6) My sisters ___________________ (sell/cell) hot samosas near the beach on Sundays. Now, write the meanings of at least three pairs of homophones that you have newly learnt. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 3.2: Fill in the blanks with the correct homophones from the words in brackets. 1) The _______________________ (band/banned) played lovely music at the marriage ceremony. 2) The _______________________ (miner/minor) was not allowed to cast his vote as he was not 18 yet. 3) The royal _______________________ (suite/sweet) of the hotel is excellent. 4) Rishi _______________________ (rode/road) his motorbike to the factory. 5) I can count the _______________________ (daze/days) of the week on my fingers. 6) I gave my mother a beautiful _______________________ (rows/rose) on Mother’s Day. Module 9 47 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T2.indb 47 04/09/2019 16:05:29
Grammar Adverbs You have learnt about adverbs earlier. An adverb is a word that describes a verb, adjective or another adverb. There are different kinds of adverbs. Kinds of adverbs Adverbs of Adverbs of Adverbs of Adverbs of Adverbs of manner degree place time frequency Remember ► Adverbs are words that show how some actions are done. ► Adverbs also tell us when, where, why or how something happens. ► A djectives and adverbs have a strong connection. Many adverbs are formed by adding ‘-ly’ to the end of an adjective. ► W e must remember that adjectives describe nouns or pronouns, whereas adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Examples: Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb most mostly smooth smoothly clear clearly real really 48 04/09/2019 16:05:29 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T2.indb 48
Adverbs of manner tell us the way in Adverbs of degree tell us the degree which something is done. They are usually or intensity of actions. They answer placed either after the main verb or after the question ‘how much?’ or ‘to what the object. Adverbs of manner answer extent?’. the question ‘how?’ or ‘in what manner?’. Examples: Examples: • She is extremely smart. • He swims well. • Your handwriting is hardly legible. • He picked up the books quickly. Adverbs of place tell us the place, location or direction of an action and answer the question ‘where?’. Examples: • I looked for my book everywhere. • They are playing here. Underline the adverbs of manner, degree and place in the given sentences. Write AM next to the sentences with adverbs of manner and AD next to those with adverbs of degree. Write AP next to the sentences that have adverbs of place. • He kicked the ball powerfully. • Your tablet is completely broken. • My uncle’s house is nearby. • We danced terribly at the party. • The balloons flew upwards. • Wait for me! I’ve almost reached. • The workshop was very good. • They took the guests inside. Here are a few common adverbs. Adverbs of manner Adverbs of degree Adverbs of place cheerfully joyfully extremely completely up down sadly tiredly very enough backwards away Module 9 49 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T2.indb 49 04/09/2019 16:05:30
Adverbs of manner Adverbs of degree Adverbs of place silently terribly quite almost around nearby bravely hard nearly hardly here there fast well just too eastwards westwards happily carefully fairly rather inside outside Let us learn about adverbs of time and frequency. Adverbs of time Read the following sentences. Adverbs of time: They tell us when an action happened or for how long the action continued. I visited Goa last year. (when) Goldilocks stayed at the They have lived in this house bears’ house all day long. since 1998. (how long) (how long) Here are some more examples: when? today, before, later, yesterday, tomorrow, last year, later, now, immediately how long? all day, a week, a month, two hours, a while Adverbs of time are usually placed at the ends of sentences. Examples: She has to leave now. We will call you later. We stayed in Mumbai for a week. I met an old friend yesterday. 50 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T2.indb 50 04/09/2019 16:05:31
Adverbs of frequency Adverbs of frequency: They tell us how often something occurs or somebody does something. In other words, they show routine or repeated activities. We always study after class. Rita is often late for work. I usually watch movies on Adverbs of frequency can be arranged like this: Sundays. always usually generally/normally often/frequently sometimes/ occasionally hardly ever / rarely / seldom never Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T2.indb 51 Module 9 51 04/09/2019 16:05:31
Adverbs of frequency are usually placed before the main verbs and after the helping verbs. Examples: My father rarely gets angry. I seldom eat junk food. We sometimes go out for movies. We are never late for rehearsals. (after the helping verb) Exercise 4.1: Read the following passage and underline the adverbs. One is done for you. It was a cold and wintry night, and the wind blew gently. A ship was sailing westwards on the sea. There was a storm, and the passengers on deck were completely drenched in the heavy rain that beat upon them. They ran into their cabins immediately and started praying for the storm to calm down. They were scared, and they cried bitterly in desperation. In the morning, the floor of the ship developed cracks, and water started entering it. The passengers on board were rescued quickly before the ship sank. Exercise 4.2: Fill in the blanks with adverbs based on the types mentioned in brackets. One is done for you. 1) The walk was rather long. (degree) 2) I had heard this ___________________________________. (time) 3) She stepped ___________________________________. (place) 4) The salesperson called ___________________________________. (frequency) 5) Order the carriage ___________________________________. (place) 6) The patient is feeling ___________________________________ better today. (degree) 52 04/09/2019 16:05:32 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T2.indb 52
Exercise 4.3: Fill in the blanks with the correct adverbs (of manner/degree/place/ time/frequency) from the box. One is done for you. joyfully down quite a while very seldom Hansel and Gretel were roaming around in the forest. They were very hungry. After some time, they came across a house in the forest. It was made of chocolate! They _____________________ ate chocolates. So, they jumped _____________________________________ when they saw the chocolate house. They spent ____________________________________ eating the chocolates. Then, they lay ____________________________________ on the ground and fell asleep as they were _________________________________ exhausted. Module 9 53 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T2.indb 53 04/09/2019 16:05:32
Writing Formal Writing Message writing Exercise 5: Write a quick message to your mother, telling her that you have left the house to go buy something. Hints: • Write the reason for leaving the house. • Mention why you could not inform your mother in person. • Say when you will return. • Keep the message short and precise. • Sign your name. 04/09/2019 16:05:32 54 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T2.indb 54
Creative Writing Story writing Exercise 6: Most festivals have stories behind them. Think about a few festivals that you enjoy and find out the stories behind them. Then, complete the gaps by writing down the story below. My favourite festival has an interesting story behind it. The festival that I enjoy the most is . Here is the story behind it: Once upon a time, Module 9 55 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T2.indb 55 04/09/2019 16:05:33
. That is why the festival of . is celebrated. It reminds people that . was told to me by Each year, we . The story of 56 04/09/2019 16:05:34 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T2.indb 56
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