202110248-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G09-PART2

CHAPTER 19- HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (vi) Under this right, all forms of “forced labour are prohibited”. (A) Right to constitutional remedies (B) Right to freedom (C) Right to equality (D)Right against Exploitation (vii) In which year did the Government of India pass an act of legislature to protect human rights? (A) 1998 (B) 1983 (C) 1993 (D) 2003 (viii) Which commission was set up for human rights? (A) NBRC (B) NHRC (C) NDRC (D) NARC (ix) Which of the following is a fundamental duty? (A) To establish educational institutions (B) To defend the country (C) To practice one’s own religion (D) To reside in any territory in India (x) Which of the following takes up human rights cases in the states? (A) State Human Rights Commissions (B) National Commission for Women (C) National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (D) National Minority Commission CHAPTER 19. HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 99

20. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS SESSION 1 RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 1.1 Mind Map Rights of children, children rights. Prohibition of child marrige act – 2006. SESSION 1. RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 100

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 1.2 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What are the disadvantages of child marriages? [Refer to TB page 261 Q1] A. Child means a male who has not completed 21 years of age and a female who has not completed 18 years of age. There are so many disadvantages of child marriages. i. Mental as well as physical health problems. ii. Responsibilities will have to be shouldered at a very young age. iii. Education gets affected. iv. Work opportunities are limited for the youngsters, since their education is not completed, they can’t get good jobs. v. Bringing up children may be difficult. Their knowledge of child care may be limited and parental guidance is also not adequate. They may not be able to provide good upbringing to their children. vi. Marital problems are likely to occur. Often young couple is immature to shoulder major responsibilities and end up fighting with each other. Adjustment problems may arise. vii. Many children drop out of school and ultimately lose out on achieving higher education. viii. Other than these, underage pregnancy, increased abortions, premature births, handicapped child births or dead child births, child labour are also some disadvantages of child marriages. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Imagine that you are Tehsildar. How would you prevent child marriages? [Refer to TB page 261 Q6] A. Education of the parents is just as important as education of the children. As a tehasildar I will raise awareness among parents and their relatives. If they don’t listen to me, I will request the police department to take them into custody.Thus I will prevent child marriages. Q2. Many acts are made by the government. What do you suggest for better implementation? [Refer to TB page 261 Q4] A. India is a democratic country where all the citizens get equal opportunity.The Government passed many Acts to have the equality among the people for better implementation of these acts. SESSION 1. RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 101

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS i. Government should give more importance to the publicity about the details of Act. ii. It should distribute pamphlets about the advantages of Act. iii. In rural areas, concerned leaders of the village should propagate the importance of Act. iv. Government should appoint some officials to visit cities and villages and educate the people about the Act. v. People also should participate voluntarily to propagate the ideas of Act. vi. In educational institutions, teachers should discuss about new acts that were passed by government. 1.3 Key Concepts i. UNO proposed International Children Charter in 1989. It was signed by 191 countries. ii. Child marriages are prohibited under 2006 Child Marriage Act. It decided the minimum age for marriage as 18 years for girls and 21 years for boys. SESSION 1. RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 102

SESSION 2 WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND ISSUES 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND ISSUES 103

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 2.2 Terminology 1. Dowry: Property or money brought by a bride to her husband or husband’s family on their marriage. 2. Domestic violence: Any incident of threatening behavior, violence or abuse between adults who are family members regardless of gender. 3. Lok Adalat: It is a special kind of Peoples Court in which some particular kind of disputes are solved by direct talk between the litigant and complainant. These courts are not substitution for existing courts, but it is additional arm of the existing judicial institution. 4. Sexual Assault: When an individual engages in sexual activity without the explicit consent of the other individual involved. 5. Forced Prostitution: Someone forcing another person to sell their body. 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Why has Domestic violence became a common practice in what forms is Domestic violence seen in society. Find out the reasons.[Refer [Refer to TB page 261 Q2] A. i. Domestic violence not only affects women, but also has devastating consequences for the children, extended family and neighbourhood ii. Domestic violence by men against women can be seen as a consequence of the inequalities between men and women. iii. Most domestic violence is caused by learning and reinforcement rather than by –biology or genetics. iv. People who drink too much abuse their partners or family members. v. Domestic violence starts slowly and it becomes a routine, when nobody opposes it. vi. In India, most of the women are not educated and bear the violence for the sake of children. vii. Indians are bounded with the system of ‘unity’ and women are not ready to come out of their family. This leads to domestic violence becoming a common practice. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the paragraph under the title “Sexual Assault and Torturing” of page 260 and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 261 Q8] A. Students activity. SESSION 2. WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND ISSUES 104

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. You have read about various problems of girls and women. Have you noticed any sort of these problems in your village town, Specify them and what is to be done? [Refer to TB page 261 Q3] A. Sample answer 1. Recently one incident took place near my household. 2.The husband was forcing his wife to give more dowry. 3. They had a girl who was studying in Chennai. 4. The girl tried to reach her mother but she was not able to communicate with her. 5. Suspecting that something might have happened she reached Vijayawada, with her relatives help and then left to meet her parents. 6. The girl was shocked to see that her mother was house arrested and is being harassed by her father. 7. Immediately she lodged a police complaint. Father was jailed and mother left for Chennai along with the daughter. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Write an essay on general problems the women are facing? [Refer to TB page 261 Q5] A. Women are the backbone of any strong society. They are source of constant support and motivation to the entire family. i. Financial demands of Indian families are forcing women to do domestic and as well as office work, as men do not share household work. ii. Women going out to work are often subjected to sexual harassment. iii. Women’s remuneration is less than men. iv. Major burden of running the family is on the shoulders of women. v. Women have less sleeping hours, as they are solely responsible to take care of children in the family. vi. Male superiority creates several hurdles for women at their work place. SESSION 2. WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND ISSUES 105

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 2.4 Key Concepts i. Government passed an act in 1961, Dowry Prohibition Act. ii. To stop the violence National and International government have taken up certain declarations. iii. Men and women shall possess equal rights in the matters of family. iv. Women and children are suffering from domestic violence. v. Sexually, physically, mentally, economically women are suffering in the family. vi. Whoever caused sexual assault will be imprisoned for minimum 20 years. vii. A people’s court Lok Adalat was established under the Article 39–A of the Constitution. viii. Lok Adalat is meant for settling the problems faster. ix. The state government and high court jointly formulated certain principles as per the act of judicial services authority. —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Sexual Assault and Torturing a. Social and religious prostitution ii. Physical abuse iii. Immoral trafficking b. Minimum 20 years of imprisonment iv. Sexual assault v. Activities against the law c. Up to 7 years rigorous imprisonment d. Behavior that causes to bodily pain or harm e. Children are forced to sell narcotics and drugs CHAPTER 20. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 106

2. Match the following. CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS Column A Column B i. District Collector a. Obstacle to education ii. Disadvantages of child marriage b. Incharge for stopping child Marriages iii. Children Rights c. Rs. 15,000 fine iv. Dowry d. Ordinance of 2013 v. Justice J.S Verma Committee e. Right to live with parents as far as possible 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What is Lok Adalat? (ii) Write one provision of Dowry Prohibition Act 1961. (iii) Give one example of sexual assault as a form of trafficking. CHAPTER 20. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 107

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS (iv) State one disadvantage of child marriage. (v) Mention any one right of children. 4. Fill in the blanks. (vi) Forcing children to work without making proper payments, not providing nutritious food, clothes and not treating them as human beings is known as . (vii) starts slowly and becomes a routine if nobody opposes it. (viii) In , the UNO proposed international children’s charter on which 191 countries have signed. (ix) Deprivation of economic or financial resources, using women’s wealth, selling their property, amounts to . (x) All the people below years of age are all children without gender discrimination. (xi) means people’s court. (xii) Washing clothes, cleaning the houses and utensils without proper wages, entrusting work in neighbours’ houses amounts to . CHAPTER 20. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 108

(xiii) Citizens who belong to CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS eligible for judicial assistance. are (xiv) Tying up children on camels and making them run for entertainment is a form of . (xv) Judicial advice is given free of cost by the . Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Why do we need women protection acts? (ii) Write five important child rights. CHAPTER 20. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 109

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Write a note on the Dowry Prohibition Act. (ii) What do you know about the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act? CHAPTER 20. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 110

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and comment on it. Violation of children’s and women rights is still continuing in our society in various forms. Inci- dents of their violation happen in family as well at workplace. How far can such violation of rights continue? There is a need to change the attitude of society which adversely affects the overall development of women and children. Proper implementation laws made by the government can provide free and confident life to the children and women. Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and comment on it. If a person gives or takes or abets dowry, he/she shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term not less than five years and with a fine not less than 15 thousand rupees or the amount of the value of such dowry whichever is more. CHAPTER 20. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 111

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Do you think that over the years women have become more vulnerable or strong? Give reasons. CHAPTER 20. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 112

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What can be done to encourage more and more women to speak up for themselves and take a stand against violence? Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 11. Choose the correct answer. (i) The Prohibition of the Child Marriage Act was passed in . (A) 1996 (B) 2006 (C) 1986 (D) 1976 (ii) The Immoral Trafficking Act was passed in . (A) 1956 (B) 1966 (C) 2006 (D) 1986 (iii) Which of the following is a form of trafficking? (A) Murder (B) Domestic violence (C) Harassment (D) Sexual assault CHAPTER 20. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 113

CHAPTER 20- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS (iv) When was the Dowry Prohibition Act passed? (A) 1951 (B) 1971 (C) 1991 (D) 1961 (v) What is considered to be a major cause for domestic violence? (A) Smoking (B) Health problems (C) Addiction to drinking (D) Unrestrained freedom (vi) Which of the following is a form of domestic violence? (A) Scolding (B) Removing body parts (C) Vetti (D)Mental abuse (vii) An ordinance was issued on sexual assault and torturing by the President of India in (A) 2015 (B) 2014 (C) 2013 (D) 2012 (viii) Which article contains provisions for settlement of disputes through Lok Adalat? (A) 39–B (B) 39–A (C) 39–C (D) 38–A (ix) What is the reality about domestic violence? (A) Physical and mental abuse of women. (B) Violence leads to more violence. Children who grow in the violent atmosphere will become more violent in future. (C)Women shall bear the violence for the sake of children. (D)There is no way to get out of domestic violence. (x) When was the Immoral Trafficking Act amended? (A) 2006 (B) 2014 (C) 1996 (D) 2000 CHAPTER 20. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 114

21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT SESSION 1 HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISASTERS 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. World community: The term is used primarly in political and humanitarian context to describe an international aggregate of nation states widely. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What safety measures should be followed to avoid fire accidents? [Refer to TB page 270 Q3] A. The measures to be adopted to prevent fire accidents are of paramount importance. i. Put smoke detectors in strategic locations in houses. ii. Inflammable things should not be kept near the fire. iii. In case of fire accidents immediate information has to be given to fire station. iv. On hearing the fire alarm, keep the roads clear. v. Gathering crowd makes the firefighting operation difficult. vi. Strict vigilance in fireworks factory helps us to prevent fire accidents. vii. Mobiles should not be operated in petrol bunks. viii. Don’t allow children to play with matches. ix. Don’t keep highly inflammable objects with in the vicinity in case of fire accidents. Altogether we can say that fire accidents are man made tragedy, and thus totally preventable. SESSION 1. HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISA... 115

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT Q2. What are the main causes to road accidents? How can we reduce the road accidents? [Refer to TB page 270 Q4] A. Causes for Road accidents: i. Careless driving is one of the causes of road accidents. ii. Most drivers drive under the influence of alcohol which results in road accidents. iii. Violation of road signs leads to road accidents. iv. Driving too fast reduces the time available to react something on the road and can make injuries even more severe. v. Individual’s neglect to follow road rules and regulations, leads to road accidents. Poor driving skills, breaking down of vehicle on the roads, second hand tiers, poor nature of roads, over loading of vehicles beyond their expected gross weight also cause road accidents. Measures to reduce road accidents: i. Don’t take alcohol before going for a drive. ii. Never overtake from wrong side. iii. Maintain prescribed speed, never drive over speed. iv. Take care of bumps. v. Use back view mirrors. vi. Avoid using cell phones while driving. vii. Keep your brakes working smoothly. viii. Must use helmet while driving a two wheeler. ix. By issuing accurate forecasts and warnings in a form that is readily understood and by educating people how to prepare against such hazards, before they become disaster, lives and property can be protected. If we take all these measures while driving on the road we can reach our destination safely. Q3. Identify the causes of rail accidents? [Refer to TB page 270 Q6] A. Railway transport is the fastest means of network. Nowadays railway accidents are increasing in India. SESSION 1. HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISA... 116

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT Causes: i. Lack of maintenance: Improper track maintenance is the sole reason for hundreds of fatali- ties. ii. Mechanical failure: Many train accidents are caused by mechanical failures. These failures include broken warning lights. iii. Human error: People make mistakes, unfortunately in rail road industry, the effects of a mistake can be devastating. Some causes for accidents, related to human error, include improperly loaded cargoes. iv. Weather: Weather can cause more than derailment. It can also limit the engineers’ and conductors’ ability to do their jobs due to inadequate sight of the tracks ahead. v. Other causes: Sometimes a train accident can be due to lines being switched improperly on excessive speed. Rare accidents are caused by negligence or improper behaviour on the part of rail road employee. Sometimes operators allow themselves to be distracted while on duty. Miscommunication about rails and status of the tracks also lead to accidents. Q4. Explain how a natural hazard becomes a disaster? [Refer to TB page 270 Q1] A. A natural hazard turns into a disaster when a lot of people get trapped in it and sadly lose their life to a hazard. A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event which has a negative effect on human. This negative effect is what we call a natural disaster. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the para titled “Fire accident” on page 266 and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 270 Q10] A. Students activity. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. List out the reasons and risk inducing factors in your home, school or village? [Refer to TB page 270 Q7] A. Students activity. SESSION 1. HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISA... 117

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT 1.4 Key Concepts i. Natural hazards are not always natural.If we take care of them, many such disasters can be averted. ii. The disasters that are caused because of human negligence or deliberately by an individual or a group can be termed as Human–made. iii. These disasters cost the most in terms of human suffering, loss of life and in long term to a country’s economy and productive capacity. iv. Road, rail and air accidents are some of the disasters that one faces every day. v. In the year 2000, more than 3 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was lost in accidents. vi. Road safety education is as essential as any other basic skills of survival. vii. The Road Safety Week is observed in January first week, every year throughout the country. viii. The theme of the Road Safety Week in 2006 was ‘Road Safety and no Accident’. ix. Railway transportation appeared at earlier times to be safe due to slower speeds, short and lower density traffic. x. With the largest network in the world, the number of railway accidents has increased. xi. The most common type of rail accidents are derailment which takes place due to lack of maintenance, human error or sabotage. xii. Fire is a phenomenon of combustion manifested in intense heat and light in the form of flames. xiii. Heat, fuel, and oxygen are the three ingredients which cause a fire. xiv. The 2004 fire in a school in Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu 93 innocent lives were charred to death. SESSION 1. HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISA... 118

SESSION 2 THE THREAT OF TERRORISM 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Terrorism: The use of violence to achieve a political goal. SESSION 2. THE THREAT OF TERRORISM 119

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What is Terrorism? What are the motives of terrorists? [Refer to TB page 270 Q2] A. The use of violence to achieve a political goal is known as terrorism. Motives: The motive of terrorism is to take revenge against a country, create mayhem and wreak havoc among general public to draw attention to their own plight, or what they think is injustice done to them. i. To raise the awareness of injustice and to act as rallying points for people who feel they are abused. ii. Terrorism triggers fear and fear shows signs of weakness. This weakness gives in to de- mands and the wants of the terrorist at will. iii. Opposition to religious conversions and interference in religious beliefs in the name of modernity. iv. Terrorist get the satisfaction like that of freedom fighters. The intention of terrorists are quite different depending on what they hope to accomplish. Many times the terrorists are more concerned with getting attention for their cause. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Terrorist attacks cause loss of life and wealth. What are the precautions to be taken to prevent these activities? [Refer to TB page 270 Q5] A. Terror, as the word signifies, means fear! Terrorists play with the psyche of people by frightening them, creating dangerous situations like mindless gunning down of people or triggering a bomb which results in mass killing and damage properties. It’s a mental action based on faulty ideas about religion which they try to inculcate among the people by threatening them. No religion in the world preaches violence. It is socially fanatic and terrorists are nothing but anti–social elements who try to disrupt the peace and harmony of the society. SESSION 2. THE THREAT OF TERRORISM 120

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT As science and technology have progressed so has increased the lust and greed for more and more power and wealth. The development in the arena of science and technology was sup- posed to bring the people together to form a world community with harmonious and peaceful co–existence of its inhabitants. These internal conflicts have affected the lives of many common people who have suffered great losses. Children live in constant fear, lose out on education and normal life is snatched away from them, which is one of the basic fundamental right –The Right to life. Terrorism should be denounced by all sections of society. Unless people do not unite in condemn- ing terrorism, it will continue to threat their lives. Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following places attacked by the terrorists in the India map. [Refer to TB page 270 Q8] a) Hyderabad b) Bhagalpur c) Kumbakonam d) Mumbai e) Bangalore SESSION 2. THE THREAT OF TERRORISM 121

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT A. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Write about an incident related to disaster you know [Refer to [Refer to TB page 270 Q9] A. Student’s Activity SESSION 2. THE THREAT OF TERRORISM 122

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT 2.4 Key Concepts i. As science and technology progressed, so did man’s inherent greed for power and along with increased hostility between various groups of people in the world. ii. Terrorism has become common in certain areas of the world, including parts of India. iii. Citizen safety is the concern of all. Different measures are adopted by various agencies to create awareness on safety. iv. In terrorist areas children do not lead normal life, they live in constant fear of attacks and vio- lence. v. As a citizen of India, everyone should feel the responsibility to avoid accidents and put check- mate to terrorism. —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Column B Very Short Answer Type Questions a. Lack of proper drainage facility 1. Match the following. Column A i. Rail accidents ii. Road Safety Week b. Emergency ambulance service iii. Human induced disaster c. Road Safety and no accident iv. Mumbai floods d. Walking across tracks v. 108 e. Road, rail and air accidents CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 123

2. Match the following. CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT Column A Column B i. 101 a. Switch off electrical appliances ii. Fire outbreak b. Emergency exit door iii. Ahimsa c. Fire service iv. 100 d. Mahatma Gandhi v. Air accident e. Police Control Room 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What is human induced disaster? (ii) State one precautionary measure to prevent road accidents. (iii) At the time of fire outbreak who should you call? 124 CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT (iv) Why should you not touch unidentified objects? (v) Who are terrorists? 4. Fill in the blanks. (vi) At , pay attention to the signal and the swing barrier. (vii) In case of fire find a phone and call . (viii) Don’t carry on the trains. (ix) has become common in certain parts of the world, including some parts of India. (x) Always keep your fastened when you are sitting at your seat. (xi) Give and get help for seriously injured people. (xii) Drive if you have a and have attained the age of 18. (xiii) Carefully read the that is there in the seat pocket. (xiv) The is observed in January every year throughout the country. CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 125

(xv) Don’t walk across the CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT platforms. . Use the foot bridge to change Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What should you do in case of an air accident? Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What precautions should be taken to avoid rail accidents? CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 126

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT (ii) Write a note on the threat of terrorism. AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and comment on it. Road, rail and air accidents are some of the disasters that take place on a day to day basis. Rapid development and expansion of road networks for better connectivity and the increase in number of motor vehicles have led to a substantial rise in levels of both passenger and freight movement. The number of road accidents and fatalities has also been growing in recent years. CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 127

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT (ii) Read the text and comment on it. Terrorism has become common in certain parts of the world, including parts of India. In these areas, children live under constant fear of attacks and violence. Often, they do not attend formal schools and don’t lead normal lives. Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and comment on it. Mahatma Gandhi preached ahimsa or non–violence and truth as the tools for peaceful reso- lution of issues between people, communities or countries. Over the years, as science and technology have progressed, so has man’s inherent greed for power and wealth, along with increased hostility between various groups of people in the world. CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 128

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Over the years, have adequate safety measures been taken to reduce rail and air mishaps? Are they effective? (ii) We are ill–prepared to deal with disasters like fire. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons. CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 129

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) On a map of India, locate the places (cities) where the following incidents took place. Bomb blast at Dilsukhnagar Terrorist attack on Taj Mahal hotel Srinagar Varanasi CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 130

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Write an essay on any one you consider a bigger menace today: accidents caused by human error or terrorist attacks. Why? Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 12. Choose the correct answer. (i) What should you not do while walking on the roads? (A) Always walk on the footpath (B) Cross the road at a corner/curve (C) Cross only at Zebra crossing (D) Know the road signals and honour them. (ii) While travelling by bus, if you do not get a seat and you are standing, then you must –––––––––––––––––––to save you from falling. CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 131

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT (A) get on to a moving bus (B) must hold the rod above your head (C) shout and make noise in the bus (D) sit or stand on the footboard of the bus (iii) Which of the following people can drive vehicles? (A) One who has consumed alcohol (B) One who is sick or injured (C) One who is angry or upset (D) One who is in a proper state of mind (iv) To avoid rail accidents what should we do? (A) Carry flammable materials (B) Stand or lean out of the door in a moving train (C) Smoke in the train (D) Pay attention to the signal and the swing barrier (v) What should we do while travelling by air? (A) Carry flammable materials (B) Remove seat belt (C) Know where the nearest safety emergency exit is (D) Ignore the safety instructions as they are a bore (vi) What should we not do at the time of a fire outbreak? CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 132

CHAPTER 21- DISASTER MANAGEMENT (A) Raise the alarm (B) Get out of the building as soon as possible (C) Switch off all the electrical appliances (D) Hide in a cupboard or under a bed (vii) At the time of a terror attack what should not be done? (A) Remain calm and relaxed and be patient (B) Follow the advice of local emergency officials (C) Give first aid and get help for seriously injured people (D) Hand over unidentified bags and tiffin boxes to the police (viii) Who preached ‘ahimsa’? (A) Nelson Mandela (B) Mahatma Gandhi (C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee (D) Yasser Arafat (ix) Where did the fire in Kumbakonam break out? (A) College (B) School (C) Office (D) Shopping mall (x) How did Air India Flight 182 Kanishka crash? (A) Bomb blast (B) Fire from cigarette (C) Fire from short circuit (D) Technical fault CHAPTER 21. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 133

22. TRAFFIC EDUCATION SESSION 1 INTRODUCTION, TRAFFIC CHAOS, NECESSITY FOR DRIVING LICENCES 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. Vehicle registration: Compulsory registration of a vehicle with a government authority. Its purpose is to establish clear ownership and to tax motorists or vehicle drivers for wrong driving. 2. Driving license: It is an official document which states that a person may operate a motorized vehicle on a public road way. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION, TRAFFIC CHAOS, NECESSITY FOR DRIV... 134

CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What documents should a driver carry while driving and what skills are needed to drive safely? [Refer to TB page 277 Q1] A. The following documents should be carried while driving: (a) Driving License (b) Registration certificate (c) Taxation Certificate (d) RUC Certificate (e) Insurance Certificate . (f) Fitness Certificate and permit. Skills required to drive safely can be enlisted as follows: (a) Good vision. (b) Quick reflexes. (c) Good co-ordination. (d) Marked ability to take decisions and judge the traffic conditions. Q2. What will happen if someone jumps the trafic signal? [Refer to TB page 277 Q2] A. Traffic signals help to control traffic. If someone jumps the traffic signal, there is a chance of accident. Q3. Kamala wants to purchase a new vehicle. Explain her what are the steps to be taken and what documents are to be produced for the registration of a vehicle? [Refer to TB page 277 Q5] A. No person should drive any vehicle without Registration. Since Kamala is planning to buy a vehicle, she must have the following documents for the registration of vehicle. i. Copy of Sales certificate ii. Copy of road worthiness certificate iii. Copy of valid insurance certificate iv. Pollution under control certificate and v. Copy of address proof An application must be submitted to the registration authority regarding the purchased vehicle within one month of purchase. A temporary registration is being done followed by a permanent registration. Kamala must keep all these certificates ready to get a faster registration for her vehicle. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION, TRAFFIC CHAOS, NECESSITY FOR DRIV... 135

CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION Information Skills Q1. Read the table of page ‘Accident Victims–Age’ of page 271, identify the age group for which more number of cases registered and draw a bar graph. [Refer to TB page 77 Q8] A. The age group of 25 –30 has more number of cases registered. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Suggest a few steps that are taken in your area for road safety [Refer to TB page 277 Q3] A. Road safety is a result of contributing efforts from all the sections of society including both civilians and government officials. In addition to the human sufferings, the estimated costs of the road injuries are a noticeable amount in GNP per annum. So some steps can be fruitful in this direction. Few important road safety steps: SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION, TRAFFIC CHAOS, NECESSITY FOR DRIV... 136

CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION i. Don’t use mobile phone while driving. ii. Belt up in the back. iii. Don’t drink and drive. iv. Always adhere to speed limits. v. Take special care about children, senior citizens and pedestrians. vi. Don’t drive if you are tired. vii. Pedestrians should walk cautiously. viii. Always observe and anticipate other road users. ix. Keep your distance and x. Always wear helmets and seat belts. 1.4 Key Concepts i. Movement of any object from one place to another is traffic. ii. Movement of any vehicle from one place to another place on the road is road traffic. iii. Traffic Education is the education which describes the traffic rules and regulations in a clear and simple way. iv. A driver must hold his /her current driving license. v. Age limit for motor vehicle above 50 CC is 18 years. vi. A learning license is issued to the applicant who qualifies in the prescribed tests. vii. Permanent license will be issued only after having a valid learner’s license. viii. One should apply for the permanent license after 30 days but within 180 days from the date of issue of the learner’s license. SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION, TRAFFIC CHAOS, NECESSITY FOR DRIV... 137

SESSION 2 DRUNKEN DRIVING AND CANCELLATION OF LICENSES 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. DRUNKEN DRIVING AND CANCELLATION OF LICENSES 138

CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION 2.2 Terminology 1. Breath analyser: A breath analyser is a devise for estimating blood alchohol content from a breathe sample. 2.3 Key Concepts i. If the driver is using the vehicle without registration, the Regional Transport Authority has the right to cancel his license. SESSION 2. DRUNKEN DRIVING AND CANCELLATION OF LICENSES 139

SESSION 3 TRAFFIC SIGNS 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology 1. Mandatory signs: Road signs which are used to set all traffic rules and indicating specific area of road. Most mandatory signs are white symbols on a blue background with white border or black symbols on a white background with a red border. 2. Traffic education: Traffic education is the education where the traffic rules and regulations are explained in a clear and simple way. SESSION 3. TRAFFIC SIGNS 140

CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION 3.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Explain the need for road safety. [Refer to TB page 277 Q7] A. India loses large number of lives due to road traffic crashes every year. It has a road traffic fatality rate of 16.8 deaths per 1,00,000 population. Approximately half of all deaths on the country’s roads are among vulnerable road users – motorcyclists, pedestrians and cyclists. Hence road safety is very important to avoid the accidents and control loss of lives. Road safety ensures that every road user follow traffic rules and thereby avoid traffic jams and deaths due to accidents. For systematic regulation of vehicular traffic, road safety is needed. Q2. Explain mandatory, caution and information traffic signs with example: [Refer to TB page 277 Q4] A. 1) Mandatory signs: Mandatory signs are indicated in a circular form. In accordance with the Motor Vehicle Act 1988, every driver of a motor vehicle shall drive the vehicle in conformity with any indication given by the mandatory signs and not obeying these signs is an offence. Ex. 1) Stop 2) No Parking 3) Overtaking prohibited 2) Caution / Warning signs: Caution signs are meant for cautioning the driver about the hazards lying ahead on the road. Drivers must obey the signs for safety. These signs are indicated in a triangular form. Ex. 1) T–Inter section 2) Right Hand Curve 3) School Ahead 3) Information signs: Information signs are erected on the road to provide information on direction, destination, road side facilities etc., to the road users. Ex.1) Park this side 2) First aid post 3) Public telephone. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the Paras under the title “Traffic chaos ” of page 272 and comment on them. [Refer to TB page 277 Q9] A. Students activity. SESSION 3. TRAFFIC SIGNS 141

CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Ramu wants to interchange his vehicle number to other vehicle. Is it correct or not? Explain, why? [Refer to TB page 277 Q6] A. No, that is not correct. The number allotted to each and every vehicle is unique and is an identity for the vehicle. So, it should not be interchanged. It is a crime. 3.4 Key Concepts i. The RTA officer explains how to get the vehicle temporarily registered and then permanently registered. ii. No person can drive any motor vehicle unless it is registered. iii. Road surface markings provide guidance and information to drivers and pedestrians. iv. Footpath is laid on either side of the road for the use of pedestrians, It is built with the width of about 2 meters. v. Road divider — The road is divided into two halves with cement slabs. vi. Zebra Crossing is the place where the pedestrians cross the road. These are laid at places where traffic is heavy. vii. At red traffic signals vehicles should stop before the line. viii. Walk on the footpath, if footpath is not available walk on the right side of the road. ix. Live and let everyone live, follow traffic rules. Ensure safety on road, follow traffic rules. x. A driver must carry only a pillion passenger, who must sit on a proper seat. —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Column B Very Short Answer Type Questions a. Signs in triangle for caution 1. Match the following. Column A i. Permanent license ii. Residence proof b. Signs in blue rectangle informs iii. Cancellation of driving licenses c. Electricity bill iv. Information signs d. Failure to produce Certificate of Registration v. Cautionary signs e. Issued after one month from the date of is- suing the learner's license CHAPTER 22. TRAFFIC EDUCATION 142

2. Match the following. CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION Column A Column B i. Red light a. Get ready to go ii. Orange b. Walk on the footpath iii. Green c. Stop before line iv. Hurdle of road safety d. Move the vehicle v. Rules for pedestrians e. Negligence of civilians 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) When can a permanent license be issued? CHAPTER 22. TRAFFIC EDUCATION 143

CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION (ii) What are the forms to be submitted for getting a learner’s license? (iii) What is a ‘No Parking Zone’? (iv) What is a traffic education? (v) When can one’s driving license be cancelled? Give an instance. 4. Fill in the blanks. (vi) Use only less emission vehicles. (vii) The age limit of a person to drive transport vehicles is years. (viii) are laid on either side of the road for the use of pedestrians. CHAPTER 22. TRAFFIC EDUCATION 144

(ix) CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION permanent license. is valid up to 6 months from the date of issue to obtain a (x) is the place where the pedestrians cross the road. (xi) Stray animals, fruit and vegetable sellers, private vehicles like cars, auto rickshaws often found parking at are the main causes for traffic jams. (xii) is a signatory device position at a road intersection to indicate when it is safe to drive through. (xiii) explains the traffic rules and regulations in a clear and simple way. (xiv) are signs in red circles instructing us what should not be done. (xv) Movement of any vehicle from one place to another place on the road is . Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What are the hurdles of road safety? CHAPTER 22. TRAFFIC EDUCATION 145

CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION (ii) Why is it necessary to get vehicles registered? Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What are the rules that should be followed by pedestrians? (ii) What precautions should be taken while driving? 146 CHAPTER 22. TRAFFIC EDUCATION

CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and comment on it. When a person drinks alcohol, it is absorbed into the blood and is circulated throughout the body. As this blood reaches the lungs, the breath carries traces of alcohol which is measured by the gadget. (ii) Read the text and comment on it. Road surface markings are used on paved roads to provide guidance and information to drivers and pedestrians. Uniformity of the markings is an important factor in minimizing confusion and uncertainty. CHAPTER 22. TRAFFIC EDUCATION 147

CHAPTER 22- TRAFFIC EDUCATION Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and comment on it. As youth has become more independent, they are exposed to increased life–risks. Especially teenagers are an important group of road users. Many are unaware that road incidents are the biggest cause for serious accidents and deaths. It is necessary to teach all the road safety measures clearly to avoid accidents. CHAPTER 22. TRAFFIC EDUCATION 148