JSNR_BGM_Traveller-G4-Literature-English-FY_Text

India. From the ancient times, puppets have been used to tell stories across the different regions of India. Let us read more about them ?and discover the different ancient What are string kinds of puppets. Let us begin puppets also with the string puppets. These called? puppets have strings attached to various parts of their bodies. The puppeteer pulls a string, and the puppet moves a part of its body. These puppets are also called ‘marionettes’. string puppet from string puppet Rajasthan from Karnataka Shadow puppets, on the other hand, are flat and something like paper cutouts. They are usually made of leather. The puppets are pressed against a white cloth with light falling on it. This results in the puppet’s shadow falling on the cloth. The audience then watches and listens to the story through these shadows. shadow puppet from Odisha Glove puppets, as the name suggests, fit on the hands like gloves. The puppeteer uses his or her fingers to move the puppet. These are also known as ‘hand’ or ‘palm puppets’. Then, we have the rod puppets, which are like glove puppet glove puppets except that they are bigger and rod puppet from West from Kerala rods are used to control them. Puppets bring the stories alive for us. Isn’t it magical to see Bengal lifeless figures suddenly dance, jump and talk? These ancient props have always entertained and brought people together. The puppeteers are master artists who have to practise for several days to give a perfect performance. In olden days, puppeteers would travel from village to village, doing puppet shows. They props would leave behind stories and memories. They kept culture and rich heritage intact intact through their puppet shows. Puppet Traditions of India 47 A Good Play

Nowadays, puppetry is no longer as popular as it was. The medium medium of telling stories has changed. We can now see stories on TV and read them in magazines, story books and comics. But the charm of stories remains the same. New Words Word Meaning traditions ancient props heritage intact medium Literature Comprehension A) Direct questions and answers 1) What are the different ways in which a story can be told or shown? Ans.   2) What is a puppet made of, and how does it move? Ans.   3) What is the difference between rod puppets and glove puppets? Ans.   4488

B) Reference to context 4) ‘These puppets have strings attached to various parts of their bodies.’ a) What type of puppet is being explained in this line? Ans.  b) What is the other name for the puppets mentioned in this line? Ans.  c) What does the puppeteer have to do to move the puppet mentioned? Ans.  5) ‘Isn’t it magical to see lifeless figures suddenly dance, jump and talk?’ a) What is being described as a lifeless figure in this line? Ans.  b) What do the lifeless figures do? Ans.  c) Who works with the lifeless figures, and why? Ans.  C) Answer the following 6) Write whether the statements are true or false. a) A puppet can be made out of any material. ________________ b) A puppeteer moves the puppet using only strings. ________________ c) Shadow puppets are made of leather. ________________ d) A rod puppet is the same as a glove puppet. ________________ e) Puppetry is no longer as famous as it was in the earlier days. ________________ PR Vocabulary Q Dictionary work A dictionary is a book that lists words and their meanings in alphabetical order. dictionary Puppet Traditions of India 49 A Good Play

We use dictionaries to search for meanings of words, their spellings, pronunciations and other such information. Nowadays, we also have online dictionaries. They are very simple to use. We just need to type the word that we are searching for and read its meaning. Online dictionaries also give example sentences. We can even listen to the pronunciation of difficult words using online dictionaries. For example: 7) Use a physical dictionary to find the meanings of the first two words. Then, use an online dictionary to find the meanings of the next two words. a) tradition : ___________________________________________________________ b) audience : ___________________________________________________________ c) performance : ___________________________________________________________ d) charm : ___________________________________________________________ I Feel 8) D o you think traditional art forms such as puppetry should be encouraged? Why or why not? Ans.     5500

9) D o you think that storytelling is an important art form? How can we contribute to this wonderful tradition in our homes and schools? Ans.     I Speak The entire class sits in a large circle for this activity. One student begins with a sentence that starts a story. For example, ‘Once upon a time, there was a big, black dog.’ The second student in the circle adds a sentence to continue the story. Everyone must contribute to the story. The class needs to get into two groups for this activity. Each group has to create a puppet show. You can use socks to make sock puppets for this activity. Each group needs to think of a short story and present it to the rest of the class through a puppet show. Word Dictation 10) Listen to your teacher and write the words. c) a) b) f) d) e) i) g) h) Puppet Traditions of India 51 A Good Play

Listen and Say Aloud Words with three syllables Words with four syllables various storybook identical information theatre tradition storytelling calculator Language Game Find these words! Words to look for: S P SWS E Z H B T R E T MH HERITAGE C T Q T DMH V R E E G E N U PUPPETEER R Y R OO Z L A X F E A P X Q SHADOW PUPPET WB K I E R D I Q T T T PWE M I DNN I I H S X E I UV S STORIES U X I A T GN E Z S P R P I L STRING PUPPET X Y U I X I P L S R P EWF E Z KO Z B Z P UAAU HOP V SUTRADHAR ANCDA J P H P N PODAC TRADITION R E B R K D DW Z P GH A N D Z B X GWA Z R R Q E M H V J KVB I R ZDB L I DT S F T J P L T MZ K J Y H U RCD R T S U Y OQ U P F D A U D F S N S V N S X QM Y C P H V Q P Listening Audio 11) Where were Justin and Mary having their vacation? Ans.   12) What did their Uncle Thomas tell them about? Ans.  5522

13) At what time did they wake up in the morning? Ans.   14) What were the aromas that Mary got from the kitchen? Ans.   15) Why did Uncle Thomas tell them the story of the Foggy Figure? Ans.   Connect the Dots Maths Fun A cottage industry made 4000 puppets for a company in Denmark. If one puppet costs ` 344, how much money would the company have to pay? Social Studies Fun Did you know that the World Puppetry Day is celebrated every year on 21st March? Every culture has its own tradition of puppetry. Shadow puppets, for example, are very popular in Indonesia. Here is a picture of Indonesian shadow puppets. A Note to Parent Let your child make puppets with waste material or old socks. Help your child develop an interest in puppetry by telling him or her stories and helping him or her create a puppet show. This is a fun way to reconnect them with our tradition and culture. Puppet Traditions of India 53 A Good Play

8Lesson Adventures with the Fairies Adventure and Imagination Warm Up • H ave you ever sat quietly and observed plants, trees or flowers after a shower of rain? How do they look? • Do you like the rains? Why or why not? Let us read a story about the narrator’s adventures with rain fairies. I Read What I am about to tell you happened a long, long time ago. I was staying with my aunty, Nalini. She lived in an old house with a big ? Why did the narrator garden that had many flowers. I loved staying with love staying with her. I used to play in her garden in the mornings Nalini Aunty? and then help her cook. Most important of all, I could have breakfast in bed! I slept on a sofa, which was placed against the wall in her bedroom. As I would drift off to sleep every night, I would stare at this big, damp stain on the wall. The stain would take different shapes each night – animals, people, fairies. One rainy night, something very strange happened. I saw drift off damp something come out of the wall suddenly. It looked like a human figure made of cotton, except that it was dark – as dark as the thunderclouds. 5544

I felt a human figure touch my shoulder. I looked closely and saw a beautiful woman. In a deep, sweet, kind voice, she said, ‘Good evening! My name is Storm. Don’t be afraid of me; I’m a good fairy. Want to come with me?’ She offered me her hand. It was a slim hand and smelled of raindrops. I was so surprised that I could not answer. ‘Come along, ? What did Storm’s you’ll love the place I am taking you to’, said the hand smell like? fairy. The next thing I knew, I had been carried by her from the warmth of my bed and transported through the bedroom wall, through the middle of that damp stain. soaring We moved up, soaring high. As we flew faster and faster towards the sky, we wandered through the air as the lightning struck and thunder roared behind us. But I wasn’t scared at all. I felt confident as I held onto Storm’s hand. The rain seemed to come in waves, softly murmuring through the sky. Storm smiled at me as we went up higher and higher. Then, just as wandered smoothly as we had ascended, we began to float back down. We descended through a fog and went towards an area filled with light. In the blink of an eye, we were bathed in sunlight and around us were seven fairies. Each was just as beautiful and kind as Storm. They all smiled at me. The fairies had thin golden paintbrushes in one hand and a painter’s palette in the other. Suddenly, the fog cleared and underneath it appeared flowers, plants, animals and many more things. But strangely, each one of them was completely colourless. The seven fairies floated towards the flowers, plants and the animals. palette Slowly, they started to create magic with their paintbrushes. What a scene it was! I was so stunned by all this that I was left speechless. But an even bigger surprise was in store! I looked back at the path and saw a lovely rainbow! One of the fairies started to play an instrument. I had never heard such speechless sweet music in my life. I danced, sang and clapped along with them. I wanted to ask so many questions to the fairies. As I opened my mouth, I suddenly heard Nalini Aunty’s voice saying, ‘So now you have started singing in your sleep, have you? I think you need a good breakfast. Come on. I’ll bring you some hot milk and your favourite puri with aloo sabji.’ Adventures with the Fairies 55 A Good Play

As I nibbled on my breakfast, I kept thinking whether I should tell her what I’d seen. Would she believe me? Then, she suddenly asked, ‘So, did you enjoy your journey through the damp stain?’ My breakfast was getting cold. I was also going to be late for school. nibbled I didn’t have time to answer her. Anyhow, I still believe that whenever it rains, Storm and her friends come to visit us. They leave everything looking bright, fresh and new.  (Source: http://freestoriesforkids.com/children/stories-and-tales) New Words Word Meaning drift off damp soaring wandered in the blink of an eye palette stunned speechless nibbled I Speak Sit in groups of three for a picture-description activity. Describe any object shown in the picture to your group without naming it. The others will listen to the description and guess which object is being described. 5566

Divide your class into pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner. Then, share your combined thoughts with the class. Did the narrator actually have that adventure, or was it a dream? Have you ever had a dream that felt real? What happened? Listen and Say Aloud Words with two syllables – verbs (the second syllable is stressed) present decrease upset decide require reject rewrite increase Sentence Dictation 1) Listen to your teacher and write the sentences. a)  b)  c)  d)  e)  Adventures with the Fairies 57 A Good Play

Language Game Down Crossword puzzle 1) heavy rains and Solve the crossword puzzle with the help of the given hints. wind 1 2) a shiny light that we see before it 2 rains 3 Across 4 3) an arc of seven 5 colours after rains 4) a loud sound heard on rainy days 5) water falling from the sky Listening Audio 2) In which of these countries would you not find the King Cobra? [   ] a) Thailand b) Indonesia c) Philippines d) Afghanistan 3) How long does an average King Cobra grow? [   ] a) 13 feet b) 18 feet c) 20 feet d) 10 feet 4) Why is King Cobra considered to be one of the deadliest snakes? [   ] a) the sharpness of its fang b) the amount of poison in a single bite c) the number of times it bites d) the strength of its poison 5588

5) What do King Cobras feed on? [   ] a) other snakes b) small mammals [   ] c) lizards d) all of these 6) Why are King Cobras revered in India? a) They represent the Lord Shiva. b) They represent Lord Krishna. c) They represent Lord Karthikeya. d) They represent Lord Vishnu. Connect the Dots Maths Fun The narrator slept for 7 hours that night. How many minutes did she sleep for in all? Social Studies Fun Did you know that it rains on other planets as well? But the rain there is not made of water. It is made of other chemicals. A Note to Parent Enjoy the monsoons with your child by making paper boats and floating them together, appreciating this wonderful season. Monsoon treks can be great fun. Find places around your city where you could go for a monsoon trek with your child. Adventures with the Fairies 59 A Good Play

9Lesson A Musical Journey The World Around Us Warm Up • Do you like listening to music? What kind of music do you like? • Can you say what the seven notes in music are? Let us read a poem in which the poet realises that she loves classical music. I Read Classical music was the pits ? What does the Sa–re–ga–ma–pa–dha–ni poet do when her It was outdated and old fashioned mother asks her to What use was it to me? practise music? Mummy told me to practise I would run away to play That’s the pattern we followed Day after day, all the way. 6600

unenthusiastic One day we had visitors Mummy told me to sing screwed up I screwed up my face Unenthusiastic and unwilling. melodious Somehow I got started ? What kind of music And found it actually sounded fine is mentioned in the Sa-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni poem? The melodious voice was mine. Then I realised I love classical music It’s heavenly and divine. – Manjula Shukla New Words Word Meaning classical music pits screwed up unenthusiastic melodious heavenly divine A Musical Journey 61 A Good Play

Literature Comprehension A) Direct questions and answers 1) What did the poet think of classical music in the beginning? Ans.   2) What did the poet’s mother ask her to do when they had visitors? Ans.   3) What did the poet realise in the end? Ans.   B) Reference to context 4) ‘It was outdated and old fashioned What use was it to me?’ a) Who is the speaker of these lines? Ans.  b) What did the speaker think was useless? Ans.  c) What did the speaker do to avoid the thing that was outdated? Ans.  5) ‘I screwed up my face’ a) Why did the speaker screw up her face? Ans.  b) How does the speaker feel when she says this? Ans.  6622

c) What did the speaker do after this? Ans.  C) Answer the following 6) Fill in the blanks by choosing from the options given in the box below. play    divine    melodious    visitors    outdated a) The poet thought that classical music was ____________________ in the beginning. b) The poet was interested in ____________________ than music. c) The poet’s mother asked her to sing in front of ____________________. d) The poet felt that her voice was ____________________. e) In the end, the poet feels that classical music is ____________________. PR Vocabulary Q Crossword puzzle Art has different forms and expresses different ideas. In this lesson, the poet talks about the art of ‘classical music’. A few other examples of art are sculpture, pottery, drawing, weaving and so on. A Musical Journey 63 A Good Play

7) Use the clues given to solve the crossword puzzle below. ACROSS 3. the art of performing on stage or on television 4. the art of taking photographs DOWN 1. the art of making plates, bowls and other objects from clay 2. the art of using colours and brushes to create pictures 1 2 3 4 I Feel 8) Which art form interests you the most? Why? Ans.    6644

9) You will not know whether you can do something until you try it. Do you agree? Justify your answer with an example. Ans.     I Speak Collect information about any Indian musical instrument. Talk about it for two minutes in front of your class. Divide yourself into groups. Discuss how music plays an important role in our lives. Listen and Say Aloud Word Rhyming word Word Rhyming word play way, day sing unwilling fine - mine, divine - Word Dictation 10) Listen to your teacher and write the words. c) a) b) f) d) e) i) g) h) A Musical Journey 65 A Good Play

Language Game The adjective game You have 30 seconds to underline all the adjectives in the poem. The student who completes the activity the fastest and without any mistakes will be the winner. Ans.   Listening Audio 11) Why did the small dog sneak into the royal shed for elephants? Ans.   12) Whom did the elephant keeper sell the dog to? Ans.   13) What was the condition of the elephant after the dog was given away? Ans.    14) Who did the king send to check the elephant? Ans.   15) What was the declaration given out by the king to bring the dog back? Ans.    6666

Connect the Dots Maths Fun Nisha is a classical singer who practises singing for 3 hours a day. For how many hours does she practise in May if she doesn’t practise on the 4 Sundays of that month? Science Fun Our brains are divided into two parts – the left and the right. If you are right handed and good at numbers, it is the left side of your brain that is more powerful. In the same way, if you are left handed and creative, your right brain is more powerful. However, music is one of the things that need coordination between the right and left sides of the brain. You need the left side to help master notes and techniques. The right side helps with adding emotions and melody to a song. Left Brain Right Brain Logic Emotion Analysis Intuition Organisation Spirituality Administration Interpersonal skills Maths and Science Art and music Knowledge/facts Belief Detail ‘Big picture’ A Note to Parent Encourage your child to listen to classical music. Listening to soothing music is good for your child. Remember, they may not enjoy it unless you do. Devote some time of your day or week to music. A Musical Journey 67 A Good Play

10Lesson The Great Race Art and Culture Warm Up • D ifferent countries and cultures follow different calendars. The solar calendar is based on the Earth’s movement around the Sun, whereas the lunar calendar is based on the Moon’s movement around the Earth. Which calendar is followed the world over? • Do you know which calendar is followed while deciding the festival dates in India? Let us read an interesting story that will tell us why the Chinese calendar is named after twelve different animals. I Read zodiac Long ago, the Jade Emperor of China invited all the animals to a swimming race. He declared that the first twelve animals would each have a year of the zodiac named after them. All the animals lined up along the river bank. The rat and the cat were poor swimmers. They asked the strong ox to help them. ‘Of course’, said the kind ox. ‘Just climb on my back. I will take you across the river.’ 6688

They had almost reached the other bank when the rat pushed the cat into the water. Just as the ox was about to win the race, the rat leapt onto his head and then onto the bank to finish first. ‘Well done’, said the emperor to the proud rat. ‘The first year of the zodiac will be named after you.’ The poor ox had the second year of the zodiac named after him. Shortly after them, an exhausted tiger clawed his way to the river bank. The third year of the zodiac was named after him. exhausted The next to arrive was the rabbit. He had reached the shore by floating on a log. The Jade Emperor declared the fourth year after his name. Just then, a dragon swooped down to take fifth place. The emperor swooped asked, ‘Why didn’t you win the race when you can fly?’ ? Which are the ‘I needed to make rain for a few animals in the thirsty animals and people. Then, I story that were blew a puff of wind to help the kind and helpful? rabbit float to the river bank.’ puff ‘Well, that was very kind of you. You will have the fifth year of the zodiac named after you’, declared the emperor. T he next thing the Jade Emperor heard was the sound of the horse’s hooves. Suddenly, a sneaky snake wriggled out from sneaky around one of the horse’s hooves. hooves wriggled The horse was surprised and jumped backwards, giving the snake a chance to take the sixth place. The poor horse had to be satisfied with seventh place. Not long afterwards, a raft arrived, carrying the raft goat, the monkey and the rooster. The emperor said rooster that the goat would be the eighth zodiac animal. The monkey would be the ninth, and the rooster the tenth. The next animal to finish was the dog. His reward was to have the eleventh year named after him. There was only one place left in the zodiac. Finally, the emperor boar heard a grunt from the boar. ‘You took a long time to cross the river’, said the emperor to the boar. The Great Race 69 A Good Play

‘I was hungry and stopped to eat’, explained the According to the boar. ? story, why have ‘You have still done well’, said the emperor. ‘The cats and rats not last year of the zodiac will be named after you.’ been friends since the race? As for the cat, he was too late to have a year named after him. He felt very angry with the rat. Since then, cats have never been friends with rats. From that day onwards, the Chinese Zodiac has followed this cycle of years that was named after these twelve animals.  (Source: http://www.topmarks.co.uk/ChineseNewYear/ZodiacStory.apx) New Words Word Meaning Jade Emperor zodiac exhausted swooped puff hooves sneaky wriggled raft rooster boar 7700

Literature Comprehension A) Direct questions and answers 1) How did the rat reach the river bank first? Ans.   2) Why did the dragon not reach first even though it could fly? Ans.   3) Which animals arrived together on a raft? Ans.   B) Reference to context 4) ‘Just climb on my back. I will take you across the river.’ a) Who said this and to whom? Ans.  b) When did the speaker say this? Ans.  c) Where was the speaker when he said this? Ans.  5) ‘The last year of the zodiac will be named after you.’ a) Who says this? Ans.  b) To whom did the speaker say this? Ans.  c) Why did the speaker say this? Ans.  The Great Race 71 A Good Play

C) Answer the following ______________ 6) Write whether the statements are true or false. ______________ a) The rat cheated the ox and the cat in the swimming race. ______________ b) The rabbit reached the shore by a boat. ______________ c) The horse was disappointed upon not getting the sixth place. ______________ d) The eleventh year was named after the dog. e) The boar helped the cat cross the river. P R Vocabulary Q Feeling words Feeling words can be used to describe a person’s positive and negative feelings. A feeling is the state of a person’s emotions. For example: • You get annoyed when someone spills ink on your dress. • You are confused when you’re reading a book confused and don’t know what is going on. annoyed • You may get frightened when you see a big spider. • You may feel anxious before getting the results of your frightened exams. anxious 7) M atch the feeling words in the box to the given pictures. Also, write a sentence with each feeling word. surprised    nervous    elated    embarrassed a)  7722

b)  c)  d)  I Feel 8) Why is the snake called ‘sneaky’ in the story? Ans.    9) Which animal’s efforts do you appreciate the most in the story? Why? Ans.     The Great Race 73 A Good Play

I Speak This is an activity to help you to practise your speaking or conversational skills in English. Conversation 1 Act out the following situation with your partner in front of the class: Situation: Mahesh introduces his cousin Anand to his friend. Mahesh: Hello Zara, how are you? (greeting) Zara: Fine, thank you. How are you? Mahesh: I am fine too. (responding to the greeting) Mahesh: Zara, meet my cousin Anand. Anand, meet my friend Zara. Zara: How do you do? (responding to the first introduction) Anand: I am fine. How do you do? Mahesh: Zara, yesterday I saw your brother at the railway station. Was he going somewhere? Zara: No. He had gone to the station with my grandparents to help them to carry the luggage. Conversation 2 Enact the situation given below with your partner in front of the class. Situation: A conversation between a shopkeeper and a customer. Shopkeeper: How can I help you? Customer: Can you show me some shoes, please? Shopkeeper: Sure, which colour and size? Customer: Black. And size eight, I think. Shopkeeper: How about these shoes? Customer: They seem to fit well. Could you pack these shoes, please? Shopkeeper: Certainly! Here is your packet. Customer: Thank you! 7744

Make groups of three. Write a noun on a slip of paper and fold it. Then, exchange the slips with your group members. You have to speak on something related to the word on your slip for 30 seconds. Time each other to see who speaks for the longest time. Listen and Say Aloud Words with more than four syllables multiplication imagination generosity personality overpopulation identification responsibility enthusiastically Sentence Dictation 10) Listen to your teacher and write the sentences. a)  b)  c)  d)  e)  Language Game Which head is blowing fire? Dragons are a symbol of good luck in China. The dragon also represents the fifth year of the zodiac. Solve this dragon puzzle by matching the head that is blowing fire with the body. Once you finish it, write down as many words that you can think of that start with the letter ‘z’, e.g. ‘zodiac’. How many have you got? The Great Race 75 A Good Play

Ans.   Listening Audio 11) What did Trishanku desire? [    ] a) wealth c) to reach heaven when he dies b) to ascend bodily into heaven d) to get godly powers 7766

12) Why did Sage Vishwamitra decide to fulfil Trishanku’s desire? [    ] a) for the good turn he had done for Vishwamitra b) to get praises c) so that he will be worshipped d) for making him stop praying to Vishnu 13) What did Indra do to Trishanku? [    ] a) made Trishanku sit next to him b) threw him down from heaven c) adorned him with flowers d) made him ascend to heaven 14) What did Vishwamitra do to keep Trishanku from falling down? [    ] a) propped him up with a long pole b) placed a big cloth mid-air c) propped him up with a sword d) raised his hand and caught him 15) Which part of the coconut, according to the story, is Trishanku’s beard? [    ] a) the husk b) the inner part c) the nut d) the fibre Connect the Dots Maths Fun You learnt how to make tangrams in the previous grade. Look at the tangrams of the Chinese zodiac, and try making them on your own. The Great Race 77 A Good Play

Social Studies Fun China has the world’s largest population. Hence, the Chinese New Year is celebrated by one fifth of the world’s population! ‘Xinnian kuaile’ means ‘Happy New Year’ in Chinese. It is pronounced ‘shin nee-an kwai le’. 2017 is the year of the rooster, while 2018 is the year of the dog and 2019 is the year of the boar. A Note to Parent We follow the Gregorian calendar the world over. Familiarise your child with the local calendar used in your culture. It is important to remain connected with one’s heritage. 7788

11Lesson Black Beauty Animals and Plants Warm Up • Do you think that animals can be our best friends? Why or why not? • If you were an animal and could not speak, how would you warn your master about some danger? About the Writer Anna Sewell (1820–1878) was an English novelist. She is best known as the author of the 1877 novel Black Beauty. Black Beauty is considered to be one of the top-ten bestselling novels for children ever written. Let us read the story of a horse named Black Beauty and how he saved his master. I Read rails and woodwork One day, my master had to go on business. dog-cart I was put into the dog-cart, and John went with us. There had been a great deal of rain, and the wind was very high. We went along merrily till we came to the toll-bar and the low wooden bridge. The river banks were rather high, A Good Play 79

and the bridge went across just level. In the middle, if the river was full, the water would be nearly up to the woodwork and planks; but as there were good, strong rails on each side, people did not mind it. When we got to the town, the master’s business took him planks a long time, and we did not start for home till late. What did Black Beauty hear the The wind was much higher. I ? master tell John heard the master say to John when they started that he had never been out in for home? such a storm before. We went along the woods, where great storm branches were swaying about like twigs. It was dark by the time we got to the bridge. We could see that the water was over the middle of it; but as that happened sometimes, master did not stop. But the moment my feet touched the bridge, I felt sure there was something wrong. I dared not go forward, and I made a dead stop. twigs ‘Go on, Beauty’, said my master, and he gave me a touch with the whip, but I did not stir. He gave me a sharp cut but still I did not go forward. ‘There’s something wrong, Sir’, said John, and he sprang out of the dog-cart and looked all around. ‘Come on, Beauty, what’s the matter?’ Of course I could not tell him, but I knew very well that the bridge was not safe. Just then, the man at the toll gate on the other side ran out of the house, tossing a torch about like a mad man. ‘Stop!’ he cried. tossing ‘What’s the matter?’ shouted my master. ? Why did the man at the toll gate ‘The bridge is broken in the middle, and if you come stop them from on you’ll be into the river.’ going ahead? ‘Thank God!’ said my master. ‘You Beauty!’ said John, and took the bridle and gently turned me around. I trotted quietly along, the wheels hardly making a sound on the soft road. Master said that if I had gone on as he wanted, most bridle likely the bridge would have given way under us. trotted We all would have fallen into the river, and we would have drowned. given way 8800

As we reached the park gates, we saw a light at the hall door and mistress ran out, saying, ‘Are you really safe, my dear? Oh! I have been so worried.’ ‘If your Black Beauty had not been wiser than we were, we would all have been carried down the river at the wooden bridge.’ supper I heard no more, and John took me to the stable. stable bran Oh, what a good supper he gave me that night, a oats good bran mash and some crushed beans with my oats and a thick bed of straw. I was glad, for I was tired. – Adapted from Black Beauty by Anna Sewell New Words Word Meaning dog-cart toll-bar woodwork planks rails storm twigs tossing bridle trotted given way stable supper bran oats Black Beauty 81 A Good Play

I Speak Make groups of three. Change the story into a play. Write down the lines. You can also add more lines or add a twist to the story. Then, act out the play. Each member of the group will take up the roles of the master, John and Black Beauty. Sit in a circle with your teacher and classmates. Your teacher will provide you with a copy of the book, Black Beauty, from which the above story has been taken. Take turns to read the first part of the story about the birth of the baby horse that comes to be known as Black Beauty. Listen and Say Aloud Here is a tongue twister to practise the ‘ch’ and ‘w’ sounds. Try saying it aloud as fast as you can. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? Can you find a few words from the lesson that have the ‘ch’ and ‘w’ sounds? Word Dictation 1) Listen to your teacher and write the words. c) a) b) f) d) e) i) g) h) 8822

Language Game Let’s make alliterations! Six socks sit in a sink, soaking Alliteration is when you repeat a beginning sound in a group of words. in soapsuds. Example: Black Beauty did not barge onto the broken Cabbage Cricket Crunch bridge. Strawberry Salsa Swirl Divide your class into groups of three. Choose any three letters and make three alliterations using those letters. You can make fun sentences like the ones on the right! Listening Audio 2) Where does the owner of the woods live? Ans.   3) Why would the little horse think that there was some mistake? Ans.    4) What does the poet say about the woods? Ans.    5) What was special about that evening? Ans.   6) Write the line that is repeated in the poem. Ans.   Black Beauty 83 A Good Play

Connect the Dots Maths Fun The master and John gave Black Beauty a treat for saving their lives. They gave Black Beauty many green and red apples to eat. Use tally marks to find out how many green apples and red apples Black Beauty ate that night. Social Studies Fun Horses were tamed and domesticated 4,000 years ago. They were used mainly for transportation. This was because they were capable of moving much faster and further than humans. Nowadays, horses have been replaced by cars, tractors and other modes of transport. Horses are now raised as pets, companions and athletes for horse races. A Note to Parent Black Beauty has been considered to be a children’s book ever since it was written. However, the author meant for it to reach a wider audience. She wanted this book to act as a message that animals should not be treated cruelly but be given the love and respect that is given to any human being. Share this message with your child and ensure that he or she does not treat any animal with cruelty. Teach your child to have compassion for all living beings. 8844

12Lesson My Shadow Self, Family, Home, Friends Warm Up • Sometimes, when you are walking in the light, do you see something dark walking along with you? Do you know what it is called? • H ave you ever realised that its shape keeps changing? Do you know why that happens? About the Poet Robert Louis Stevenson (1850 –1894) was a famous writer and poet from Scotland. Two of his famous books are Treasure Island and Kidnapped. He has also written many fun poems for children. Let us read a poem about what a child has to say about this. I Read I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me, ? Who is ‘very very And what can be the use of him is more than I can see. like’ the child in He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head; the poem? And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed. A Good Play 85

The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow, ? What is the funniest Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow. thing about the For he sometimes shoots up taller like an India-rubber ball, shadow? And he sometimes gets so little there’s none of him at all. He hasn’t got a notion of how children ought to play, nursie And can only make a fool of me in every sort of way. He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward you can see; I’d think shame to stick to nursie as that shadow sticks to me! coward One morning, very early, before the Sun was up, buttercup I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup. But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant sleepy-head, Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed. dew – Robert Louis Stevenson New Words Word Meaning India-rubber ball notion ought coward nursie dew buttercup arrant 8866

Literature Comprehension A) Direct questions and answers 1) Mention two things that the shadow does with the child in the poem. Ans.    2) Why does the child call his shadow a coward? Ans.    3) What did the shadow do when the child got up before the Sun? Ans.    B) Reference to context 4) ‘And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed.’ a) Who does ’him’ refer to in these lines? Ans.  b) Who does ‘me’ refer to in these lines? Ans.  c) What is the speaker trying to say in this line? Ans.  5) ‘For he sometimes shoots up taller like an India-rubber ball,’ a) Who does ‘he’ refer to? Ans.  My Shadow 87 A Good Play

b) How does the child feel in this stanza? Ans.  c) What comparison does the child make in this line? Ans.   C) Answer the following 6) Complete the sentences based on the ideas expressed in the poem. a) In the first stanza, the child feels that the shadow is ______. Ans.  b) In the second and third stanzas, the child compares a shadow to the ______. Ans.  c) The child is amused when he sees ______. Ans.  d) In the third stanza, the child sounds annoyed with the shadow because ______. Ans.  e) In the fourth stanza, the child does not have a shadow because ______. Ans.  P R Vocabulary Q Synonyms Synonyms are words that are similar or have a related meaning to each other. You need to choose an appropriate synonym carefully, as they are not all the same. Examples: • beautiful: pretty, lovely •  funny: humorous, comical • intelligent: smart, bright •  honest: sincere, truthful 7) Write a synonym for each of the words that have been underlined in the sentences. a) The old artefacts were on display in the museum.  _____________________________ 8888

b) The old house has been empty for many years.  _____________________________ c) My neighbours are very kind.  _____________________________ d) It was a hard task, so he had to work more. _____________________________ I Feel 8) Why do you think the shadow did not go along with the child very early before the Sun rose? Ans.     9) What does the child feel about sticking close to his nurse or caretaker? Why do you think he feels this way? Ans.     I Speak In a few cultures, it was considered unlucky to see one’s shadow while looking at the mirror. In Egyptian culture, the shadow of a person under an umbrella was considered lucky. A shadow is formed by light. When an object doesn’t allow light to pass through it, a shadow forms. This is the scientific explanation for how shadows are formed. However, when people do not understand something, superstitions are born. My Shadow 89 A Good Play

A superstition is something that people do because they believe it is lucky or unlucky. There is often no scientific reason for the belief or practice. For example, the fear of Friday the 13th is a popular superstition. Do you know of superstitions from your culture? Sit in groups of five and share the popular superstitions that you are aware of. Try to think about how these superstitions may have developed. In the poem ‘My Shadow’, the child describes how he spends his time by playing with the shadow. Divide your class into pairs. Ask questions to each other about the fun things that you do by yourselves. Listen and Say Aloud Word Rhyming word Word Rhyming word me see ball all head bed play way grow slow up buttercup Sentence Dictation 10) Listen to your teacher and write the sentences. a)  b)  c)  d)  e)  9900

Language Game Which is the correct shadow? Match the correct shadow to the picture. Once you are done, list as many words that you can think of that begin with the sound ‘sh’. How many did you get? Listening Audio 11) How many islands together make the Lakshadweep islands? [    ] a) 36 b) 34 c) 24 d) 28 12) How many among these islands are populated? [    ] a) 10 b) 32 c) 15 d) 25 13) What was Lakshadweep formerly called? [    ] a) Minicoy b) Seychelles c) Laccadives d) Lakh Deeps 14) Which is the biggest of all the Lakshadweep islands? [    ] a) Port Blair b) Kavaratti c) Minicoy d) Mahim 15) Which of the following languages is mentioned in the passage you  [    ] heard? a) English b) Malayalam c) Hindi d) Muslim My Shadow 91 A Good Play

Connect the Dots Maths Fun If there are 5 men, 3 women, 2 children and 6 dogs standing in a dark room, how many shadows will you see? Social Studies Fun Do you know what an eclipse is? It is shadows at play. A shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon results in a lunar eclipse. Similarly, a shadow cast by the Moon on the Earth results in a solar eclipse. A Note to Parent Do you remember having fun with shadows in a dimly lit room? Relive the experience with your child by doing some shadow play with your hands. 9922

13Lesson The Herculean Task Art and Culture Warm Up • According to you, what qualities should a hero have? • If you were a hero, what qualities would you like to have? Let us read a story about the ‘hero’ of Rome, Hercules, who was famous for his strength and his love of adventure. I Read King Eurystheus was worried. Hercules had proven his courage and strength by completing the ten previous difficult tasks that had been given to him. He was becoming popular. People had started calling him a hero. ‘The next task must be even more dangerous and challenging’, thought the king. ‘It is important that he loses so that the countrymen can see me as their hero again.’ King Eurystheus called Hercules to his court and congratulated him. He set him the challenge of getting golden apples from the Garden of the Hesperides. nymph Hercules set out in pursuit of this new pursuit challenge, and on the way, he met a beautiful nymph. He asked her for help. A Good Play 93

She told him to seek the old ? Who guided man of the sea, who was the Hercules at the best navigator. ‘But there is one beginning of the condition – you need to hold challenge? him tight. It is difficult to maintain navigator a grip on him. He can change forms’, warned the nymph. Hercules found the old man sleeping on the shore. He quietly moved towards him and held on to him tight before he could react. The old man woke up, startled. ‘Who are you?’ he screamed. ‘I am Hercules. I need your help to show me the way to the Garden of startled the Hesperides.’ The old man struggled to get free. However, Hercules held on even tighter. The old man turned himself into a deer. He then turned into a kraken – a sea monster resembling a giant octopus. He tried to scare Hercules but failed every time. Garden of the Finally, the old man told him about the kraken Hesperides Hesperides, who were the goddesses of the evening. He said that the golden apples were in a garden on an island. To get to the island, Hercules would need to take the help of Antaeus, who was a short- tempered man. Hercules thanked the old man. After some time, he met Antaeus. ‘What do you want from me?’ yelled Antaeus. ‘I want you to show me the way to the Garden of the Hesperides.’ ‘How dare you?’ Antaeus was angry. He attacked Hercules. Ladon Hercules fought back and lifted Antaeus high up in the air. Antaeus got scared. ‘Please put me down. I will answer all your questions.’ Antaeus told him that the ? Who guarded the Garden of the mythology Garden of the Hesperides was Hesperides? guarded by a never-sleeping, hundred-headed dragon named Ladon. Only Atlas could enter the garden and take the golden apples. According to Roman mythology, it was believed that Atlas had been carrying the weight of the Earth on his shoulders for over a thousand years. 9944

Hercules knew that convincing Atlas would be next to impossible. So, on his way, he thought of a plan. He also knew that Atlas hated carrying the Earth on his shoulders. When Hercules reached the Garden, he said, ‘I salute you, Atlas. You have been holding the Earth for so long.’ ‘I am so tired’, exclaimed Atlas. ‘I can help you to ease the load for some time. You only Atlas have to get me three golden apples from the Garden of the Hesperides’, offered Hercules. Atlas agreed and brought back the golden apples for Hercules. He could do anything for some rest. ‘You are great, Atlas! It is quite a tough task to hold the Earth’, said Hercules. When Hercules returned with the three golden apples, the king was shocked and nearly fainted. New Words Word Meaning adventure courage Garden of the Hesperides pursuit nymph navigator startled short-tempered mythology fainted The Herculean Task 95 A Good Play

Literature Comprehension A) Direct questions and answers 1) Why did the king want Hercules to lose a challenge? Ans.   2) How did the nymph help Hercules? Ans.   3) Who was standing outside the gate of the garden? What did Hercules offer to do for him? Ans.   B) Reference to context 4) ‘Who are you?’ a) Who said this and to whom? Ans.  b) What was the speaker’s feeling when he said this and why? Ans.  c) Why did the speaker say these words? Ans.  5) ‘I want you to show me the way to the Garden of the Hesperides.’ a) Who is the speaker? Ans.  b) Who is being spoken to? Ans.  c) How does the listener react? Ans.  9966