NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt

Drill Time 9.1 Repeated Subtraction 1) Find using repeated subtraction. a) 16 ÷ 4 b) 18 ÷ 9 c) 20 ÷ 5 d) 32 ÷ 8 e) 10 ÷ 2 2) Find using a number line. a) 18 ÷ 2 b) 21 ÷ 3 c) 10 ÷ 5 d) 12 ÷ 2 e) 16 ÷ 2 3) Word problems a) 26 students are to be grouped equally in 2 groups. How many students will be there in each group? b) 14 pens must be distributed equally among 7 children. How many pens will each child get? A Note to Parent Engage your child in the activities that involve division in day-to-day life at home. For example, dividing chapatis amongst all on a dinner table, splitting pocket money or some chocolates with his or her siblings, putting flowers in vases and so on. Division 97 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 101 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM

10Chapter Measurement I Will Learn About • measurement of length and distance using uniform units. • comparison of two or more objects by their weights. • use of the simple balance to compare weights. • the order of containers based on their capacities. 10.1 Measure Lengths Using Non-standard Units I Think Raj and his mother decided to measure the length of a table. They measured using their cubits. Do you think that they will get the same number of cubits? I Recall We have learnt to compare the lengths of objects. Let us recall the same. 98 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 102

Tick the tallest tree and cross the shortest. Tick the longest insect and cross the shortest. We have also learnt to measure the lengths of objects using hand span. Measurement 99 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 103 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM

Complete the given table. Measuring the length of Number of hand Object the objects spans I Remember and Understand We can also use our palm, foot Hand span and cubit are used to and pace to measure lengths. measure small lengths. Foot and pace are used to measure longer lengths. 100 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 104

Hand span Cubit Foot Pace Example 1: Measure these objects with the help of cubits. Write the number of cubits. One is done for you. Object Measuring the length Number of cubits 3 Measurement 101 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 105 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM

We can measure the lengths of long objects using some shorter objects. Example 2: Measure these objects with the given smaller object. One is done for you. a) The paint brush is 6 paper clips long. b) The notebook is _________ erasers long. c) T he chocolate bar is _________ sharpeners long. d) The pen is _________ crayons long. ? Train My Brain Write the lengths of the objects using the given smaller objects. a) b) c) 102 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 106

I Apply We measure the lengths of various objects in our daily life. Let us see a few examples. Example 3: Measure the lengths of the objects as directed. Write the measurement values in this table. Object Measure a) Length of a textbook Length of a TV stand Measured using Length of a window hand span b) Length of a table Height of a table Measured using Edge of a chair cubit Length of a rack c) Length of a mat Width of a mat Measured using Length of a blanket foot Width of a blanket Measured using pace d) Length of your class room Width of your class room Measurement 103 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 107 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM

Example 4: Tick the most suitable non-standard unit to measure the lengths of the following objects. One is done for you. Object Hand span Cubit Book  Blackboard Laptop Bed I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Estimation of lengths and distances Sometimes, we need not know the exact length of an object. A value closer to the actual value will be enough. In such cases, we guess the lengths and distances. To guess the values is called estimation. Let us now understand estimation of lengths. Example 5: Estimate the lengths of the given objects using your hands and feet. Write the values in a table. Check if your guess is close to the actual measure. a) Maths textbook b) Lunch box c) Water bottle d) Desk e) Duster f) Teacher’s table g) Class cupboard h) Height of your classroom door 104 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 108

Solution: Estimate length Actual length Object a) Maths textbook b) Lunch box c) Water bottle d) Desk e) Duster f) Teacher’s table g) Class cupboard h) H eight of your classroom door 10.2 Comparing Mass and Volume by Estimation I Think Raj knows about heavier and lighter objects. He also knows about the simple balance. His mother told him to find the weight of some fruits using marbles on a simple balance. How can Raj find them? I Recall We have learnt how to tell between the heavy and light objects using a simple balance. Let us answer the following to recall the same. Tick the object that is heavy and cross the object that is light. Measurement 105 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 109 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM

Simple balance Objects 106 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 110

I Remember and Understand Weight/Mass The pan with the heavier object on the simple balance We can also compare the weights of goes down. The pan with the multiple objects using a simple balance. lighter object goes up. Example 6: Fill in the blanks with the correct numbers. One is done for you. 1 watermelon is heavier than 3 oranges. ____ torches are lighter than ____ laptop. Measurement 107 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 111 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM

____ cube is lighter than ____ teddy bears. ____ football is heavier than ____ cricket balls. Example 7: Choose the correct word from the brackets. One is done for you. 1 cricket bat is heavier (heavier/ lighter) than 5 bananas. 108 11/30/2017 4:56:26 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 112

2 hens are ______________ (heavier/lighter) than 1 dog. 1 crab is ______________ (heavier/ lighter) than 2 fish. 3 bricks are ______________ (heavier/lighter) than 3 books. Volume/Capacity Different containers can hold different quantities of water or milk or oil. Let us see an example. Example 8: Tick the vessel/container that can hold more water. One is done for you. Measurement 109 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 113 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM

 110 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 114

? Train My Brain Compare the weights of these objects and fill in the blanks. a) b) ______ apples are heavier ______ carrots are lighter than ______ tomatoes. than ______ teapot. I Apply When the objects on both the pans of a simple balance weigh the same, both the pans are at the same level. Example 9: Fill in the blanks with the correct number. One is done for you. 2 cabbages weigh as much as 1 pumpkin. Measurement 111 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 115 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM

____ apples weigh as much as ____ mango. ____ oranges weigh as much as ____ capsicums. ____ apples weigh as much as ____ basketball. Example 10: Compare and write 1, 2, 3 and 4 below the following vessels. Write 1 for the vessel that holds the least quantity of water. Write 4 for the vessel that holds the most quantity of water. One is done for you. 112 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 116

4 31 2 Measurement 113 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 117 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM

I Explore (H.O.T.S.) We can guess some objects to be heavier than or lighter than the given objects. Let us see an example. Example 11: Fill in the blanks with the name of an object that is heavier or lighter than the given object. One is done for you. a) A spoon is lighter than a cricket bat. b) A pineapple is heavier than a __________. c) A feather is lighter than a __________ . 114 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 118

d) A helmet is heavier than a ______________ . Maths Munchies A Lick was used by the Greeks to measure the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the index finger. Hand span, cubit, pace and lick are non-standard units of measurements of length or distance as they differ from person to person. Connect the Dots English Fun Let us read the poem aloud: We don’t have a ruler, but it’s okay, We can measure things another way. What do you see around the room, to help us measure this really long broom. I see pencil, I see cubes, I see many things that we can use. The broom is 15 pencils and 50 cubes tall. This is non-standard measurement for you all. Measurement 115 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 119 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM

EVS Fun A blue whale can weigh as much as 30 elephants and be as long as 3 large buses. Drill Time 10.1 Measure Lengths Using Non-standard Units 1) Find the lengths of the objects with the help of the given smaller objects. a) b) c) d) 116 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 120

10.2 Comparing Mass and Volume by Estimation 2) Choose the correct word from the brackets. 4 books are 3 potatoes are 1 toy car is ___________ ____________ ____________ (heavier/lighter) (heavier/lighter) (heavier/lighter) than 2 soda cans. than 1 helmet. than 3 bulbs. 3) Fill in the blanks with the correct numbers. ____ apples weigh ____ potatoes weigh ____ cricket balls as much as ____ as much as ____ weigh as much as oranges. tomatoes. ____ football. 4) Write 1 for the object that holds the least quantity of water. Write 4 for the object that holds the most quantity of water. Measurement 117 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 121 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM

A Note to Parent Help your child to make a simple balance using a stick, thread and paper plates. He or she can use it to compare the weights of their play things. This will enhance their understanding of weights and the use of a simple balance. 118 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 122

11Chapter DHaatnadling I Will Learn About • reading a pictograph. • presenting information through a pictograph. 11.1 Pictographs I Think Raj saw fruits of different colours in a basket. He wanted to count the number of fruits of each colour. How should Raj note them down? I Recall Let us recall the concepts that we have already learnt. Data: A series of facts collected for some particular use is called data. Collection: A group of objects or items taken together is called a collection. Maths_TVL_G2_TB_Page 119.pdf 1 119 12/8/2017 4:06:52 PM

Arun has some toys with him as shown in this picture. Observe his collection and answer the questions. Cars Cars Bus Truck Cycle Bus Bike a) How many toys does Arun have? [ ] b) Which toy is maximum in number? [ ] c) Which toys are minimum in number? [ ] d) How many toy cars does Arun have? [ ] e) How many toy buses does Arun have? [ ] I Remember and Understand In class 1, we have learnt to make collections. We showed a collection by drawing pictures of the given things. 120 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 124

Consider the following examples of collections: 1) List of students in a class whose names begin with the letter ‘S’. List of students in a class whose names begin with the letter ‘S’. S. No. Name of the Student 1) Sampath Kumar 2) Sai Nikilesh 3) Srikanth 4) Sharath Chandra 5) Suraj 6) Saritha 7) Sowjanya 8) Sukanya 2) List of people with their phone numbers. List of people with their phone numbers S. No. Name of the person Phone number 1) Sharath Chandra 9246070416 2) Saritha 9413820164 3) Sukanya 9964712741 4) Suraj 9347938472 5) Sowjanya 9834562366 3) List of different types of dresses. List of different dresses S. No. Dress Number of dresses 1) 2) Frocks 5 3) Jeans 9 T-shirts 4 Data Handling 121 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 125 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM

In the same way, a) make a list of the objects in your school bag. b) make a list of things you take on a picnic. Making a list of items may take a lot of time if there are many items. Hence, it is necessary to use a pictograph. A key on a pictograph tells us how many objects Pictograph: Listing the different data items each picture stands for. using picture symbols is called a Pictograph. To read a pictograph, we: a) look at the given key. b) multiply the given number of pictures with the value of the key. Consider these examples. Example 1: If = 10 strawberries, then means how many strawberries? Solution: = 10 strawberries (Given). So, = 3 × 10 strawberries = 30 strawberries Example 2: If = 4 cupcakes, then means how many cupcakes? Solution: = 4 cupcakes (Given) So, = 2 × 4 cupcakes = 8 cupcakes Example 3: The number of cakes baked in a week is given in a pictograph. Observe the given pictograph and answer the questions. 122 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 126

Key: = 5 cakes Day of the week Number of cakes baked in the week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday a) How many cakes were baked on Thursday? b) On which day were the highest number of cakes baked? c) On which day were the least number of cakes baked? d) How many cakes were baked on Wednesday? Solution: a) Number of cakes baked on Thursday = 1 =1 × 5 cakes = 5 cakes Data Handling 123 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 127 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM

b) The highest number of symbols given is for Sunday. So, the highest number of cakes were baked on Sunday. c) The least number of symbols given is for Thursday. So, the least number of cakes were baked on Thursday. d) T he number of symbols given for Wednesday is 3. So, the number of cakes baked on Wednesday is 3 × 5 cakes = 15 cakes. ? Train My Brain Your class plans to watch a movie. The teacher asks you to pick a symbol and a key. The number of students who want to watch each movie is given. Make a pictograph based on the data given. 14 children voted for The Little Mermaid. 10 children voted for The Toy Story. 12 children voted for Inside Out. 8 children voted for Bolt. I Apply Let us learn more about pictographs through these examples. Example 4: The number of students in a class having pets is given in the pictograph. Understand it and answer the questions. Key: 1 = 4 students, 1 = 2 students 124 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 128

Pet Number of students a) How many students are present in the class? b) How many students have a pet dog? c) How many students have a pet cat? d) Which pet does the maximum number of students have? e) Which pet does the minimum number of students have? Solution: a) 1 = 4 students So, 10 = 4 × 10 students = 40 students = 2 students Data Handling 125 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 129 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM

So, 3 = 6 students S o, the total number of students present in the class = 40 + 6 = 46 students. b) 1 = 4 students So, 3 = 3 × 4 students = 12 students 1 = 2 students So, number of students who have a pet dog = 12 + 2 = 14. c) 1 = 4 students So, 2 = 2 × 4 students = 8 students 1 = 2 students So, the number of students who have a pet cat = 8 + 2 = 10. d) T he maximum number of symbols is given for the dog. So, most of the students have dogs as pets. e) T he minimum number of symbols is given for the fish. So,the least number of students have fish as pets. Example 5: The given pictograph shows the grades that students of Class 2 got in an exam. Read the pictograph and complete the table. Key: = 2 students; = 1 student A+: Excellent, A: Very Good, B+: Good B: Fair, C: Better, D: Satisfactory, F: Fail 126 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 130

Exam results of the students of Class 2 Grade Students Number of students A+ A B+ B C D F Total a) How many students are there in the class? b) How many grades are there? c) How many students failed in the exam? d) How many students got A+ grade? e) W hich grade is obtained by the most number of the students? Data Handling 127 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 131 11/30/2017 4:56:27 PM

Solution: a) Grade A+ A B+ B C D F Total Number of 6 9 13 8 7 4 1 48 students There are 48 students in the class. b) There are 7 grades. c) 1 student failed in the exam. d) 6 students got A+ grade. e) Maximum number of students got the B+ grade. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) We have learnt how to read a pictograph. Now, let us learn how to draw a pictograph when data is given. Example 6: The number of flower pots sold by a nursery in one day are: 12 Marigolds 21 Jasmines 9 Tulips 6 Daisies 6 Lilies Represent the data in the form of a pictograph. Key: = 3 flower pots Solution: = 3 flower pots 12 ÷ 3 = 4; 21 ÷ 3 = 7; 9 ÷ 3 = 3; 6 ÷ 3 = 2; 6 ÷ 3 = 2 128 11/30/2017 4:56:28 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 132

Flower pots sold on a day Marigold Jasmine Tulip Daisy Lily Maths Munchies Pictographs are also known as pictograms. They are not only used in Maths but also in other subjects. Their use started many years ago when pictures were the main form of writing. n Connect the Dots EVS Fun Make a list of the students in your class who come to school by bus, bicycle and auto rickshaw. Do you think we can use a pictograph to decide the mode of transportation used the most? English Fun Did you know that the word ‘pictograph’ comes from the Latin language? ‘Picto’ means picture and ‘graph’ means writing. Data Handling 129 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 133 11/30/2017 4:56:28 PM

Drill Time 11.1 Pictographs Solve the following: 1) The pictograph shows the number of students in each group. Use the pictograph to answer the questions. Key: 1 = 5 students Group Number of students Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 130 11/30/2017 4:56:28 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 134

a) Which group has the maximum number of students? b) How many students are there in Group 4? c) Which group has 20 students? 2) The pictograph shows the number of sharpeners with each student of Grade 2. Use the pictograph to answer the questions. Key: 1 = 2 sharpeners and = 1 sharpener Name of the Number of sharpeners student Rita Sunita Rakesh a) Who has the minimum number of sharpeners? b) How many sharpeners are there in all? c) Who has eight sharpeners? 3) The pictograph shows the number of toffees each child ate. Use the pictograph to answer the questions. Name of the child Number of toffees Vinay Data Handling 131 NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 135 11/30/2017 4:56:28 PM

Name of the child Number of toffees Suresh Mahesh Reena Key: 1 = 3 toffees a) Who ate the minimum number of toffees? b) Which child ate three toffees? c) Who ate the maximum number of toffees? A Note to Parent Let your child help you in planning his or her coming birthday celebration. To decide the menu, help your child make a list of the dish each guest likes. Let him or her then record the results and draw a pictograph. 132 11/30/2017 4:56:28 PM NR_BGM_Traveller-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_Txt.pdf 136