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Train My Brain Convert the following: a) 8 ℓ into mℓ b) 34 ℓ 420 mℓ into mℓ c) 15 ℓ into mℓ 11.3 I Apply Let us solve some real-life examples where conversion of units, addition and subtraction of volumes are used. Example 21: Seema has a 2 ℓ packet of milk. How many mℓ of milk does she have? Solution: Quantity of milk that Seema has = 2 ℓ As 1 ℓ = 1000 mℓ, 2 ℓ = 2 × 1000 = 2000 m ℓ. Therefore, Seema has 2000 mℓ of milk. Example 22: The capacity of a tank is 20 litres. The volume of water in the tank is 13 litres. How much more water is needed to fill the tank? Solution: The capacity of the tank = 20 litres ℓ mℓ 1 10 Volume of water in the tank = 13 litres 2\ 0\ Quantity of water needed to fill the tank = 20 litres – 13 − 1 3 litres = 7 litres 0 7 Therefore, the quantity of water needed to fill the tank is 7 litres. 11.3 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us see the use of standard units of volumes in a few real-life situations. Example 23: Chandu, the milkman has only 5 ℓ and 3 ℓ measures. How will he sell 4 ℓ of milk to Gita? (Hint: Find the difference between 5 ℓ and 3 ℓ) Measurement 195 Ch_11.indd 195 1/12/2017 12:48:13 AM

Solution: Chandu first pours milk in 5ℓ measure. He then transfers some of it into the 3 ℓ measure. Then the quantity of milk left in the 5ℓ measure is 2 ℓ. This 2 ℓ milk can be transferred into Gita’s vessel. He repeats the same procedure once more. Thus, he sells 4ℓ of milk to Gita. Example 24: A container has some juice. A glass has a capacity of 200 mℓ. How many glasses of juice must be poured to have 2 ℓ of juice? Solution: Capacity of the glass = 200 mℓ Quantity of juice needed = 2 ℓ = 2 × 1000 mℓ = 2000 mℓ 2000 = 200 × 10 Therefore, 10 glasses of juice must be poured to make 2 ℓ. Maths Munchies The blood in our body also has a unit of measurement called ‘pint’ or ‘unit’. 2 3 1 An adult body contains 8 to 10 pints of blood. 1 pint is equal to 473 mℓ. Therefore, our body has 3784 mℓ to 4730 mℓ of blood. Connect the Dots Social Studies Fun India measures about 3,200 kilometres from north to south. The length from the west to the east is about 2,900 kilometres. 196 Ch_11.indd 196 1/12/2017 12:48:13 AM

Science Fun Dwarf Willow is one of the smallest woody plants in the world. It grows to only 1 to 6 cm in height. It has round, shiny green leaves 1 to 2 cm long and broad A Note to Parent Ask your child to weigh different things present at home such as a pencil, flower vase or utensils. This will help them to form a clear understanding of lighter and heavier with respect to the usage of mg, g and kg. Drill Time 11.1: Conversion of Standard Units of Length 1) Convert into centimetres. a) 3 m b) 9 m c) 2 m 45 cm d) 5 m 20 cm e) 8 m 36 cm 2) Convert into metres. a) 4 km b) 15 km c) 5 km 555 m d) 6 km 112 m e) 1 km 100 m 3) Solve the following: a) 24 m 13 cm + 13 m 45 cm b) 31 m 00 cm + 18 m 59 cm c) 10 km 100 m + 20 km 200 m d) 88 km 100 m − 10 km 800 m e) 26 m 14 cm – 20 m 10 cm Measurement 197 Ch_11.indd 197 1/12/2017 12:48:13 AM

Drill Time 4) Word Problem a) Roopa’s house and the places close to it are shown on the map. 2 km 2 km Railway station Playground Market 1 km 2 km Roopa’s house 4 km 5 km 2 km 4 km Post office Airport School 6 km 3 km Study the map and answer these questions. a) The shortest route from Roopa’s house to the market is via __________ and is __________ km. a) The shortest route from Roopa’s house to the airport is _________ km. b) What is the shortest route from post office to the market? d) Roopa went to post office from school. What is the distance she travelled? 11.2: Conversion of Standard Units of Weight 5) Convert into grams a) 14 kg b) 29 kg c) 14 kg 300 g d) 75 kg 226 g e) 10 kg 112 g 198 Ch_11.indd 198 1/12/2017 12:48:15 AM

Drill Time 6) Solve the following: a) 28 kg 421 g + 30 kg 232 g b) 42 kg 876 g + 31 kg 111 g c) 44 kg 444 g – 22 kg 222 g d) 43 g 230 mg - 11 g 100 mg 7) Word Problem a) Maya bought these vegetables. Brinjal – 2 kg 250 g; Onion – 1 kg 750 g; Potato – 1 kg 250 g Find the total weight of vegetables in her bag. 11.3: Conversion of Standard Units of Volume 8) Convert into millilitres a) 13 ℓ b) 28 ℓ c) 13 ℓ 400 mℓ d) 64 ℓ 206 mℓ e) 14 ℓ 142 mℓ 9) Solve the following: a) 28 ℓ 421 mℓ + 40 ℓ 262 mℓ b) 41 ℓ 836 mℓ + 41 ℓ 113 mℓ c) 30 ℓ 320 mℓ + 20 ℓ 300 mℓ d) 33 ℓ 530 mℓ - 11 ℓ 300 mℓ e) 66 ℓ 666 mℓ – 44 ℓ 444 mℓ 10) Word Problem a) Aarthi has a jug with some buttermilk. She uses glasses which can hold 150 mℓ. How many glasses must she fill so that she has 3 ℓ of buttermilk? Measurement 199 Ch_11.indd 199 1/12/2017 12:48:15 AM

D Data Handlingata Handling I Will Learn Concept 12.1: Record Data Using Tally Marks CH_12.indd 200 1/12/2017 11:01:09 PM

Concept 12.1: Record Data Using Tally Marks I Think Neena made a table of the things that her mother bought for her. From the table she could tell how many of each thing her mother has bought. Do you know how? To answer this, we must know to arrange data in the form of a table. 12.1 I Recall We know how to answer the questions based on the data in a given table. Let us revise the concept by studying the following table. The number of students of a class who like different types of chocolate is given in the table. Name of the No. of students chocolate Jelly 3 5 Star 6 Éclairs 5 Melody 4 a) How many students are present in the class? [ ] (A) 13 (B) 18 (C) 15 (D) 20 b) How many students like Éclairs? [ ] (A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 4 Data Handling 201 CH_12.indd 201 1/12/2017 11:01:10 PM

c) Which type of chocolate is liked by four students? [ ] (A) Jelly (B) 5 Star (C) Éclairs (D) Melody d) How many students like jelly? [ ] (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 5 e) Which chocolate is liked by most of the students? [ ] (A) Jelly (B) 5 Star (C) Eclairs (D) Melody 12.1 I Remember and Understand Let us now learn to make a table when data is given. The data given can be arranged in the form of a table. We first identify different items in the data and list them out in the first column of the table. To represent 5 items In the second column, the number of items is denoted we draw 4 vertical by drawing a vertical line (⎮). This vertical line is called lines and cross them the tally mark. with the fifth line. ( ) In the third column, we write the count of these tally marks. Let us see a few examples to understand the concept better. Example 1: Seema bought the following fruits: banana, apple, watermelon, mango, mango, apple, watermelon, apple, banana, banana, apple, mango, watermelon, mango, banana, mango, mango. How many of each fruit did Seema buy? Represent the data in the form of a table using tally marks. Solution: Fruit Tally marks Number Apple |||| 4 Banana |||| 4 Watermelon ||| 3 Mango |||| | 6 202 CH_12.indd 202 1/12/2017 11:01:11 PM

Example 2: The months in which the birthdays some of children fall are as given. Heena – January, Sheena – March, Yash – March, Harsh – January, Hemal – February, Jinal – August, Jihaan – December, Asmita – January, Chetana – August Use tally marks to represent this information in a table. Solution: Birthday month Tally marks Number of children January ||| 3 February | 1 March || 2 August || 2 December | 1 Train My Brain The colours of different frocks owned by Rashi are: yellow, pink, blue, green, yellow, red, pink, blue, blue, red, yellow, red, blue, pink, red, yellow. Represent this data in the form of a table using tally marks. Colours Tally marks Number 12.1 I Apply Let us see some real-life examples where we represent data using tally marks. Example 3: The different types of ice-cream in Raj’s shop are as follows: Cones: 14 Small cups: 9 Medium cups: 6 Large cups: 11 Tubs: 5 Data Handling 203 CH_12.indd 203 1/12/2017 11:01:11 PM

Represent this data in a table using tally marks. From the table, find the type of ice cream that is: a) maximum in number. b) less in number than medium cups. c) more in number than small cups but less in number than cones . Solution: We can represent data in a table using tally marks as: Ice cream Tally marks Number \ \ \ 14 Cones |||||||||||| \ \ Small cups |||||||| 9 \ \ ||||| 6 Medium cups \ \ \ \ Large cups |||||||| | 11 \ \ Tubs |||| 5 So, a) Cones b) Tubs c) Large cups Example 4: Nandu asked each boy and girl of his class as to how they come to school. He noted their answers as shown below: Heena – Bus, Raju – On foot, Pooja – Auto, Reena – On foot, Sheela – Bus, Rohan – On foot, Rahul – Bicycle, Ajay – On foot, Neha – Auto, Hema – Bus, Arun – Bicycle, Komal – On foot, Anil – Bus, Anita – Auto, Soham – Bicycle Represent this data in a table using tally marks. 204 CH_12.indd 204 1/12/2017 11:01:11 PM

Solution: Tally marks Number of children \ On foot ||| | 5 Bus ||| | 4 Auto ||| 3 Bicycle ||| 3 12.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Example 5: The different sizes of T-shirts in a shop are as follows: Small, Large, XXXL, Small, Small, 34, XXXL, Small, XXXL, Large, 34, XXXL, Medium, 34, XXXL, Large, Small, Large, 34, Medium, XXXL, Small, Large, 34, 34, XXXL, Small, XXXL, Medium, 34, Small, XXXL, Small, XXXL, 34, Small, XXXL, 34, Large, Small, XXXL, 34, Small, Small, Medium, XXXL, Large, XXXL, Large, XXXL, 34 Represent this data in a table using tally marks. From the table, find the size of the T-shirt that is: a) 3 more in number if we add the medium and the large sizes together. b) less in number than the large size shirts. c) more in number than medium size shirts but less in number than the ‘34’ size shirts. Solution: Size of T-Shirt Tally marks Number \ \ Small ||||||||||| 13 Medium |||| 4 \ Large ||||||| 8 \ \ 34 |||||||| | 11 \ \ \ XXXL |||| |||| |||| 15 a) XXXL b) Medium c) Large Data Handling 205 CH_12.indd 205 1/12/2017 11:01:11 PM

Example 6: The number of two-wheelers, three-wheelers and four-wheelers are as given: Two-wheelers: 24 Three-wheelers: 10 Four-wheelers: 19 Represent this data in a table using tally marks. Solution: Vehicle Tally Marks \ \ \ \ Two-wheelers |||| |||| |||| |||| |||| \ \ Three-wheelers |||| |||| \ \ \ Four-wheelers |||| |||| |||| |||| Maths Munchies Tally is also the name of software used to maintain accounts in large companies. It is based on the same method as we use to make tables of 2 3 1 available items and their numbers. Connect the Dots Science Fun Data handling or recording data is useful while carrying out science experiments. Observing and studying the recorded data may lead to new discoveries and studies. Social Studies Fun The population of a country is calculated every 10 years. This activity is called Census. Census is carried out using data handling. Teams of people go to every house and manually write the number of people in the house, their names, ages and genders. This data is then arranged in tables and the final population of the city or a country is calculated. 206 CH_12.indd 206 1/12/2017 11:01:12 PM

A Note to Parent To help children understand data handling, ask them to make a chart of their stationery or clothes they have. Introduce the value of maintaining a stock of their things and know what is missing using tally marks. Drill Time Concept 12.1: Record Data Using Tally Marks 1) Solve the following: a) In school there are seven plastic chairs, twelve wooden chairs and three iron chairs. Represent this data using tally marks. Find the total number of chairs. b) There are five bowls, ten plates, one pot, seven cups, ten glasses, two saucers and eleven spoons. Represent this data in a table using tally marks. c) The number of children present for a sports day are as given below. Boys: Rohan, Tushar, Sanket, Ankit, Siddharth, Harsh Girls: Piya, Kshitija, Reema, Prachi Represent the data in a table using tally marks. How many boys and how many girls were there in the party on the sports day? d) Ami noted down the color of school bags of children in her class. She made a list as below: Purple: Krishna, Sanika, Harshada, Suvarna, Anu, Shreya Pink: Yash, Jigar, Vijay, Virat Black: Bhavna, Rashmi, Jay, Sagar, Sonu, Tina, Mona, Shefali White: Payal, Sakshi Represent the data in a table using tally marks. Data Handling 207 CH_12.indd 207 1/12/2017 11:01:13 PM

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