by classklap ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES – II WORKBOOK – PART 2 Enhanced Edition 5
Preface IMAX partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials and processes that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system to drive learning. IMAX presents the latest version of the Summit series – specially crafted as an accompanying workbook series for the Maharashtra state board textbooks. The Summit series endeavours to be faithful to the spirit of the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 in conjunction with the content covered and approach adopted in the Maharashtra state board textbooks. The NCF 2005 advocates the creation of age-appropriate and easily relatable content for EVS. It also recommends the use of graphics, illustrations and pictures to help students to engage with concepts and ideas better. Below are some salient features of the Summit EVS-II workbooks series: 9Arrangement of questions based on the RUAH (Remember, Understand, Apply and Higher Order Thinking Skills) model based on Bloom’s Taxonomy 9Visually engaging timelines that summarise information from the lessons 9Stimulating Application and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions that ensure students engage with the content and not just focus on rote learning 9Use of maps and scenario-based questions in the workbooks 9All textbook questions that require space for writing have been included. Overall, the IMAX Summit series aims to enhance social, cultural and analytical skills for the intuitive and harmonious growth of an individual in an interconnected and independent global community. – The Authors
Workbook Features Let us Recap ReDmicetmatbioenring An activity to be used to recap the Questions aimed at helping students to main points covered in the lesson recollect critical information regarding the ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’ and ‘where’ UnDdiecrtsatatinodning of the concept Questions aimed at helping students Application and HOTS engage with the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of the concept Applying the understanding of the concept to questions related to real-life Activity scenarios and challenging questions that meet the criteria of higher order Activities that can be done to enhance thinking skills learning Formative Activities that can be used for the Formative Assessments
CONTENTS Lesson Page No. ________________________________________________________ 6. Stone Age: Stone Tools 1 7. From Shelters to Village-settlements 13 8. Beginning of Settled Life 22 9. Settled Life and Urban Civilization 32 10. Historic Period 40
6 3 LESSON 6: STONE AGE: STONE TOOLS 1) The type and form of tools are chosen according to the task to be done. 2) The Stone Age period had three stages: the Old Stone Age, the Middle Stone Age, and the New Stone Age. 3) In the Old Stone Age, stone tools were made by the percussion technique. 4) In the Middle Stone Age, the tools were sharper, more precise, light weight and more durable. 5) The New Stone Age tools were polished and shiny, with a smooth finish. 1 Stone Age: Stone Tools
Fill in the blanks The Stone Age is divided into: Old Stone Age _____(2) Stone Age _____(3) Stone Age ______________ (1) Mesolithic Neolithic Homo habilis and Homo _________(5) ______________(4) belonged to this period. belong to this period. _______________(6) _______________(8) or _______________(9) had only one sharp very small stone stone tools which side and were used implements were were very smooth made. for cutting. and shiny were made. _______________(7) made scrapers with sharp stone flakes. 2
Very Short Answer Questions Fill in the blanks 1) The demand of the task makes one choose the appropriate _______________ to do it with. 2) Humans learnt to _______________ stones, bones and sticks to make tools. 3) The tools found near the remains of the Homo habilis indicate that they had not yet learnt to _______________. 4) The Homo erectus used antlers as hammers to obtain stone _______________. 5) Besides humans, apes like the _______________ also use tools to break seeds and nuts. Match the following 6) Old Stone Age a) the banks of the Narmada river 7) cave paintings b) New Stone Age 8) agriculture c) crude tools 9) Microliths d) festivals 10) fossils of a woman e) Middle Stone Age 3 Stone Age: Stone Tools
Short Answer Questions Answer the following 11) Which of the following modern machines has stone grinders? (Textbook, Pg. 29) a) mixer b) flour mill c) juicer Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 12) Which four factors determine the choice of tools? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 13) Name two sites in Maharashtra where Old Stone Age fossils have been found. Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4
Short Answer Questions Answer in brief 14) How were the tools made by the Homo erectus different from the ones made by the Homo habilis? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 15) What revolution was brought about by the Homo sapiens in the tool- making technique? (Textbook, Pg. 29) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 16) Show the following places on the map of India. (Textbook, Pg. 29) a) A site of the Old Stone Age in Maharashtra. b) A river basin with New Stone Age sites. c) A site of the Middle Stone Age in Madhya Pradesh. 5 Stone Age: Stone Tools
17) Mention at least three ways in which the Homo sapiens of the Middle Stone Age differed from the Homo sapiens of the Old Stone Age. Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6
Long Answer Questions 7 Answer the following 18) Compare the tools from all the three periods of the Stone Age. (Textbook, Pg. 29) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 19) How did man use the percussion technique? (Textbook, Pg. 29) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Stone Age: Stone Tools
Short Answer Question Answer the following 20) Make a list of eight tools and pieces of equipment in modern times which are used for farming, fishing, hunting, harvesting as well as industrial work. How do you think these implements have improved the production of crops since the Stone Age? Hints: Machines such as tractors fitted with ploughs, harrows, hoes, cultivators, combines, seed drills, and others Improvements in the agricultural sector - large quantity of produce, use of less labour and better quality seeds Technology that helps farmers transplant rice paddies with the help of machines Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 8
Long Answer Question Answer the following 21) Identify these tools from the Stone Age as well as some modern tools. For what kind of work would you need these different kinds of tools? Write in the space below each picture: _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ ____________________________________ _________________________________ ____________________________________ _________________________________ _____________________________________ 9 Stone Age: Stone Tools
22) Visit various industries in your locality and collect information about the various tools used there. Make a chart by classifying those tools. (Textbook, Pg. 29) Hints: You can visit local, small scale industries as well as larger factories. Classify the tools on the basis of the purpose, usage and size. Formative Tool Time Stage 1: Write ten tasks from your day to day life and the tools you use to get them done. Remember a tool is something you use with your hands. Task Tool 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 10 7) 8)
9) 10) Stage 2: Choose four things that Stone Age humans also did. Describe how these ancient humans did the same activities without modern day tools. Example: You use a pen to write. What did Stone Age humans use to write? Task Tool you use How did Stone Age humans do this task? 11 Stone Age: Stone Tools
Stage 3: Many of the tools we use today are made from plastic and other materials. Choose four tools that you use. How would you create tools to serve their purpose with only natural materials? Example: A pen can be made from a sharpened stick dipped in ink. Make a presentation. Place the modern tool side-by-side with your creation. 12
7 3 LESSON 7: FROM SHELTERS TO VILLAGE-SETTLEMENTS 1) The Neanderthals used to erect hide tents inside caves for warmth. 2) In the Middle Stone Age, humans began to depend on fishing and hunting small animals for food. 3) Humans started moving from place to place according to the seasonal changes and grew seasonal crops. 4) In the New Stone Age, humans became producers of food grain. 5) Agriculture made it necessary for humans to settle down in one place. 13 From Shelters to Village-settlements
Fill in the blanks In the Mesolithic The Homo The Homo The Homo sapiens Age, the climate sapiens turned sapiens _____________ the to __________ changed environment and became __________. and hunting locations in discovered smaller animals search of small hunting grounds The environment animals to hunt. where they could and the than mammoths. They harvested stay. _________ of the ________________ Homo sapiens wild grains and The Homo sapiens began hunting changed. fruits. and ___________. Very Short Answer Questions Fill in the blanks 1) The Neanderthals wore _______________ clothing. 2) In the Old Stone Age, the climate was extremely _______________. 3) The Homo sapiens established _______________ in all parts of the world. 4) The Neanderthals used animal hides to erect _______________ for warmth. 5) The _______________ of the Homo sapiens changed with the changing 14 environment.
Match the following 6) New Stone Age a) extinct 7) moved camps b) producers of food grain 8) mammoth c) seasonal changes Strike out the wrong option 9) Different living spaces of the Neanderthals: (a) shelters (b) seasonal camps (c) apartments (d) village-settlements 10) Activities in seasonal camps: (a) fishing (b) building houses (c) gathering seasonal fruits and roots (d) harvesting wild grains Short Answer Questions Answer in one sentence 11) Which animals did the Homo sapiens mainly hunt? (Textbook, Pg. 32) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 12) What is the characteristic of the New Stone Age? (Textbook, Pg. 32) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 15 ________________________________________________________________________ From Shelters to Village-settlements
________________________________________________________________________ 13) Why did the Homo sapiens start fishing? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Short Answer Questions Answer in one sentence 14) How did the changed diet help the Homo sapiens? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 15) What was the main difference between the lifestyle of humans in the New Stone Age and those of the Old and Middle Stone Ages? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 16
Give reasons for the following 16) The diet of the Homo sapiens underwent a change. (Textbook, Pg. 32) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 17) The Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place over longer periods of time. (Textbook, Pg. 32) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 18) Compare the New Stone Age village with a modern village. (Textbook, Pg. 33) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 17 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ From Shelters to Village-settlements
Long Answer Questions Answer the following 19) Observe the reconstructed picture of a Middle Stone Age seasonal camp and answer the following questions: (Textbook, Pg. 33) (a) Describe the structure of the houses in the picture. Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ (b) What materials are used to construct the houses? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 18 ________________________________________________________________________
(c) What kind of jobs did the people in the seasonal camps do? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Short Answer Question Answer the following 20) Identify these activities of the Stone Age Man. Which one do you think is the most challenging, interesting and important? Why? __________________ ___________________ ____________________ Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 19 From Shelters to Village-settlements
Long Answer Question Answer the following 21) Write about the effects of the seasonal changes in weather on your life. (Textbook, Pg. 33) Hint: Different types of clothes, different type of seasonal fruits and vegetables, protective clothing in some seasons Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 22) Construct models of different types of houses. (Textbook, Pg. 33) 20
23) Visit agricultural farms and collect information of the various agricultural tasks that farmers have to do. (Textbook, Pg. 33) 24) Visit different types of houses in your locality and collect information about the materials used in the construction of those houses. (Textbook, Pg. 33) 25) With your teacher’s help, observe the continents shown on a world map or a globe and write short notes about them. (Textbook, Pg. 33) 21 From Shelters to Village-settlements
8 LESSON 8: BEGINNING OF SETTLED LIFE 1) Domesticated animals like the dog, goat, and others are useful to humans in many ways. The dog was the first animal to be domesticated and was used to help with hunting. The goat and sheep were domesticated next. 2) Archaeological evidence is available to show that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and Iraq. Women are credited to have started cultivation. 3) People in village-like settlements established rules and customs. A social system based on agriculture developed. 4) A dead person was buried either in the house or in the courtyard. Perhaps, the idea was that the person’s bond with the family should 22 not get cut off even after death.
Fill in the blanks ____________ __________ Creating animals to use system for _______ and them for tasks trading extra maintaining foodgrains for order in the other materials community ___________ Building tools, foodgrains for implements long periods so and _________ that they can to protect the be used later settlements Sowing seeds Community Burying the for the Life dead ____________ of foodgrains Very Short Answer Questions Fill in the blanks 1) ____________________ animals like the dog, goat and others are useful to humans in many ways. 23 2) ____________________ were used to help humans in hunting. Beginning of Settled Life
3) ____________________ in some tribes still sow seeds with the help of pointed sticks. 4) People began to worship ____________________ and various deities for good crops. 5) People in ____________________ established some rules and customs to manage agricultural tasks. Answer in one word 6) Who is credited with having started cultivation? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 7) Which animals were domesticated after the dog? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 8) What became the main source of livelihood of the people? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 9) In which age did women make earthen pots and other earthen objects by hand? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 10) The selling of which item helped the expansion of trade in the New Stone Age? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 24
Short Answer Questions Answer the following 11) What is animal husbandry? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 12) What gained importance when agriculture became the main source of livelihood? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 13) How did women start sowing seeds? What did they do to make this task easier? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 25 Beginning of Settled Life
Short Answer Questions Answer in one sentence 14) Why were dead people buried either in the house or in the courtyard? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 15) How did some people in the community become skilled craftsmen? (Textbook, Pg. 37) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 16) Why did farmers need skilled craftsmen? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 26
17) What were the houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age made of? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Long Answer Questions Answer the following 18) What are the three main steps in the process of domesticating a wild animal? (Textbook, Pg. 37) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 19) How was the barter system of trading goods established? 27 Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Beginning of Settled Life
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Short Answer Question Answer the following 20) Which animal is used by the modern police? In what way? (Textbook, Pg. 38) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Long Answer Question Answer the following 21) Write about the usefulness of any five domesticated animals. (Textbook, Pg. 38) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 28 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 22) Visit people in your locality practising five different occupations and collect information about their work. (Textbook, Pg. 38) Hints: Come up with a set of questions – called a questionnaire – which you can use to ask people questions about their work. Ask them to provide a work-picture of theirs which you can paste in your scrapbook next to the description of their work. You can even invite someone with a unique profession to come and speak in your class. Discuss this with your teacher first. Formative 29 Ancient Civilizations Stage 1: On a world map, mark the following ancient civilizations. Mesopotamian Egyptian Beginning of Settled Life
Indus Valley Civilization Mayan Chinese Stage 2: With the help of your parents and teacher, use the internet and reference books to collect the following information about these ancient civilizations: Name of Continent Main Grains Domesticated One the source of animals famous feature civilization water Mesopota- mian Egyptian Indus Valley Civilization Mayan Chinese 30
Stage 3: Choose one of these civilizations. Imagine you are a citizen of these civilizations. Write one adventure you had. What is the event that is taking place? What does your family do? What do you eat? Who are the visitors to your village or town? Remember, the times were very different from the present. There were no cell-phones, not even clocks like the ones we have. Research the civilization you have chosen to answer your questions about how they told the time, how they dressed, what their names were. Present your story to the class. 31 Beginning of Settled Life
9 LESSON 9: SETTLED LIFE AND URBAN CIVILIZATION 1) The collection of prehistoric artefacts and antique objects are classified into three groups – Stone Age, Copper Age and Iron Age. 2) Copper was the first metal to be used to make tools, as gold was a soft metal. The Copper Age saw many inventions and rapid changes, including the invention of the wheel. 3) The establishment of pottery led to improvement in trade and transport. Carts and chariots were brought into use. 4) Due to the expanding trade, signs and symbols came into use for keeping records. Each culture developed its own script. 5) Since the culture of the cities that were newly developed due to trade, had their roots in the culture of the village settlements, the faith system became a part of the city way of life too. Many temples were built in the cities. 32
Fill in the blanks The three ages In the Copper Potters and other The village based on Age: ____________ lived settlements artefacts and close to each expanded and objects are: •The _________ other in the became was the most villages. _________. •the _________ important Age invention. To transport raw __________ was materials and the most •the Copper • ___________ finished products important reason Age began to use _______________ for the growth of the wheel first. were used. cities and record- •the ______ Age keeping. Very Short Answer Questions Choose the correct option 1) Which of these metals was used before copper? (gold/iron) 2) Which of these was invented first? (potter’s wheel/cart wheel) 3) Which of these tools appeared later? (stone tools/iron tools) 4) Who introduced the method of classifying prehistoric artefacts? (Charles Darwin/Christian Thomsen) 5) Which of these is a factor that brought together people engaged in 33 different types of work? (long-distance trade/record keeping) Settled Life and Urban Civilization
Mark true or false 6) Gold could not be used for making tools as it is a soft metal. [ ] 7) The invention of the wheel happened during the Iron Age. [] 8) Different cultures developed different scripts over a period of time. [] 9) The Mesopotamian civilization was the earliest civilization on the Indian sub- continent. [] 10) The chiefs of the newly built temples became the administrators of the cities in which they were located. [] Short Answer Questions Answer in one or two sentences 11) What is the 'Three Age System'? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 12) Why did signs and symbols come into use? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 34 ________________________________________________________________________
Short Answer Questions 35 Answer in one sentence 13) Why was gold unsuitable for making tools and implements? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 14) What happened when the potters began to use the wheel in pottery? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 15) Why did it become important to use scripts? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 16) What were the social lives and festivals of the new cities based on? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Settled Life and Urban Civilization
17) How did pottery help in building settlements? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Long Answer Questions Answer the following 18) Write a note on the use of metals. (Textbook, Pg. 42) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 19) Write a note on social organization in the ancient cities. (Textbook, Pg. 42) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 36 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Short Answer Questions Answer the following 20) Write about the consequences of the following events: (Textbook, Pg. 42) Hint: Think of the inventions and developments that followed these events. (a) The discovery of copper ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ (b) The invention of the wheel ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ (c) The use of script 37 _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Settled Life and Urban Civilization
Long Answer Question Answer the following 21) Ancient gold objects were found from the burial grounds in Bulgaria. What can you say about the burial system of the period based on this? Hint: A total of 294 graves were found in the burial sites of Bulgaria. The culture is called the Varna culture. Many of the burials contain sophisticated evidence of metallurgy (gold and copper), pottery (about 600 pieces, including gold-painted ones), high-quality flint and obsidian blades, beads, and shells. Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 38 ________________________________________________________________________
22) Make a list of various objects in your house mentioning the material they are made of. (Textbook, Pg. 43) 23) Collect passages from magazines in various languages, paste them in a notebook and make a note of your observations about the various scripts used. (Textbook, Pg. 43) 39 Settled Life and Urban Civilization
10 LESSON 10: HISTORIC PERIOD 1) Humans learnt various arts, skills and traditions which they have inherited from generation to generation. The way of life which based on this knowledge is called culture. 2) Stone Age cultures gave rise to different civilizations that mostly developed in river valleys, due to the need for regular supply of water for agriculture. 3) The ancient riverine civilizations are: Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and Harappa. The rivers that acted as the bed of these civilizations were Rivers Tigris and Euphrates, River Nile, River Huang He and River Indus. 4) In all these civilizations we find importance given to sports and entertainment. Hunting, wrestling and board games were popular sources of entertainment. 5) Music and dance were given importance. Evidences in the form of different musical instruments show how important these were during 40 these periods.
Fill in the blanks: China ______________ •flourished on the •on the banks of the banks of the river river Nile. _________________. •used river water for ________________. •the important cities were Luoyang, _______ and Chang'an. Mesopotamia Ancient Harappa Riverine • the land between Civilizations •flourished in the the rivers __________ _________ valley. and Euphrates. •the important cities • the important cities were Harappa, were _____, Uruk and _________________, Nippur. Lothal, Dhola Vira and Kalibangan. Very Short Answer Questions Fill in the blanks 1) Indus is the English name for the river __________________. 2) Harappans worshipped __________________, the Lord of all living animals. 3) The board game similar to chess played in ancient Egypt was called __________________. 4) The Egyptian kings were known as __________________. 5) The Chinese believed that king Huangdi’s queen invented the technique of __________________. 41 Historic Period
One word answers 6) The land between the two rivers, Tigris and Euphrates: Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 7) The river around which the Egyptian civilization developed: Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 8) The king who introduced agriculture to China: Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 9) A site of the Harappan civilization discovered in Sind: Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 10) A musical instrument with 11 strings that was very popular in Mesopotamia: Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ Short Answer Questions Answer in one sentence 11) Where did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village- settlements? (Textbook, Pg. 50) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 42 ________________________________________________________________________
12) Name some important cities of ancient China. Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 13) Name some of the musical instruments used in Mesopotamia. Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Short Answer Questions Answer the following 14) Why did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village settlements on river banks? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 43 15) How was flood water stored by the ancient Egyptians? Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ Historic Period
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 16) What made the soil on the banks of the Nile fertile? (Textbook, Pg. 50) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 17) What articles were the Harappan craftsmen skilled at making? (Textbook, Pg. 50) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Long Answer Questions Answer the following 18) What are some of the well-known characteristics of Harappan cities? (Textbook, Pg. 50) Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 44 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 19) Write short notes on the importance of music and dance in early civilizations. Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Short Answer Question 45 Answer the following 20) Can you identify this artefact? Write two lines about the artefact and mention the civilization it belongs to. Hints: Made of wood and metal Historic Period
Ans. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Long Answer Questions Answer the following 21) “The knowledge of various arts, skills and traditions inherited from generation to generation and the way of life founded on that knowledge is what we call 'culture'.” Based on this definition, can you write a few lines about the culture of the state you belong to? Hints: Discuss the art forms, state festivals and handicrafts. Elaborate on folk-tales and musical traditions. Ans. ________________________________________________________________________ 46 ________________________________________________________________________
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