3) Underline the pronouns and state whether they are subject pronouns or object pronouns. a) He wore the lion’s skin. – _____________________________ b) The animals were scared of him. – _____________________________ c) They realised that the donkey was lying. – _____________________________ 4) Write one word from the passage that has the same meaning as ‘fear’. . Ans. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) grazing a) to act like someone else 2) clever b) eating grass in a forest or field 3) pretend c) smart Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. One day, two cats found a piece of bread on the road. They decided to share it by cutting it into halves. However, one half of the bread turned out to be a little bigger than the other. So, the cats started fighting for the bigger piece. A monkey was passing by. The cats asked him to help them decide. The monkey was smart and greedy. He said, ‘Let me help you.’ He ate small bites of both pieces of bread. He told the cats that he was making them equal. Reading Comprehension 47
The cats saw that the pieces had become very small. They said, ‘We will take the pieces now.’ But the monkey finished the rest of the bread and left. Moral: Never trust unknown people with your problems. 1) What did the two cats find? Ans. 2) Why did the monkey take small bites of both pieces of bread? Ans. 3) Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the brackets. a) T he piece of bread was lying ___________________________ the road. (on/over) b) The monkey was sitting ___________________________ a tree. (around/under) c) T he monkey put the bread ____________________________ his mouth. (under/in) 4) T he word from the passage that is a homophone of the word ‘peace’ is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) decided a) give some of what one has to others 2) share b) of the same size 3) equal c) make up one’s mind 48
Module 11 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Homophones Grammar Coordinating conjunctions Formal Writing Informal letter writing Creative Writing Picture-based writing 49
Dictation 3) 6) Exercise 1: Word dictation 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 7) 8) PR Vocabulary Q Homophones Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. Examples: • ‘see’ and ‘sea’ • ‘right’ and ‘write’ Exercise 2.1: Fill in the blanks with the correct homophones from the options given in brackets. 1) Rajiv and Ali went to _____________________ (there/their) school yesterday. 2) Mariyam saw a ___________________ (hare/hair) hopping in the park. 50
3) There were ____________________ (to/too) many ants near the cake. 4) Radha __________________ (eight/ate) half the sandwich. 5) I need a new ____________________ (pear/pair) of shoes. 6) Mohan and Tom fed the ____________________ (deer/dear) at the zoo. Exercise 2.2: Complete the puzzle with the help of the hints given below. Homophones 1) 2) T 3) B U 4) GS W Across Down 1) a woman with magical powers 1) h ow heavy something is (homophone of ‘which’) (homophone of ‘wait’) 3) to exist (homophone of ‘bee’) 2) a unit of time (homophone of ‘our’) 4) name of a flower (homophone of ‘rows’) 3) exerted air from the mouth (homophone of ‘blue’) Module 11 51
Grammar Revision of conjunctions Join the sentences by using the correct conjunctions. Use the hints in brackets to help you. 1) Shalini went to school on Monday. Shalini went to the park on Monday. [She went to both the places on Monday.] Ans. 2) Moiz played sports. Moiz was fit. [result] Ans. 3) You can attend the swimming class. You can attend the dance class. [You cannot attend both.] Ans. 4) I tried my best. I could not catch the bus. [opposite ideas] Ans. 52
Remember ► You have learnt that conjunctions are words that join words or parts of sentences together. ► There are three types of conjunctions. Conjunctions Coordinating Correlative Subordinating conjunctions conjunctions conjunctions ► The conjunctions you have learnt about in the previous classes (and, but, or, so) are coordinating conjunctions. We will learn about more coordinating conjunctions in this lesson. Coordinating conjunctions They are words that connect two or more parts of speech in a sentence. They also connect two similar parts of a sentence. Remember Remember the term FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) for coordinating conjunctions. Module 11 53
Let us understand how each coordinating conjunction is used. 'For' means ‘because’ or ‘since’. Examples: • I was tired, for I had been working hard. • I don’t go to beaches, for I am afraid of the sea. 'And' combines one thing/idea/event with another. Examples: • We ate pasta and cake at her party. • We sang and danced on New Year’s Eve. 'Nor' combines negative or untrue things. Examples: • He will not come to the theatre, nor will he stay at home. • Anya did not steal the necklace, nor did she take the money. 'But' connects statements with opposite ideas. Examples: • I called Meera, but she was not at home. • It was cloudy, but it did not rain. 'Or' shows choice (options) between two things. Examples: • Will you have coffee or tea? • Will he stay back or go home? 'Yet' shows a surprising contrast or difference between things. Examples: • I was tired, yet I had to keep running. • I left early, yet I reached late. 54
‘So’ connects two sentences where one shows a cause and the other the result. Examples: • It was raining, so she decided to stay back. • He was rude, so I did not speak to him. Remember ► When you join two simple and complete sentences, place a comma before the coordinating conjunction. Examples: • I want to go to the market, but I don’t have money. • I am not well, so I will not go on the picnic. ► When coordinating conjunctions join two incomplete sentences or two words, a comma is not placed before the conjunction. Examples: • Shaila and Heena went to school. • The dog is young but well-trained. Exercise 3.1: Complete these sentences using coordinating conjunctions. One is done for you. 1) Tania did not buy popcorn nor did she buy candy. 2) He is upset, __________________________________ his friend has moved to another city. 3) Meeta __________________________________ her friends practise football every evening. 4) Allan is my friend, ________________________ I do not trust him. 5) I cannot sleep, __________________________________ I am going to read a book. 6) The film was not funny ________________________ was it interesting. Module 11 55
Exercise 3.2: Join the given pairs of sentences using the coordinating conjunctions given in brackets. One is done for you. 1) They came here in the evening. They began making the arrangements. (and) Ans. They came here in the evening and began making the arrangements. 2) He is slow. He does not want to make a mistake. (for) Ans. 3) The principal entered the classroom. The students did not stop talking. (yet) Ans. 4) The doctor can treat the old woman first. The doctor can treat the child first. (or) Ans. 5) The car is small. It has a lot of space inside. (but) Ans. 6) There was no water. They waited for the water truck. (so) Ans. 56
Exercise 3.3: Complete the passage by using the correct coordinating conjunctions. One is done for you. Ronny loves his mother and father. He listens to them, ________________________ he respects them. The three of them spend little time together, ________________________ they are very close to each other. They do not fight ________________________ do they argue. Ronny works hard ________________________ that he can make his parents proud. His mother ________________________ father is always there to pick him up from school even if both cannot come every day. Writing Formal Writing Informal letter writing Exercise 4: Write a letter to your friend, describing a scary dream (also called a ‘nightmare’) that you had. Hints: • When did you have the nightmare? • What was the nightmare about? • What happened in the nightmare? • Who did you see in the nightmare? • How did you feel when you woke up? Module 11 57
Dear ________________________________, 58
Creative Writing Picture-based writing Exercise 5: Look at the given pictures. Describe what activity each person is doing. Also, write five sentences about the importance of outdoor games and activities. Porus Nuria Faiz David Anu Fatima Module 11 59
healthy fresh mind fit routine fun activities time with friends 60
Module 12 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Vocabulary Grammar Alphabetical order Dictionary guide words Types of sentences Formal Writing Paragraph writing Creative Writing Story writing Reading Passage 1 Comprehension Passage 2 61
Dictation Exercise 1: Sentence dictation 1) _____________________________________________________________________________ 2) _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) _____________________________________________________________________________ 4) _____________________________________________________________________________ 5) _____________________________________________________________________________ RP Vocabulary Q Alphabetical order The alphabetical order is the arrangement of the letters of the alphabet from A to Z. Exercise 2.1: Arrange the words in alphabetical order. One is done for you. 1) coconut, knocked, patch, excitement Ans. coconut, excitement, knocked, patch 2) basket, greedy, helmet, dagger Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) friend, uncle, neighbour, relative Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4) king, queen, minister, soldier Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ 5) two, five, seven, eight Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ 62
6) English, French, German, Spanish Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ Dictionary guide words The words in a dictionary are arranged in the alphabetical order. The words on the top of a dictionary page are called guide words. The top-left corner of a page lists the first word on that page. On the other hand, the top-right corner lists the last word on that page. Guide words help us to find a word easily. They tell us which words will appear on a particular page. Exercise 2.2: Look at the guide words given on the dictionary page. Based on the guide words, write whether the words given below will appear on this page. One is done for you. 1) hand – yes 2) habit – ________________ 4) half – ________________ 3) hard – ________________ 6) horse – ________________ 5) hammer – ________________ Grammar Types of sentences She has a dance performance tonight. Please give me a glass of water. Module 12 63
Where are you going? We won the match! Did you notice that each sentence above is different from the others? Each type of sentence has a different purpose. Let us learn more about the types of sentences. Declarative They are used to state information. They are statements and sentences end with a full stop (.). Examples: • I will come to your party. • The elephant has a long trunk. • The Earth goes around the Sun. Imperative These sentences give commands or make requests. Imperative sentences sentences end with a full stop (.) or an exclamation mark (!). Examples: • Kindly get my book. (request) • G o sit in your chair. (command) • Speak the truth! (command) Interrogative These sentences ask questions and end with a question mark sentences (?). Examples: • Who broke the vase? • What is your name? • Which is the fastest train? 64
Exclamatory These sentences show excitement or strong feelings. They end sentences with an exclamation mark (!). Examples: • I have got a new frock! • My sister is so clever! • I lost my English book! Exercise 3.1: Read the given sentences and sort them according to their types. One is done for you. 1) A re you going to buy a swimming costume? 2) How colourful the rainbow is! 3) Please get me a bowl of popcorn. 4) Shut the door. 5) Can you solve these questions? 6) The Sun is a star. Declarative sentences Imperative sentences statements orders or requests Module 12 65
Interrogative sentences Exclamatory sentences questions strong 1) Are you going to buy a swimming emotions costume? Exercise 3.2: Read each sentence and rewrite it with the correct punctuation mark. Then, write the type of sentence. One is done for you. 1) She wrote the book with a lot of care! Ans. She wrote the book with a lot of care. – declarative sentence 2) That is such bad news? Ans. 3) Please be seated? Ans. 4) Did I say something to make you angry. Ans. 66
5) What a wonderful day it is? Ans. 6) An apple a day keeps the doctor away? Ans. Exercise 3.3: Rearrange the jumbled words to form the types of sentences given in brackets and add the correct punctuation marks. One is done for you. 1) love/playing/we/cricket (declarative) Ans. We love playing cricket. 2) homework/you/do/your/did (interrogative) Ans. 3) feed/animals/do/not/the (imperative) Ans. 4) well/she/how/sings (exclamatory) Ans. 5) India/from/is/he (declarative) Ans. 6) you/finish/can/work/quickly/the (interrogative) Ans. Module 12 67
Writing Formal Writing Narrative paragraph writing Exercise 4: Complete the given paragraph about how the students of a school cleaned the area around their school. One day, just as school started, the Principal made an announcement. ‘The area around the school is very dirty and littered with ________________________________________ _______________________ and ____________________________. I need volunteers to clean the area.’ Every child ________ ____________________________________________________. All the children took big plastic bags and marched out. They made teams, and each team __________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________. The teams picked up the ________________________________________ and threw it in the . They also gathered the fallen leaves and . Each team was given a separate classroom . 68
The teams cleaned the classrooms by . . . They also Finally, It was hard work but a lot of fun too. After the work had finished, ___________________ _________________________________. It looked so spick and span! ‘What a good idea’, they said, ‘we must do it regularly so that ___________________________________________ _____________ always look clean.’ Creative Writing Story writing Exercise 5: The beginning, middle and end of a story are given below. Connect them with your ideas to complete the story. Begin with: Once upon a time, there lived a kind doctor in a village. One day, when he was returning home, his purse was stolen by a cunning thief. Continue with: The thief was bitten by a scorpion. He was in pain and was about to die. He needed a doctor’s help. End with: In the end, the thief was ashamed and asked for forgiveness. Module 12 69
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R6 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Look at any photo or video of a disaster and observe the people there. Who are these people carrying and helping the others? Who arrives there first? A ‘first responder’ is someone who helps immediately during an emergency. This could be when somebody is hurt at home or outside due to a road accident, fire, earthquake or flood. First responders are trained to help people and move them to safety. How can you call for a first responder? Dialling 112 is one way you can ask for assistance from first responders. It is the emergency number for services like the police, fire force and ambulances in India. But, you must know when to call 112. You should call this number only during emergencies such as when a person is badly hurt or in danger! Do not call 112 for small injuries. We must remember that first responders are ordinary people like us, but they do extraordinary work. So, let us be grateful for everything that they do for us. 1) Who is trained to help people and keep them safe? Ans. 71
2) Should you call first responders if you have a small injury? If not, when should you call them? Ans. 3) Join the sentences by using the correct conjunctions (‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’). a) They are ordinary people. They do extraordinary work. Ans. b) First responders are trained to help people. First responders are trained to move people to safety. Ans. c) Look at any photo. Look at any video (look at any one of these). Ans. 4) A homophone of ‘no’ from the passage is ______________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) disaster a) special; greater than ordinary 2) assistance b) a n event that hurts people or damages surroundings 3) extraordinary c) help 72
Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Meenal was a talented and shy twelve-year- old girl. She loved to run and play with her dog, Kiki. At school, she was mostly quiet and did not speak to her classmates. She was afraid that if she shared her thoughts, her classmates would tease her. Her classmates played pranks on her because she was different from everybody else. Meenal felt lonely and sad. The Annual Sports Day was happening at school. The relay race was about to start when they realised that a boy named Kaushal had hurt himself and could not run that day. Meenal was asked to take his place. Everybody started laughing, as they felt she would fail. Meenal loved to run, but she was afraid that she would make a fool of herself. The race got over, and Meenal’s team came first! Her classmates were surprised. Some of them felt embarrassed for teasing her and apologised to her. They realised that being quiet and shy does not mean that one is weak. They learnt that everybody is unique. Nobody should judge or make fun of people for who they are. 1) In which competition did Meenal and her teammates come first? Ans. 2) Why did Meenal’s classmates apologise to her? Ans. Reading Comprehension 73
3) Change the tense of the given sentences according to the instructions. a) Her classmates were surprised. (Change to the simple present tense.) Ans. b) She feels lonely and sad. (Change to the simple future tense.) Ans. c) She will play with her dog, Kiki. (Change to the simple past tense.) Ans. 4) The word from the passage that means ‘to make fun of’ is _________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) prank a) said sorry 2) apologised b) make opinions about something or someone 3) judge c) a funny trick 74
Module 13 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Names of musical instruments Grammar Names of people in different Formal Writing occupations Contractions Difference between plurals, possessives and contractions Informal letter writing Creative Writing Diary entry 75
Dictation 3) 6) Exercise 1: Word dictation 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 7) 8) RP Vocabulary Q Names of musical instruments Exercise 2.1: Write the names of the musical instruments shown below. Use the word box to help you. tabla harmonium sitar flute piano guitar 1) 2) ______________________________ ______________________________ 3) 4) ______________________________ ______________________________ 5) 6) ______________________________ ______________________________ 76
Names of people in different occupations Exercise 2.2: Match the pictures in Column A with the occupations in Column B. One is done for you. Column A Column B 1) a) fruit seller 2) b) librarian 3) c) chef 4) d) tailor 5) e) plumber 6) f) nurse Module 13 77
Grammar Apostrophe for singular possession You have learnt how to use the apostrophe (’) to show singular possession. Examples: • This dog’s tail is furry. • Mikesh’s house is very far. The apostrophe is not used for possessive pronouns such as mine, ours, theirs, his, hers and yours. Correct usage Incorrect usage Correct usage Incorrect usage yours your's its it's hers her’s theirs their's his his’s mine mine's ours our's – – Just like the apostrophe is used to show possession or belonging, it is also used to form contractions. Let us read about a few contractions in this lesson. Contractions Read the following conversation: Clara: I t’s a beautiful day! Come, we’ll go on a picnic. Alia: That’s a good plan, but I don’t have my bicycle. Clara: O h! I’ve got an idea. You may ride my old bicycle. Alia: G reat! You’re very clever, Clara. Please call Ayan as well. He’s a good friend of mine. 78
Notice that, while speaking, we shorten words by joining or combining some of them. The ‘short form’ of a word is called a contraction. Examples: it’s = it is we’ll = we will that’s = that is don’t = do not I’ve = I have you’re = you are he’s = he is – Role of the apostrophe in contractions Contractions use the apostrophe (’) in place of the missing letters in a word. How is How i’s How’s Let us look at some more contractions that are formed by replacing letters with the apostrophe. Contractions with ‘is’, 'am' and ‘are’ (the ‘i’ in ‘is’ and the ‘a’ in ‘are’ are replaced by the apostrophe) (the 'a' in 'am' is replaced by the apostrophe) she is = she’s he is = he’s why is = why’s how is = how’s that is = that’s they are = they’re you are = you're we are = we’re I am = I'm Contractions with ‘will’ and ‘have’ (the ‘wi’ in ‘will’ and the ‘ha’ in ‘have’ are replaced by the apostrophe) I will = I’ll she will = she’ll he will = he’ll it will = it’ll you will = you’ll they will = they’ll you have = you’ve we have = we’ve they have = they’ve Module 13 79
Contractions with ‘not’ (the ‘o’ in ‘not’ is replaced by the apostrophe – except for ‘will not’) is not = isn’t are not = aren’t has not = hasn’t have not = haven’t was not = wasn’t will not = won’t were not = weren’t do not = don’t does not = doesn’t did not = didn’t cannot = can’t could not = couldn’t Exercise 3.1: Circle the contractions. One is done for you. 1) My sister can’t walk yet, but she’s trying to. 2) There’s a lot of juice left in the cup. 3) That’s my pen. 4) Do you know if they’re the right people for the task? 5) I think you’ve found the solution to the problem. 6) They’ve bought a big house in Delhi. Exercise 3.2: Match the words with the correct contractions. One is done for you. Column A Column B 1) does not a) we’ll 2) we will b) what’re 3) what are c) doesn’t 4) we have d) why’s 5) why is e) won’t 6) will not f) we’ve 80
Difference between plurals, possessives and contractions ► The plural form of a word shows that there is ‘mstou‘bdreoeotnhkta’’ nanodne ‘more than one’ of something. Examples: • The students went home early. • My books have colourful covers. the paintbrush ► You have learnt about using the apostrophe that belongs to to show singular possession of nouns. the student ► A possessive noun tells 'who or what owns or has something'. the cover that belongs to the Examples: book • The student’s paintbrush is on the floor. • The book’s cover is colourful. ► Contractions are words made by contracted form combining two words and leaving out one of 'we have' or more letters. form of 'hacvoentnraoct'ted ► An apostrophe takes the place of the removed letters. Module 13 Examples: 81 • We’ve met the students. • The books haven’t been covered yet.
Exercise 3.3: Identify whether the given sentences have used apostrophes for plurals, possessives or contractions. Write ‘Pl’ for plurals, ‘Po’ for possessives and ‘C’ for contractions. Underline the words that have the apostrophe in each case. One is done for you. 1) Raju took Yasmin’s pencil box. – Po 2) We’re sure it will rain today. – 3) There isn’t any money left. – 4) The lion’s den is in the jungle. – 5) My cousins are coming home tomorrow. – 6) Don’t feed the animals. – Writing Formal Writing Informal letter writing Exercise 4: Your grandfather, who is a cartoonist, sent you a book on how to make simple cartoon drawings. Write a letter, thanking him for the gift. Hints: • A sk him how he is, and tell him how you are. • T hank him for the book, and write why you are excited to use it. • W rite about how you plan to use the book. 82
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Creative Writing Diary entry Exercise 5: You are planning to join either the dance club or the music club in school. Write a diary entry about your confusion and thoughts on how you will choose between the two. Hints: • Mention the two options you are considering. • Write about the positive and negative points about joining the dance club and the music club. • Finish the diary entry by making a choice and writing which club you have decided to join. 84
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