242510190-ASCEND-STUDENT-TEXTBOOK-EVS_I-G03-PART2

Ascend EVS-I G3 TB Part 2_NS.pdf 1 8/2/2023 11:46:07 AM 3Grade ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-I TEXTBOOK Part - 2 Name: _________________________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: ______________ School: ________________________________________

TEXTBOOK FEATURES Art-Integrated Learning I Explore Lesson plans provided for art-integrated learning 8 Encourages students to extend the concept learned to advanced application scenarios Inside the Lab During the winter season, some trees shed all their Hands-on activities that involve creating, designing leaves. Leaves of some and implementing something innovative and trees also change their useful related to the concepts colour. Do you know why they do so? Try to find out. Think Like a Scientist Activity and project-based learning for deeper exploration and critical engagement with the concepts learned Student Reflection Some leaves are used as spices in cooking. Captures student's perception of their Example: bay leaves, bay leaves coriander understanding of a lesson I Apply Be Amazed Focuses on the application Fascinating facts 6of the concepts and connects and trivia the concepts to real-life scenarios related to the 7 concept Fog is a cloud that appears very close to the ground. I Will Learn About 1 When we breathe in, we take in air. Where does this Indicates the learning air go? outcomes to be covered in the lesson It goes inside our body. Let us find out what is inside our body. forms of water the water cycle I Think changing water forms around us getting salt from seawater Introduces the concept and arouses curiosity about it SKILL-BASED among students 2 Nameslip_PPS_V1_G3_EVS-I_TB.indd 2 7/11/2023 1:56:51 PM

Social Studies Fun 10A Note to Parent Monkeys and humans have a Ideas to engage parents in similar skeletal system. out-of-classroom learning of their child to reinforce the concepts 9 Connect the Dots Encourage your children to help elders at home with A multidisciplinary section to small but important jobs. connect the lesson theme with other subjects 1) Name one gas present in the air. It protects the organs inside 2) Give an example of a plant our body. For example, the rib cage protects the lungs and that has a thorny stem. . the heart, while the skull protects the brain. 5 Train My Brain Checks for understanding to gauge I Understand the level of comprehension among students on an on-going basis Explains the sub-concepts Some of the activities that you 4that form the basis of the may enjoy doing are shown concept in detail below. Guess what they are. 3 I Remember INQUIRY-BASED Introduces new concepts by building on the prerequisite Concepts organised using a question-answer knowledge or skills required approach to foster a mindset of inquiry and to understand the concept reasoning Reflection Time! Thought-provoking questions to encourage reflection on the concept and on how it is related to the student's life, experiences and the world around Nameslip_PPS_V1_G3_EVS-I_TB.indd 3 7/11/2023 1:56:52 PM

CONTENTS 8) Composition of Air Skill-Based 01 05 9) Stems and Leaves Skill-Based 10 Art-Integrated Learning Theme 10) Animals and Us Inquiry-Based Air, Soil, Plants Art-Integrated Learning and Animals Inside the Lab – B 13 Activity B1: My Lava Lamp Activity B2: Leaves Leaves Everywhere! 11) Food Diversity Skill-Based 15 Skill-Based 21 Art-Integrated Learning 12) Types of Houses Art-Integrated Learning Theme Food, Nutrition, Shelter and Clothes Nameslip_PPS_V1_G3_EVS-I_TB.indd 4 7/11/2023 4:00:07 PM

13) Travel with Family Inquiry-Based 26 29 14) Communication without Speaking Inquiry-Based Theme Transportation and Communication Inside the Lab – C 31 Activity C1: Cuisines of Different States Activity C2: Make Your Script Think Like a Scientist 34 Student Reflection 36 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 5 7/7/2023 11:21:05 AM

CLASSKLAP AND NCF Education plays a crucial role in shaping the future of our children and 251 empowering them to become well-rounded individuals. The latest National 4 3 Curriculum Framework (NCF), furthering the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, focuses on fostering creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills while also nurturing values of inclusivity, collaboration and democratic citizenship. The development of foundational literacy and numeracy is also a core goal of the NCF. ClassKlap by Eupheus partners with schools, supporting them through the steps of planning, teaching, learning, personal revision and assessment to equip students with the desired knowledge and skills relevant to the 21st century. The present series is a learning resource that not only meets the requirements of the NCF but also engages and captivates young minds. Here are some salient features of this series. NCF-aligned learning tool Description Skill-based lessons in textbook and workbook Lessons are structured as per Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy (Remember-Understand-Apply-Analyse-Evaluate-Create) and LSRW Inquiry-based lessons (Listening-Speaking-Reading-Writing) skills for English. in textbook and workbook Lessons are structured based on a Socratic approach using a question-answer format, aiming at discovery-based learning as per Highlight features NCF guidelines. Exploratory activities in the workbook facilitate holistic learning of the skills and concepts and foster a sense of curiosity and Practice Worksheets exploration among students. Features such as Poetry Appreciation, Maths Lab, Think Like a Scientist, Life Skills and others help learners engage in research, application-oriented learning and the development of scientific temper; Student Reflection sheets foster the skill of reflecting on one’s own learning progress. Practice Worksheets are aligned with the goals of sharpening critical thinking, evidence-based thinking and higher-order thinking skills, as per NCF guidelines. The books contain the following overarching features recommended in the NCF: a logical and spiralling progression of frameworks adopted for Grammar, Maths and EVS inclusive representation of gender and diversity for the heterogeneous Indian classroom learner-centred content, vibrant illustrations, diagrams and photographs along with age-appropriate language a variety of question types with scaffolded and independent practice to meet the needs of different students We are confident that this series will serve as a valuable tool to accomplish the aims of the NCF and help transform teaching-learning in classrooms. We sincerely hope that our young learners develop genuine curiosity and love for learning. Nameslip_PPS_V1_G1_EVS-I_TB.indd 6 7/22/2023 12:49:10 AM

8 Composition of Air I Will Learn air as a mixture About sources of components of air air pollution the bad effects of burning firecrackers I Think Arjun woke up early in the morning to go to school. He found that the air was fresh and cool. When he came back from school in the afternoon, he felt the air was not so fresh and cool. Do you know why? I Remember We know that air is all around us. Air is a mixture of different gases. Gases are substances that can move around freely. Gases do not have any shape of their own. They can fill any available space of any shape. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are the main gases present in the air. Air is mostly made up of nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide The air around us is and some other gases are present in smaller amounts. a mixture of different gases, water vapour Air also contains water vapour, which is the gaseous form of and some dust. water, and some dust. Clean air does not have any smell or colour. 1 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 1 7/7/2023 11:21:12 AM

I Understand We have learnt that air contains different gases. Let us find out the sources of these gases. All animals breathe in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. At the same time, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air to make their food through the process of photosynthesis. They give out oxygen during this process. In this way, the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air are maintained. What will happen to this balance if we cut trees unnecessarily? We know that water vapour in the air comes from different water bodies. Once the air gets filled with water vapour, it changes into water droplets and falls as rain. Train My Brain 1) Name one gas present in air. 2) Name a form of water present in air. I Apply firewood kerosene vehicles lamp Sometimes, the air gets filled with smoke and dust. The presence of such harmful substances in the air is called factory air pollution. Substances which make the air dirty (or pollute the air) are called pollutants. Let us find out the sources of these pollutants. When we burn firewood or a kerosene lamp, it gives out smoke. Smoke from vehicles and factories also pollutes the air. Vehicles also blow up dust in the air. Carbon dioxide is useful at very low levels. But when its amount increases above normal levels, it becomes a pollutant. 2 Composition of Air Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 2 7/7/2023 11:21:14 AM

Any colour or bad smell of air shows air pollution. Polluted air is unhealthy. It may damage our lungs and eyes. It makes us feel tired and sick. If the air is polluted, we should wear masks. Masks filter the air and allow only clean air to enter our nose. How can we keep the air clean? child wearing a mask 1) Plant trees: Plants absorb carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. They help to keep the air clean and healthy. So, we feel fresh when we are in a field, garden or forest. It is, therefore, important to plant trees. 2) Use smoke-free lamps and stoves: We should avoid using cooking stoves and lamps which give out smoke. 3) Stop burning garbage: We should not burn garbage. Plastics in the garbage give out harmful gases on burning. 4) Use well-maintained vehicles: Vehicles that are not maintained properly or are old give out harmful gases. Be Amazed As we go higher, the level of oxygen in the air decreases. So, the people who climb mountains carry oxygen cylinders with them. I Explore People burst firecrackers (crackers) on festivals and special occasions. Do you think firecrackers are good for the environment? Firecrackers are made up of chemicals which catch fire easily. They make a lot of noise. They also add harmful smoke to the air causing air pollution. It is dangerous to work in places where firecrackers are made or stored. firecrackers people who make firecrackers Composition of Air 3 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 3 7/7/2023 11:21:15 AM

People who make firecrackers in factories suffer from skin and lung problems. At some places, even small children are forced to work in firecracker factories. We should, therefore, stop bursting firecrackers. Connect the Dots English Fun An abbreviation is a short form of any word or a phrase. We can write the names of different gases using short forms (symbols) as given below. Component of air Short form (symbol) Carbon dioxide CO2 Nitrogen N2 Oxygen O2 You will learn about these symbols in higher classes. Social Studies Fun Smoke from factories is harmful to us. So, factories are built in industrial areas far from our homes. Find out whether there is any such area near your city. A Note to Parent Make your child understand the importance of clean air. Help him or her notice the difference in air quality during different times of the day. You may use the following examples to understand the change in air quality: 1) with vehicles and without vehicles on the road 2) with firecrackers and without firecrackers at Diwali 3) with and without the smoke coming out from the factories and so on Talk about the lives of people who work in firecracker factories. Also, discuss the side effects of burning firecrackers. 4 Composition of Air Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 4 7/7/2023 11:21:16 AM

9 Stems and Leaves I Will Learn different types of stems and leaves About functions of stems and leaves uses of stems and leaves why plants shed leaves I Think Nitin’s teacher showed him four types of leaves. She asked him to find the differences between them. What differences did Nitin find? I Remember You have learnt about various types of plants. You have also learnt that a plant has different parts. Now, let us learn about the stems and leaves of plants in detail. THE STEM stem leaf The stem is usually seen above the ground. It is generally green when young and later becomes woody and dark brown. The stem is different in different types of plants. Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 5 5 7/7/2023 11:21:17 AM

The stem of a big tree is called the trunk. tree trunk stem with stem without Stems may be with branches or without branches branches branches. For example, mango trees have branches but coconut trees have no branches. Stems are usually erect, but in some plants they can be creeping or twisted. For example, pumpkin plants have creeping stems. The stem of the rose plant has thorns on creeper stem thorns on a hair on the it. In some plants, stems are covered with of pumpkin rose stem stem of a tulsi small hair. plant The stem of the bamboo tree is smooth, while the stem of the mango tree is rough. We have learnt about the different types of stems in plants. Now, let us learn about the different kinds of leaves. THE LEAVES Leaves are important parts of plants, just like the bamboo stems rough stem or bark of a mango tree stems. They are of different size, shape and colour. They are arranged in different ways in different plants. Let us take a look at some leaves. Banana plants have big leaves and tulsi plants have small ones. Peepal trees have heart-shaped leaves. Shapes Arrangement Edges Lotus plants have round ones. hand smooth Some leaves have toothed edges. toothed Example: neem shaped Some leaves have a special smell. Example: tulsi spear simple shaped compound The stem is usually seen above the ground and bears branches, heart leaves, flowers and fruits. shaped round The leaves are of different compound lobed shape, size, colour and have different arrangements. needle different types of leaves 6 Stems and Leaves Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 6 7/7/2023 11:21:31 AM

I Understand We have learnt about different types of stems and leaves. But, why do plants need stems and leaves? Let us see how stems and leaves are helpful to plants. FUNCTIONS OF STEMS 1) The stem allows the plant to stand upright and holds up the branches and leaves. It holds the leaves in such a way that they trunk helps the tree can get maximum sunlight. to stand upright 2) The stem carries water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. It also carries food prepared in the leaves to the different parts of the plant. 3) In some plants, the stem also stores food. Example: sugarcane sugarcane FUNCTIONS OF LEAVES Plants need food to live. Leaves make food for the plant. They also help plants to breathe. How do leaves make food? sunlight oxygen Leaves are called the ‘food factory’ or the kitchen of the plant. Leaves produce food and the plant stores it for later use. The leaves of most of the plants that we see are green. This is carbon because of a green substance found in leaves dioxide called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll traps energy from the Sun for plants to make food. Leaves prepare food using water and carbon dioxide in the water and minerals presence of sunlight. The process by which green leaves prepare food using carbon dioxide (a gas present in the air), water and minerals (from the roots) is called photosynthesis. Train My Brain 1) Give an example of a plant that has a thorny stem. 2) Name a plant with heart-shaped leaves. Stems and Leaves 7 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 7 7/7/2023 11:21:39 AM

I Apply We have learnt about the functions of stems and leaves. Now, let us see how we use stems and leaves in our day-to-day life. USES OF STEMS Some stems are used: • as food, for example, potato and onion. The sugarcane stem is used to make juice, sugar and jaggery. • to make furniture as they are hard and strong. Teak and mahogany are a few examples. • to make medicines. Example: tulsi, neem • to make useful things like rubber and jute. The milky juice from the stem of the rubber tree is used to make rubber. The stem of the jute plant is used to make jute. We make ropes and bags using jute. USES OF LEAVES Some leaves are used: • as food. Leafy vegetables such as spinach and parsley are some examples. Leaves of the tea plant are used to make tea. • as spices in cooking. Example: bay leaves, coriander • to make medicines. Example: the leaves of the tulsi and bay leaves neem plants. • to cook and serve food. Example: turmeric leaf, banana leaf • as decorations during festivals cooking food using a leaf serving food on a leaf and special occasions. Be Amazed Leaves turn brown due to a substance called tannin. Tannin also gives the colour to your tea. 8 Stems and Leaves Visa_G3_EVS-I_L09_TB_V1.indd 8 7/7/2023 12:06:00 PM

I Explore During the winter season, some trees shed all their leaves. Leaves of some trees also change their colour. Do you know why they do so? Try to find out. shedding of leaves leaves changing colours There are some trees where leaves are not in their normal form. For example, cactus plant. The leaves of cactus are reduced to spines. cactus plant with spines Connect the Dots Social Studies Fun Banyan tree is India’s national tree. It has a stem with many branches. banyan tree Maths Fun You have learnt about different types of patterns. Create two patterns using different types of leaf prints. A Note to Parent Take your child to a nearby garden. Show him or her various types of plants and trees. Ask him or her to identify the different types of leaves and stems. Stems and Leaves 9 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 9 7/7/2023 11:21:49 AM

10 Animals and Us Human beings live on Earth along with other animals. In fact, human beings are also a type of animal. We have some similarities and some differences with other animals. Since ancient times, human beings have taken the help of animals in their daily lives and used them for various purposes. How do animals help us? We often get food and other things from animals. Milk and wool are some common examples. The products we get from animals are called animal products. Humans have also trained some animals to help them in their work and transport. These animals are called trained animals. Let’s read more about them. Animal Products 1) We get food from some animals and birds. • Animals like cows, buffaloes and goats cow buffalo milk and milk produce milk and are called milch products animals. • W e drink the milk of animals and use it to prepare milk or dairy products like curd, butter, ghee and cheese. • We get eggs from birds like hens and ducks. • The meat from various animals and birds provides food to us. hen Some aquatic (water) animals like fish and prawns are also eaten by us. 10 7/7/2023 11:21:50 AM Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 10

2) We get honey from honeycombs built by honeybees. Honey is used in food and as medicine. 3) We get wool from animals like sheep and sheep honeycomb honey rabbits. wool woollen clothes Wool is used to make woollen clothes that protect us from cold. 4) We get lac from lac insects. Lac is used to lac insect lac lac bangles make dyes and bangles. 5) We get silk threads from silkworms. silkworm silk thread silk cloth We use silk to make silk cloth. 6) We get pearls from oysters, a kind of sea animal. oyster pearls 7) Animal waste is used to produce cooking gas. In villages, dried cow dung is used instead of dried cow dung used as firewood firewood. Trained Animals 1) Animals like horses, elephants and camels are trained to carry people and goods. Horses and bullocks pull carts. In places where modern modes of transport do not work, animals like mules and camels help in transport. Camels can camels in the desert walk across the desert sand easily. They are called the ships of the desert. 2) Dogs are trained to help us in many ways. The police train dogs to guide dog catch thieves or check for bombs. Some dogs are trained to guard our homes. They can also be trained to help people with special needs, like helping blind people to cross roads. 3) Some animals are trained to help us in farm work. bullocks used in farms 4) Earlier, wild animals like elephants, monkeys and parrots were trained to perform tricks. Sea animals like dolphins are also trained to perform in front of people in some zoos. However, people have now realised that this is cruel to animals. To stop animal cruelty, animal circuses are not allowed in many countries. Animals and Us 11 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 11 7/7/2023 11:21:59 AM

We have learnt about the various ways in which animals help us in the form of animal products, transport and safety. Many people also depend on animals for their work. Let us see how. How else do people depend on animals? People like milkmen and fishermen depend on animals for their livelihood. Some people rear goats and sheep for their milk and meat. To rear fish farming animals is to take care of them until they are fully grown. People rear birds like hens and ducks for their meat and eggs. This is called poultry farming. Many people also keep animals as pets at home. Dogs, a pet hamster cats, hamsters and rabbits are popular pets as they can easily live along with people in their homes. Many people consider their pets a part of their family. a girl with her We should treat all animals with kindness and never hurt pet dog them. We should always take care of the animals around us. How can we take care of animals? 1) We should give enough food and water to the animals around us. If we have pets, we should keep them clean and healthy. 2) We should avoid using animals for transport. We should never hurt or beat animals to train them. 3) We should keep the animals healthy and get an animal doctor to check them regularly. An animal doctor is called a veterinarian. Remember: Killing wild animals for their body parts, such as skin, fur, nails, horns or tusks is not allowed according to our country’s laws. Keeping them in cages is also not allowed. Reflection Time! 1) S nake charmers and monkey charmers train snakes and monkeys to perform tricks and earn money. Have you seen such animal charmers? How do you think the animals feel? How do you feel when you look at those animals? 2) Do you have a pet? If not, would you like to have a pet? Why? 12 Animals and Us Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 12 7/7/2023 11:22:01 AM

Inside the Lab - B Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity B1: My Lava Lamp A lava lamp is a tube-shaped light. It has a coloured, oily liquid inside it that flows up and down. Let us try to build a lava lamp. It is very easy and a lot of fun! You will need: a cup of water, a clear plastic bottle, vegetable oil, food colouring, ENO fruit salt (or other antacid tablets) and glitter (optional). You need to: lava lamps 1) pour water into the plastic bottle until it is around one-quarter full. 2) pour the vegetable oil until the bottle is nearly full. 3) wait until the oil and water have separated from each other. 4) add around twelve drops of food colouring to the bottle. You can add glitter too. 5) watch as the food colouring goes through the oil and mixes with the water. 6) add some ENO into the bottle; things should start getting a little crazy, just like a real lava lamp! 7) add some more ENO when the bubbling stops and enjoy the changes. 8) shine a torch behind or underneath your lava lamp to see it glow. How do you get the movement inside the lava lamp? When we add ENO, it mixes with water to form carbon dioxide gas. This gas causes colour bursts and movements inside the lava lamp. [Note: Oral intake of ENO or antacid tablets should be strictly avoided during the activity.] Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 13 13 7/7/2023 11:22:01 AM

Activity B2: Leaves Leaves Everywhere! Shapes Arrangement Edges smooth We see many different types of leaves hand toothed around us. They differ in colour, shape, shaped size, arrangement and so on. Go on a nature walk to a local park or spear simple a garden in your school premises to see shaped the different types of leaves. heart You will need: shaped a paper bag, a pencil, an eraser and a compound set of colour pencils. round You need to: compound lobed 1) take a paper bag and collect as needle many types of leaves as you can. different types of leaves 2) make sure that you pick 3-4 leaves of the same plant. 3) group all the leaves by shapes, arrangement and edges (as shown in the picture). 4) trace the shapes of the leaves in your notebook. 5) colour the leaves with your favourite colours. Show your colourful leaf journal to your friends. trace and paint leaves 14 Inside the Lab - B Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 14 7/7/2023 11:22:06 AM

11 Food Diversity I Will Learn food diversity About the reasons for food diversity c hanges in the food habits of people important food crops in India I Think Have you noticed what your friends bring for lunch daily? Is it the same kind of food which you bring from home? I Remember You might have seen that your friends bring different dishes for lunch. At home, we take different types of food for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The food we eat on different days is also not the same. The food which people eat regularly in large quantities is called staple food. The staple food is not the same in different places. For example, rice is the staple food in southern India, whereas wheat is the staple food in northern India. 1)  People in southern India may prefer idli, dosa and rice. Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 15 15 7/7/2023 11:22:07 AM

2)  People in the north may like roti, food in food in paratha and dal. South North India India 3)  P eople in the east may eat more of fish, dal and rice. 4)  People in western India may enjoy pav bhaji, thepla and so on. Food in different states is different too. food food For example, in Punjab, people prefer in East in West lassi and parathas. In West Bengal, India India people like fish curry and rice. Let us see what people eat in different countries. In China, people eat rice, noodles and so on. In the United States of America (USA), the popular food items are hot dogs and burgers. In Italy, people eat pizza, pasta and so on. Chinese food The staple food differs in different regions of our country. noodles There is diversity in food in different regions and states of India. Food is diverse around rice the globe as well. American food Italian food hot dog burger pizza pasta I Understand There is a variety of food across places. Now, let us find out the reasons behind this diversity in food. 1) Availability of raw food: The weather and climate of a place helps in the growth of some specific food crops. A crop is a plant grown for food, clothes, medicines or any other uses. 16 Food Diversity Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 16 7/7/2023 11:22:07 AM

For example, in areas of heavy rainfall, rice and coconut are grown. People in these areas eat more rice. In areas of low rainfall, wheat, bajra and jowar are grown. So, people eat rotis made from the flour of these grains. In coastal areas, fish is available in abundance. Seafood like fish is common in these regions. cooked chutney bread rice idli coconut cookies rice plants barfi coconut trees wheat plants roti roti fish fry khichdi laddu prawn curry bajra plants jowar plants seafood 2) Culture and tradition: People from different cultures eat different food. We celebrate festivals by making special types of food. For example, • During Eid, people make biryani, kebabs and sweets. • Christmas is celebrated with a variety of meat dishes, cakes and cookies. • Bhog is a special food prepared during Durga puja. • People make Modak during Ganesh festival. • Pongal is another festival food prepared during the Tamil festival of Thai Pongal. Eid Christmas biryani kebabs sweets cookies Christmas cake turkey Food Diversity 17 Visa_G3_EVS-I_L11_TB_V1.indd 17 7/21/2023 11:58:32 AM

Durga puja Ganesh festival Thai Pongal bhog modak pongal 3) Cooking methods: Food also differs because of the cooking methods used. Boiled rice and fried rice are very different. In the same way, chappatis and puris look and taste different. boiled rice fried rice chappatis puris Earlier, people ate only locally grown food. Food from other places were not available to them easily. These days, food items from different places are easily available to us. Train My Brain 1) Name the special dish prepared during Durga puja. 2) Name a food crop grown in areas of low rainfall. I Apply We have seen various reasons for food diversity. But sometimes, food habits differ because of the needs of the body. 1) Work habits: Food habits also depend on the type of work people do. For example, people doing a lot of physical work need more of energy-rich food. 2) Age: According to the age of the people, different types baby food of food are prepared at home. For example, baby food differs from the food grown-up people eat. A new-born baby drinks only milk. 18 Food Diversity Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 18 7/7/2023 11:22:13 AM

School-going children need a variety of food items to grow. Very old people eat soft food like dal-rice and roti soaked in milk. 3) Seasons: Our food habits also change according to the seasons. In summer, we eat more fruits and vegetable dishes. In winter, we eat food and drinks that keep us food of an adult person warm. Find out the different types of seasonal food available in your area. winter food summer food 4) Health: Food habits also change according to health conditions. When you are ill, you eat less food. Your parents may give you soups, light food with less oil and so on. Be Amazed Tomato, potato, sugar and chilli are originally not from India. They were brought to India by the Portuguese. I Explore You have learnt that one of the reasons behind food diversity is the variety of crops. Some of the major crops in India are food grains such as rice, maize, wheat, fruits, vegetables, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, tea, coffee, coconut, rubber and so on. Find out the different crops grown in your area. Also, learn about the changes in the crops grown throughout the year. Food Diversity 19 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 19 7/7/2023 11:22:15 AM

Connect the Dots English Fun One specific food item may have multiple names. For example, pani-puri is known as puchka as well as gol gappe. Social Studies Fun Make a list of famous dishes in the states given below: Goa, Kerala, Gujarat A Note to Parent Talk to your child about the dishes prepared during your local festivals and special occasions. Discuss why they are prepared. 20 Food Diversity Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 20 7/7/2023 11:22:15 AM

12 Types of Houses I Will Learn the different types of houses About reasons for diversity in types of houses keeping our houses clean the effects of extreme weather on houses I Think We see different types of houses around us. What kind of house do you live in? Did your grandparents ever tell you what type of house they lived in? I Remember All of us need a place to live in. We live in houses. The houses in olden times were different from the ones we live in today. Earlier, human beings used to live in caves. Then, they learnt to build houses. They cave hut used mud, wood and leaves to build them. These houses are called kutcha houses. They are not strong enough to face heavy winds or rain. Example: hut 21 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 21 7/7/2023 11:22:16 AM

As time went on, people learned to build pucca houses. These are built with bricks, cement, wood, iron rods, steel and stones. Pucca houses are stronger than kutcha houses. Example: bungalows and flats (apartments) Houses are of different types. They can be huts, bungalows or apartments. bungalow apartments I Understand Houses vary from place to place. The types of houses found in any place depend on many factors. REASONS FOR DIVERSITY IN TYPES OF HOUSES 1) The climatic condition of the place: People make houses house with sloping roof which suit the climate of that area. For example, in the areas with heavy rainfall, houses have sloping roofs. The rain water can drain easily from such roofs. Stilt houses are also found in places of heavy rainfall. They stilt house are commonly seen near riversides. These houses are made with bamboo. They are built at a height from the ground to prevent water from entering the house. In extremely cold regions, people build dome-shaped houses using blocks of snow. The dome shape helps to keep it warm inside. These houses are called igloos (snow houses). 2) Lifestyles of the people: According to their lifestyles, people igloo need different types of houses. In villages, people build houses to suit their farming needs. These houses may have some special areas like cattle sheds, storage places for grains and so on. village house 22 Types of Houses Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 22 7/7/2023 11:22:18 AM

In cities, the lifestyle is different. So, people live in flats. Moreover, in cities, there is less land available to build houses. So, multi-storeyed buildings with many flats are common there. Tree houses are built by the people living in multi-storeyed buildings forests and jungles. They provide protection from wild animals. Some people wander tree house nomads tents from place to place in search of their livelihood. They are called nomads. These people live in tents. Groups of people travelling together use houses on wheels called caravans. A caravan may be pulled by an animal, a car or a truck. We can find houseboats in places having many lakes and caravan rivers. A houseboat is a boat which is designed to be used as a home. Building big houses needs a lot of money. Sometimes, houseboat people may not have enough money to build them. So, they construct smaller houses. You have learnt about some reasons behind the diversity in houses. Do all people have houses to live in? There are some people who cannot afford to have houses. people using public You must have seen homeless people. The roadside or any place as shelter such public place becomes a house for them. We should be kind to them. Train My Brain 1) What do we call a house which is entirely made of snow? 2) Where did human beings live in ancient times? Types of Houses 23 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 23 7/7/2023 11:22:22 AM

I Apply You have learnt about the different types of houses. A house is necessary for all of us. We should take good care of it. HOW TO MAINTAIN OUR HOUSES 1) To be healthy, we need sunlight and fresh air inside our houses. So, we should keep windows open to let in sunlight and fresh air. 2) Our house should be free from dirt and dust. We should sweep and mop the floor daily. Walls should be kept clean. All the rooms should be kept neat and tidy. 3) Garbage should be thrown in the dustbin. Dustbins should regularly be emptied. 4) Dirty water should not be allowed to collect near the house. Otherwise, disease-causing mosquitoes will lay eggs in it. This will cause diseases. 5) The toilets, bathrooms and washbasins should be cleaned from time to time. This will prevent the growth of germs. Be Amazed The tallest building in the world is in Dubai. Its name is Burj Khalifa. It has 163 floors above the ground. I Explore Some extreme weather conditions can cause damage to houses. For example, heavy rain, powerful winds, shaking of the ground(earthquake) and so on. These may make people homeless. houses damaged due to extreme weather conditions 24 Types of Houses Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 24 7/7/2023 11:22:24 AM

Have you ever heard of any such condition? What happens when people lose their houses? They need to live in temporary shelters. They are taken care of by the government. What will happen to the animal shelters in such cases? temporary shelter (camp) Find out. SPECIAL HOMES Have you ever heard about orphanages? They are special shelters for children who have lost their parents and family. Old age home is another such special home. It is a shelter for old people who do not have anyone else to take care of them. orphanage old age home Connect the Dots English Fun With the help of your parents, write the names of different materials used to build your house. Maths Fun 1500 bricks are needed to build a house. How many bricks will be needed to build two houses? A Note to Parent When you go out with your child, make him or her observe different types of houses on the way. Discuss the differences between them. Types of Houses 25 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 25 7/7/2023 11:22:25 AM

13 Travel with Family Do you enjoy travelling? Many people love travelling. They visit many new places when they go on tours. A tour is a journey for pleasure in which several different places are visited. Often, when we visit a new place, we do not know what to do there, what to eat or what clothes to wear. So, it is always a good idea to plan our tours. How to plan a tour? Below are the points to think about when you are planning a tour. What to plan? How to plan? Duration Decide upon the number of days for the trip and check if they overlap with your school days. Place Decide upon which place to visit. For example, people visit hill stations during summer. Mode of travel We must book tickets for cars, planes, trains or buses depending on Place to stay how we plan to travel. We must book a hotel or a place to stay at, beforehand. If we have any relatives or family friends there, we can stay with them too. Things to pack We should pack light and well in advance. We should pack some important things, such as tickets, ID cards, medicines, toiletries (brush, toothpaste, comb), suitable clothes, etc. We may also carry a camera with us to record good memories from our trip. 26 7/7/2023 11:22:26 AM Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 26

different modes things to be carried while packing for travel of transport When you are packing your things, how do you remember the important items that you might need on a trip? How can we ensure that we do not forget anything? But why do we travel? We have learnt how we can plan a tour. But why do people travel in the first place? People can travel for several reasons. Here are some common ones. 1) Refreshment: Everyone gets tired of leading life the same way every day, and they might need a break. 2) Visit extended family members: People might travelling for refreshment travel to spend special occasions or festivals with their family, or simply visit extended family members. 3) Gain knowledge: People might travel to learn celebrating festivals with about a place, its people and their culture. extended family members 4) Job: People might have to travel for business or for work. 5) Religious tours: Some people like to travel to places of religious significance. Golden Temple Have you ever been on a trip to visit your extended family? Where? Did you know that many people like to engage in different adventures and activities when travelling? Travel with Family 27 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 27 7/7/2023 11:22:33 AM

What kind of adventures and activities can we try while travelling? Many people visit new places for an adventure. Some might go camping or go on a hike or try mountaineering when touring a place. There are also several tourist places where one might participate in adventure sport activities, such as skydiving, rafting, paragliding and so on. Look at these pictures of adventure sports. skydiving rafting Although it sounds exciting, we must always be very careful when participating in adventure sports. • What kind of adventure sport would you like to try? • What kind of safety measures are needed for the particular activity? What do we need to remember when we decide to participate in adventure sports? Here are some of the important things to remember when you decide to participate in adventure sports. • Adventure sports can be really dangerous. • We should always wear safety gear and carry safety equipment. • They should never be done without supervision. • There is always a risk of serious injuries if done without the required guidance. Reflection Time! 1) Who, in your family, takes the responsibility of packing your bags before you go on a trip? 2) What plans or checklists do you follow or have seen being followed when travelling? 3) Why do you think it is necessary that people travel together at times? 28 Travel with Family Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 28 7/7/2023 11:22:35 AM

14 Communication without Speaking Have you seen a traffic policewoman on the road? How does she control the traffic? The traffic police use hand movements or blow a whistle to direct the traffic. They don’t say anything to control the traffic. gestures of traffic police What is communication? Human beings mostly use words or actions to share thoughts with each other. The process of sharing thoughts, ideas and feelings with others is called communication. Communication is mainly of two types: with words and without words. Communication with words involves speaking, reading and writing. Communication without words involves gestures and expressions. What are gestures and expressions? A gesture is a body movement that helps people to communicate without speaking. Some examples of gestures are: • Nodding your head to say ‘yes’. Shaking your head to say ‘no’. • Waving your hand to say ‘hello’. nod your shake your • Clapping your hands to appreciate something. head (yes) head (no) Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 29 29 7/7/2023 11:22:37 AM

An expression is a look on your face that shows a particular emotion. Read about some common expressions: • When we are happy, we have a smile on our face. • When a baby starts crying, the mother usually understands that it is hungry, sleepy or hurt. • When we are excited or shocked, we may widen our eyes or open our mouths wide. When we joke about something, we wink. • When we are surprised or don’t believe what we are hearing, we raise our eyebrows. winking What are some gestures or expressions you use often? Share three examples with your partner. Did you know gestures and expressions are also used in dance? mudras They are called ‘mudras’. Find out which dance forms use ‘mudras’. Many people cannot speak or hear. However, they can still communicate. They often use sign language to communicate. What is sign language? like OK dislike sign language Sign language is used to communicate without using words. It is mainly used by people who have a speaking or hearing disability. People communicate using gestures, combining hand shapes and with expressions on the face in sign language. Remember! We should not make fun of people who cannot speak or hear. We should always try to help them by using gestures and expressions while communicating. Reflection Time! 1) Have you watched cartoons like Tom and Jerry? They don’t have any dialogues. How do we understand the story? 2) How do we say that we are happy without using words? Communication without Speaking 30 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 30 7/7/2023 11:22:38 AM

Inside the Lab - C Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity C1: Cuisines of Different States India is a diverse country. It has many cultures. Each state has its own traditional cuisine. You will need: 2-3 sheets of paper, a pencil or pen You need to: 1) divide the students into groups so that each group has at least one student from a different state. Each group should have one sheet of paper. 2) ask the students to discuss and collect the information on the subsequent points. 3) ask him or her about a famous cuisines of different states food of the state he or she belongs to. 4) ask him or her to note down its recipe. 5) ask why it is famous. 6) ask what local ingredients are used to prepare it. 7) ask how it is suitable for the people of that state. 8) ask them to record their findings on a sheet as shown on the next page. 9) ask them to paste a picture if they get one. Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 31 31 7/7/2023 11:22:38 AM

Name of the dish Dosa State Tamil Nadu Ingredients half cup urad dal (split black lentils) 1 cup raw rice (chawal) ghee for cooking Method of 1) Combine the urad dal and rice and soak it in enough preparation water for 4 hours. 2) Drain the urad dal and rice and blend in a mixer to form a smooth paste using approx. 1 cup of water. 3) Transfer the mixture to the same bowl; add salt and mix well. 4) Cover and ferment in a warm place for 12 hours. 5) Heat a non-stick tawa. 6) Pour a ladleful of the batter on it and spread it in a circular motion. Smear a little ghee over it and along the edges, and cook on a high flame till the dosa turns brown in colour and crisp. 7) Fold over to make a semi-circle or a roll. Reasons for it being It is easy to ferment batter in southern Indian climate. So, famous in Tamil Nadu dosa is famous in Tamil Nadu. Local Ingredients used rice Compare the recipes of different states with your classmates. Do you find different recipes using the same ingredients? 32 Inside the Lab - C Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 32 7/7/2023 11:22:38 AM

Activity C2: Make Your Script script You will need: two sheets of paper and a pencil or pen. You need to: 1) write the letters of the alphabet from A – Z on the sheet of paper. 2) suggest a symbol for each letter of the alphabet. Some suggestions are: @ $ <& 3) write a few sentences about yourself in English. 4) write them in the new script on a different paper. 5) exchange the new script papers with your partner. 6) decode those sentences and write them down in simple English. 7) interchange papers again. 8) check if your partner has correctly translated. Such coded languages are used in the army, navy and air force to share information between them. Code language helps them communicate without the information being known to common people. Inside the Lab - C 33 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 33 7/7/2023 11:22:38 AM

THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST Activity 1 Work in pairs. Complete the diagram to show how photosynthesis is similar to baking a cake. To bake a cake we need: Ingredients Heat energy from the oven Process: baking Flour Eggs Sugar Water To make their food, plants need: Ingredients Energy from.................... Products ........................................ Process:..................... ........................................ .................................. ........................................ 34 Think Like a Scientist Visa_G3_Science_NF_TB_Part 2_v2.indd 34 7/21/2023 12:01:18 PM

Activity 2 Air pollution is a huge problem all over the world. However, it is worse in some countries such as India, Bangladesh and China. The quality of air we breathe affects our overall health. Look at this infographic on AQI or Air Quality Index and answer the questions that follow. 1) What is the full form of PM? 2) What does AQI tell us? 3) What is the AQI of your town, city or state? 4) What can you do to protect yourself from polluted air? 5) U sing the internet, find out the names of two environmentalists or environmental activists who are famous for their work on the control of air pollution. Discuss your findings in class. Activity 3 Make a scrapbook on the food culture in your home. Use the following points:  your family’s staple diet  dishes prepared for festivals and on special occasions  variation in diet among family members owing to age or health reasons  special dishes cooked during specific seasons  your favourite foods Make your scrapbook as attractive as you can by using colours and adding photographs and drawings. Remember to add a picture of your family enjoying a meal together. Think Like a Scientist 35 Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 35 7/7/2023 11:22:49 AM

Student Reflection Come to this page after you complete a lesson. Choose the smiley that shows how well you have understood the lesson. Composition of Air Stems and Leaves Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all I need help with ..........………………...............……… I need help with ..........………………...............……… ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... …………………………………………............................ …………………………………………............................ Animals and Us Food Diversity Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all I need help with ..........………………...............……… I need help with ..........………………...............……… ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... …………………………………………............................ …………………………………………............................ Types of Houses Travel with Family Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all I need help with ..........………………...............……… I need help with ..........………………...............……… ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... …………………………………………............................ …………………………………………............................ Communication without Speaking Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all I need help with ..........………………...............……… ...................................................................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... …………………………………………............................ Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 36 36 7/7/2023 11:22:51 AM

Notes Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 37 7/7/2023 11:22:51 AM

Notes Visa_G3_EVS_Book_TB_Part2_Print.indb 38 7/7/2023 11:22:51 AM