84634_VI - 53_222310034-VISA-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G04-PART2

Exercise 4: your school is planning a picnic to the swimming club for Classes 1 to 5. As the chairperson of the student committee, you have to draft a notice to inform students about the trip. Provide information about the picnic and the items that they should carry. St. Maria’s School Date: __________________ _____________________ TO THE SWIMMING CLUB Our school will be organising a trip to ______________________________ for Classes _________. We will leave on (date) _______________ at (time) ________________ in the morning and return by ____________________________ on the same day. Eight teachers from the primary section will be ___________________________ the students. The charges for the trip will be __________________________________. _______________________________ will be provided for all students. Students are requested to carry _________ ____________________________________________________________________ _____________. Students who wish to go may please give their names to _______________________________ by __________________________________. Permission notes from parents are compulsory. ______________________ Chairperson, Student Committee Module 9 47

5 I Write: Creative Writing Story writing Exercise 5: Look at the various elements of a story given below. Write a story using these elements. Give the story a suitable title. Characters: a family on camels Setting: a hot desert Important things to be included in the story: an oasis nomads in the desert Events: family gets lost in the desert – meets a group of nomads – they have a compass – help the family reach the nearest town 48

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Module 10 Section Name What I Will Learn I Listen Sentence dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Use of 'enough' and 'too' Formal Writing Creative Writing Prepositions Formal letter Travel writing 1 I Listen Exercise 1.1: Sentence dictation 1) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 50

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer b) Allahabad [] d) Aligarh [] 1) Where was Jawaharlal Nehru born? [] a) Ahmedabad [] c) Bhopal [] 2) Who was Jawaharlal Nehru’s mother? a) Kamala Nehru b) Kamala Das c) Putali Bai d) Swarup Rani 3) What was Nehru’s profession before he joined the freedom movement? a) lawyer b) professor c) scientist d) teacher 4) What was Nehru’s position after India became free? a) Home Minister b) Chief Minister c) Prime Minister d) President of India 5) Why is 14 November celebrated as Children’s Day? a) It is Jawaharlal Nehru’s birthday. b) It is MK Gandhi’s birthday. c) Jawaharlal Nehru loved children. d) a and c B AC 2 Vocabulary Use of ‘enough’ and ‘too’ The word ‘enough’ is used to mean ‘sufficient’ or ‘as much as needed’. Examples: • Your shirt is large enough to fit me. • The room is big enough to fit 50 people. Module 10 51

In negative sentences, we use ‘not’ with ‘enough’ to mean ‘less than sufficient’ or ‘less than needed’. Examples: • There is a lot of work and not enough people to do it. • You are not working fast enough to finish your homework on time. ‘Too’ is used to mean 'more than needed' or 'less than needed'. Examples: • He was talking too fast for me to understand. • I think the room is too small for the whole class. ‘Too’ is often used to mean ‘also’ or ‘as well’. Examples: • Is Salma coming to the party too? • She too understands my fear of ghosts.  'Enough' comes after the adjective or adverb in a sentence and before the noun.  'Too' usually comes before the adjective or adverb in a sentence. Comparing ‘enough’ and ‘too’ Read the table below for more examples of ‘enough’ and ‘too’. He is fit enough He is too tired to lift heavy to lift heavy weights. weights. 52

enough too You have enough food on your plate. There isn’t enough sugar in my milk. You have too much food on your plate. There is enough time to prepare for the test. There is too much sugar in my milk. There is too little time left to prepare for the test. Exercise 2.1: Fill in the blanks correctly with ‘enough’ or ‘too’. 1)  Jolly ate __________________________ breakfast before  leaving for gym. He felt good and active. 2) James was driving __________________________ slowly to reach his interview on time. 3) P  riya had made __________________________ cupcakes to feed all the children in the school. Everyone loved the cupcakes. 4) It was not __________________________, but it was all that he could do for me. 5) T  he boy was __________________________ short for the ride at the amusement park. He wasn’t allowed on it. 6) My brother is a chef. My sister is a chef __________________________. Exercise 2.2: Answer the questions below using ‘enough’ or ‘too’ and the words in brackets. Add a full stop when you complete a sentence. 1) Can your dog do tricks? Yes, she can. (smart) She’s ___________________________________________________. 2) Can he reach that shelf? No, he can’t. (tall) He’s not ________________________________________________. 3) Will Sumi come to the party? No, she won’t. (tired) She’s ______________________________________________________________________________. 4) Would you like some ice cream? No, thank you. (cold) It’s ________________________________________________________________________________. Module 10 53

5) Can she vote? No, she can’t. (old) She isn’t ___________________________________________________________________________. 6) Will you go to the market today? No, I won’t. (hot) It’s ________________________________________________________________________________. 3 Grammar Prepositions Look at the pictures given below and fill in the blanks with the appropriate  preposition for each picture. The prepositions you have learnt earlier are given in the stars below. Some pictures may match with more than one preposition, and a few other prepositions may not apply to any picture. in on under near over behind above at at the side of below next to beside in front of around between 54

Let us learn about a few more prepositions. among: It means 'to be along with or surrounded by several things, people or objects'. Examples: The hen stood among her The black sheep stood  The child sat among his chicks. among the white sheep. toys. with: It means 'to be at the same place, or be doing the same thing as one or many things, people or objects'. It shows the interaction between two or more people or things. Examples: The baby bird is flying with The cat is playing with a ball Raju is playing with Asifa. the mother bird. of wool. Module 10 55

to: It means ‘in the direction of’. It shows the place, person or thing that someone or something moves towards. Examples: Rina walks to school They drive to Mumbai every I sent the package to my every day. Saturday. mother. from: It is used to show the place where someone or something starts. It also shows the time when something starts. Examples: She sent me a postcard Lunch will be served The petrol prices will from Switzerland. from 1:00 p.m. increase from tomorrow. 56

Exercise 3.1: Look at the picture and write true or false for each of the sentences given below. One is done for you. 1) The clock is under a plant. – false 2) A plant is beside the counter. –  3) The oven is behind the fridge. –  4) A bowl is falling from the floor. –  5) There is nobody in the kitchen. –  6) The saucepan is among the frying pan. –  Exercise 3.2: Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the options given in brackets. One is done for you. 1) Meet me at (on/at) 9:00 p.m. 2) The comet flew ___________________ (over/in) the Earth. 3) Can you keep this box ___________________ (in/among) the storeroom? 4) Divide this cake ___________________ (around/among) yourselves. Module 10 57

5) I will be free ________________ (from/above) the 24th of June. 6) I have set the painting ___________________ (between/above) my fireplace. Exercise 3.3: Look at the picture and make sentences based on the given prompts. One is done for you. 1) owl bed – The owl is on the bed. 2) ball bag –  3) gift dog –  4) table dog –  5) pillow owl’s head –  6) cat bed –  58

Exercise 3.4: Complete the paragraph by using the suitable prepositions. One is done for you. (Hint: More than one preposition may be appropriate for some blanks.) Roxy walks to the grocery store that is _____________________________ her house. Since it is not far away, she does not carry her umbrella even though it is cloudy. She reaches the store and puts everything that she needs _____________________________ a shopping cart. While she is returning, it starts to rain. The rain starts falling _____________________________ Roxy. She holds her shopping bag _____________________________ her head and runs home. She is late and reaches home _____________________________ seven o’clock because of the heavy rains. 4 I Write: Formal Writing Formal letter You have learnt about the different parts of a formal letter before. Read the letter that Sanjay  wrote to famous scientist Chitra Shah, inviting her to his school's science exhibition. He has mixed up the order of the different parts of the letter. Can you name the parts and number them in the correct order? The parts of a formal letter are given in the box. One is done for you. Module 10 59

Sender's address Introduction Body Signature Date Salutation Conclusion Subject Receiver's address Dear Ma'am, 5 Salutation Dr Chitra Shah A-18 Shastri Nagar Attapur Hyderabad – 500048 My name is Sanjay Mishra. I am a student of Samarth Vidyapeeth School. I am also a member of the student council. I am writing to invite you to a very special event that will be held in our school—our annual science exhibition called ‘Khoj’. It will be held on 2 December in our Silver Jubilee Auditorium. We would be grateful if you could come to our school and make the event extra special with your presence and comments. Eagerly awaiting your reply. Flat No. 3 Anuradha Nivas Dairy Farm Rajendra Nagar Hyderabad – 500048 2 December 2022 It will be an amazing exhibition because this year, we have many special exhibits such as domestic robots, gardening inventions and special tools to write with. We also have a special room dedicated to studies on the environment. Yours faithfully, Sanjay Mishra Class 4 C Invitation to the annual science exhibition at Samarth Vidyapeeth School 60

Exercise 4: Write a letter to Ms Gloria Fernandes, the hotel manager of Happy Holiday Resort, Goa. Request her to share information about places you can visit there and if rooms will be available during the dates of your choice. Hints: •  Mention the dates and duration of your stay. •  Mention the number of people who will be staying and the number of rooms to be booked. •  Write whether you want any specific kind of room—a suite, double bedroom, single bedroom, extra mattress and so on. • Mention if you want a garden-facing, sea-facing or street-facing room. • Ask for information about places you can visit in Goa. •  Give your email address or phone number for them to send you the information. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Module 10 61

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5 I Write: Creative Writing Travel writing You have read an informal travel story before in the form of a diary entry. Here’s another example of travel writing about a day in Old Delhi. crowded streets of Chandni Chowk a view of the Jama Masjid and the Red Fort On my way to Shimla, I stopped for a day in Delhi. I wanted to experience the old city and its world-famous historical monuments. First, I visited the majestic Red Fort. I spent a few hours exploring this lovely sandstone structure built by the Mughal king Shahjahan. The royal palaces and chambers and the  museums with old costumes and weapons took me to a different time. From the highest  point in the fort, I could see the Yamuna river looking like a narrow strip of grey ribbon. I  heard the ‘azan’ from the Jama Masjid, the largest mosque in the country. I went there and was lost among the beautiful pillars and columns at the mosque. It was late afternoon, and my stomach started rumbling. Hopping into a cycle rickshaw,  I reached the famous eating joints near the Jama Masjid. There, I had so many choices! I chose to have shami kebabs and achari biryani. They were so delicious! After the spicy  food, I wanted something sweet. I walked to Chandni Chowk, the busiest Old Delhi market,  where several mithai shops welcomed me. I ended my meal with some hot jalebis dipped in cold rabri! Module 10 63

Keep the following points in mind while writing a piece about travel. 1) Write in the first person. 2) Share personal experiences, thoughts and feelings. 3) Create a picture of the place by using descriptive language. 4) Share photos, drawings and funny or memorable moments from your journey. Exercise 5: Imagine that you have recently visited a hill station. Write about a day at the hill station. Feel free to use pictures and illustrations to make your travel piece attractive. Hints: • What did you see, hear and feel? What was the place like? • Can you recall any memorable meetings, exciting food or funny things that happened? • How was this place different from where you live? • Draw something memorable from your visit. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 64

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Module 11 Section Name What I Will Learn I Listen Word dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Idioms Formal Writing Creative Writing Correlative Conjunctions Research writing Diary entry 1 I Listen 3) Exercise 1.1: Word dictation 6) 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 7) 8) 66

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer b) the doctor [ ] d) the compounder [ ] 1) Who signs in the visitors at the hospital? a) the nurse [ ] c) the receptionist [ ] 2) Why are cooks important in a hospital? [ ] a) Patients have to follow diets. b) Many people visit the hospital. c) Cooks can make tasty food. d) Hospitals can earn money through the food served. 3) What is a cafeteria? a) an operation theatre b) a lab c) a place for all the workers of the hospital to eat d) a place where only doctors eat 4) Why do doctors have to keep learning? b) as they keep forgetting a) as medical science keeps changing d) to experiment on patients c) to try new techniques 5) Choose a suitable title for the passage that you listened to. a) Nurses b) Jobs at the Hospital c) Receptionists d) Doctors B AC 2 Vocabulary Idioms An idiom is a combination of words that has a different meaning than the actual meaning of the words. Example: Sameera got cold feet before her stage performance. Here, the phrase ‘cold feet’ does not mean that her feet actually became cold. It means that Sameera became 'nervous' or 'scared' before her stage performance. Module 11 67

Exercise 2.1: Choose the correct idiom from the box that matches each description. One is done for you. icing on the cake to cry over spilt milk once in a blue moon don’t judge a book by its cover cost an arm and a leg every cloud has a silver lining 1) to complain about what is already lost Ans. to cry over spilt milk 2) bad times followed by good times Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) something that happens very rarely Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) something great added to something good Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) to not judge by appearances Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6) something that is very expensive Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 68

Exercise 2.2: Make sentences of your own with the given idioms. One is done for you. 1) down to earth Ans. Arjav is a star athlete, but he is also very down to earth. He helps out at the old age home each morning. 2) under the weather Ans. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 3) early bird Ans. 4) piece of cake Ans. 5) learn by heart Ans. 6) raining cats and dogs Ans. Module 11 69

3 Grammar Conjunctions You have learnt about coordinating conjunctions in Class 3. Read the given sentences. Circle the coordinating conjunctions and write which words, phrases or sentences they join. One is done for you. 1) Do you want to eat the bread with jam or butter? Ans. jam, butter 2) Maria went to the market, but she did not buy anything. Ans. 3) I am late, for it is raining. Ans. 4) I don’t usually wake up at 6:00 a.m., nor do I sleep before 10:00 p.m. Ans. 5) I will go home and finish my homework. Ans. 6) They drove carefully, yet they had an accident. Ans. 7) The weather is bad, so it is better to stay indoors. Ans. 70

Types of conjunctions There are three types of conjunctions. Conjunctions Coordinating Correlative Subordinating conjunctions conjunctions conjunctions Remember • Conjunctions are words that join words or parts of sentences together. • T  he conjunctions you have learnt in Class 3 (‘for’, ‘and’, ‘nor’, ‘but’, ‘or’, ‘yet’ and ‘so’) are coordinating conjunctions. They connect two similar parts of a sentence together. They also connect two independent but similar sentences. • Remember the term FANBOYS to recall the coordinating conjunctions. Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with the correct coordinating conjunctions from the given words. One is done for you. for and yet so but or 1) The room was messy, so we cleaned it. 2) Her two favourite sports are cricket __________________ kabaddi. Module 11 71

3) The test is tomorrow, __________________ Rina has not begun studying. 4) Which of the two ice creams do you want—chocolate __________________ vanilla? 5) He was happy, __________________ he had won the cycling race. 6) Rajesh knows how to swim __________________ his brother does not. Let us learn about the second type of conjunction: correlative conjunctions. Correlative conjunctions Meher is hungry at night. Her mother asks her what she wants to eat. Meher says that she wants neither vegetables nor fruits to eat. She says she wants either a burger or fried chicken. She also wants sweets. Her mother tells her that having junk food and too many sweets is not good. They not only lead to high cholesterol but are also bad for Meher’s teeth. Observe the word pairs ‘neither… nor’, ‘either… or’ and ‘not only… but also’ in the previous paragraph. These word pairs are called correlative conjunctions. Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join phrases or words that carry equal importance within a sentence. neMitehheernrvower gafreuntittass.bles Examples: Here, the words ‘neither’ and ‘nor’ show that Meher gives equal importance to both vegetables and fruits. She does not want either of them. Shaebwuargcnehtsirceokirethfnrei.erd Here, Meher gives equal importance to both a burger and fried chicken by saying that she would like to eat either of the two. 72

Thtboeuyht inMagorheethcoaehnlsrol’oysleltbesetaaeeddrtohfl.or Here, Meher’s mother gives equal importance to both the reasons for avoiding junk food. Exercise 3.2: Read the sentences and colour the correct correlative conjunctions to be used. One is done for you. 1) He is __________ polite __________ kind. That is why I dislike him. neither – nor either – or not only – but also 2) This dish is __________ delicious __________ healthy. I like eating it. neither – nor either – or not only – but also 3) __________ my mother __________ my father will pick me up from school. Only one of them will be free at that time. Neither – nor Either – or Not only – but also 4) __________ Saira __________ Sohan will win the race, as they are the fastest runners. Neither – nor Either – or Not only – but also 5) __________ the car __________ the van is big enough for fifteen people. We need a bus. Neither – nor Either – or Not only – but also 6) Neha __________ finished her homework __________ helped her brother to complete his. Hence, they could both get their homework done on time. neither – nor either – or not only – but also Module 11 73

Exercise 3.3: Complete the passage with the correct coordinating and correlative conjunctions. One is done for you. Suzy was sad. Neither her friends nor her mother remembered her birthday. She was shocked that everybody had forgotten. The year before, her mother had __________________________ baked her a cake __________________________ gifted her a new bicycle. Her friends Anne __________________________ Joy were always the first to wish her, but this year, __________________________ Anne __________________________ Joy even visited her. This made Suzy very sad. As Suzy was lying on her bed and sulking, her mother suddenly entered her room. She had a brightly wrapped present with her. Suzy’s best friends were there too. Everyone had planned a surprise birthday party for Suzy! Suzy took the present and began guessing what it could be. It was __________________________ a new board game __________________________ her favourite book. Suzy hugged her mother and friends. She was not sad __________________________ gloomy anymore. In fact, she was very happy and excited! Exercise 3.4: Observe the given pictures. Form sentences based on the pictures by using the conjunctions given next to them. One is done for you. 1) + not only... but also thunder lightning Ans. There was not only thunder but also lightning. 2) + so Ans. hot sweating 74

3) dress + either... or Ans. skirt 4) + neither... nor draw paint Ans. 5) + yet ran fast came last Ans. 6) + not only... but also brush take a bath Ans. Module 11 75

4 I Write: Formal Writing Research writing Every family has interesting stories to share about people, objects and important events in the family. Just like these memorable tales, some valuable items are also preserved over generations. Often, people share memorable incidents while talking about these objects—like the night when Grandpa beat up some thieves with his yellow umbrella that mother still uses, or the story behind the old record player. Read what Lenny has found out about his grandfather's clock. My grandfather’s clock and my grandfather are of the same age. They are both ninety years old. Both of them were born on the same day and are very old. The clock is double the size of Grandpa but weighs the same as him. Grandpa told me that this clock was made from a tree in his grandfather's field. A funny tale that Grandpa told me about this clock was that it used to have a little bluebird that used to come out and chime at the beginning of every hour. Once, a thief came and stole only the bird! Grandpa has replaced it with a yellow cuckoo bird now. It takes time and effort to research and collect family stories. To get details about an event, object or person, you have to do the following. 1) Interview people: Collect information by asking questions about your subject. It is a good idea to make a list of questions, so that you do not miss out important details. 2) Listen actively and carefully: People are happy to share stories with a willing and attentive listener. A good listener will listen without interrupting too much. 76

Exercise 4: Choose an important or interesting object owned by your family. It could be a bookshelf, an old armchair, a lamp, an old musical instrument, a bicycle or a chess-table. First, find out why this object is special to your family. Then, write a paragraph about the special object. Fill in the planning circles first. What was the Was the special object? object bought on a special occasion? What are your Who bought family members’ the object and memories about it? from where? Why is the How was object important the object used? today? Now, write your paragraph based on the research you have done. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Module 11 77

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5 I Write: Creative Writing Diary entry A diary is a book in which one can write about things that happen in their lives on a daily basis. We share our thoughts, feelings, hopes and dreams in our diaries. Read the given guidelines. Using colour pencils, colour the boxes that have guidelines for writing a diary entry. Read these guidelines aloud once you finish. 1) oWffriicteiainl lafonrgmuaalgaen.d 2b)yWusriitneginthteheprfoirsntopuenrs'oI'.n 3) Use informal language. 4) Writtheethreecaedivderre. ss of 5) Write the subject line. 6) Write a greeting such as ‘Dear Diary,’ Mention the day and t8h)eSpigenrsoofnf wwitrihtinthgethneamenetroyf. the date. 10)dWecritiseioanbooructoanwcliushsi,ohno. pe, 7) address on top. 9) Write your the Module 11 79

Exercise 5: You are planning to join either the dance club or the music club at your school. Write a diary entry about your confusion and thoughts on how you will choose between the two. Hints: • Mention the two options you are considering. • W  rite about the positive and negative points about joining each club. •  Finish the diary entry by making a choice and writing which club you have chosen to join. 80

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Module 12 Section Name What I Will Learn I Listen Sentence dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Homophones Formal Writing Direct and indirect speech Creative Writing Question tags Notice writing Folktale writing 1 I Listen Exercise 1.1: Sentence dictation 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 82

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer 1) How does the poet feel about rain? [ ] [ ] a) Rain is dirty. b) Rain is slushy. [ ] [ ] c) Rain is important. d) Rain is beautiful. [ ] 2) Why was the street fiery? b) due to forest fires a) due to the summer heat d) due to yellow clothes c) due to the fast cars 3) What does the poet compare the sound of rain to? a) the sound of horses’ hooves b) the sound of a waterfall c) the sound of drums d) the sounds of cats and dogs 4) What does the poet say about the water that flows out of the gutter? a) It is like a river. b) It is polluted. c) It is smelly. d) It is like a sea. 5) What does the poet say at the end of the poem? a) He complains about the muddy rain. b) He talks about the heat. c) He likes how the water gushes. d) He welcomes the rain. B AC 2 Vocabulary Homophones Homophones are same-sounding words that have different spellings and meanings. Examples: The first number is one. I won the race. A rose is a beautiful flower. Flour is used in baking. Module 12 83

The knight held up his sword. The stars appear at night. Exercise 2.1: Fill in the blanks with the correct homophones from the options given in brackets. 1) The baby was ___________________ (bored/board), so he started crying. 2) Would you like me to call ___________________ (hymn/him) as well? 3) It has ___________________ (been/bean) a long time since we last met. 4) I did not ___________________ (here/hear) the bell ring. 5) Orange ___________________ (peel/peal) is very useful in making medicines. 6) My sisters ___________________ (sell/cell) hot samosas near the beach on Sundays. Now, write the meanings of at least three pairs of homophones that you have just learnt. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 2.2: Fill in the blanks with the correct homophones from the words in brackets. 1) The _______________________ (band/banned) played lovely music at the wedding. 2) The _______________________ (miner/minor) was not allowed to cast his vote as he was not 18 years old yet. 3) Ayan liked the _______________________ (sweet/suite) chocolate. 4) Rishi _______________________ (rode/road) his motorbike to the factory. 84

5) I can count the _______________________ (daze/days) of the week on my fingers. 6) I gave my mother a beautiful _______________________ (rows/rose) on Mother’s Day. 3 Grammar Sentences Given below are some sentences. Read them and write what types of sentences they are. 1) 15th August is our Independence Day. 2) I can’t wait for the party! 3) Where is my new bag? 4) Meet me at 8:00 p.m. sharp. 5) Do you want tea or coffee? 6) My favourite colour is blue. 7) Suddenly, the tiger jumped in front 8) Speak softly! of our jeep! Let us revise the four different types of sentences. Declarative sentences: They make Interrogative sentences: They ask statements and end with a full stop (.). questions and end with a question mark (?). Example: We are going to watch a movie. Example: Will you come for the movie? Module 12 85

Exclamatory sentences: They show Imperative sentences: They give excitement or a strong feeling. They end commands or make requests. They end with an exclamation mark (!). with a full stop (.) or an exclamation mark (!). Examples: Examples: • W  hat an entertaining •  Karan, please drive me to movie! the movie theatre. • Ouch! I hurt my knee. • Behave politely! Remember These are the four types of sentences. – declarative sentences 1) Statements (.) – interrogative sentences 2) Questions (?) – exclamatory sentences 3) Exclamations (!) – imperative sentences 4) Commands or requests (.) or (!) Note: When exclamatory sentences start with Examples: ‘what’ or ‘how’, there is a slight change • How beautiful is the rain! in the usual order of words in the • What a match! sentence. Exercise 3.1: Write sentences to describe the pictures. Base the sentences on the sentence types given for each picture. One is done for you. 1) When will you finish your work? interrogative sentence 86

2) _________________________________ imperative sentence _________________________________ _________________________________ 3) _________________________________ exclamatory sentence _________________________________ 4) _________________________________ interrogative sentence _________________________________ _________________________________ 5) declarative sentence _________________________________ _________________________________ 6) _________________________________ exclamatory sentence _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Module 12 87

Direct and indirect speech Your sister has a lot of homework, and she needs some time alone to finish it. She tells you, 'I have a lot of homework.' and asks you not to disturb her. When your friend comes over in the evening, you can tell her about this conversation in two ways. My sister said, 'I have a lot of homework.' (direct speech) You repeated what your sister said in the very same way she had said it. You will put her exact words in quotation marks if you were to write this. The second way of reporting what she said is like this. My sister said that she had a lot of homework. (indirect speech) Since your sister said those words some time ago, the tense and the pronoun change when you are telling someone else about it later. ('I have' changes to 'she had'.) We do not put the words in quotation marks for reported speech. Remember We use indirect speech or reported speech when we tell or report something that someone said. Here are a few examples. I live in Kerala. I am at office. He said that he lived in She said that Kerala. she was at office. 88

Rules of indirect speech • Indirect speech is not put in quotation marks. • T  he word ‘that’ is used to join the reporting verb and the reported speech. Example:    Bharat said that he ate the samosa. reporting verb reported speech •  The pronoun to be chosen for the subject of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of the reported person or speech. Sometimes, the pronoun may not change at all. Examples: •  Nutan said that she loved the rains.  • He said that he loved books. • W  hen the sentence within quotation marks is in the simple present tense, it changes to the simple past tense. • W  hen changing from direct to indirect speech in the simple present tense, this becomes that and here becomes there. Exercise 3.2: Convert the following sentences into indirect speech. One is done for you. 1) Rana said, 'I play the violin every night.' Ans. Rana said that he played the violin every night. 2) Meenal said, 'I have sandwiches for lunch.' Ans. 3) He said, 'This is my pet cat.' Ans. 4) She said, 'Pune is a clean and green city.' Ans. Module 12 89

5) They said, 'Our house is on top of a hill.' Ans. 6) Ambar said, 'I like to eat fish.' Ans. Exercise 3.3: Convert the following sentences into direct speech. One is done for you. 1) The teacher said that Madhu was a bright student. Ans. The teacher said, 'Madhu is a bright student'. 2) Raghav said that the cab was already there. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Rahul said that the curry was too hot. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) She said that she had a lot of homework. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) They said that the wind was too strong outside. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6) She said that she had a headache. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 90

Question tags Read the following sentences. You will take the exam, Jennifer is the fastest runner in Karan, Kabir and Riya are  won't you? class, isn't she? visiting Goa next month, aren't they? Pay attention to the phrases 'won't you?', ‘isn't she?’ and ‘aren't they?’. Notice that they ask a question about the same statement that was made. The question wants us to confirm or agree with something. They are called question tags. A question tag is a small question at the end of a statement. They are more common in spoken than written English. Examples: • He is from India, isn’t he? (confirmation) • We should eat dinner, shouldn’t we? (agreement) Remember The question tag uses the same helping verb as the main statement. They were playing here, weren’t they? In this sentence, the question tag uses the helping verb ‘were’. Module 12 91

A positive statement A negative question tag Positive statement Negative tag You will finish your lunch, won’t you? hasn’t she? She has left, aren’t you? You are a magician, hadn’t she? She had sung the song before I came, Remember Follow these rules when there is no helping verb in a sentence. •  When the verb in the main statement is in the simple present tense, form a question tag with 'don't' or 'doesn't' for positive statements. • W  hen the verb in the main statement is in the simple past tense, form a question tag with 'didn't' for positive statements. Simple present tense You play the piano, don’t you? Simple past tense They travelled to Shimla, didn’t they? Remember • A  lways add a comma (,) before the question tag. • A  lways add a question mark (?) after the question tag. Exercise 3.4: Fill in the blanks with suitable question tags. One is done for you. 1) We often watch TV in the afternoon, don't we? 2) She is collecting stickers, _____________________ 3) You have cleaned your bicycle, ______________________ 4) They are going home from school, ___________________ 92

5) Hannah is clever, ______________________ 6) He could hurt himself badly, ____________________ 4 I Write: Formal Writing Notice writing You have learnt about the different parts of a notice before. Here is a notice Swati wrote to inform her class of a school trip to the Russian Circus. However, she mixed up the order of the different parts. Can you name the parts and number them in the correct order? The parts of a notice are given in the box below. Date Issuing authority Headline Name and designation Body Trip to the Russian Circus NOTICE The school has planned a trip to the Russian Circus for the students of Class 4 on 29th December 2022. The charges for this outing will be `350 per student. Interested students must give their names to their class teachers by 26th December 2022. Students are requested to carry their ID cards and water bottles and wait in front of the school office by 9:00 a.m. on 29th December. The bus will leave at 9:00 a.m. sharp. 29 December 2022 Swati Dutta Class Leader, Class 4 Nalanda Primary School Module 12 93

Exercise 4: Your school is organising an International Doll Festival. At the exhibition, students will see dolls from different countries. As the head girl, write a notice to inform your schoolmates about this. Hints: • M  ention the name of your school, the date and the subject of the notice. • G  ive important information, like the date, time and location of the exhibition. • Give any important additional information as well. _________________________________________ ______________________ __________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 94

5 I Write: Creative Writing Folktale writing Folktales are one of the earliest forms of storytelling, which the ‘folk’ or people of a certain place told to describe their beliefs and ways of living. They were passed on orally from one generation to the next. Over time, different storytellers added their own details to make the folktales suitable and engaging for their listeners. Therefore, there are often different versions of the same folktale. In the later ages, folktales were collected and preserved in books. Some of the well-known folktales from India can be found in the Panchatantra and the Jataka Tales. Can you recall a folktale that you’ve heard from your parents or grandparents? What was the story about? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Module 12 95

Let’s read a folktale now. Four Friends and a Lion A long time ago, there lived four Now, the third learned friend spoke, friends. Three of them were very ‘Friends, it’s not a lion till it behaves like learned, for they had read many books one. A lion without a roar? Watch me, on different subjects. The fourth friend, I will give him real power.’ Meanwhile, however, was a simpleton. He was the fourth friend, Subuddhi, had been not well read, but he was clever and silently watching his learned friends. practical. His name was Subuddhi. The Now he cried out, ‘Stop it, this is foolish! other three made fun of him as he was If the lion comes to life, he’ll kill us all.’ not like them. The other three learned friends One day, the four friends were passing laughed at Subuddhi. ‘A fool like you through a forest when they spotted will always talk nonsense. What do the bones of an animal lying scattered you know about knowledge? Shut up, under a banyan tree. The three and observe our clever act.’ Sensing learned friends understood that the the danger, Subuddhi, the simple one, bones belonged to a lion. climbed a tree nearby. The first learned friend said, ‘It’s not The third learned friend closed his eyes enough to know the animal. I have the and chanted a few mantras. In the power to join the bones.’ He closed his blink of an eye, the lifeless body of the eyes and murmured a few mantras. As lion shivered. Its tail began to twitch. if by magic, the bones came together It growled and roared. Then, it sprang to form the skeleton of a lion. on the three learned friends and killed them. Subuddhi watched in horror. The second learned friend said, ‘Bones After the lion had gone, he got down alone don’t make a lion. I will give it from the tree and returned to his village flesh and blood.’ He also closed his safely. eyes and chanted a few mantras. In no time, a real, fierce lion, complete with flesh and blood, stood before them. 96