____________________________ (brilliant) sunshine that the weather forecast from the previous day had promised? Ruma had planned to go for an early morning __________________________ (run). She would then go to the market to buy some ____________________________ (vegetables and fruits). The rains had completely ____________________________ (destroyed) all her plans. 3 Grammar Prepositions Underline the prepositions in these sentences and write them next to the correct descriptions in the table given below. • She was standing among a group of teenagers. • The Sun was shining above the mountains. • There was a photograph below the clock. • I ordered an iced tea with my pizza. • There is a house beside the lake. • Alka is travelling to Nanded. • Meet me at home. • She turned around when she heard her name. Preposition Description It means ‘to turn in the opposite direction’. It means ‘lower than’. It means ‘in the direction of’. It means ‘to be along with or surrounded by other things’. It means ‘along with’ or ‘being together’. It means ‘next to’. It means ‘higher than’. It points out a specific place. Module 10 47 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 51 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM
Remember Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns and phrases to the other words in a sentence. They show the position of the nouns and give information about time, place and direction. Let us learn a few new prepositions. Towards shows movement in the direction of a place or to get closer to someone or something. On hearing a knock, she Mira and Varun turned their The boy and girl are walking walked towards the door. faces towards the camera. towards the beach. Through means 'continuing from one end or side of something to the other'. It also means 'from the start to the end'. The Thames river flows The boy cried through Mita studied through through London. the movie. the night. 48 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 52
Across means 'from one side of something to the other'. I can see the police station They travelled across He sailed across the sea. that is across the street. the desert. Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the brackets. One is done for you. 1) The bread is kept with (with/from) the cheese and the milk. 2) She gets nervous ___________________________ (to/among) strangers. 3) I will be walking ___________________________ (among/from) home to school by myself. 4) The bridge runs ___________________________ (across/in) the river. 5) The aeroplane flew ___________________________ (below/over) the building. 6) What have you put ___________________________ (in/over) the tea? Exercise 3.2: Complete the paragraph by using appropriate prepositions from the ones given below. One is done for you. in towards to around at across I went to the beach last Saturday. There were many people __________________________________ the beach. I like visiting the beach. I collect the colourful shells that lie all Module 10 49 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 53 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM
__________________________________ me. On Saturday, I walked _________________________________ the waves gleefully and dipped my feet ____________________________ the water. My friend Tarun was on the beach as well. He waved to me from ____________________________ the sand. Exercise 3.3: Look at the picture and make sentences based on the given prompts. Use different prepositions to link the given nouns. One is done for you. 1) flowers vase : The flowers are in the vase. 2) ball table : 3) lamp vase : 4) cat carpet : 50 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 54
5) chair table : 6) table ball : Exercise 3.4: Use the picture to form sentences with the given prepositions. One is done for you. 1) on – There are cushions on the sofa. 2) towards – 3) above – 4) behind – Module 10 51 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 55 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM
5) between – 6) next to – 4 I Write: Formal Writing E-mail writing E-mail means ‘electronic mail’. It is a means of communicating with people using the internet. We write informal or friendly e-mails to our family members and friends to ask how they are, to invite them for something or to congratulate them. Exercise 4: Write an e-mail to your friends, inviting them to spend a day at an animal shelter with you. Hints: • W rite the e-mail addresses of the friends you want to invite. • Write an introductory sentence as the subject of your e-mail. • Write why you want to visit an animal shelter. • Write about which animals you will see at the shelter. • Write about how visiting the shelter will help all of you. • Greet and sign off as you have learnt earlier. 52 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 56
Module 10 53 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 57 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM
5 I Write: Creative Writing Poem writing Poems are fun to read. They have rhythm, and they flow more easily than stories. Some people find it easy to write poetry, while it is difficult for others. Read the following tips to help you write poetry. What are you writing about? Be clear about the topic, theme and purpose. Decide if you want your poem to have rhyming words or not. Try to paint a picture in the reader’s mind. Use comparisons to make the poem more beautiful and interesting. A simile is a figure of speech that is used for direct comparison between two things. We usually use the words ‘like’ or ‘as’ to compare things using this figure of speech. Example: She is as tall as a giraffe. A metaphor is a figure of speech that is used to compare two things that are not alike but do have something in common. Example: He was a lion in the battle. In the box given, write a rhyme of four lines based on any of the topics given in the clouds. Use at least one simile or metaphor. Example: Cherries are great! They’re a little sour like a lime. I just bought eight, I got them for a dime! 54 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 58
Chocolates Chocolates are my My Pet favourite … My pet is a … They taste … Its colour … I love chocolates … I love my pet … They are like … She is as ________ as … My Best Friend My best friend is … He brightens up my day … He is the Sun in my life and … Module 10 55 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 59 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM
Exercise 5: Write a poem about your favourite season. Use the given tips and the hints below to write your poem. Hints: • Make a list of all the things you want to write about your favourite season. • Try to use rhyming words and figures of speech. • Read your poem a few times to see how you can improve it. • Give a fun and eye-catching title to your poem! 56 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 60
Module 11 Section Name What I Will Learn I Listen Word dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Collocations Formal Writing Creative Writing Conjunctions Notice writing Autobiography 1 I Listen 3) Exercise 1.1: Word dictation 6) 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 57 7) 8) 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 61
Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer 1) Where was Marie Curie born? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) What was Marie Curie interested in from an early age? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Whom did Marie Curie follow to Paris? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What title was Marie Curie awarded? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) At what age did Marie Curie pass away? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ B C A 2 Vocabulary Collocations Collocations are words that are often used together. Collocations are formed by pairing certain prepositions with certain verbs. Some noun-and-verb pairs also go together better than others. Examples: make a mess create a mess big mistake instead of large mistake take a nap have a nap do a favour give a favour 58 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 62
Let us look at collocations that are formed with the words ‘take’, ‘have’, ‘get’ and ‘go’. take a seat take a look have Please take a seat. Take a look at my new watch. take have fun have lunch I am sure that we I am going to have will have fun at the lunch with my friends. fair. go get permission get angry You need to get It's easy for him to get permission before I angry nowadays. can let you in. get go shopping go home We will go He needs to go shopping this home today. Sunday. Let us look at some collocations with the words ‘take’, have’, ‘get’, ‘go’. take a bite have a cold get ready go bald Exercise 2.1: Complete the sentences by ticking the correct collocations. 1) I have been wanting to _____________ (get/have/go) swimming. 2) Will you _____________ (take/get/have) part in the school play next month? 3) Please _____________ (have/get/take) a photograph of me standing near this tree, will you? 4) I will _____________ (get/have/go) lunch in a while. Module 11 59 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 63 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM
5) You need to _____________ (go/have/take) permission from your parents before coming with us. 6) The food has _____________ (take/get/gone) bad. Exercise 2.2: Fill in the blanks with the correct collocations. 1) I need to _____________ a break from work! 2) Ramesh Uncle is going to _____________ abroad next week. 3) Will you _____________ ready quickly? We are getting late. 4) I _____________ an appointment with the doctor today. 5) I am going to _____________ a shower now. 6) We will _____________ fun at the party. 3 Grammar Conjunctions Underline the coordinating conjunctions and tick the correlative conjunctions. 1) Nabi rode his brother's bicycle, for his bicycle was being repaired. 2) Medha did not go to school, nor did she do her homework. 3) Neither Omar nor Alfred know him. 4) Honey plays carrom, and Lalita plays hockey. 5) Swati is not only the class monitor but also the head girl of the school. There are three types of conjunctions. Conjunctions Coordinating Correlative Subordinating conjunctions conjunctions conjunctions 60 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 64
Remember • You have learnt that conjunctions are words that join words or parts of sentences together. • Coordinating conjunctions join two or more sentences or parts of sentences. They also connect two similar parts of a sentence. The coordinating conjunctions are as follows: • Remember the acronym FANBOYS to recall the coordinating conjunctions. • C orrelative conjunctions work in pairs to join phrases or words that carry equal importance within a sentence. The correlative conjunctions you have learnt are ‘either... nor’, ‘either... or’ and ‘not only... but also’. Exercise 3.1: Join the sentences in Column A with the correct ones in Column B based on the coordinating conjunctions used. One is done for you. Column A Column B 1) I’ll have only soup, e a) or the raspberry shake? 2) Chetan is inside, b) so she walked fast. 3) Jenny was getting late, c) but Ketan is outside. 4) You get one choice. Do you d) nor does she drive a car. want the litchi shake 5) Ajit won a gold medal, e) for I am not very hungry. f) a nd Farhan won a bronze 6) Anjali does not ride a bicycle, medal. Module 11 61 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 65 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM
Let us learn about the third type of conjunction: subordinating conjunctions. Subordinating conjunctions These are words that connect two parts of a sentence that are not of equal importance. Some commonly used subordinating conjunctions are ‘when’, ‘because’, ‘until’, ‘than’, ‘while’, ‘though’, ‘after’, ‘before’, ‘if’, ‘as’ and ‘since’. Let us learn how to use two of these. Because joins two unequal parts where one part talks about a reason for an action. Example: • The boy was absent because he was ill. (The reason for the boy’s absence was illness.) More examples: • She does not swim because she is afraid of water. • We want to go to Ooty in the summer because of the pleasant weather. Until means ‘up to a point in time or an event’. It joins two ideas or events. Example: • Let’s wait until the rain stops. (The speakers have decided to wait up to the point when it stops raining.) More examples: • You shall not go out until you’ve finished this exercise. • You can stay on this bus until you reach Ajmer. Exercise 3.2: Join the sentences using ‘because’ or ‘until’. One is done for you. 1) I dislike Mondays because I have to get up early on Mondays. 2) The girl cried ______________________ her father calmed her down. 3) The policeman drove ______________________ he reached the police station. 4) My dog got scared ______________________ somebody threw a stone at him. 62 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 66
5) We won’t rest ______________________ the work is done. 6) I like this class ______________________ it is very interesting. Exercise 3.3: Look at the pictures and the words given under them. Join the words and form sentences by using the given subordinating conjunctions. One is done for you. 1) + + because Shafiq smiled flower Ans. Shafiq smiled because he saw a flower. 2) + + because crying baby hungry Ans. 3) + + until Ramiz went to bed Ramiz slept till morning Ans. 4) + + until she will wait doctor arrives Ans. Module 11 63 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 67 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM
May5) + + until Reema will stay in Panjim May Ans. 6) + + because wagging tail happy dog Ans. Exercise 3.4: Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions from the box. One is done for you. because either... or so until not only... but also and 1) Sheela took medicine because she had a cold. 2) Jimmy will support ____________________________ Spain ____________________________ Brazil in the football world cup. He has not made up his mind about which team he will support, yet. 3) The light went off, ____________________________ I lit a candle. 4) Ali will continue working here ____________________________ he gets a better job. 5) My mother is ____________________________ smart ____________________________ hardworking. She is very talented. 6) Marie Curie won Nobel prizes in both Physics ____________________________ Chemistry. 64 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 68
4 I Write: Formal Writing Notice writing A notice is a brief, formal piece of communication that has details about a certain event or process. A notice must answer the questions ‘what’, ‘when’, ‘where’, ‘from whom’ and ‘for whom’. Read the sample of a notice given below. Point out the details that are missing. SHANTA NIKETAN SOCIETY 20 May 2019 Inauguration of the summer clubhouse The new clubhouse at Shanta Niketan Society will be inaugurated. The event will be held at 4:00 p.m. All residents of the society are invited to attend the event. Please contact the secretary of the society for further information. Ajay Natkarni Module 11 65 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 69 11/21/2018 1:54:15 PM
Write the missing elements and possible examples of what can be added to complete the notice. What? Where? and When? From For whom? whom? Exercise 4: Write a notice about a class visit to a museum in your city. Ensure that you include all the important elements of a notice. 66 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 70
5 I Write: Creative Writing Autobiography In a previous lesson, you learned that an autobiography is the life story of a person written by that person. Let’s now read a different type of autobiography. This is an autobiography of an inanimate or non-living object. Hi there! Are you surprised? Yes, I can talk. I am the bookcase in Ravi’s room. It may seem unbelievable, but I once was part of a teak tree, on the farmland of Ravi’s grandfather. The tree was very old, and one day, they decided to chop it down. The wood was given to a local carpenter, who made me into a bookshelf. On Ravi’s birthday, a truck carried me to his house in the city. I was taken to Ravi’s room. I can never forget my first meeting with him. He had jumped with joy and kissed me! That weekend, Ravi and his mother had spent hours arranging and organising the books into me. Ravi decorated me with his favourite toys and paintings. The books and I became good friends. During the first few days of my arrival, Ravi came to meet me every day. He stood before me looking happily at his collection. Then, he chose his favourite book and spent the entire evening reading it. Slowly, our meetings became few and then rare. One day, he was gifted a video game. He was instantly attracted to its fancy moving images. These days, he plays on it for hours, while I wait for him to look at me. The books ask me when he’ll come back, pick them up, read them, or even go through their pages—I have no answers for them. There are many non-living things that surround us: clothes, table, chairs, lamp, fan, coins, etc. Have you ever wondered where they came from? What if they could talk and tell their tales? The life story of a non-living thing is called the autobiography of an inanimate object. Keep the following points in mind while writing the autobiography of an inanimate object. 1) Imagine you are the inanimate object telling its story. 2) Write in the first person. Module 11 67 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 71 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM
3) Find out information about the object. Find out how it was made or where it came from. 4) Narrate an interesting story using simple language. Exercise 5: Write the autobiography of a telephone (a landline instrument). First, plan your autobiography by answering the given questions. 68 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 72
Module 12 Section Name What I Will Learn I Listen Sentence dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Commonly confused words Direct and indirect speech Formal Writing Interjections Creative Writing Questions tags Persuasive writing Mystery writing 1 I Listen Exercise 1.1: Sentence dictation 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 73 69 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM
Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer [ ] 1) What was the name of the boy who did not like ice cream? a) Roger b) Logan c) Lalit d) Steve 2) Why did the boy dislike ice cream? [ ] a) He did not like its taste. b) He thought it would make him sick. c) He thought it was too cold. d) His mother told him to dislike it. 3) Who was the ice cream connoisseur? [ ] a) Top Top b) Dad Dad c) Maw Maw d) Pop Pop 4) What did the boy have a tiny bite of? [ ] a) homemade strawberry cream b) homemade bread c) homemade vanilla cream d) homemade cake 5) What does the poem teach you? [ ] a) to eat a lot of ice cream b) to never try new things c) to never eat ice cream d) to try new things more than once B C A 2 Vocabulary Commonly confused words There are many words in the English language that can be easily mistaken to carry the same meaning as another similar word. But using one of these words in place of the other does not bring out the same meaning. Let us look at a few examples of commonly confused words. 70 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 74
‘For’ and ‘since’ For tells us about the duration of something. We use it to show a period of time (three hours, few days, two weeks, five months, many years and so on). Examples: • I lived in Goa for a few years. • I have been exercising for two hours. Since is used to point out when something began. We use it for a point in time (last week, January, Wednesday, 1972 and so on). Examples: • My brother has lived here since he was born. • She has not been to Mumbai since 1998. For vs. since for—to mention a specific period or since—to mention the starting point of a duration of time period of time (continues till now) I have been a doctor for fifteen years. I have been a doctor since 1992. She has not been home for two years. It has been two years since she went home. My sister has lived in London for nine months. My sister has lived in London since May. Exercise 2.1: Fill in the blanks with ‘for’ or ‘since’. 1) I have not had milk ________________________ this morning! 2) Ria cooked lunch ________________________ four hours. 3) They have been working ________________________ 10 a.m. today. Module 12 71 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 75 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM
4) It has been three years ____________________ I went to an amusement park. 5) Kriti worked on her sketch ________________________ seven hours. 6) Ronnie has been waiting at the bus stop ____________________ two hours. ‘Few’ and ‘a few’ + ‘little’ and ‘a little’ Few and little suggest that there is ‘not as much as may be expected or wanted’. Few is used with plural countable nouns, whereas little is used with uncountable nouns. Examples: • Few states in India are as beautiful as Meghalaya. • I have little choice in this matter. A few and a little suggest that there is 'a small number of something available'. A few is used with plural countable nouns, whereas a little is used with uncountable nouns. Examples: • I have a few friends in Jaipur. • I will have milk and a little rice every morning. Exercise 2.2: Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the brackets. One is done for you. 1) We know little about his life. Most of it is a mystery. (a few / little) 2) I want ____________________ bit of sugar to add to my hot chocolate. (a little / a few) 3) I have _____________ fruits left in the fruit basket. I don’t need to buy more. (a few / few) 4) There are _________________ puppies running around. They are a merry sight. (a little / a few) 5) Lonny has ______________ friends over, as she lives very far. (little/few) 6) _______________ people are as generous as Kanak. He has a very kind heart. (Few/Little) 72 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 76
3 Grammar Direct and indirect speech Your friend, Mira, tells you in school, ‘I am going to a play’. You come home and tell your mother what your friend told you. There are two ways in which you can tell your mother about this conversation. Mira said, ‘I am going to a play’. You repeated Mira’s words in exactly the way (direct speech) that she said them. To show her exact words in writing, they are put in quotation marks: ‘…’ Mira said that she was going to a Since Mira had spoken the words earlier, the play. (indirect speech) tense and the pronoun change accordingly. (‘I am going’ changes to ‘she was going’.) The words spoken by Mira are not put in quotation marks in indirect speech. Remember We use indirect speech or reported speech when we tell or report something that was said. Here are a few examples. He said that they were going on a picnic. We are going on a picnic. I work at a hospital. She said that she worked at a hospital. Module 12 73 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 77 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM
Rules of indirect speech ● Reported speech is not enclosed in quotation marks. ● The word ‘that’ is used as a conjunction between the reporting verb and the reported speech. Example: Adil said that he felt ill. reporting verb reported speech ● The pronoun to be chosen for the subject of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of the reported person or speech. Example: He said that he loved books. ● When the sentence within quotation marks is in the simple present tense, it changes to the simple past tense. Similarly, when the sentence within quotation marks is in the present continuous tense, it changes to the past continuous tense. Example: She said, ‘I am going to Nagaland.’ S he said that she was going to Nagaland. Exercise 3.1: Convert the following sentences into direct or indirect speech. One is done for you. 1) He said, ‘Suresh needs a new uniform.’ Ans. He said that Suresh needed a new uniform. 2) The teacher said that Madhu was working sincerely. Ans. 3) Raghav said that the baby was crying. Ans. 4) They said that they were enjoying the weather. Ans. 74 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 78
5) They said, ‘We love our country.’ Ans. 6) She said, ‘I am going out.’ Ans. Interjections What is common among the following sentences? Ugh! This drink is Wow! The fireworks Hurray! We won Well, I don't know very sour. are amazing. the quiz. whether I support that. Each of these sentences begins with a word that shows a strong and sudden feeling or emotion. These words are known as interjections. Remember • A comma or an exclamation mark is used to separate an interjection from the rest of the sentence. • Use an exclamation mark at the end of interjections that show very strong emotions. Capitalise the first letter of the word after the exclamation sign, since it is a new sentence. Example: Ouch! That hurt. • Use a comma after a mild interjection. Example: Sure, we will do it. Module 12 75 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 79 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM
Let us learn some common interjections. Interjections Usage Examples hey Hey! What are you doing here? eeks to get someone’s attention or to Eeks! These spiders are scary. yum show surprise Yum! This cake melts in the mouth. oops Oops! I dropped the sandwich. ouch used to show fear Ouch! These shoes are too tight. used to show that something is delicious used when you do something by mistake used to express hurt Exercise 3.2: Make meaningful sentences using the given interjections. One is done for you. 1) Hurray! We have won the match. 2) Wow! 3) Ouch! 4) Oops! 5) Eeks! 6) Hey! Question tags Read the following sentences. The short questions that She is a good swimmer, Tom hasn't gone to the tuition we put at the end of isn’t she? class, has he? sentences are called question tags. 76 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 80
Remember • If the main part of the sentence is positive, the question tag is negative. Example: Your father is a doctor, isn’t he? (We expect a positive answer: Yes, he is.) • If the main part of the sentence is negative, the question tag is positive. Example: You haven’t met him, have you? (We expect a negative answer: No, I haven’t.) With helping verbs or auxiliary verbs The question tag uses the same verb as the main part of the sentence. If this is an auxiliary verb (‘have’, ‘be’, etc.), then the question tag is made with the auxiliary verb. Examples: • She has gone to her hometown, hasn’t she? • The people weren’t in the house, were they? Without auxiliary verbs If the main part of the sentence doesn’t have an auxiliary verb, the question tag uses an appropriate form of ‘do’. Examples: • Raja said that, didn’t he? • He never plays cricket, does he? With modal verbs ('can', 'could', 'should', 'would') If there is a modal verb in the main part of the sentence, the question tag uses the positive or negative form of the same modal verb. Examples: • They couldn’t hear me, could they? • You wouldn’t tell this story to anyone, would you? Module 12 77 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 81 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM
With ‘I am’ and ‘Let’s’ Be careful with question tags with sentences that start ‘I am’. The question tag for ‘I am’ is ‘aren’t I?’ Similarly, the question tag for 'Let's' is 'shall we?'. Examples: • I’m the fastest runner, aren’t I? • Let’s go out, shall we? Exercise 3.3: Read the sentences and add an appropriate question tag from the options given below. One is done for you. doesn’t shall won’t isn’t do you can he we you she she 1) You don’t play tennis, do you? 2) Shruti can’t climb the hills,_____________________? 3) Rahul wears colourful clothes, _____________________? 4) Let’s go to the park, _____________________? 5) You will come with me, _____________________? 6) She is so hardworking, _____________________? Exercise 3.4: Fill in the blanks with question tags and complete the conversation. One is done for you. Diya: Let’s go to Arya’s house, shall we? Kabir: OK. When? Diya: You don’t have any homework today, _________________? Kabir: Yes, I do have some homework. 78 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 82
Diya: Do you want to go tomorrow? Kabir: You are free tomorrow, _____________________? Diya: Yes, I am. Kabir: Then, let's go tomorrow. You will carry a game, _____________________? Diya: Yes, I will. Let's take a storybook too, _____________________? Kabir: Yes, we will. Diya: See you tomorrow. You can come at 10 o'clock, _________________? Kabir: Sure, I will. 4 I Write: Formal Writing Persuasive writing What is persuasive writing? When you share your opinion to convince others of an idea, it is called persuasive writing. We have read about how to write a good persuasive paragraph in a previous module. Let's now read about another important element of persuasive writing. Fact vs Opinion A fact is something that can be proven true. For example, ‘The earth is round’ is a fact because there is proof that is true. Module 12 79 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 83 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM
Look at the picture of the car below. Can you discuss and come up with some facts about the picture? Some facts for the picture may be the following. 1) It has four wheels. 2) It is bigger than a cycle. An opinion states a person’s thoughts, beliefs or feelings. It may not always be proven true. For example, an opinion would be 'Chocolate ice cream is delicious!' This is an opinion because someone may find chocolate flavour delicious, but another person might not like it at all. It cannot be proven true. Look at the picture of a cake given below. Can you come up with an opinion about it? An opinion about the cake may include the following. 1) I am sure it tastes terrible. For persuasive writing, the topic that we are writing about cannot only have our opinions, but should also be balanced by facts and reasons. Exercise 4: Write a persuasive article on the following topic: ‘Plastic items should be banned for a clean environment’. Fill in the planning box before writing the essay. Audience: _____________________ Issue: _____________________________ Opinion statement: ___________________________________________________ Reason 1 Reason 2 Conclusion: 80 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 84
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5 I Write: Creative Writing Mystery writing You must have read books and seen movies based on mystery plots. They usually have unexplained happenings—the sudden disappearance of a character, strange behaviour from familiar characters, the appearance of a mysterious person or object and so on. Think about your favourite mystery story or movie and discuss why you like it so much. Here is an adapted extract from a short story, ‘The Adventure of the Speckled Band’ by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. A woman has come to discuss the mysterious death of her sister with the famous detective, Sherlock Holmes. Read on. 'Give me all the details about her death', said Sherlock Holmes to Helen Stoner. It was a terrible time!' she began. 'As I told you, the house we live in is very old. Only one wing of the house is occupied now. First, there is my stepfather, Dr Roylott’s room. Julia's room is next to his, and my room is next to Julia's. That fatal night, our stepfather was in his room. Julia couldn't sleep in her room, so she came into my room to talk to me. At eleven o’ clock, when she was going back to bed, she told me, 'Helen, have you ever heard a whistle in the middle of the night?' 'No', I said, surprised. 'I suppose that you could not possibly whistle, yourself, in your sleep?’ 'Certainly not. But why?' I asked. 'It's strange', she said. 'During the last few nights, I have heard a whistle at around three in the night, but I don't know where it comes from. Why don't you hear it?' I laughed and said, 'I sleep better than you do.' So Julia went to her room, and locked the door after her.' 'Why did you lock your doors?' asked Sherlock Holmes. 'Our father kept a cheetah and a baboon. We were afraid of the wild animals', she answered. 'Alright, please go on', said Holmes. 'I couldn't sleep that night. It was very stormy; the wind was howling, and the rain was splashing against the windows. Suddenly, a woman’s scream could be heard. It was my sister's voice. I leaped from my bed and ran into the corridor. 82 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 86
Just then, I heard a whistle, and a minute later, the sound of falling metal. I didn't know what it was. I ran down the passage and reached my sister's door, which was unlocked. She came out. Her face was white with fear. She seemed to be in terrible pain. As I put my arms around her, she suddenly screamed in a voice that I shall never forget 'Helen! Oh my God, Helen! It was the band! The speckled band!' She pointed her finger in the air in the direction of Dr Roylott’s room. She wanted to say more but couldn't. I called my stepfather, who tried to help her, but we could do nothing. And that was the dreadful end of my dear sister.' What makes a good mystery? All good mysteries have these few elements. • The background and setting should be mysterious and descriptive. • The main suspects (people who are believed to have committed a crime), witnesses (people who were present when a crime occurred) and the detective (the person whose job is to find clues and information to solve a crime) should come early on in the story. • The detective as well as the criminal should be interesting characters. • It should have a clear plot and a problem that needs to be solved. The story should have clues to puzzle the readers, the characters and the detective. • The final solution should be logical and believable. Exercise 5: Tell a Mystery Tale! Rohan and his family have shifted into a new house on the outskirts of the city. Every night, Rohan can hear strange noises coming from a room in the house. Nobody has lived in the house before them. One day, Rohan decides to go the room to unravel the mystery behind it. What happens next? Complete the story using the mystery elements you have learnt. You can write down your thoughts before you begin writing. Module 12 83 NR_BGM_9789388402880 PASSPORT G05 ENGLISH WORKBOOK PART 2_Text.pdf 87 11/21/2018 1:54:16 PM
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