242510244-HAZELWOOD-STUDENT-TEXTBOOK-EVS_II(SST)-G03-PART2

Hazelwood G3 SST TB P2_Nameslip.pdf 1 8/4/2023 2:50:20 PM Name: _________________________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: ______________ School: ________________________________________ EVS - II (SOCIAL STUDIES) TEXTBOOK Part - 2

PREFACE The latest National Curriculum Framework (NCF), furthering the 1 vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, provides a comprehensive framework for the holistic development of students. 25 It places a strong emphasis on foundational literacy and numeracy 4 and a competency-based and learner-centred approach to ensure a well-rounded education that prepares students for the challenges of the 21st century. ClassKlap by Eupheus partners with schools and supports them through the steps of planning, teaching, learning, personal revision and assessment to equip students with the desired knowledge and skills relevant to the 21st century. The present series has been carefully crafted to provide a solid foundation for students 3 keeping in mind the principles outlined in the NCF. The books promote active learning and skill development and strive to ensure inclusiveness in terms of gender and diversity in representation, catering to the heterogeneous Indian classroom. The books have been split into two parts for lighter bag weight. Our books contain age-appropriate and easily relatable content that ensures that students can perceive social realities while imbibing the values of the Indian Constitution and human rights. Graphics, illustrations and pictures used in the books also help students to engage with concepts and ideas better. These objectives are integrated into the EVS–II (Social Studies) textbooks and workbooks to provide a holistic learning experience for students. The key features of the EVS–II (Social Studies) books are as follows. Skill-based lessons are structured as per Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy (Remember-Understand-Apply-Analyse-Evaluate-Create) Inquiry-based lessons are structured based on a Socratic approach using a question-answer format, aiming at discovery-based learning as per NCF guidelines Character and dialogue-based introductions to concepts to make the concepts more relatable to students Visually engaging infographics for presenting information In-text activities to assist learning and understanding Subject-related vocabulary building in every lesson Use of timelines and maps to help students to develop timeline, map and globe skills Exploratory activities in the workbook encourage curiosity and active participation among students Scenario-based questions in the workbooks to foster application and critical thinking skills Integration of values, life skills and an awareness of personal responsibility through dialogue and inquiry about the world around us Fostering interdisciplinary learning by connecting themes and concepts across subjects The EVS–II (Social Studies) textbooks, workbooks and teacher companion books aim to enhance the social, cultural and critical thinking skills for nurturing a deeper understanding of our shared history and democratic values. 20-21_ML_SST_G3_TB_Part 1_TOC.indd 2 7/29/2023 3:51:59 PM

ENTGELXITSBHOOCKOFUERATSUERBEOSOK FEATURES Art-Integrated Learning Let Us Learn About Lesson plans provided for Indicates the learning outcomes to be covered in the lesson art-integrated learning Remembering SKILL-BASED LESSONS Introduces new concepts by building on the prerequisite knowledge or skills Think Understanding Introduces the concept and arouses curiosity about it among students Explains the sub-concepts that form the basis of the concept in detail Application Amazing Facts Focuses on the application of the concepts and connects them to real-life scenarios Fascinating facts and trivia related to the concept Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Connect the Dots Encourages students to extend the concept A multidisciplinary section to connect learnt to advanced application scenarios the lesson theme with other subjects INQUIRY-BASED LESSONS Reflection Time! Thought-provoking questions to Concepts organised using a encourage reflection on the concept and question-answer approach to foster on how it is related to the student's life, a mindset of inquiry and reasoning experiences and the world around Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 3 7/28/2023 4:18:21 PM

Contents 3Class 6 Languages, Food and Clothing Art-Integrated Learning Skill-Based ������������������������������������������������ 1 7 Communities and Festivals Inquiry-Based ������������������������������������������������� 9 8 Our Occupations Inquiry-Based ����������������������������������������� 14 Art-Integrated Learning 9 What Is History? Skill-Based ���������������������������������������������� 18 Art-Integrated Learning Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 4 7/28/2023 4:18:22 PM

Lesson Languages, Food and 6 Clothing Let Us Learn About R culture, languages, clothing and food habits of different people of India. U diversity and how natural regions and climate affect culture. A ‘unity in diversity’ in India. h how the cultures of different states are similar and different. Think The Jain family is having lunch with the Irani family. Meher: Rashi, would you like to taste this patrani machchi? It is a famous Parsi fish dish. Rashi: I am sure it is very tasty. But, I am vegetarian! The whole Jain family is vegetarian. Meher: Wow! That is interesting. We know very few vegetarian families. Most of our Parsi family and friends love patrani machchi and mutton dhansak. Rashi: Have you noticed that we speak different Patrani machchi languages at home as well? You speak Gujarati, and I speak Marwari. Yet, we live in one country. Meher: We are so different and similar at the same time! Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 1 1 7/28/2023 4:18:23 PM

Q. What can be said about the Irani and Jain families? (A) Both families are vegetarian. (B) Both families enjoy non-vegetarian food. (C) Both families speak similar languages. (D) The Iranis and the Jains speak different languages. Remembering India is one country with many different cultures. The language, food, clothing and other habits of a group of people is called their culture. People living in different parts of India speak different languages, eat many types of food and wear special clothes. Let us learn more about these different ways of living. LANGUAGES Many languages are spoken all over the country. Hindi and English are the official languages of the central government. Official languages are used by governments for their work. States choose their own official languages. The 22 official languages used in India are as follows. • Assamese • Bengali • Bodo • Dogri • Gujarati • Hindi • Kannada • Kashmiri • Konkani • Maithili • Malayalam • Manipuri • Marathi • Nepali • Oriya • Punjabi • Sanskrit • Santhali • Sindhi • Tamil • Telugu • Urdu Other than these, there are about 1600 languages in India. Example: Bhojpuri, Tulu, Lepcha, Marwari and many more. Do you speak a language that is not on this list? What is it? 2 7/28/2023 4:18:24 PM Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 2

In India, people often speak more than one language. People who can speak two languages are called bilingual. People who can speak three or more languages are called multilingual. Most Indians are bilingual, and many are multilingual. Look at the map. It shows languages used by the majority of people in different regions in India. Languages, Food and Clothing 3 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 3 7/28/2023 4:18:24 PM

DIFFERENT STYLES OF LIVING Indians have different kinds of food and clothing. Read about these people from different parts of India. Find which state or union territory they live in 1, their language 2, their clothes 3and their traditional food 4. Find them and their families on the map given on the previous page. Assalam alaykum! I am Afshan. Khamma ghani, I am Murali. 1 Jammu and Kashmir 1 Rajasthan 2 Kashmiri and Urdu 2 Hindi and Rajasthani 3 pheran 3 bright turban, cotton 4 kulcha and rogan josh angarakha and dhoti 4 dal baati Salemu! I am Akavi. Namaskar, I am Savita. 1 Nagaland 1 Maharashtra 2 Ao and English 2 Marathi 3 woollen shawl 3 p arkar polka 4 m eat, fish, rice and 4 bhakari (like a roti) and vegetables with tathu bharit (made from brinjal) (tathu is a chutney) 4 7/28/2023 4:18:29 PM Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 4

Hello! I am Julie. Namaskara, I am Lakshmi. 1 Goa 1 Karnataka 2 English, Konkani and 2 Kannada 3 sari Portuguese 4 b isi bele bhath – rice 3 cotton frock cooked with spices 4 vindaloo – meat in a curry and dals Vanakkam! I am Karthik. Write about yourself below. 1 Tamil Nadu 1 ______________________ 2 Tamil and English 3 mundu 2 ______________________ Paste a 4 idli 3 ______________________ picture of 4 ______________________ yourself in traditional ______________________ clothes ______________________ here. Understanding The different languages, types of food and clothing make India diverse. Diversity means a ‘variety or range of different things’. REASONS FOR DIVERSITY India has cold mountains in the north and warm plains and plateaus in the south. We have dry heat in the west and humidity in the east. The climate and natural regions affect the culture of each region. Climate and physical features also affect the crops grown. The staple diet or main food depends on what is easily available. These factors also affect the clothing of different regions. The map on the next page tells us more about the diversity in India. Languages, Food and Clothing 5 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 5 7/28/2023 4:18:33 PM

DIVERSITY IN INDIA Climate: It is cold in Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh so on. Clothing: People use warm, woollen clothing. Kashmiri pashmina shawls and shawls from Nagaland and Manipur are famous. Food: Seasonal fruits and vegetables are used to make food. Meat is popular too. Climate: In the desert of Rajasthan and Gujarat, it is either very hot or very cold. There are very few trees, plants and flowers. Clothing: Clothes are made from light cotton cloth. They are bright and colourful. Mirrors are used to decorate clothes. Woollen shawls are used to keep warm during winters. Food: Bajra and meat are popular in the desert. Climate: In the plains, highlands and plateaus, the climate is good for agriculture. Many grains are grown. Clothing: People wear cotton dhotis, kurtas and saris in the warm season and warm clothes in the colder season. Food: Grains, seasonal fruits and vegetables are used. Climate: It is hot and humid in the coastal regions of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal. Clothing: People wear cotton mundus, dhotis and saris. These loose cotton clothes do not stick to the body. Food: Fish is an important part of the staple diet. Rice grows as well. Hence people make many dishes from rice. 6 7/28/2023 4:18:33 PM Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 6

Application Which languages are hidden in these jumbled letters? • UNPBIAJ – _____________________ • UUDR – _____________________ • DIHNI – _____________________ • DOOB – _____________________ Read about the following people in the table on pages 4 and 5. Find out about the languages they speak 2 Tick those who are bilingual. Circle those who are multilingual. Savita Karthik Lakshmi Julie Akavi Murali Afshan How many languages do you speak? Are you bilingual? Are you multilingual? Indians are diverse. At the same time, we are united as people of India. We sing the same national anthem and celebrate the same national festivals such as Independence Day and Republic Day. All Indians are also united by the same constitution. The Constitution of India contains the laws followed in India. It states that all Indians are equal in front of the law. Thus in India there is unity in diversity. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) 1)  Choose any two states along with a partner. Find out the following. • the official languages in their states • one traditional food item from each state Find a picture of the traditional clothes worn in those states. Make a chart and compare them. Languages, Food and Clothing 7 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 7 7/28/2023 4:18:35 PM

Amazing Facts There are more than 100 ways to wear a sari. Here are four popular ways. Connect the Dots English Fun Many words from Indian languages have become a part of English. The Gujarati word ‘bangalo’ is used in English and spelt as ‘bungalow’. It means a low-rising house, usually of one storey and with a large verandah. New Words 1) unity – being together; feeling like a part of one group 2) vegetarian – of the people who do not eat meat 3) majority – most of a certain group 4) humidity – the amount of water (vapour) in the air 5) climate – the usual weather conditions of a place 8 7/28/2023 4:18:37 PM Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 8

Lesson 7 Communities and Festivals Did you know that different communities celebrate different festivals throughout the year? For example, Jains say sorry for the wrong things they did on ‘Paryushana Parva’. Parsis celebrate Parsi New Year or Nowruz where they go to the ‘agiary’ to pray. But firstly, what is a community? An agiary A community is a group of people who share a common culture. India has many different communities. They have different languages, food and clothing habits. They also have various forms of art such as music, dance, drama, drawing, painting and writing. How are communities formed? Communities are formed in many ways. • People from a certain place form a community in that Fishing community place. For example, people from Mumbai form Mumbai’s in Assam community. • Communities from the same place may share the same language. For example, people who speak Assamese form the Assamese community. 9 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 9 7/28/2023 4:18:39 PM

• People who share the same interests also form communities. People who love reading belong to a community of booklovers and those who love football belong to a community of football fans. Nowadays, people with similar interests create communities even on the internet to share their ideas and stories with each other. People also form communities based on their religions. People of different religions What is a religious community? A religious community consists of people who follow the same religion. The following are some of the major religions practised across India: • Hinduism • Islam • Buddhism • Jainism • Christianity • Zoroastrianism • Sikhism Followers of the major religions of India Can one belong to more than one community? People can belong to many communities at the same time. For example, one can be a Bengali Christian, a Bihari Muslim or a Tamil Buddhist. Many people move from one state to another. Their parents or grandparents might have been from a different state. They may feel like they belong to both their old state and their new state. What is a festival? A festival is a celebration of an event. We can learn about a community’s culture and traditions through its festivals. Different communities celebrate different festivals throughout the year. Many festivals are celebrated with new clothes, special food and traditional dances. Festivals can be broadly divided into national, harvest and religious festivals. 10 7/28/2023 4:18:39 PM Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 10

• India is often called the land of festivals. Can you name three festivals of India? • Which festival does your family celebrate in a grand manner? So, what are the national festivals that we celebrate in India? Three days in each year are very important in all parts of Republic Day parade India. They are celebrated as national festivals. They remind us of the people who made India a free country. Here are the dates on which these national festivals are celebrated. National festivals Celebrated on Republic Day 26 January Independence Day 15 August 2 October Gandhi Jayanti The following special days are also celebrated all over India to remember the birthdays of important people. Date Special day Why is it celebrated? 14 April Ambedkar Jayanti Dr B R Ambedkar was a freedom fighter who 5 September helped to make laws for India. 14 November Teachers’ Day S Radhakrishnan was the President of India. Children’s Day He dreamed of excellence among teachers in India. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He believed that children are very important for the country’s future. Communities and Festivals 11 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 11 7/28/2023 4:18:40 PM

Shall we learn about harvest festivals next? Many festivals celebrate the harvest season. Crops are gathered from the fields at the time of harvest. Farmers celebrate these harvest festivals to thank nature for the crops. Below mentioned are some important harvest festivals celebrated in India. Harvest festivals Community that celebrates it Baisakhi Punjabi people Magh Bihu Assamese people Onam Malayali people Pongal Tamil people Aren’t you curious about religious festivals? Some festivals celebrate the end of a long religious period. Muslims fast1 Eid-ul-fitr during the month of Ramadan. Eid-ul-fitr celebrates the end of Ramadan. Some Christians fast during the period of Lent. After Lent ends, Easter is celebrated. Events in the lives of gods and goddesses are also celebrated. Bonalu, Diwali and Ganesh Chaturthi are celebrated by Hindus to mark the visits of gods and goddesses to Earth. Durga Puja and Dussehra are celebrated as a sign of good winning over evil. Christmas is an Diwali Durga Puja Christmas important celebration for Christians. It celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. The New Year’s days for different communities are also important festivals. Read about some of them below. _____________________________________ 1 fast – not eat for a certain period of time 12 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 12 7/28/2023 4:18:41 PM

Name of the New Year’s days Community that celebrates it Gudi Padwa Marathi and Kannada people Poila Boisakh Ugadi Bengali people Kannada, Andhra and Telugu people Can you guess which festivals are shown in the given pictures? Fill in the blanks. __e__ub__i__ D__ __ B__i__a__h__ G__d__ Pa__w__ Reflection Time! 1) Which community or communities do you and your family belong to? (Think of the place you were born in, the place where you stay, the languages you speak, your religion and so on.) 2) If you had to form a community with some of your friends based on your interests, what would it be? 3) Do you think everyone should celebrate all festivals? 4) Are there any festivals that your family enjoys even though it isn’t a festival common to your community? Communities and Festivals 13 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 13 7/28/2023 4:18:44 PM

Lesson 8 Our Occupations When we fall sick, who do we go to for help? We go to the doctor. Sometimes, the doctor prescribes medicines for us to take. We buy medicines from the chemist1. Greengrocers, doctors and chemists are occupations that people have. What is an occupation and how do people choose it? An occupation is the job or work that people do to earn money. People then use this money to buy things and pay bills. People choose their occupation according to the following: • their interests   • their education   • their skills2 For example, some people are interested in sports and fitness. They may become sportspersons or join the police or army. _____________________________________ 7/28/2023 4:18:48 PM chemist1 – someone who sells medicines skills2 – an ability to do something well 1144 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 14

What are the different types of occupations? When people work, they either do some action or make something. For example, a teacher teaches, while a potter makes pots. Let us find out the differences between the ‘people who do’ and the ‘people who make’. People who do Their actions are the main part of their occupation. For example, sweepers sweep the streets to keep them clean. We can see the actions they do. We can see them working every day. For example, we can see a teacher teaching every day. Here are some more examples of occupations that involve people doing some actions: Policewoman Driver Greengrocer People who make They help us by creating or making things. For example, farmers grow the crops we eat. We can see, touch, feel or use the things they make. They may take days, weeks or even months to make things. For example, farmers take about 100 days to grow onions. Here are some more examples of occupations that involve people making things: Factory worker Chef Carpenter Construction worker What kind of occupations do your parents have? Are they people who do or people who make? Our Occupations 15 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 15 7/28/2023 4:18:54 PM

There are many occupations that people can choose to do. Occupations can change with time and place. All occupations are equally important. We should respect all the people who do or make different things. Sit with a partner and name as many occupations as you can turn by turn. Do not repeat an occupation that your partner has already named. Keep a count of how many occupations you are able to name. How have occupations changed over time? Over time, occupations have changed because of different reasons. Let us now look at some examples: A photographer New inventions: When new machines are invented, people who can use these machines are required. This means that new occupations are created. For example, after the camera was invented, people started working as camerapersons and photographers. Machines replacing jobs: Sometimes machines can do things Robots making cars faster than humans and without mistakes. So, very often a in a factory machine does the work instead of people. This means people have to leave that occupation. In many factories, cars are put together by robots. So, the people who put together cars had to change their jobs. A babysitter Changes in society: Sometimes people change the way they live. Such changes result in new occupations. For example, earlier, women used to remain at home and look after children. Now, they have started working. As a result, many people have started working as babysitters. An easier way of doing things: Sometimes, the occupation remains A note-counting the same. However, it is done differently. machine Earlier, cashiers working in banks used to count notes themselves. Now, banks have note-counting machines which cashiers use. Reflection Time! 1) We have learned about some occupations that have changed over time. Can you think of any more occupations that have changed? 16 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 16 7/28/2023 4:18:55 PM

2) Do you think that technology is making more occupations change? Can you think of any examples? 3) Are there some occupations in which there are more women than men? Which are those? Why do you think that is the case? 4) Can you choose any two occupations that you want to become good at? Why are you interested in these occupations? Our Occupations 17 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 17 7/28/2023 4:18:55 PM

Lesson What Is History? 9 Let Us Learn About R ‘past’, ‘history’, ‘timeline’ and ‘sources of history’. U the importance of learning history. A people who study history and how they use the sources of history. h making a timeline of events. Think Mrs Irani is wearing a sari, and she is proudly showing it to Meher and Rashi. Mrs Irani: This sari belonged to my grandmother. It is more than one hundred years old! It is a part of our family history. Rashi: What is family history, Mrs Irani? Mrs Irani: Well, it is the story of your family. I know An old family photo stories about what my grandparents did when they were young. My grandfather also told me stories about his father and mother. I learned about my family’s past through these stories. Rashi: I want to know about my family history, too! Q. What is family history? (A) a poem to learn (B) the story of a family (C) a bedtime story (D) the story of a place 18 7/28/2023 4:18:57 PM Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 18

Remembering The word past refers to the time that has gone by. It is the time before ‘now’. The word ‘history’ comes from the Greek word ‘historia’. It means ‘a story’ or ‘an account of anything that has happened’. Thus a study of past events is called history. It also refers to the past and all things that have happened at that time. How can we remember all the events that happened in the past? TIMELINE We use the correct order of events to remember and understand the past. A timeline is a drawing that shows the order of events that took place in the past. Look at the example. An example of a timeline On a timeline, the first event is on the left-hand side. The latest event is on the right-hand side. A timeline can only show the order of events that have happened in the past. It helps us to remember when events happened in the past. But how do we learn about history? To learn about history in detail, we need to know more about the sources of history. SOURCES OF HISTORY We need objects, materials, buildings and written stories to study the past. These are called sources of history. Stories that tell us about the past are also sources of history. They may or may not be written. The three types of sources of history are as follows. Oral sources: stories, songs and poems that people remember Written sources: letters, books, plays and travel stories written in the past Archaeological sources: famous buildings, tools, clothes, jewellery and other such materials What Is History? 19 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 19 7/28/2023 4:18:57 PM

We use different sources of history to learn different things about the past. Sources of history What can we learn from them? Oral sources languages spoken, everyday activities and festivals Written sources laws, famous people and places Archaeological sources commonly used objects, materials used to make things Understanding THE NEED TO STUDY HISTORY Different people study history for different reasons. A doctor studies history to understand the different diseases and treatments of the past. A journalist studies history to understand the present events better. An architect learns about ways of constructing buildings and the materials used in the past. The study of materials helps them understand which materials are strong and which are weak. This helps them make new buildings better. Some reasons to study history are as follows. • to understand the stories of people in different situations • to know why events happened in the past • to understand the changes that took place in the world over a period of time • to help us become better citizens WAYS OF LEARNING ABOUT FAMILY HISTORY Every person also has a past or family history. How can we know about the family history of our older family members? We can learn about our family history in many ways. Some of them are the following. • We can look at oral sources such as the stories that our family members remember about themselves and others. • For written sources, we can read letters, diaries and journals of various family members. • W e can also look at old photographs, clothes, jewellery, videos and other belongings. Application ARCHAEOLOGISTS AND HISTORIANS Archaeologists and historians work together to learn about the past. They find out about different people and groups. An archaeologist studies buildings, paintings, clothes and other objects used by the people in the past. A historian studies the meaning of the text in books and other documents written in the past. 20 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 20 7/28/2023 4:18:57 PM

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) 1)  M ake a timeline of your life in the given space. You can use the following information. • the day you were born • your first day of school • the first annual day performance • a recent family holiday What Is History? 21 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 21 7/28/2023 4:18:57 PM

Remember to take the help of your family to get the information. 2)  F ind one written source and one oral source from your family’s history. Write down what they are. Written source: _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Oral source: ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Amazing Facts Human beings used to live in caves. A cave is a large hole-like space that is commonly formed on the side of a mountain or a hill. Human beings painted pictures on the walls of the caves that they lived in. The oldest cave painting is thousands of years old. Connect the Dots Maths Fun Like a timeline, a line to count numbers is called a ‘number line’. Smaller numbers are on the left-hand side and larger numbers are on the right-hand side. smaller numbers larger numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 22 7/28/2023 4:18:58 PM Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 22

New Words 1) event – something important that has happened, is happening or will happen 2) archaeological – relating to the study of objects and places found by excavating sites where people in the past lived 3) disease – something that makes a living being ill or unwell 4) journalist – someone who writes news for a newspaper or magazine 5) architect – someone who designs a building 6) excavate – carefully dig in the ground to find objects from the past What Is History? 23 Hazelwood_G3_SST_TB_Part 2_Book.indb 23 7/28/2023 4:18:58 PM

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