Most of the rock caves in the Deccan were cut during this Amravati Stupa period. The caves, monasteries, chaityas and stupas of Orissa, Nasik, Karle and Bhuj are examples of fine architecture from this period. The stupa at Amravati in Andhra Pradesh is built of marble and demonstrates the skill of the craftsmen during this period. Their architecture can also be seen at Sannati in Gulbarga district and at Banavasi in Uttara Kannada district. Trade and Trade Centres Internal and external trade flourished under the Satavahana rule. Nigamas were major cities that established themselves as trade centres. A number of ports lined the east and west coast of the empire. Kalyana, near Mumbai, was an important port which lay on the western coast. They carried out trade with the Roman Empire. Many goods Coins of Satavahanas were exported from the kingdom to Rome and in return, the Romans made their payments in gold. This is one of the factors which led to great economic progress for the Satavahanas. Many guilds were established during the Satavahana rule, known as Shrenis. Guilds were associations formed to protect the interests of the traders. Each shreni was headed by a leader called shreshti or setty. Application Some other great Hindu Kingdoms are: The Kadambas of Banavasi Kadamba (345 - 525 AD) was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka. It was founded by Mayura Sharma, a Brahmin who adopted the name Kadamba to emphasise his change to a Kshatriya. Legend also states that he acquired the name as his mother gave birth to him under a Kadamba tree. The capital of the Kadambas was Banavasi in Uttara Karnataka. The earliest inscriptions of the Kannada script of the Kadamba period were discovered at Hamlidi village in Hassan district. Even though Sanskrit was used as the medium of instruction, Kannada was used much later on. Ancient Dynasties of South India 47 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 47 2/5/2018 3:00:44 PM
Kubja, the first Sanskrit scholar of Karnataka, was famous Madhukeshwara temple, Banavasi during the Kadamba rule. Inscriptions written by him were discovered at Talagunda in Shivmoga district. This is the earliest Sanskrit inscriptions to be found in the state. The Kadambas built many temples at Banavasi, Madhukeshwara being the most important one. Madhukeshwara was the family deity of the Kadambas. Banavasi also contains an attractive sculpture of Parashurama. The Gangas of Talakadu Large parts of Southern Karnataka were ruled by the Ganga Dynasty from 4th -10th century AD. They were the longest rulers of Karnataka. Their capital was initially Kolar and then was shifted to Talakad (now in Mysore). Durvineetha was the famous ruler among the Ganga Kings. Inscriptions were found comparing him to Lord Krishna. The Ganga kings were themselves great writers. Chavundaraya wrote ‘Chavundaraya Purana’, a significant work in Kannada prose. The Gangas also built many beautiful temples for Kolaramma at Kolar and Pathaleshwara at Talakadu. Hundreds of stone slabs erected in the honour of heroes who became martyrs can be found throughout the kingdom of the Gangas. They are known as ‘Veeragallus’, and on these stone slabs, descriptions of heroic scenes depicting heroic acts of soldiers can be found. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Tamil Nadu is the neighbouring state of Karnataka and has many great poets. One such great poet was Thiruvallur, of the Sangam age. ‘Thirukkural’ is his most famous work. It contains 1330 couplets or Kurals. Each Kural contains one to one and a half line sayings which are rich in meaning. Find out the meaning of this Kural and share it with your classmates. “There are fools who choose to be poor despite possessing wealth, by not being hospitable to guests.” 48 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 48 2/5/2018 3:00:45 PM
Amazing Facts The Gomateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola is the tallest monolithic statue in the world. Built by the Gangas, this statue stands at a height of 58 feet atop the Doddabetta hill. It was erected by Chavundaraya, a minister of Ganga King Rachamalla. The statue is about one thousand years old. New Words 1) deity – a god or goddess Ancient Dynasties of South India 49 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 49 2/5/2018 3:00:45 PM
Lesson Our Government 9 I Will Learn About 9.1 R how we rule ourselves. U how democracy and elections work in India; levels of government. A sections of the central government. h comparison between different forms of government. Concept 9.1: India’s Democratic Government Think Mr and Mrs Jain are taking Rashi out. Rashi wants to know where they are going. Rashi: Mother, where are we going? Mrs Jain: The elections are today. We are going to the polling station. Rashi: Which train are we catching from the polling station? Mrs Jain: We are not catching a train from the polling station. QQ. What do you think Rashi’s parents will do at the polling station? (A) pick up a relative (B) take part in the elections (C) see a railway museum (D) book a train ticket 50 2/5/2018 3:00:48 PM KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 50
Remembering You have learned earlier that India was ruled by different kings and queens. Do you remember some of them? You have also learned that many European trading companies also came to India. Can you recall one of them? You have also studied that India fought against the British rule and became free on 15th August 1947. After India became free, our leaders decided that people should be allowed to elect their government. In other words, India’s leaders chose democracy. What is a ‘democracy’? A democracy is a government run by the people. In a democracy, the people are the most powerful group. They can choose their leaders. This is different from the rule of kings and queens where they have all the power. Let us now look at some of the features of a democracy. FEATURES OF A DEMOCRACY Understanding We have read that one of the main features of democracy is that people get to choose their representatives. In India, we choose our representatives through elections. Our Government 51 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 51 2/5/2018 3:00:49 PM
WHAT IS AN ELECTION? An election is a method of choosing a representative by voting. They are held after a fixed number of years. In India, they are held every five years. Process of Election • Political parties • People go to • The votes are share their ideas. polling stations counted. The political party that forms and vote. the government is called the • They tell people • The candidate ruling party. The leader of the about the • They do not with the most ruling party becomes the head candidates from need to tell votes wins. of the government. The head of their parties. anyone who they the government chooses some voted for. • The political party Before the elections with the most On election day number of winning After the elections candidates forms the government. winning candidates from his or her party to work in the government. These candidates are responsible for different departments. Example: one candidate manages the agriculture department, while another manages the education department. Elections for different levels of government Do you know that there are three levels of government in India? They are the local, state and central governments. We have elections to elect representatives at all three levels. Name of the election Levels of the government Local election Local government State election State government Central government National election The working of the Government The central, state and the local governments have separate responsibilities. However, the central, state and local governments work together for the welfare of the people. Example: the local government installs street lights. The state government distributes electricity to all the cities and villages. The central government, on the other hand, gives permission for electrical projects and decides the price to be charged. Let us learn more about these levels. Level 1: The local government The local government looks after the needs of people at the village, town or city level. It has two levels – urban and village local governments. Urban local government Village local government The urban local government looks after the The village local government is responsible needs of the people living in cities and towns. for the welfare of people living in villages. 52 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 52 2/5/2018 3:00:50 PM
Level 2: The state government The state government takes care of many things such as agriculture, education and roads. The state government is made up of a State Assembly, Chief Minister, Governor and other ministers. Level 3: The central government The central government governs the entire country. It deals with the defence of India, relations with other countries, railways and shipping to name a few. Application You have understood the three different levels of the government. Now let us look at the structure of the central government. THREE SECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT • the Parliament – has three parts and makes rules or laws for the entire country • the executive – implements the rules made by the Parliament • the courts – make sure that the laws are followed the Parliament by everyone. People who break these laws are punished. Let us learn more about the Parliament. The Parliament has three parts. They are the President of India, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha consists of members elected by the people during inside the Lok Sabha general elections. It is also called the House of the People. The Prime Minister is an important member of the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha consists of members indirectly elected by different states and union territories. It is also called the Council of States. The Vice-President of India is an important member of the Rajya Sabha. The President is the head of the country. He or she is elected by the inside the Rajya Sabha members of the Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies. Our Government 53 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 53 2/5/2018 3:00:51 PM
Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) 1) Discuss with your classmates about how things would be if you lived under the rule of a king instead of in a democracy. Hint: You can discuss the absence of elections, limited freedom to express one’s thoughts and no or a limited number of courts. Amazing Facts India is the largest democracy in the world. Among all the democracies in the world, India has the highest population. New Words 1) election – a process through which people can choose the people to act or speak for them 2) polling station 3) vote – a place where people can go to vote in the elections 4) opinion – share one’s choice 5) representative – thoughts about a particular topic or person – someone who has been chosen to act or speak for a 6) political party person or a group of people 7) candidate – a group of people who have similar aims, ideas and 8) govern thoughts and who want to be a part of the government – someone who wants to be chosen or elected – to make laws and find ways for people to follow them 54 2/5/2018 3:00:52 PM KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 54
Lesson Local Administration 10 I Will Learn About 10.1 R what is local administration? U why do we need local administration? A some examples of local administration and their functions h write a letter to the local administration Concept 10.1: Local Administration Think Meher called Rashi over the phone one late evening. Meher: Dadaji fell down sometime back on the street near our house. He hurt himself. Luckily it’s a small injury. Rashi: How is Dadaji now? Meher: He has a few cuts and a sprain in his ankle. Rashi: Thank God. How did it happen? Meher: The street lights in our lane are not working. It is dark at night. He stepped onto a stone and slipped and fell. Papa is very upset. He went to complain to the Municipal Corporation. Rashi: What is Municipal Corporation? Meher: Papa says it is an office which has our local representatives who take care of the public facilities. QQ. Where did Rashi's father go to complain? (A) Doctor (B) Grandfather (C) Office (D) Municipal Corporation KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 55 55 2/5/2018 3:00:54 PM
Remembering Local Self-Government: The people of a certain locality understand their problems very well. Usually they also have an idea as to what developmental activities are necessary in the area. For this very purpose, a Panchayati Raj Act has been implemented. Under this act, Panchayats are established in both rural and urban areas. They are provided with funds for the following main purposes: 1) To establish self-governance in villages. 2) Empower Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and women by providing reservations of seats in the panchayats. 3) Implement developmental programmes with the help of local population. As per this system, there are Gram Panchayats at the village level; Taluk Panchayats at the Taluk level and Zilla Panchayat at the district level. Understanding Let us understand the different administrations and how they are formed. Election Term of Office They are appointed in It consists of elected office for a period of five members of each years. Panchayat. There is reservation of seats Gram and Taluk for Scheduled Castes, Panchayats Scheduled Tribes, women and other backward community members. Members Heads People who reside within The elected members the Panchayat limits elect President or the Vice are the members of the President as their leader. Panchayat. 56 2/5/2018 3:00:54 PM KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 56
Election Zilla Panchayat Term of Office Zilla panchayat consists They are appointed in of elected members from Urban office for a period of five every taluk of the district. Administration years. There is reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Heads Scheduled Tribes, women Zilla panchayats have and other backward many standing community members. committees. One of the members will be the Members chairman for each The Lok Sabha, Rajya committee. Sabha, Legislative Assembly and Legislative Term of Office Council Members They are elected in office belonging to the district for a period of five years. are also members. All Presidents of the Taluk Heads Panchayats are also its Members elect one members. among them as the President and another Election person as the Vice There is reservation of seats President. The municipality for Scheduled Castes, will be administered by a Scheduled Tribes, women Chief Officer called the and other backward Commissioner. community members. Members It consists of three local bodies – Town Panchayat, Corporations and the City Council. The members are called councillors. Local Administration 57 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 57 2/5/2018 3:00:55 PM
Election Term of Office There is reservation of seats They are elected in office for Scheduled Castes, for a period of five years Scheduled Tribes, women and other backward City community members. Corporations Members Heads People who reside within the City Council limits are Corporators will elect one the members. Respective among them as the Mayor members of the Lok and a Deputy Sabha, Rajya Saha, Mayor. Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council are also the members. Members are called Corporators. Application We shall now look into the functions performed by each of these administrations. We shall also look at their sources of income. Gram and Taluk Panchayats Function: The main function of a panchayat is to undertake developmental activities. We also have something known as the Gram Sabha which forms the lowest level at the panchayati system. The Panchayati Raj system aims at strengthening the administration activities of the Gram Sabha. The members meet at least two times in a year and all of them are aged above 18. Sources of Income: Grants received from the Government and Zilla Panchayats along with the taxes and rent from the people of the locality. Also, Gram Sabha identifies beneficiaries for its welfare schemes. Zilla Panchayat Function: They prepare annual plan for the development of Zilla Panchayat area. They provide relief to victims of natural calamities. They monitor the developmental programmes and government schools in the district. 58 2/5/2018 3:00:56 PM KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 58
Sources of Income: It comprises of grants from the Government, loans raised and lastly income from the taxes, rent and fees collected. What work do the town panchayats, municipalities and corporations do? Function: Municipalities and corporations look after the developmental works. Developmental works like health, street lights, sanitation, sewage, water supply, road building and so on are undertaken. For City planning and development, there is a separate body called Development Authority. Sources of Income: Government grants and property tax are the major sources. Water cess, health cess, education cess, beggary cess, fire cess and rents are other sources. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) What role does the citizen play in a local administration organisation? Find out information about this from the newspaper, library or the internet. Amazing Facts India has nearly 1.5 million elected women representatives at the local level — in terms of numbers, this is the highest globally! New Words 1) Empower – giving support to politically, financially and socially weaker people 2) Reservation 3) Grants – keeping certain seats for some special groups 4) Term – money given by government for a specific purpose 5) Cess – a set period of time during which something happens – a tax for a specific purpose Local Administration 59 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 59 2/5/2018 3:00:56 PM
Lesson People with Physical 11 Disabilities I Will Learn About 11.1 R what is a physical disability? U what are the challenges of people with physical disabilities? A How to be respectful to people with physical disabilities? h People who overcame physical disability – ordinary and extraordinary. Concept 11.1: People with Physical Disabilities Think Rashi was watching a live speech, named ‘On the top of the world’, on television with her mother. Rashi: Ma, what is the name of the lady? What did she do? Ma: She is Arunima Sinha. She climbed the Mount Everest. Rashi: Ma, She must be really courageous to climb the highest peak. During the break, Rashi continued. Rashi: Ma, she told us that we should be brave and set high goals to be successful. As the program came to an end, Rashi noticed that Arunima was having a prosthetic leg. 60 2/5/2018 3:00:57 PM KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 60
Q1 Rashi was excitedly speaking about: (A) school (B) teacher ( C) Arunima Sinha ( D) Mount Everest Remembering A disability is a condition that a person has which limits them in some way. A physical disability limits the way the body works. Example: a physical disability may limit the way a part of the body grows, moves, or does what it is supposed to do.It may limit a person for seeing or hearing or speaking or walking. It may interfere with a person’s ability to walk, hear, talk, see, think or learn. It does not Srikanth Bolla is CEO and founder affect each person in the same way. In addition, some of Bollant Industries. He is the people might have multiple disabilities. first international blind student People with a disability or at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. disabilities may need to use special equipment to aid them. This can include using a wheelchair, a cane or walking stick, hearing aids, a teletypewriter or specially designed software and hardware for their personal computers. Stephen Hawking is one of the We often see people greatest scientists of this century. with disabilities around us. Perhaps, you have Due to his paralysis he cannot also helped them move or talk well. sometimes. You may have helped a person who has a visual disability to cross the road. You may have pushed a wheelchair for a person. They are normal people like all of us. People with disabilities can do many of the things Shekar Naik: The blind cricketer from you do, but it might take them a little longer. They may Karnataka who won India the World need assistance or supporting equipment to help them. Cup in 2014. He is the former captain of the India national blind cricket team. We should understand that differences are normal, but people have many similarities too. By focusing on what people have in common, we can bond with each other over common interests. No matter what differences people with disabilities may possess, they like to have fun and laugh. People with Physical Disabilities 61 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 61 2/5/2018 3:00:58 PM
People with disabilities also have different strengths. Example: a boy who uses a wheelchair may be fluent in both English and paint very well. A girl with a visual disability may be a great singer. Understanding As you saw, people with physical disabilities are like any other people. However, their limitations sometimes, put some challenges in front of them. Let us understand them and find out how we can support them. Physical Challenges A lot of people don’t consider them as ‘normal.’ It could be because some people that are physically disabled cannot walk, see, hear, talk, think or learn. Some challenges that they face Challenge of boarding a train are that not all places are easy to enter for them. Example: buildings without wheel chair ramps are difficult for them to move. Challenges for a person who can’t see would be the signs outside of doors that don’t always have the Braille underneath the Challenge of crossing a road writing. So, that would make it difficult for them to move themselves around a building or find the place that they need to be. Wheelchair ramp Another challenge is adjusting to their surroundings and becoming familiar with all the places they go. If they go to a new place there would be a great chance them to collide with something. A challenge for a person who cannot speak would be to get a job since most jobs require talking. Also, if they go somewhere alone there might not be knows sign language. So, that would make it difficult for them communicate and tell them what they want. Child asking using sign language 62 2/5/2018 3:00:59 PM KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 62
Emotional Challenges The local government looks after the needs of people at the village, town or city level. It has two levels – urban and village local governments. Sometimes people with physical disabilities are not respected. They are ill-treated or not given the support necessary. At other times, people pass comments at them or make fun of them, call them names. It could be either at home, at school, at work or in public. This might become an emotional challenge for them. Application As you read earlier, people with physical disabilities might face emotional challenges just like anyone else. Just as no human is like another, no person with disability is the same. People with same disabilities are also different. When speaking or associating with a person with a physical disability: - Smile; be yourself. - Focus on what a person can do. - Talk to a person with disability about how you can include the person in activities or what the person is comfortable with. - Be respectful. Offer assistance if asked or if the need is obvious. Move wheelchairs or other mobility aids with permission from the owner. - Speak slowly and directly when talking to a person with a hearing impairment. - Be patient. - B e considerate of that people’s feelings when talking to others. Would you want what you are about to say being said about you? - Remember that a person with a disability is not a ‘disable woman’ or ‘handicapped man’. Refer to them by their name and not by these words. All human beings like to be respected. People with Physical Disabilities 63 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 63 2/5/2018 3:00:59 PM
Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Once we learn to appreciate that no two people are alike and that some differences are just more noticeable, we begin to respect people with disabilities. Let us read about two of them who did not allow the disabilities to limit them and discuss two questions with your class. Rajinder Singh Rahelu was only eight months old, when he was affected by polio. Since then he has not been able to walk. He was motivated by his friend to pursue a career in weight lifting. He started by lifting a weight of 75 kg. But rigorous training and motivation made him strong enough to lift a weight of 115 kg within six months. He has made history after winning a silver medal in power lifting at the Commonwealth Games 2014. Sheela Sharma was only four when she lost both her arms in a train accident. Sheela’s interest in art was clear right from childhood when she would use her mouth and feet to write and paint. She is today one of India’s most well-known foot and mouth artists. She has exhibited at many prestigious art galleries, including the Jehangir Art Gallery in Mumbai. Questions to discuss: 1) How did you feel when you read about them? 2) What questions would you ask them if they came to your class? Amazing Facts There are more than 26 million people in India who have some or the other kind of disability. This is more than the population of Mumbai, Bengaluru and Hyderabad combined together! We should ensure society has more public facilities for people with physical disabilities. 64 2/5/2018 3:01:00 PM KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 64
New Words 1) assistance – the action of helping someone by sharing work People with Physical Disabilities 65 KA_Alpine_SST_G5_TB.indb 65 2/5/2018 3:01:00 PM
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