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Class 3 Part 1 2 Module 2 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 9 3 Module 3 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 R2 Reading Comprehension �������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 R3 Reading Comprehension 63 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 4 3/19/2018 10:38:49 AM
Module 2 PR Vocabulary Q Spellings and jumbled words Exercise 2.1: Underline the correctly spelt word in each of the given word pairs. 1) relativ relative 2) piece p eice 3) calendar calender 4) neighbour neybour 5) liberary library 6) whistel w histle Exercise 2.2: Unscramble the jumbled letters to make words related to family. 1) MALIFY – ______________________________________ 2) SLEFMY – ______________________________________ 3) TFHARE – ______________________________________ 4) SSTRIE – ______________________________________ 5) OCUINS – ______________________________________ 6) TEMHOR – ______________________________________ Module 2 9 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 13 3/19/2018 10:38:49 AM
Grammar Punctuation Punctuation marks are symbols that are used to add clarity to sentences. . Full stop It shows the end of a statement. Example: My mother works at a hospital. She loves ? Question mark her work. , Comma It is used at the end of a question. Example: Do you know a song about friendship? It is used to separate three or more words in a list. It also tells readers where to pause. Examples: There are boxes, bags, toys and clothes in the storeroom. Sandeep, please come here. Let us learn about a new punctuation mark. Examples: • This mark is used to • What a great surprise! ! Exclamation mark express strong feelings (joy or surprise) such as joy, anger, pain, excitement, • What a horrible smell! (surprise or disgust) sadness or surprise. • Ouch! I hurt my knee. (pain) 10 3/19/2018 10:38:49 AM 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 14
Many words always start with a capital letter. Remember the acronym M.I.N.T.S. for the usage of capital letters. Acronym Examples • O ur exams are in November. M : months, names of days • Sunday is my favourite day of the week. • I have a new pet. I : the word ‘I’ • He asked me if I study in Don Bosco School. N : s pecial names given to • My pen pal Ranu lives in Sydney in Australia. people, states, cities and • I wish to go to Manipur during the holidays. countries – proper nouns T : titles of books and movies • I am going to see Harry Potter today. • Feluda is my favourite book. S : start of sentences • I have a new pet. His name is Tuffy. Exercise 3.1: Capitalise the necessary words and add the missing punctuation marks. One is done for you. 1) ravi is drawing a picture of lord ganesha Ans. Ravi is drawing a picture of Lord Ganesha. 2) wow that is a beautiful dress that you are wearing Ans. 3) i borrowed her blue red and green pens as i had left mine at home Ans. 4) do you need something from the bazaar Ans. 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 15 Module 2 11 3/19/2018 10:38:49 AM
5) i lost my purse chain and keys in the accident Ans. 6) what beautiful weather Ans. Exercise 3.2: Rewrite the paragraph given below with the correct punctuation marks and capital letters wherever required. The first part is done for you. once upon a time! There was a dog named kalu? he loved going for walks and chewing, his bone Kalu lived with a Boy named Salim. salim took good care of kalu Ans. Once upon a time, 12 3/19/2018 10:38:49 AM 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 16
Module 3 PR Vocabulary Q Prefixes A prefix is a group of letters that we add to the beginning of a word to make a new word with a different meaning. Every prefix has its own meaning. Examples: Word Prefix + word Example sentence • discourage dis + courage • unkind un + kind The teacher discouraged students from • rewrite re + write coming late to class. • impossible im + possible • inability in + ability The children were unkind to the kitten. • mislead mis + lead We were asked to rewrite the homework. It always seems impossible until it is done. His inability to reach on time made him miss the train. We should not mislead others by giving false information. 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 25 Module 3 21 3/19/2018 10:38:50 AM
Exercise 2.1: Complete the table by combining the base words with the correct prefixes. One is done for you. Prefix Base word New word im- honest 1) dishonest in- cover 2) un- place 3) re- pure 4) mis- 5) dis- sufficient 6) call Exercise 2.2: Complete the sentences by using the right prefixes for the words in brackets. 1) I need to ____________________________ (fill) my water bottle before we leave for home. 2) You can’t leave your work ____________________________ (finished). 3) Nobody likes ____________________________ (polite) behaviour. 4) The lion ____________________________ (appeared) into the jungle. 5) Mou was lost because she had ____________________________ (correct) directions to the house. 6) I ____________________________ (understood) my friend and fought with her. 22 3/19/2018 10:38:50 AM 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 26
Grammar Singular and plural Read the passage given below about a visit to a wildlife park. There are a few plurals used in the passage. Underline the plurals. Then, write their singular forms in the table given below. We went to the Jim Corbett National Park recently. It has many animals and birds. We drove through the jungle full of trees with thick branches. We spotted many foxes, wild pigs and elephants. There were many buses that were full of tourists in the park. We also saw a few rabbits behind some bushes. On our way back, we stopped at an eatery and ate many tasty dishes. We also drank glasses of orange juice. Plural Singular Plural Singular 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 27 Module 3 23 3/19/2018 10:38:50 AM
Remember • Regular plurals are formed by adding ‘-s’ to the ends of words. Examples: car – cars, pen – pens • M any plurals are formed in different ways and not just by adding ‘-s’ to the ends of words. ♦ To form the plurals of words that end in ‘-x’, ‘-o’, ‘-s’, ‘-ch’, ‘-sh’ and ‘-ss’, we add ‘-es’ to the ends. Examples: box – boxes, potato – potatoes, bus – buses, church – churches, wish – wishes, glass – glasses More on plurals Read the following sentences: Tina had a candy. She There is a lady inside the My sister has a diary. bought fifteen more doctor’s office. There are I have many diaries. candies. two ladies in the waiting room. Remember To form the plurals of nouns that end in ‘-y’, we remove the ‘-y’ and add ‘-ies’ to the ends of the words. Examples: Plural Singular Plural Singular babies enemy enemies baby cities family families city countries party parties country 24 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 28 3/19/2018 10:38:50 AM
Read the following passage: This is the Patel family. Mr Patel is working in the kitchen along with his two children. His wife, Megha Patel, is doing her office work. The children bought two loaves of bread in the morning to make sandwiches. They carefully cut slices of the bread using knives. Now, Mr Patel is chopping carrots, cucumbers, lettuce leaves and other vegetables. Mr Patel knows where everything is kept on the kitchen shelves. Remember To form the plurals of words that end in ‘-f’ or ‘-fe’, change the ‘-f’ or ‘-fe’ to ‘-ve’ and then add ‘-s’. Examples: Singular Plural Singular Plural loaf loaves knife knives leaf leaves shelf shelves wolf wolves thief thieves life half halves lives Note: A few words ending in ‘-f’ or ‘-fe’ do not follow this rule. For such words, we simply add ‘-s’ to form the plurals. Examples: cliff – cliffs, roof – roofs, chief – chiefs Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with the singular or plural forms of the given nouns. One is done for you. Singular Plural 1) leaf leaves Module 3 25 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 29 3/19/2018 10:38:50 AM
Singular Plural 2) story __________________________ 3) _______________________ classes 4) _______________________ brushes 5) butterfly __________________________ 6) eraser __________________________ Exercise 3.2: Rewrite the following sentences. Change the singular nouns to their plural forms. Make other changes to the sentences so that they are grammatically correct. One is done for you. 1) The rat ate up the corn. Ans. The rats ate up the corn. 2) The carpenter repaired the shelf. Ans. 3) The lady was buying a fruit from the shopkeeper. Ans. 26 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 30 3/19/2018 10:38:50 AM
4) The baby had tiny hands. Ans. 5) The thief had a knife with him. Ans. 6) Sheela’s dress is very long. Ans. 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 31 Module 3 27 3/19/2018 10:38:50 AM
R2 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 41 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. 3/19/2018 10:38:50 AM I saw a potter at a fair. He was making pots with clay. The clay was soft and felt very cool. He had a wheel in front of him that went round and round. He made the pots by placing the clay on the wheel and shaping it with his hands. Then, he placed the pots over a fire to make them hard and strong. I tried making a pot too. It was very exciting to see the clay change form and become something different. The potter gave me a pot to take home. I painted the pot in bright colours. 1) What material did the potter use to make pots? Ans. 2) How did the potter make the pots hard and strong? Ans. 3) Change the tense of the given sentences as per the instructions. a) I saw a potter. (change to the simple future tense) Ans. 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 45
b) He will make clay pots. (change to the simple past tense) Ans. c) I painted the pot in bright colours. (change to the simple present tense) Ans. 4) The word from the passage that rhymes with ‘got’ is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) potter a) shiny and cheerful 2) exciting b) a person who makes objects with clay 3) bright c) something that makes us happy and thrilled Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. A heron lived by the side of a pond that was full of fish. The greedy heron wanted to eat all the fish. So, it lied to the fish that a few fishermen were coming to catch them all. He offered to save the fish by flying them to another pond. He caught the fish in his mouth. Before he could reach the other pond, he ate all of them. One day, a crab climbed into his mouth. The crab realised that something was wrong. He caught the heron’s neck between his claws. He did not let go until the heron promised not to be greedy ever again. 1) Who lived by the side of the pond? Ans. 42 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 46 3/19/2018 10:38:50 AM
2) What did the heron offer to do for the fish? Ans. 3) Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the brackets. a) The pond _______________________ a lot of fish. (has/have) b) A fisherman _______________________ come to the pond. (has/have) c) T he crab and the fish _____________________ left the pond now. (has/have) 4) The word from the passage that is the opposite of ‘right’ is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) heron a) always wanting more of everything 2) greedy b) understood clearly 3) realised c) a large, fish-eating bird with long legs 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 47 Reading Comprehension 43 3/19/2018 10:38:50 AM
R3 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Once, there lived a blind man in a small town. He carried a lighted lamp in his hand whenever he went out at night. One night, a group of men were walking on the same path. They saw the blind man and made fun of him. They said, ‘Oh! blind man, why do you carry the lamp? You are blind and cannot see anything.’ The blind man politely said, ‘This lamp is not for me but for those who have eyes. You may not see a blind man in your path and may collide with him.’ Upon hearing this, the men felt ashamed and asked for forgiveness. 1) What did the blind man carry when he went out at night? Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2) What did the group of men do when they saw the blind man? Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles (‘a’, ‘an’, ‘the’). a) There is _____________ blind man walking on the street. b) Bring me _______________ lamp that the blind man is carrying. 63 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 67 3/19/2018 10:38:51 AM
c) The blind man took ____________ hour to finish his work. . 4) The antonym of ‘polite’ is 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) polite a) crash into someone or something 2) ashamed b) well-mannered 3) collide c) feeling sorry about something Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. One day, a hare made fun of the way a tortoise walked and how slow he was. So, the tortoise challenged the hare to a race. The hare agreed, thinking that he would surely win the race. It was decided that whoever reached the tree first would be the winner. The race began. The hare ran with all his might and reached the halfway mark. By then, the tortoise had only taken ten steps. The hare looked back and decided to rest under a tree. He thought, ‘I can wake up and reach the tree before the tortoise catches up.’ The tortoise kept walking slowly, but he did not stop anywhere. When the hare got up, the tortoise had reached the tree. The slow and steady tortoise won the race. 1) Why did the hare agree to the race? Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 64 3/19/2018 10:38:51 AM 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 68
2) What did the hare do when he reached the halfway mark? Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) C omplete the questions with the correct question words from the brackets. a) ___________________ won the race? (How/Who) b) ___________________ did the hare make fun of? (Why/What) c) ___________________ did the hare get up? (When/Who) 4) Write the meaning of the proverb: ‘Slow and steady wins the race’. Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5) Match the words with their meanings. Column A Column B 1) challenge a) strength 2) might b) succeed in reaching a person who is ahead of one 3) catch up c) to invite someone to a competition 51704104_BGM_9789387888012_Summit G3 English Grammar Composition Part 1_Text.pdf 69 Reading Comprehension 65 3/19/2018 10:38:51 AM
Class 3 Part 2 7 Module 7 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 2 8 Module 8 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 R4 Reading Comprehension �������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 9 Module 9 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 26 R5 Reading Comprehension �������������������������������������������������������������������� 46 12 Module 12 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 62 13 Module 13 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 76
Module 7 PR Vocabulary Q Word groups Exercise 2.1: Write at least four words that belong to each word group. One is done for you. 1) fruits – mango, orange, guava, pineapple 2) vegetables – _______________________________________________________________ 3) flowers – _______________________________________________________________ 4) vehicles – _______________________________________________________________ 5) wild animals – _______________________________________________________________ 6) clothes – _______________________________________________________________ Exercise 2.2: Read the words and write which word groups they belong to. One is done for you. 1) tennis, football, hockey – sports 2) milk, cheese, curd – ______________________________ 3) chair, table, cupboard – ______________________________ 4) pink, blue, green – ______________________________ 2
5) crow, swan, sparrow – ______________________________ 6) arms, face, feet – ______________________________ Grammar Verbs Underline the main verbs and circle the helping verbs in the sentences given below. • Do you want this book? • Shreya is visiting Jaipur today. • They were cooking together. • Does Heena know you? Remember ► Verbs are action words. They show the action that the noun does or show the noun’s state of being. Examples: • Anup draws beautiful pictures. • They live here. ► Helping verbs do not show any action but help the main verbs to complete their meanings. The helping verbs that you have learnt are ‘is’, ‘are’, 'am', ‘was’, ‘were’, ‘do’ and ‘does’. Examples: • He was playing in the park. • She is unwell. Exercise 3.1: Underline the main verbs and circle the helping verbs in the paragraph given below. One is done for you. Meena is a sweet girl. She loves her parents. She is dancing. She attends dance classes every week. Meena is joining the dance group in her school this year. Her parents are proud of her. Module 7 3
Parts of a sentence – subject, verb and object A sentence is made up of three parts. Sentence Subject Verb Object It is what or whom the It is the activity or It is the bearer of the sentence is about; it is action of the subject. action; the somebody who does thing or the person the action. who is acted upon. Look at the subjects, verbs and objects in a few sentences. Sentence Subject Verb Object The snake caught a frog. The snake caught a frog. songs. The children are singing songs. The children are singing the guitar. uniforms. He was playing the guitar. He was playing The students wear uniforms. The students wear Subject and predicate Read the following sentences: The family saw the giraffe. The dog chased the cat. The girls met Rohan. 4
A sentence can also be separated into two parts: Subject Predicate (Verb+Object) S VO The thing or person that we are talking about is known as the subject. Something more about that person or thing is the predicate. This part states what the subject is or does. It always begins with a verb and has the object. Look at the table below for examples of ‘subject’ and ‘predicate’. Subject Predicate The family saw the giraffe. The dog chased the cat. The girls met Rohan. Rohan eats cornflakes for breakfast. The words in bold are verbs. Remember A meaningful and complete sentence needs both the subject and the predicate. Module 7 5
Exercise 3.2: Split the sentences into their subjects, verbs and objects. Then, tick the words that make up the subjects. Put a star on the words that make up the predicates. One is done for you. Sentence Subject Verb Object 1) The lion chased the mouse. The lion chased the mouse. 2) T he men are washing clothes. 3) Ravi is flying a kite. 4) The monkeys wore red caps. 5) Sheela ate a banana. 6) Soha kicked the ball. 6
Module 8 PR Vocabulary Q Wordplay If you replace the ‘d’ in food with ‘t’, what does the word become? t Ans. food foot If we change the ‘n’ in man to ‘t’, what new word do we get? t Ans. man mat What word can we make if we replace the ‘o’ in hot with ‘a’? a Ans. hot hat Module 8 11
Exercise 2.1: Add a letter to each word and make a new word. One is done for you. 1) ear – fear 2) pin – ______________________ 3) rain – ______________________ 4) lip – ______________________ 5) end – ______________________ 6) lap – ______________________ Exercise 2.2: Remove a letter from each word to form a new one. One is done for you. 1) bread – bead, read 2) chair – ______________________ 3) care – ______________________ 4) sour – ______________________ 5) beard – ______________________ 6) beat – ______________________ Grammar Tenses Read the sentences given below. Sam paints every day. Neha and Atif go to school My grandfather reads at seven o’clock. the newspaper in the afternoon. All these sentences describe actions that happen regularly or often. They are in the simple present tense. 12
Can you think of three actions that you do every day? Write a sentence for each activity that you do every day. 1) 2) 3) Remember ► T he simple present tense describes habits, events and actions that happen regularly or are always true. Rule: subject + base verb (+ '-s'/'-es') + object Examples: • Heena jogs every morning. • It always rains in June here. ► Do not add ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ to verbs that come after ‘I’, ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘they’ and plural nouns. ► A dd ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ to verbs that follow ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular nouns. Read the sentences given below. It rained last week. I cleaned my room Nupur mopped the floor yesterday. last night. Module 8 13
All these sentences talk about finished or completed actions. They are in the simple past tense. Write three actions that you did yesterday. Write one sentence for each action and keep in mind that they should be different from the actions that you wrote earlier. 1) 2) 3) Remember ► T he simple past tense describes actions that are finished or completed. Rule: subject + past tense form of verb + object Examples: • Azarmi was tired. • They kicked the football hard. ► In the simple past tense: is and am was are were ► T he past tense forms of most words are made by adding ‘-d’, ‘-ed’ or ‘-ied’ (for a few words that end in ‘-y’). Irregular verbs in the past tense Till now we have only read about regular verbs that change to the past tense form by adding ‘-d’, ‘-ed’ or ‘-ied’. However, many verbs change to the past tense form without following any fixed rule. Such verbs are called irregular verbs. 14
Read and remember the following list of irregular verbs and their past tense forms. Base verb Past tense form Base verb Past tense form (present tense (present tense came ate form) found form) got come gave eat made met get said find saw make sat give took say told meet began sit broke see sang tell won take break begin win sing Some verbs are the same in the present tense and the past tense. Examples: • cut – cut • put – put • hit – hit Read the sentences given below. I will go to the swimming We will travel by train next Kiri will dance at the show pool tomorrow. week. on Sunday. All these sentences talk about actions or events that will happen later. They are in the simple future tense. Module 8 15
Write about three actions that you plan to do next week. Write one sentence for each action. 1) 2) 3) Remember ► T he future tense describes actions or events that will happen later or in the future. ► It also tells us about promises, decisions or hopes about a later time. Rule: subject + will + base verb + object Examples: • I will become a pilot when I grow up. • I will give you the book tomorrow. ► T o talk about events or actions that will NOT happen, we use the word ‘not’ between ‘will’ and the ‘base verb’. Example: • We will not go to Madurai this year. ► W e can also use the words ‘going to’ to talk about future events. Examples: • They are going to go to Goa in October. • She is going to meet her best friend on Saturday. 16
Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense forms of the irregular verbs given in brackets. One is done for you. 1) Rohit took (take) the library book home. 2) I ________________ (get) my report card yesterday. 3) Nita ________________ (think) that she had missed her bus. 4) Sumit ________________ (fall) down two days ago. 5) Luke ________________ (put) the kettle on the stove. 6) I ________________ (sit) by the seashore. Module 8 17
Exercise 3.2: Follow the instructions and rewrite the sentences. One is done for you. 1) The lion hunted in the jungle. (Change to the simple future tense.) Ans. The lion will hunt in the jungle. 2) Kira looks for her pen. (Change to the simple past tense.) Ans. 3) Saif will visit his grandmother. (Change to the simple past tense.) Ans. 4) The ice melted slowly. (Change to the simple present tense.) Ans. 5) We licked our ice cream. (Change to the simple future tense.) Ans. 6) They will greet us. (Change to the simple present tense.) Ans. 18
R4 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Raju was a naughty boy. He enjoyed telling lies. His father told him that lying was a bad habit. But Raju did not stop making up stories. One day, he came running and shouted, ‘Please save me. There is a tiger here.’ All the villagers ran to help him. Raju laughed and said, ‘I tricked you. There is no tiger.’ The villagers were very angry with Raju. After a few days, Raju played the same trick on the villagers again. This time, the villagers decided not to be fooled by Raju anymore. One day, when Raju was alone, he actually saw a tiger. He shouted for help. However, the villagers thought it was a joke and did not believe him. The tiger attacked Raju. Raju was wounded and he finally realised his mistake. Moral: One should never tell lies and trouble others. 1) What did Raju enjoy doing? Ans. 2) What did the villagers decide after Raju tricked them for the second time? Ans. 22
3) Fill in the blanks with the correct words. a) ________________ is Raju. (This/Those) b) ________________ tiger attacked Raju. (These/That) c) ________________ villagers saved Raju. (That/These) 4) The word from the passage that is the opposite of the word ‘truth’ is ____________________________________________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) habit a) badly hurt 2) tricked b) something that we do often 3) wounded c) fooled Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. One day, a lone fisher went fishing in a river. He put his net into the river and waited. A little fish was trapped in the net after a long time. So, he put the little fish into his bag. The fish spoke to him in a low voice, ‘Fisher, I am so small and will not be of any use to you now. Put me back in the water. After a few days, I will come back to you when I grow bigger.’ The wise fisher said, ‘How can I be sure that I will catch you again? I am not putting you back into the water!’ 1) What did the fisher put into the river? Ans. Reading Comprehension 23
2) What was caught in the fisher’s net? Ans. 3) Identify the tenses of the given sentences. a) The fisher throws a net into the river. – b) The fish talked to the fisher. – c) The fishers were putting the fish in their baskets. – 4) The word from the passage that means ‘someone who is clever and smart’ is ____________________________________________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) lone a) softly 2) trapped b) single; by oneself 3) in a low voice c) got caught 24
Module 9 PR Vocabulary Q Synonyms A synonym is a word or a group of words that has the same meaning or a similar meaning. Exercise 2.1: Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with the correct synonyms. One is done for you. 1) Kabir shut the door behind him. Ans. Kabir closed the door behind him. 2) Meena wears beautiful dresses. Ans. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3) We must behave ourselves and not be impolite. Ans. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 26
4) I was very sad when I failed in my examination. Ans. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 5) Mira helped the aged woman to cross the road. Ans. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 6) The rich merchant had built a big house. Ans. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Exercise 2.2: Match the words in Column A with their synonyms in Column B. One is done for you. Column A Column B 1) brave a) inexpensive 2) cheap b) uneven 3) sharp c) courageous 4) strange d) pointed 5) rough e) timid 6) shy f) odd Module 9 27
Grammar Introduction to adverbs She ran slowly. He spoke impatiently. The children played gladly. Look at the words ‘slowly’, ‘impatiently’ and ‘gladly’. All of these words show how the actions of ‘running’, ‘speaking’ and ‘playing’ were done. Such words are also known as adverbs. Adverbs tell us when, where, why or how an action happens. Exercise 3.1: The action words or verbs are underlined in the given sentences. Circle the adverbs that describe the verbs. One is done for you. 1) He shyly answered the question. 2) My granny smiled at me kindly. 3) The Sun shines brightly. 4) Jamal quickly walked home. 5) They came home safely. 6) Natasha spoke rudely to her sister. 28
Adverbs vs. adjectives Many adverbs are formed by adding ‘-ly’ to the end of an adjective. Let us look at a few examples. Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb swift swiftly sudden suddenly quick quickly polite politely For adjectives that end in ‘-y’, we can Some adjectives remain the form adverbs by replacing the ‘-y’ with same when they become ‘-ily’. adverbs. Examples: Examples: • angry – angrily • fast – fast • lucky – luckily • hard – hard Now, it is your turn to make more adverbs from the following adjectives: slow easy neat ______________________________________________ Remember How do we know if a word is an adjective or an adverb? ► Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns. Example: • She is a happy girl. (‘Happy’ is an adjective that describes ‘girl’, a noun.) ► Adverbs describe a verb or an adjective. Examples: • T he girl sang happily. (The adverb ‘happily’ describes the action of how ‘the girl sang’.) • This book is very interesting. (The adverb ‘very’ describes the adjective ‘interesting’ and tells us how interesting the book is.) Module 9 29
Exercise 3.2: Underline the adjectives and circle the adverbs in the given sentences. One is done for you. 1) Babloo looked at the broken toy sadly . 2) Mayur jumped quickly into the clear pond. 3) The lion roared loudly at the small mouse. 4) It rained heavily in the big city. 5) Dhiraj slowly picked up the old leaves. 6) The man lives peacefully in the beautiful mountains. 30
R5 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. A donkey was grazing near a forest. He spotted a lion’s skin lying on the ground. He decided to wear it and pretend to be a lion. He thought that everyone would be scared and would listen to him. He walked into the forest, and all the animals thought he was a lion. They were scared. A clever fox saw him and realised that he was a donkey wearing a lion’s skin. So, he came to the donkey and said, ‘I am afraid of lions. But, I am not scared of a donkey wearing a lion’s skin.’ The donkey heard this, got scared and ran away quickly. Moral: Never act like someone you are not. 1) What did the donkey see lying on the ground? Ans. 2) What happened when the donkey walked into the forest? Ans. 46
3) Underline the pronouns and state whether they are subject pronouns or object pronouns. a) He wore the lion’s skin. – _____________________________ b) The animals were scared of him. – _____________________________ c) They realised that the donkey was lying. – _____________________________ 4) Write one word from the passage that has the same meaning as ‘fear’. . Ans. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) grazing a) to act like someone else 2) clever b) eating grass in a forest or field 3) pretend c) smart Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. One day, two cats found a piece of bread on the road. They decided to share it by cutting it into halves. However, one half of the bread turned out to be a little bigger than the other. So, the cats started fighting for the bigger piece. A monkey was passing by. The cats asked him to help them decide. The monkey was smart and greedy. He said, ‘Let me help you.’ He ate small bites of both pieces of bread. He told the cats that he was making them equal. Reading Comprehension 47
The cats saw that the pieces had become very small. They said, ‘We will take the pieces now.’ But the monkey finished the rest of the bread and left. Moral: Never trust unknown people with your problems. 1) What did the two cats find? Ans. 2) Why did the monkey take small bites of both pieces of bread? Ans. 3) Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the brackets. a) T he piece of bread was lying ___________________________ the road. (on/over) b) The monkey was sitting ___________________________ a tree. (around/under) c) T he monkey put the bread ____________________________ his mouth. (under/in) 4) T he word from the passage that is a homophone of the word ‘peace’ is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) decided a) give some of what one has to others 2) share b) of the same size 3) equal c) make up one’s mind 48
Module 12 RP Vocabulary Q Alphabetical order The alphabetical order is the arrangement of the letters of the alphabet from A to Z. Exercise 2.1: Arrange the words in alphabetical order. One is done for you. 1) coconut, knocked, patch, excitement Ans. coconut, excitement, knocked, patch 2) basket, greedy, helmet, dagger Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) friend, uncle, neighbour, relative Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4) king, queen, minister, soldier Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ 5) two, five, seven, eight Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ 62
6) English, French, German, Spanish Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________ Dictionary guide words The words in a dictionary are arranged in the alphabetical order. The words on the top of a dictionary page are called guide words. The top-left corner of a page lists the first word on that page. On the other hand, the top-right corner lists the last word on that page. Guide words help us to find a word easily. They tell us which words will appear on a particular page. Exercise 2.2: Look at the guide words given on the dictionary page. Based on the guide words, write whether the words given below will appear on this page. One is done for you. 1) hand – yes 2) habit – ________________ 4) half – ________________ 3) hard – ________________ 6) horse – ________________ 5) hammer – ________________ Grammar Types of sentences She has a dance performance tonight. Please give me a glass of water. Module 12 63
Where are you going? We won the match! Did you notice that each sentence above is different from the others? Each type of sentence has a different purpose. Let us learn more about the types of sentences. Declarative They are used to state information. They are statements and sentences end with a full stop (.). Examples: • I will come to your party. • The elephant has a long trunk. • The Earth goes around the Sun. Imperative These sentences give commands or make requests. Imperative sentences sentences end with a full stop (.) or an exclamation mark (!). Examples: • Kindly get my book. (request) • G o sit in your chair. (command) • Speak the truth! (command) Interrogative These sentences ask questions and end with a question mark sentences (?). Examples: • Who broke the vase? • What is your name? • Which is the fastest train? 64
Exclamatory These sentences show excitement or strong feelings. They end sentences with an exclamation mark (!). Examples: • I have got a new frock! • My sister is so clever! • I lost my English book! Exercise 3.1: Read the given sentences and sort them according to their types. One is done for you. 1) A re you going to buy a swimming costume? 2) How colourful the rainbow is! 3) Please get me a bowl of popcorn. 4) Shut the door. 5) Can you solve these questions? 6) The Sun is a star. Declarative sentences Imperative sentences statements orders or requests Module 12 65
Interrogative sentences Exclamatory sentences questions strong 1) Are you going to buy a swimming emotions costume? Exercise 3.2: Read each sentence and rewrite it with the correct punctuation mark. Then, write the type of sentence. One is done for you. 1) She wrote the book with a lot of care! Ans. She wrote the book with a lot of care. – declarative sentence 2) That is such bad news? Ans. 3) Please be seated? Ans. 4) Did I say something to make you angry. Ans. 66
5) What a wonderful day it is? Ans. 6) An apple a day keeps the doctor away? Ans. Module 12 67
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