5) Lac insects give us lac. It is used to make dyes. It is also used to make bangles. lac insect lac lac bangles 6) Silkworms give us silk threads. They are used to make silk cloth. silkworm silk thread silk cloth 7) Oyster, a kind of sea animal, gives us pearls. Eggs, milk, honey and meat are animal products. We also get wool, fur, leather, silk, pearls and lac from animals. oyster pearls 8) Animal waste is used to produce cooking gas. In village areas, dried cow dung is used instead of firewood. dried cow dung used as firewood Uses of Animals 47
I Understand We have learnt about the useful things we get from animals. Now, let us discuss about some other uses of animals. Some animals are trained to help humans in their work and transport. 1) Animals like horses, elephants and camels are trained to carry people and goods. Horses and bullocks pull carts. There are some places where modern modes of transport do not work. In such places animals like mules and camels help us in transport. Mules are trained to climb hills carrying goods. horse cart animals used for riding mules carrying goods camels in the desert Camels can move across the desert sand easily. They are called the ship of the desert. 2) Dogs are trained to help us in many ways. Police train dogs to catch thieves or to smell bombs. Dogs can be trained to guard our houses. They can be trained to help people with special needs like the blind people. police dog guard dog guide dog 48
3) Some animals are trained to help us in farm work. bullocks used in farm 4) In a circus, wild animals like elephants, monkeys and parrots are trained to do tricks. Sea animals like dolphins are also trained to perform in front of people. Nowadays, to stop animal cruelty, a circus is not allowed in many countries. monkeys entertaining people talking parrot trained dolphin Train My Brain 1) Name any two animals used for transport. 2) Name the animal that guards our houses. I Apply We have seen various uses of animals in the form of products, transport and safety. Many people depend on animals for their work. Let us see how. People like milkmen and fishermen depend on animals for their livelihood. Some people rear goats and sheep for their milk and meat. To rear is to take care of animals until they are fully grown. People rear birds like hens and ducks for their meat and eggs. It is called poultry farming. fish farming goat farming poultry farming Uses of Animals 49
Snake charmers perform tricks using snakes to earn money. Some people train monkeys and use them to perform tricks. Have you seen such animal charmers? How do you feel when you look at those animals? Human beings used to hunt wild animals snake charmer monkey charmer for food since ancient times. We came to know about it through rock paintings. Have you seen any such ancient rock paintings? Be Amazed ancient rock painting Indian sheep An Indian sheep can yield about 5 kg wool per year. This roughly means that every year the wool got from each Indian sheep can be used to make fourteen sweaters. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) So far, we have seen that animals are very useful to us. In our country, people worship animals like cows, elephants, snakes and so on. This is to respect their usefulness to us. We should treat all animals with kindness. We should not hurt them. We should take care of the animals around us. Here are some ways to take care of animals: 1) We should give enough food and water to the animals we rear. We should keep them in clean and airy shelters. 2) We should not put heavy loads on the animals used for transport. We should not beat them. 3) We should not hurt them while training them. 50
4) We should keep them healthy and get an animal doctor (veterinarian) to check them regularly. These days, killing wild animals for their skin, fur, nails, horns or tusks is not allowed as per the law. Keeping them in a cage is also not allowed. Connect the Dots English Fun Rearrange the jumbled letters to find the names of things we get from animals. 1) lpare: ______________________________ 2) noehy: ______________________________ 3) klis: ______________________________ 4) etharle: ______________________________ Social Studies Fun homing pigeon Some birds can be trained as messengers. Homing pigeons are taught to find their way home from long distances. They were used in olden days to carry messages. A Note to Parent Discuss with your child about the uses of animals. Explain how we can take care of the animals in our neighbourhood. For example, keeping water for the birds and animals during summer and so on. Uses of Animals 51
Inside the Lab – B Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity B1: My Lava Lamp A lava lamp is a tube-shaped light. It has a coloured, oily liquid inside it that flows up and down. Let us try to build a lava lamp. It is very easy and a lot of fun! You will need: a cup of water, a clear plastic bottle, vegetable oil, food colouring, ENO fruit salt (or other antacid tablets) and glitter (optional). You need to: 1) pour water into the plastic bottle until it is around one-quarter full. lava lamps 2) pour the vegetable oil until the bottle is nearly full. 3) wait until the oil and water have separated from each other. 4) add around twelve drops of food colouring to the bottle. You can add glitter too. 5) watch as the food colouring goes through the oil and mixes with the water. 6) add some ENO into the bottle; things should start getting a little crazy, just like a real lava lamp! 7) add some more ENO when the bubbling stops and enjoy the changes. 8) shine a torch behind or underneath your lava lamp to see it glow. How do you get the movement inside the lava lamp? When we add ENO, it mixes with water to form carbon dioxide gas. This gas causes colour bursts and movements inside the lava lamp. [Note: Oral intake of ENO or antacid tablets should be strictly avoided during the activity.] 52 12/22/2017 3:39:04 PM NR_BGM_182110021-Passport-G3-Textbook-Science-FY_Txt_Corrected page.pdf 3
Activity B2: Leaves Leaves Everywhere! We see many different types of leaves Shapes Arrangement Edges around us. They differ in colour, shape, smooth size, arrangement and so on. hand toothed shaped Go on a nature walk to a local park or a garden in your school premises to see spear simple the different types of leaves. shaped You will need: heart shaped a paper bag, a pencil, an eraser and a set of colour pencils. compound round You need to: needle 1) take a paper bag and collect as compound lobed many types of leaves as you can. different types of leaves 2) make sure that you pick 3 – 4 leaves of the same plant. 3) group all the leaves by shapes, arrangements and edges (as shown in the picture). 4) trace the shapes of the leaves in your notebook. 5) colour the leaves with your favourite colours. Show your colourful leaf journal to your friends. trace and paint leaves Inside the Lab – B 53 NR_BGM_182110021-Passport-G3-Textbook-Science-FY_Txt_Corrected page.pdf 4 12/22/2017 3:39:04 PM
Lesson Food Diversity 11 I Will Learn About R food diversity. U the reasons for food diversity. A changes in the food habits of people. H important food crops in India. I Think Have you noticed what your friends bring for lunch daily? Is it the same kind of food which you bring from home? I Remember You might have seen that your friends bring different dishes for lunch. At home, we take different types of food for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The food we eat on different days is also not the same. The food which people eat regularly in larger quantity is called staple food. The staple food is not the same in different places. For example, rice is the staple food in southern India, whereas wheat is the staple food in northern India. 1) People in southern India may prefer idli, dosa and rice. 54
2) People in the north may like roti, food in food in parantha and dal. South North India India 3) P eople in the east may eat more of fish, dal and rice. 4) People in western India may enjoy pav bhaji, thepla and so on. Food in different states is different too. food food For example, in Punjab, people prefer in East in West lassi and paranthas. In West Bengal, India India people like fish curry and rice. Let us see what people eat in different countries. In China, people eat rice, noodles and so on. In the United States of America (USA), the popular food items are hot dogs and burgers. In Italy, people eat pizza, pasta and so on. Chinese food The staple food differs in different regions of our country. noodles There is diversity in food in different regions and states of India. Food is diverse around rice the globe as well. American food Italian food hot dog burger pizza pasta I Understand There is a variety of food across places. Now, let us find out the reasons behind this diversity in food. 1) Availability of raw food: The weather and climate of a place helps in the growth of some specific food crops. A crop is a plant grown for food, clothes, medicines or any other uses. Food Diversity 55
For example, in areas of heavy rainfall, rice and coconut are grown. People in these areas eat more rice. In areas of low rainfall, wheat, bajra and jowar are grown. So, people eat rotis made from the flour of these grains. In coastal areas, fish is available in abundance. Seafood like fish is common in these regions. cooked chutney bread rice idli coconut cookies rice plants barfi coconut trees wheat plants roti roti fish fry khichdi laddu prawn curry bajra plants jowar plants fishes 2) Culture and tradition: People from different cultures eat different food. We celebrate festivals by making special types of food. For example, • during Eid, people make biryani, kebabs and sweets. • Christmas is celebrated with a variety of meat dishes, cakes and cookies. • Bhog is a special food prepared during Durga puja. • People make Modak during Ganesh festival. • Pongal is another festival food prepared during the Tamil festival of Thai Pongal. Eid Christmas biryani kebabs sweets cookies Christmas cake turkey 56
Durga puja Ganesh festival Thai Pongal bhog modak pongal 3) Cooking methods: Food also differs because of the cooking methods used. Boiled rice and fried rice are very different. In the same way, chappatis and puris look and taste different. boiled rice fried rice chappatis puris Earlier, people ate only locally grown food. Food from other places were not available to them easily. These days, food items from different places are easily available to us. Train My Brain 1) Name the special dish prepared during Durga puja. 2) Name a food crop grown in areas of low rainfall. I Apply We have seen various reasons for food diversity. But sometimes, food habits differ because of the needs of the body. 1) Work habits: Food habits also depend on the type of work people do. For example, people doing a lot of physical work need more of energy rich food. 2) Age: According to the age of the people, different types baby food of food are prepared at home. For example, baby food differs from the food grown-up people eat. A new-born baby drinks only milk. Food Diversity 57
School-going children need a variety of food items to grow. Very old people eat soft food like dal-rice and roti soaked in milk. 3) Seasons: Our food habits also change according to the seasons. In summer, we eat more fruits and vegetable dishes. In winter, we eat food and drinks that keep us food of an adult person warm. Find out the different types of seasonal food available in your area. winter food summer food 4) Health: Food habits also change according to health conditions. When you are ill, you eat less food. Your parents may give you soups, light food with less oil and so on. Be Amazed Tomato, potato, sugar and chilli are not originally from India. They were brought to India by the Portuguese. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) You have learnt that one of the reasons behind food diversity is the variety of crops. The major crops in India can be divided into four groups: 1) Food grains such as rice, maize, wheat and so on 2) Fruits and vegetables 3) Cotton, jute, sugarcane and tobacco 4) Tea, coffee, coconut and rubber Find out the different types of crops grown in your area. Also, learn about the changes in the crops grown throughout the year. 58
Connect the Dots English Fun One specific food item may have multiple names. For example, pani-puri is known as puchka as well as gol gappe. Social Studies Fun Make a list of famous dishes in the states given below: Goa, Kerala, Gujarat A Note to Parent Talk to your child about the dishes prepared during your local festivals and special occasions. Discuss why they are prepared. Food Diversity 59
Lesson Types of Houses 12 I Will Learn About R the different types of houses. u reasons for diversity in types of houses. a keeping our houses clean. h the effects of extreme weather on houses. I Think We see different types of houses around us. What kind of house do you live in? Did your grandparents ever tell you what type of house they lived in? I Remember All of us need a place to live in. We live in houses. The houses in olden times were different from the ones we live in today. Earlier, human beings used to live in caves. Then, they learnt to build houses. They used mud, wood and leaves to build cave hut them. These houses are called kutcha houses. They are not strong enough to face heavy winds or rain. Example: hut 60
As time went on, people learned to build pucca houses. These are built with bricks, cement, wood, iron rods, steel and stones. Pucca houses are stronger than kutcha houses. Example: bungalows and flats (apartments) Houses are of different types. They can be huts, bungalows or apartments. bungalow apartments I Understand Houses vary from place to place. The types of houses found in any place depend on many factors. REASONS for diversity in types of houses 1) The climatic condition of the place: People make houses house with sloping roof which suit the climate of that area. For example, in the areas with heavy rainfall, houses have sloping roofs. The rain water can drain easily from such roofs. Stilt houses are also found in places of heavy rainfall. They are commonly seen by river sides. These houses are made with bamboo. They are built at a height from ground to prevent water entering the house. In extremely cold regions, people build dome-shaped houses stilt house using blocks of snow. The dome shape helps to keep it warm inside. These houses are called igloos (snow houses). 2) Lifestyles of the people: According to their lifestyles, people igloo need different types of houses. In villages, people build houses to suit their farming needs. These houses may have some special areas like cattle sheds, storage places for grains and so on. village house Types of Houses 61
In cities, the lifestyle is different. So, people live in flats. Moreover, in cities, there is less land available to build houses. So, multi-storeyed buildings with many flats are common in cities. Tree houses are built by the people living in multi-storeyed buildings forests and jungles. They give protection from wild animals. Some people wander tree house nomads tents from place to place in search of their livelihood. They are called nomads. These people live in tents. Groups of people travelling together use houses on wheels called caravans. A caravan may be pulled by an animal, a car or a truck. We can find houseboats in places having many lakes and caravan rivers. A houseboat is a boat which is designed to be used as a home. Building big houses needs a lot of money. Sometimes, houseboat people may not have enough money to build them. So, they construct smaller houses. You have learnt about some reasons behind the diversity in houses. Do all people have houses to live in? There are some people who cannot afford to have houses. You must have seen homeless people. Roadside or any such public place becomes a house for them. We should be kind to them. Train My Brain people using public place as shelter 1) What do we call a house which is entirely made of snow? 2) Where did human beings live in ancient times? 62
I Apply You have learnt about the different types of houses. A house is necessary for all of us. We should take good care of it. HOW TO MAINTAIN OUR HOUSES 1) To be healthy, we need sunlight and fresh air inside our houses. So, we should keep windows open to let in sunlight and fresh air. 2) Our house should be free from dirt and dust. We should sweep and mop the floor daily. Walls should be kept clean. All the rooms should be kept neat and tidy. 3) Garbage should be thrown in the dustbin. Dustbins should regularly be emptied. 4) Dirty water should not be allowed to collect near the house. Otherwise, disease-causing mosquitoes will lay eggs in it. This will cause diseases. 5) The toilets, bathrooms and washbasins should be cleaned from time to time. This will prevent the growth of germs. Be Amazed The tallest building in the world is in Dubai. Its name is Burj Khalifa. It has 163 floors above the ground. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Some extreme weather conditions can cause damage to houses. For example, heavy rain, powerful winds, shaking of the ground(earthquake) and so on. These may make people homeless. houses damaged due to extreme weather conditions 63 Types of Houses
Have you ever heard of any such condition? What happens when people lose their houses? They need temporary shelter (camp) to live in temporary shelters. They are taken care of by the government. What will happen to the animal shelters in such cases? Find out. SPECIAL HOMES Have you ever heard about orphanages? They are the special shelters for children who have lost their parents and family. Old age home is another such special home. It is a shelter for old people who do not have anyone else to take care of them. orphanage old age home Connect the Dots Maths Fun 1500 bricks are needed to build a house. How many bricks will be needed to build two houses? English Fun With the help of your parents, write the names of different materials used to build your house. A Note to Parent When you go out with your child, make him or her observe different types of houses on the way. Discuss the differences between them. 64
Lesson Travel with Family 13 I Will Learn About R planning a tour. u the need for travel. a travelling for adventure. h travelling with friends. I Think Does your family go on holidays to new places? You must have seen your parents packing everything carefully before going on holidays. Do you know how they plan a tour? I Remember During holidays, people travel with their family and friends to A tour is a journey different places. Usually, people visit new places when they for pleasure in which go on tours. several different places are visited. When we visit a new place, we may not know where to go and what to do. We may not even know the type of clothes suitable for that place. So, it is important to plan tours in advance. Let us now learn how to plan a tour. Travel with Family 65
PLANNING A TOUR 1) Decide the duration: We first need to decide the number of days for the tour. We should not plan a tour during school days. 2) Decide the place: We decide the place according to the season, things to do and the money we can spend. For example, visiting hill stations is ideal during summers. 3) Decide the mode of travel: We can travel by road, different modes of transport rail or air. We need to book bus, train or plane tickets accordingly. 4) Choose the place to stay: We need to book a hotel room to stay in. If we have any relatives or family friends there, we can stay with them too. 5) Pack our things: We should pack our bags well in advance. Our bags should be light so that they can be easily carried. However, we must remember to carry important things like our ID cards, tickets, important documents and medicines. We must also carry our clothes, toiletries (brushes, combs, toothbrush and toothpaste). Sometimes, we may even need to carry umbrellas, warm clothes, swimsuits and food. We may also carry along a camera to record the memories of the trip. things to be carried while packing for travel I Understand We have learnt to plan tours. Let us now find why people travel. People travel for various reasons. NEED FOR TRAVEL travelling for refreshment 1) Refreshment: Everybody gets tired or bored of daily activities. It is good to go on a tour to get refreshed. 66
2) Meet extended family members: People may celebrating festivals with extended also travel to visit their extended families. They family members may celebrate festivals or special occasions together during holidays. 3) Gain knowledge: Some people travel to learn about different places, people and cultures. 4) Job and business: Some people travel to faraway places for work. 5) Religious tours: Some people travel to places of religious importance. Train My Brain different people and their cultures 1) Name one important thing we should carry while going on a tour. 2) Mention one use of travelling. I Apply We have learnt that people travel with their family hiking mountaineering for refreshment, knowledge, business and so on. But there are some people who travel with their family for an adventure. They may go hiking, mountaineering or camping. They may also take part in different adventure sports. Some adventure sports are given below: • Adventure sports are dangerous. • W e should carry proper safety equipment to perform them. • T hey should not be performed without expert supervision. • Without proper guidance, they can cause serious injuries. Travel with Family 67
Be Amazed Pangong Tso lake Ladakh is one of the most famous tourist places in India. The Pangong Tso lake situated in Ladakh is the largest lake in India. The water in the lake appears to have multiple colours. It displays shades of blue, green and sometimes red. It has been featured in some popular movies too. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) We may not always go out with our family. Sometimes, we travel with our classmates or friends. Have you ever been to a school picnic or excursion? Where did you go and what did you do? Connect the Dots travel books English Fun There are many famous writers who write about their experiences during travel. They write books, blogs, websites and so on. One of the most famous travel books is The Lonely Planet. Social Studies Fun There are different modes of transport. Do you know how the earliest vehicles were made? Find out how the early man thought about making travel easier. A Note to Parent Family vacations are very important. All members get to spend quality time together, away from the daily routine. Plan a visit to a new place to give an experience of ‘learning by travelling’ to your child. 68
Lesson Communication without 14 Speaking I Will Learn About R communication and its types. u types of gestures and expressions. a sign language. h braille language. I Think Have you watched cartoon movies like Tom and Jerry? They don’t have any dialogues. How do we understand the story? I Remember We use words or actions to share our thoughts with others. This process of sharing thoughts, ideas and feelings with people is called communication. Sometimes, the look on our face changes to show what we feel. Communication is mainly of two types: saying with words and saying without words. Communication with words involves speaking and writing. Communication without words involves gestures and expressions. You must have seen a traffic police on the road. How does he or she control the traffic? Either by using hand movements or by blowing a whistle. 69
Does he or she say anything while controlling the traffic? Still, people understand the instructions. We use movements of hands, shoulders and head to communicate. Such movements that help people understand without speaking anything are called gestures. Sometimes, people can only look at our face and tell whether we are feeling happy, sad or angry. How do gestures of traffic police they understand this? They know our feelings because the look on our face shows a particular emotion. These are called expressions. These are some of the examples of expressions. Body movements that help people to communicate without speaking are called gestures. An expression is a look on our face that shows a particular emotion. expressions I Understand Let us understand the different gestures and expressions nod your shake your we use to communicate. head (yes) head (no) Here are a few examples of gestures. 1) Nod or shake your head: Sometimes, you just nod or shake your head. It is a gesture to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. 2) Waving or tapping your fingers: You wave your hand and your friends understand you are saying ‘hello’. You clap your hands to appreciate something. Now, let us see the different types of expressions we use. saying hello clap your hands 70
Some commonly used expressions are smiling, frowning, winking, opening wide the eyes or mouth, raising eyebrows and so on. 1) When you are happy, you have a smile on your face. 2) When a baby starts crying, the mother understands smiling opening wide the that he/she is hungry, sleepy or hurt. eyes and mouth 3) When we are excited or shocked, we may open wide our eyes or mouth. 4) We wink to signal that we are joking about something. 5) Raising our eyebrows might communicate that we are crying winking surprised. It may also mean that we don’t believe what we are hearing. Gestures and expressions are also used while dancing and acting. Indian classical dancers use various ‘mudras’(gestures) and ‘abhinayas’(expressions) to tell stories. Indian classical dancers Kathakali Odissi Bharatanatyam mudras Communication without Speaking 71
Train My Brain 1) Give an example of a gesture. 2) When you see your friends, you wave your hand. What does this say? I Apply Do you know how to play the game of ‘dumb charades’? How do you express your ideas in it? We use signs for different letters, words and so on. A sign language can be used to communicate. It is mainly used by the people who have a speaking or a hearing disability. They communicate using gestures, combining hand shapes and expressions on the face. like OK dislike peace hello idea sign language People who have a speaking or a hearing disability find it difficult to express themselves properly. They have to depend on others. We should not make fun of them. We should help them by using gestures while communicating. Be Amazed Symbols and marks that represented objects were the earliest forms of written communication. These are called pictographs. symbols and marks 72
I Explore (H.O.T.S.) We learnt about the sign language that people having a speaking disability used. Some people can speak, but cannot see. They use the ‘braille’ language. This language has patterns of raised dots that can be felt with fingertips. Do you know who developed this language? braille alphabet Connect the Dots English Fun Find out the opposite words for the following expressions: happy, cry Maths Fun Numbers using sign language: A Note to Parent Discuss with your child the need to be kind towards people with special needs. Encourage him or her to learn more about different dance styles and sign language used to express oneself. Communication without Speaking 73
Inside the Lab – C Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity C1: Cuisines of Different States India is a diverse country. It has so many cultures. Each state has its traditional cuisine. You will need: 2 – 3 sheets of paper, a pencil or pen You need to: 1) divide the students into groups so that each group has at least one student from a different state. Each group should have one sheet of paper. 2) ask the students to discuss and collect the information on the subsequent points. 3) ask him or her about a famous food of the state he or she belongs to. 4) ask him or her to note down its cuisines of different states recipe. 5) ask why it is famous. 6) ask what local ingredients are used to prepare it. 7) ask how it is suitable for the people of that state. 8) ask them to record their findings on a sheet like this. 9) ask them to stick a picture if they get one. 74
Name of the dish Dosa State Tamil Nadu Ingredients half cup urad dal (split black lentils) 1 cup raw rice (chawal) ghee for cooking Method of 1) Combine the urad dal and rice and soak it in enough preparation water for 4 hours. 2) Drain the urad dal and rice and blend in a mixer to a smooth paste using approx. 1 cup of water. 3) Transfer the mixture to the same bowl; add the salt and mix well. 4) Cover and ferment in a warm place for 12 hours. 5) Heat a non-stick tawa. 6) Pour a ladleful of the batter on it and spread it in a circular motion. Smear a little ghee over it and along the edges and cook on a high flame till the dosa turns brown in colour and crisp. 7) Fold over to make a semi-circle or a roll. Reasons for it being Because it is easy to ferment batter in southern Indian famous in Tamil Nadu climate, so it is famous. Local Ingredients used rice Compare the recipes of different states from your classmates. Do you find different recipes using the same ingredients? Inside the Lab – C 75
Activity C2: Make Your Script script You will need: two sheets of paper and a pencil or pen. You need to: 1) write the letter of the alphabet from A – Z on the board. 2) suggest a symbol for each letter of the alphabet. Some suggestions are: @ $ <& 3) write few sentences about yourself in English. 4) write them in the new script on a different paper. 5) make pairs with your bench-mate and exchange the new script papers. 6) decode those sentences and writes them down in simple English. 7) interchange papers again. 8) check if your partner has correctly translated. Such coded languages are used in the army, navy and air force to share information between them. Code language helps them communicate without the information being known to common people. 76
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