Why are we studying this theme? Great human minds have worked hard to understand the world and make it a better place. Science and technology have changed the face of the world we live in. Let us read two stories and a poem that tell us more about the wonders of science.
Lesson The Magical 16 World of Science Let Us Start Listen and say aloud According to scientists, this is the hardest tongue twister. Try it out. pad kid poured curd pulled cod Warm Up • S cience is a field of study. It focuses on finding and describing the world around us through observation and experimentation. Do you think it would be difficult to live without science? • L ook around you and name a few things in your classroom that are there because of science. Let us read a story that will tell us about the magical world of science. 48
I Read ‘S-C-I-E-N-C-E.’ Timee was trying hard to learn the spelling of ‘science’ for her dictation test the next day. She always got it wrong. ‘Why do we have to learn spellings? Why do we have to learn history? Why fed up do we have to learn tables? And why in the world do we have to study science? Why?’ asked Timee. She was fed up of trying to remember things that she could not understand. Limee, her elder sister, was watching her. ‘Timee, science is not hard at all. If you understand it, you will remember it easily’, said Limee. ‘But Didi, even if I understand it, so what? It is the most boring subject in the world. It is just diagrams and explain-the-working- of-this and what-is-this-process-called! Humph! What is the use of science?’ Limee looked at her sister in surprise. ‘Just try to imagine your process world without science.’ ‘I can imagine it very well. There would be no science subject and no science teacher! In that period, we would watch cartoons, eat ice cream and draw. It would be delightful, Didi!’ ‘My dear sister, if there were no science, you would be living in a cave with no electricity. No electricity would mean no television or fridge. And no ice cream, eh? There would be no books and no pencils. And, just by chance, if a mosquito were to bite you in malaria the cave, you could get malaria. There would be no medicines to cure you.’ Timee scratched her head. ‘Science is a part of our life’, Limee went on. ‘It helps us and makes our lives better. Look around; what do you see in this room?’ ‘I see my notebook, pencil, my bed, Mama’s mobile phone, the fan and you!’ said Timee. ‘All the things that are there in this world work according to certain rules. Even your body. Since ancient times, people have questioned, studied and understood these rules. Then, they used this knowledge and invented new things.’ ‘Hmmm’, said Timee, thinking hard. The Magical World of Science 49
‘Do you know how electricity was discovered? Benjamin Franklin, an American scientist, flew a kite with a metal key attached to it in a thunderstorm. The lightning charged the key, and he got an electric shock. This proved what he had been thinking about – that lightning and electricity are related. Today, nothing in the world works without electricity.’ ‘I am already sweating at the very thought of no electricity!’ said Timee. ‘Now, imagine if Alexander Graham Bell had not invented the telephone! We would not be able to talk to people halfway across the globe while sitting comfortably in our homes. In fact, the internet, e-mail, computers, smartphones, tablets – all these have changed our lives so much. If you think about it, they are like miracles!’ ‘They are!’ said Timee. ‘Timee, you have no idea how much study is going on. From discovering the power of herbs in forests to exploring outer space. From the food we eat to the clothes we wear, science is doing wonders for us.’ ‘Didi, are there aliens in outer space?’ ‘Honestly, I don’t know about that.’ For once, Limee had no answers, and she kept quiet. ‘Then, I know what I will do when I grow up. I will science aliens’, said Timee proudly. aliens Limee fell laughing from her chair. ‘It is very good that you want to study science and be a scientist. But first get your spelling and grammar right. Otherwise, how will the aliens understand you?’ – Surbhi Sarna Let Us Discuss 1) What was Timee fed up of? 2) Who discovered electricity? 3) Who invented the telephone? 4) What does Timee decide at the end of the story? 50
I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word fed up process malaria miracles aliens Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) What did Timee think about science at the beginning of the story? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) How did Timee describe a world without science? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) How was electricity discovered? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) How is science doing wonders for us, according to Limee? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) Do you like science? Why or why not? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ The Magical World of Science 51
2) A n invention is something that is created through an experiment. A discovery shows the existence of something. Given below are the names of a few things. Are they inventions or discoveries? Sort them. gravity television computer bicycle oxygen fingerprints needle water cycle Inventions Discoveries I Speak Group activity Do a mini-project on a famous scientist with your group. Then, tell your class about the scientist and their inventions/discoveries and life. Story telling Tell your partner a story that begins with the line: ‘The day I met an alien...’ Language Game Do you know your idioms? Your teacher will write a few idioms on slips and put them in a bowl. Pick one slip and enact the idiom for your classmates to guess. The person who takes the least time to correctly guess wins. Remember, you need to brush up your vocabulary to understand and act out the idiom! 52
Connect the Dots Maths Fun A friendly alien comes to your house one day. He tells you that his family has ¼th of the total number of people in your house. If there are 20 people in your house, how many people are there in the alien’s family? Science Fun Read what these scientists do. • astronomer – studies the planets, stars and galaxies • geologist – studies the Earth • ornithologist – studies birds • psychologist – studies the mind • botanist – studies plant life • zoologist – studies animal life geologist ornithologist A Note to Parent Introduce your child to science in daily life. For example, kitchen appliances such as the fridge, a toaster or the transport that we use. Help your child to make a scrapbook with pictures of appliances, when they were invented and pictures of what they look like now. The Magical World of Science 53
Lesson Robot with a 17 Virus Let Us Start Words with two syllables – adjectives (stress the first syllable) Listen and say aloud messy Words with two syllables – nouns honest (stress the first syllable) modern parents lovely robot butler object Warm Up • Do you know what a robot is? • Do you think that a robot is useful? Why or why not? Let us read a story about how a robot teaches a young boy an important lesson. 54
I Read luxuries Rohit lived with his parents in a delighted butler lovely house that had all kinds of modern luxuries. Among them was a robot butler! Rohit didn’t help much around the house. However, he was delighted when his parents bought the latest model of a butler robot. Soon after its arrival, it went around cooking, cleaning, ironing and – most importantly – gathering up the clothes and toys scattered on the floor of Rohit’s bedroom. Rohit never liked picking up the clothes and toys from the floor. On the first day of the robot’s arrival, when Rohit went to sleep, he had scattered left his bedroom in a total mess as always. But when he woke up the next morning, everything was perfectly clean and tidy. In fact, it was too clean. Rohit couldn’t find his favourite T-shirt or his favourite toy. However much he searched, these two items were not to be found. Soon, a few of Rohit’s other things started to disappear too. Rohit looked suspiciously at the shiny robot. He planned to spy on it and began following it around the house. Not long after, he caught it red-handed, hiding one of his toys! caught it Off he went, running to his parents to tell them that the robot was not red-handed working properly and was badly programmed. Rohit asked them to have it changed. But his parents told him that it was impossible. They were delighted with the new robot and said that, besides everything else, it also cooked delicious food. Rohit continued complaining to his parents about how the robot was hiding whirring all his good stuff. One day, as the robot was whirring past on its duties, it heard Rohit’s complaints. The robot returned with one of his toys and some clothes. ‘Here, sir. I did not know it was bothering you’, said the robot, in its metallic voice. furiously ‘How could it not, you thief?! You’ve been stealing my stuff for weeks!’ Rohit shouted furiously. Robot with a Virus 55
‘The objects were left on the floor. I, therefore, calculated that you don’t need them. I am programmed to collect all that is not needed. At night, I send these things to places where other humans can use them. I am a maximum-efficiency machine. Didn’t you know about this?’ the robot said with pride. Rohit felt ashamed. He had spent all his life treating things as efficiency though they were useless. He never took care of his things. It was true that many other people would be very happy to have those things. They would treat them with all the care in the world. He understood that the robot was neither broken nor wrongly programmed. In fact, it had been programmed extremely well! Since then, Rohit decided to become a ‘maximum-efficiency boy’. He started to take care of his things. He kept them tidy and made sure that he didn’t have more than necessary. He even gave away the extra things that he had to people who needed them more. (Source: http://freestoriesforkids.com/children/stories-and-tales/robot-virus) Let Us Discuss 1) What were the tasks that the robot did in Rohit’s house? 2) What were the things that Rohit couldn’t find on the day after the robot’s arrival? 3) What did the robot say it had done with Rohit’s toys and clothes? 4) Why did Rohit feel ashamed? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word luxuries butler delighted scattered suspiciously 56
Word Meaning caught it red-handed programmed whirring furiously maximum efficiency I Speak Public speaking If you had a robot gifted to you by your parents, what would you like the robot to do for you? How would you take care of it? You can use the following hints: • ‘If I had a robot, I would name it...’ • ‘My robot will not only help me in doing... but it would also...’ • ‘I will treat my robot like...’ Debate Is technology good? Divide your class into two groups. Group A will list points in favour of technology and the advantages. Group B will list points against technology and the disadvantages. Each group will then share its point of view. Robot with a Virus 57
Language Game Jumbled words Rearrange the jumbled words. Jumbled word Actual word Jumbled word Actual word BORTO LREBTU RWHIRNGI AXMUMMI FEIFICNEYC XUISERUL Connect the Dots Maths Fun Your robot has finished a cleaning task 6 times faster than you have. If the robot has taken 3 hours, how long have you taken? Science Fun You know that a robot is a machine that does things without the help of people. People usually think that robots look and act like human beings. However, most robots do not look like humans. Here is a picture of Roomba, a cleaning robot that is available in India. A Note to Parent Encourage your child to help with household chores. Even if there is a person available to help, children should do their work as much as possible. They should learn to keep their things neat and tidy. Teach your child to be independent. 58
Lesson My Shadow 18 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Word Rhyming word Word Rhyming word me see ball all head bed play way grow slow up buttercup Warm Up • Sometimes, when you are walking in the light, do you see something dark walking along with you? Do you know what it is called? • Have you ever realised that its shape keeps changing? Do you know why that happens? Let us read a poem about what a child has to say about this. 59
I Read I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me, And what can be the use of him is more than I can see. He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head; And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed. The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow, Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow. For he sometimes shoots up taller like an India-rubber ball, And he sometimes gets so little there’s none of him at all. He hasn’t got a notion of how children ought to play, coward nursie And can only make a fool of me in every sort of way. buttercup He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward you can see; I’d think shame to stick to nursie as that shadow sticks to me! One morning, very early, before the Sun was up, dew I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup. But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant sleepy-head, Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed. – Robert Louis Stevenson Let Us Discuss 1) Who is ‘very very like’ the poet? 2) What is the funniest thing about the shadow? 3) What does the shadow not have a notion about? 4) What did the poet find on every buttercup? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word India- rubber ball 60
Word Meaning notion ought coward nursie dew buttercup arrant Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) Mention two things that the shadow does with the child in the poem. Ans. 2) How does the shadow grow? Ans. 3) Why does the child call his shadow a coward? Ans. 4) What does the shadow do when the child gets up before the Sun? Ans. My Shadow 61
Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) W hy do you think the shadow did not go along with the child very early before the Sun rose? Ans. 2) W hat does the child feel about sticking close to his nurse or caretaker? Why do you think he feels this way? Ans. I Speak Group discussion In some cultures, it was considered unlucky to see one’s shadow while looking at the mirror. In Egyptian culture, the shadow of a person under an umbrella was considered lucky. A shadow is formed by light. When an object doesn’t allow light to pass through it, a shadow forms. This is the scientific explanation for how shadows are formed. However, when people do not understand something, superstitions are born. A superstition is something that people believe in because they think it is lucky or unlucky. There is often no scientific reason for the belief or practice. For example, the fear of Friday the 13th is a popular superstition. Do you know of superstitions from your culture? Sit in groups of five and share the popular superstitions that you are aware of. Try to think about how these superstitions may have developed. Interview In the poem ‘My Shadow’, the child describes how he spends his time by playing with the shadow. Divide your class into pairs. Ask questions to each other about the fun things that you do by yourselves. 62
Language Game Which is the correct shadow? Match the correct shadow to the picture. Once you are done, list as many words that you can think of that begin with the sound ‘sh’. How many did you get? Connect the Dots Maths Fun If there are 5 men, 3 women, 2 children and 6 dogs standing in a dark room, how many shadows will you see? Social Studies Fun Do you know what an eclipse is? It is shadows at play. A shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon results in a lunar eclipse. Similarly, a shadow cast by the Moon on the Earth results in a solar eclipse. A Note to Parent Do you remember having fun with shadows in a dimly lit room? Relive the experience with your child by doing some shadow play with your hands. My Shadow 63
S6 Speaking Project My favourite invention When it is raining, what does the car driver use to wipe the water away from the windshield? The driver uses a windshield wiper. Did you know that Mary Anderson invented the windshield wiper in 1905? Human beings have invented many things that have made our lives easier and more comfortable. Inventions are all around us. Speak about your favourite invention. Here are a few hints to help you get started: • Talk about who invented it. • Talk about any story behind it. • Also, share why you think it is useful. • Discuss how the invention could be used more interestingly. 64
R6 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the story and answer the questions given below. Spit keeps our mouths moist and softens our food when we chew. Without spit in our mouths, we would have a hard time talking and swallowing. But for some animals, spit works better after it has left the mouth. Some animals are experts at surviving because they are expert spitters. Llamas are animals that like their personal space. A llama that feels threatened or annoyed will spit slimy gobs at you to get you to leave it alone. Sometimes, llamas even spit on each other to steal food! Llama spit includes food from the llama’s stomach, and it can be quite smelly. When a llama spits on another animal, the animal usually loses its appetite and walks away, leaving its food behind. The archer-fish is a very skilled spitter. It takes aim and spits jets of water at insects and other small creatures to knock them into the water. Then, it gulps them down quickly. Spitting cobras are also known for their expert aim. These snakes spray venom from their fangs to protect themselves. Scientists believe that these snakes actually aim for the eyes! When the cobra’s venom gets into the eyes of an animal, the venom causes terrible pain and even blindness. This gives the snake plenty of time to get away. 1) How does spit help human beings? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 65
2) How do spitting cobras protect themselves? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Write the present continuous tense form of each of the words below. a) walk – ___________________________ b) talked – ___________________________ c) stole – ___________________________ 4) The meaning of ‘appetite’ is ______________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) soften a) continuing to live in spite of problems 2) surviving b) poison 3) venom c) to make soft Passage 2 Read the story and answer the questions given below. Once upon a time, there lived a beast in a faraway land. The beast lived in a large house that had a beautiful garden. It had flower-bearing plants and fruit-bearing trees. It was so beautiful that people could not stop praising it. Children especially loved it. They always came to play in this garden. But soon, the beast got irritated with them coming into his garden. The annoyed beast shooed the children away and built a huge wall around the garden. He stood at the gate, guarding it. The children were no longer welcome in his garden. The beast kept watch, and the children stayed away. 66
Many days passed, the garden lost its vigour and did not bear any flower or fruit. One day, a small girl entered the garden without the beast noticing. Once inside, she was scared of being caught by the beast. So, she climbed a tree to hide from the beast. In her presence, the tree started flowering. Seeing the tree flower in the company of the girl, the beast realised his mistake. It broke open the garden gate and let all the children play happily. The garden thus grew beautiful once again. (Source: Adapted from http://www.itsaperfectstory.com/blogs/naturestories/page/3/) 1) Who loved the garden the most of all? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) What did the beast do when he got irritated with the children? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Write the given sentences in the simple present tense. a) There lived a beast in a faraway land. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ b) It was so beautiful that people could not stop praising it. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ c) T he annoyed beast shooed away the children and built a huge wall around the garden. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Reading Comprehension 67
4) The opposite of ‘pleased’ in the passage is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) beast a) being there 2) faraway b) a dangerous animal 3) present c) distant 68
Glossary Sr. No. Words Meaning a person whom one knows but is not close to 1 acquaintance (n.) a dangerous yet enjoyable activity creatures from outer space 2 adventure (n.) complete; absolute a wild pig 3 aliens (n.) the chief servant in the house of a rich person a plant with small, bright, yellow flowers 4 arrant (adj.) caught during a crime 5 boar (n.) pleasingly or delightfully 6 butler (n.) a state of confusion and excitement the ability to control one's fear; bravery 7 buttercup (n.) someone who is not brave slightly wet 8 caught it red- move quickly handed (v.) very happy droplets of water that form on cool surfaces at night 9 charmingly (adv.) to fall asleep to do something very quickly and well 10 commotion (n.) graceful or having good taste very tired 11 courage (n.) fell down and became unconscious 12 coward (n.) 13 damp (adj.) 14 dart (v.) 15 delighted (adj.) 16 dew (n.) 17 drift off (v.) 18 efficiency (n.) 19 elegant (adj.) 20 exhausted (adj.) 21 fainted (v.)
Sr. No. Words Meaning 22 fed up (phr.) tired beyond one’s patience 23 fireplace (n.) 24 furiously (adj.) a place designed to light a fire to keep a room warm very angrily 25 furnished (adj.) provided with furniture 26 gangster (n.) a member of a group of criminals a mythical garden where golden apples grow 27 Garden of the supplies like food, meat and vegetables Hesperides (n.) 28 groceries (n.) 29 heedful (adj.) mindful and attentive 30 in the blink of an eye very quickly (phr.) 31 India-rubber ball (n.) a ball that bounces very high 32 Jade Emperor (n.) the primary god in Chinese traditions 33 luxuries (n.) 34 malaria (n.) expensive things that people enjoy but do not really need a disease from a certain type of mosquito bite 35 maximum (adj.) as high as possible 36 mince (n.) meat that is chopped or cut into small pieces 37 miracles (n.) amazing or wonderful occurrences 38 mythology (n.) 39 navigator (n.) a rich collection of traditional tales from a particular culture someone who gives directions of travel 40 nibbled (v.) took small bites 41 notion (n.) an idea or belief about something 42 nursie (n.) nurse; caretaker 43 nymph (n.) a female spirit that lives in rivers, mountains or forests
Sr. No. Words Meaning 44 ought (v.) should 45 palette (n.) a plate to mix colours 46 poised (adj.) in a ready position 47 pound (n.) a basic unit of money in some countries in the UK 48 process (n.) method 49 programmed (adj.) given a set of instructions to perform an action 50 puff (n.) a short, sudden burst of breath 51 pursuit (n.) an attempt to achieve something 52 quince (n.) a hard, pear-shaped fruit 53 raft (n.) a flat, wooden structure used as a boat 54 regally (adv.) in a royal manner 55 revolver (n.) a pistol that allows several shots to be discharged 56 rooster (n.) an adult, male chicken 57 runcible (adj.) a nonsense word that has no meaning; created by Lear and used in many of his other works 58 scattered (adj.) thrown all around 59 shilling (n.) a coin that was used in Britain; the value of which is less than that of a pound 60 short-tempered (adj.) quick to get angry 61 sneaky (adj.) secretive 62 soaring (adj.) flying high 63 speechless (adj.) not able to speak 64 startled (v.) got shocked 65 stunned (adj.) taken by great surprise 66 suspiciously (adv.) with doubt or distrust
Sr. No. Words Meaning pounced; moved down very fast 67 swooped (v.) delayed moved without any particular direction 68 tarried (v.) moving very fast with a low, continuous sound twisted and turned quickly 69 wandered (v.) a cycle of twelve years with animal symbols for each year 70 whirring (v.) 71 wriggled (v.) 72 zodiac (n.) n. Key prn. noun v. pronoun adj. verb adv. phr. adjective phr. v. adverb phrase phrasal verb
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