MPL_G4_EVS-I_TB AK_All Terms

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 1: Growing up with Family 1) Do you like to play with kittens, chicks or puppies? They are the young ones of different Ans. animals. Where do you think they come from? Learner’s response (Hint: Yes/No. Some young ones of animals either hatch out of eggs or are born from their mother’s body. Cats give birth to kittens. Mother dogs give birth to puppies. Chicks hatch out of eggs that hens lay.) 1) How do you take care of your sibling? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: help them with their homework, teach them good manners and so on) 1) Suppose you have adopted a puppy. What will you do to take care of it? How can you Ans. make sure that the puppy is well taken care of? Learner’s response (Hint: We should keep the puppy clean, give it a bath, take it to the animal doctor for regular checkups and so on.) 1) Who takes care of you at home? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: parents/grandparents/siblings/uncles/aunts and so on) 2) Which family member spends more time with you? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: parents/grandparents/siblings/uncles/aunts and so on) TB: Growing up with Family

Teacher Reference – Textbook 3) What are the things a father can do for a baby? Find out. Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: A father can read, play, sing, tell stories, feed the baby or take the baby for a walk in the park.) TB: Growing up with Family

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 2: Digestive System 1) Your mother tells you to chew your food before swallowing it. Do you know why? Ans. Chewing the food properly, helps it to break down into smaller pieces and also helps in proper mixing of saliva with the food. This helps in digestion of the food. TB: Digestive System

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 3: Excretory System 1) We drink a lot of water throughout the day. There is some water in the food we eat too. Ans. What happens to all this water we take in? The maximum part of the water we drink gets utilised for various functions of our body. Excess or unused water comes out of our body in the form of waste. 1) How do we take care of the excretory organs? Ans. We can take care of our excretory organs in the following ways:  By eating healthy food and drinking plenty of water. 2)  By doing proper exercises every day. Ans. Have you heard of any fruit or vegetable that helps to keep our kidneys healthy? Find out more about such foods which can improve the working of our excretory system. Learner’s response (Hint: Cranberry juice, broccoli, garlic, kidney beans, apples etc. keep our excretory system healthy. Cranberry juice prevents the growth of disease-causing microbes. Broccoli and garlic prevent bladder cancer. Apples and kidney beans help maintain the health of the excretory system.) TB: Excretory System

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 4: Diseases 1) Vinay’s father woke up one morning with his nose red. His eyes were swollen. The doctor Ans. gave him medicines. He became healthy in a week. What do you think had happened to Vinay’s father? Vinay’s father had a very bad cough and cold. 1) Every time you come back from the playground, your mother asks you to wash your Ans. hands and legs. Why is this so important? When we return from the playground, our hands and legs have germs due to the various things we touched. Some of these germs cause diseases. Washing our hands and legs is the best way to stop germs from spreading. 2) Have you seen a housefly rubbing its legs? Find out why it does so. Ans. A housefly has small hair on its legs. It uses this hair as sense organs. The housefly rubs its legs to keep its hair clean to sense its surroundings. Germs that stick to this hair fall off while they rub their legs. 1) Did you know that a lot of people die worldwide due to malaria? Find out the symptoms Ans. of this disease. With the help of your teachers and parents, put up charts in your school and neighbourhood about the practices needed to prevent malaria. Common symptoms of malaria are:  chills that range from moderate to severe  high fever  sweating TB: Diseases

Teacher Reference – Textbook  headache  vomiting  muscle pain The symptoms of malaria usually develop within ten days to four weeks following the infection. Practices needed to prevent malaria are:  Wear full-sleeved clothes and full pants to prevent mosquito bites.  Apply a mosquito repellent cream or lotion when we go out.  Sleep under a mosquito net to prevent mosquito bites.  We must ensure that there is no stagnant water in and around our neighbourhood as mosquitoes lay eggs in stagnant water. TB: Diseases

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 5: Keeping Our Neighbourhood Clean 1) On the way to her aunt’s place, Reena saw four garbage bins near a bus station. They Ans. were of different colours. She wondered why they were of different colours. Why were there four bins instead of one? Four garbage bins of different colours are used to separate the different types of waste properly. Each colour coded bin is used for a specific type of garbage. 1) Some people defecate in the open. Do you think this is a good habit? What harm can it Ans. cause? Open defecation is not a good habit. People may get bitten by a snake when they go to defecate in the fields or near bushes. Women and children are more likely to catch diseases while defecating in the open. It also allows worms and germs to grow in our surroundings thus affecting our health. TB: Keeping Our Neighbourhood Clean

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 6: Water Storage and Quality 1) Amit’s class teacher told the students that the class would be visiting the nearby dam the Ans. next day. She also said that the entire city got its drinking water from the dam’s reservoir. From where does the dam get the water in its reservoir? A dam gets water in its reservoir from the river or lake across which it is constructed. 1) Can you list out some of the remedies to prevent the sources of water from getting polluted? Ans. a) Waste water from factories should be treated before it is released into the water bodies. b) Chemical pesticides should be replaced with organic manure to prevent chemicals from seeping into the groundwater. c) Washing and bathing in rivers and ponds using soaps and detergents should be avoided. d) Open defecation should be stopped. TB: Water Storage and Quality

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 7: Importance of Soil 1) Salim was planting a flowering plant in his garden. He found some earthworms in the Ans. garden soil. He was afraid that they would harm his plant. What do you think? Are they harmful or helpful? Earthworms are helpful. They make holes in the soil allowing oxygen and water to enter the soil. While doing so, they break down organic matter present in the soil. This makes the soil fertile. 1) Can you think of some other measures to prevent soil pollution? Ans. We should dispose of plastic items carefully so that they do not reach the soil and pollute it. We should avoid using harmful chemicals for cleaning purposes (e.g. insect sprays, cleaners and so on). 1) Have you ever observed the sand on sea shores or river beds? How is it different from the Ans: soil we find in farms and fields? Sand found near a river or sea is generally very grainy and light brownish. On the other hand, the soil in the farm is darker in colour because it contains various nutrients and organic matter to support the growth of various plants. TB: Importance of Soil

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 8: Roots and Flowers 1) Is it easier to pull out some grass than a tree from the soil? Do you know why? Ans. It is easier to pull out some grass than a tree from the soil because the roots of the grass are thin and not strong. Trees have thick and strong roots that go deep inside the ground to fix the tree firmly in the soil. 1) The flowers which open at night are usually white in colour. They have a very pleasant Ans. fragrance. Find out the reason. White coloured flowers can be clearly seen at night. Their pleasant fragrance and white colour make it easy for them to be found in the dark by night animals. TB: Roots and Flowers

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 9: Birds 1) How did Aman spot the difference between a dog and a bird? Ans. Birds look different from other animals as they have wings and feathers. 1) Look at the picture of the duck and the pigeon. Can you spot the difference between the types of beaks? Discuss with your friends. Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: The duck has a broad, flat beak; the pigeon has a pointed 2) beak; the colour of the beaks is different and so on) Look at the different types of feet. Can you guess the function of different feet? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: Birds use their feet to hold, walk, swim and so on.) TB: Birds

Teacher Reference – Textbook 1) Collect the information about what things you will need for birdwatching. Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: For birdwatching, we need binoculars, a camera, maps, a field guide, a first aid kit, a small note-pad, a pen and so on.) TB: Birds

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 10: Animal Behaviour 1) Mona wonders why an elephant has a long trunk and a fish has fins. Can you guess? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: An elephant needs a long trunk to pick up food and put it in its mouth; a fish has fins to swim.) 1) Find out more about such senses of animals. Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: a) A dog's sense of smell is almost one million times more than that of human beings. b) Rabbits can smell food below the ground. c) Pigeons can see 340 degrees everywhere except in the back of their heads and so on.) TB: Animal Behaviour

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 11: Food Storage 1) What happened to the biryani? Why can’t Farha eat it? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: Farha’s father smelled the biryani. It must have smelled bad, so Farha’s father said that it was spoilt. Farha can't eat the spoilt biryani as she may get a stomach problem and fall sick.) 1) How did Farha’s father know that the biryani was spoilt? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: By its colour, smell and how it looked) 2) Think and write how many days the following food items will take to spoil: 1) cooked Maggi: 3-4 hours 2) bread: 4-5 days 3) Kurkure: 4 months 1) Think and write where we store the following food items. 1) milk: refrigerator 2) dals: dry food containers 3) apples: refrigerator or a cool and dry place 4) onion: cool and dry place 5) leafy vegetables: refrigerator TB: Food Storage

Teacher Reference – Textbook 2) Look at the pictures below. Write the names of the food items that you see in the pictures. 1) Hint: This is made from many fruits and vegetables. This dish made from mango is very famous. pickles 2) Hint: We put this food item on bread. It is sweet in taste. jams 1) When we go for a picnic or a long vacation, we take some food with us. What kind of Ans. food do we take? Learner’s response (Hint: We take with us dry food items which do not spoil quickly. For example, nuts, chips, dry fruits, biscuits, chiwda, sev and so on.) TB: Food Storage

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 12: Building Materials 1) Reena went with her father to see the construction of their new house. What all things will Ans. she see there? Can you guess? Learner’s response (Hint: Reena will see building materials such as sand, bricks, iron, stones, cement and so on.) 1) Houses today have tube lights, bulbs and fans. What about the days when there was no Ans. electricity? 2) When there was no electricity, sunlight was the main source of light. People used to burn Ans. candles and oil lamps after sunset. The rooms had high roofs/ceilings to keep the rooms airy. How did the kings and Maharajas build their huge buildings? Kings and Maharajas built forts on top of hills to protect themselves from enemies. They were built of stone TB: Building Materials

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 13: Types of Cloth 1) Elena got a beautiful silk frock as a birthday gift from her aunt. It was soft and smooth to Ans. touch. She wondered why the clothes we wear look and feel different. Why some clothes were rough while some others were smooth? Clothes can be rough or smooth based on the materials used to make them. TB: Types of Cloth

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 14: Fuels 1) Look at the given pictures. Where do these vehicles get the energy to run? Is the source of energy the same? Ans. A car gets its energy from fuels such as petrol and diesel, while a cycle rickshaw uses human energy to move. No, the source of energy for both vehicles is not the same. 1) Find out which colour means which fuel. Ans. There is no standard colour coding for different fuels. There are different coloured nozzles for different fuels and these change with the grade or quality of the fuel. Generally, red is the colour code for petrol, yellow is the colour code for diesel and so on. 1) Do you know how much a litre of petrol or diesel costs? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: The cost of petrol or diesel keeps changing. Currently, petrol is costs around 83 rupees per litre and diesel is around 70 rupees per litre.) TB: Fuels

Teacher Reference – Textbook 2) Try to find out if the cost is same or it differs in different areas, cities, states or countries. Ans. The cost of petrol and diesel differs in different areas, cities, states or countries. The price is affected by the cost of buying, the cost of transportation, taxes and so on. 3) Find out some products made from crude oil. Ans. Some common products made from crude oil are dyes, paints, fertilisers, detergents, inks, crayons, parachutes, artificial limbs, contact lenses and so on. TB: Fuels

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 15: Ways of Communication 1) How do we know what is happening in the neighbouring states and countries? If Ans. scientists have discovered a new planet or if it is going to rain today, how do people get to know about it? Learner’s response (Hint: We get to know about what is happening in the neighbouring states and countries, and about other things by reading a newspaper, watching the news on television or the internet and listening to the news on a radio) 1) Look at the pictures below. Do you know what these are? What are they used for? newspaper radio television Internet Ans. They are used for passing information from one place to another. (They are used as a source of information.) 2) Think of one example of a way of communication in: 1) written form – letter 2) audio form – radio 3) video form – television TB: Ways of Communication

Teacher Reference – Textbook 3) Can you tell what is happening in the picture? Ans. One girl is passing some information to another girl by whispering (talking softly without letting others hear what is being said). 1) At the post office, the letters are sorted as per the addresses on them. Do you know what happens next? Ans. The postmen collect the sorted letters and deliver them to their respective addresses. 2) Can you name some courier services near your home? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: Some common courier services are – DTDC, BLUE DART, First Flight and so on.) 1) Do you know about Facebook and WhatsApp? How do they help us? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: Facebook is a website that allows us to keep in touch with our friends and relatives. We can post photos, share links and other information. WhatsApp is a free app for smartphones. It uses the internet to share messages, images, audios or videos. We can also make audio and video calls using WhatsApp.) 1) Look at the picture given. What are the kids doing? Discuss with your friends. Ans. The two friends are playing with a string telephone. One is speaking, while the other is listening. 2) If you have to make your own way of communication, what will it be? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: sign language, secret codes and so on) TB: Ways of Communication

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 16: Force and Work 1) Rahim was playing cricket. Every time after hitting a six, the ball comes back to the Ans. ground. He wondered, why all things fall downwards always? due to the force of gravity 1) Here are a few pictures. Identify the objects that are moving and those that are not moving. Tick mark the pictures where some work is done. Work is done when things move from their place. falling leaf moving car girl sitting with books on her head   TB: Force and Work

Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 17: Forms of Energy 1) We need energy to do any work. We get energy from the food we eat. Have you ever Ans. wondered what energy is? Where does this energy come from? Learner’s response (Hint: Energy is the capacity of a body to do work. Energy comes from the food we eat.) 1) Do your parents tell you to drink milk or eat vegetables to get energy? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: Yes/No) 2) What do you do to kick a football? Ans. We apply force to kick a football. TB: Forms of Energy