202110208-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-PHYSICAL_SCIENCE-G09-PART2

i. A graph consists of independent and dependent variables. ii. Range and scale should be calculated before plotting the graph. iii. The horizontal and vertical axis in a graph are X-axis and Y-axis respectively. iv. The two quantities in the graph are either inversely proportional or directly proportional. v. There will be an infinite number of slopes in a curved line graph. vi. The ratio of y-axis to x-axis explains the slope of the graph. No Questions in the Textbook SESSION 2. GRAPHS 149

CCE Based Practice Questions AS1 – Conceptual understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) [(Session 12.1)] Define unit and the need for a standard unit. (ii) [(Session 12.1)] Define derived physical quantity and give two examples. (iii) [(Session 12.1)] Write down the factors and symbols for milli and micro. (iv) [(Session 12.1)] What is the unit for measuring pressure? 2. Answer the following question in one sentence. (i) [(Session 12.2)] What is a graph? Short Answer Type Questions 3. Answer the following question in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.1)] What is the difference between mN, Nm and nm? 4. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.2)] What are the axes in a graph? What do the horizontal and vertical axis in a graph represent? (ii) [(Session 12.2)] What is scaling? What is the advantage of knowing the range of values? Long Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.1)] Mention any five rules for writing units with examples. (ii) [(Session 12.1)] James and John participated in a walking competition. James walked 9 km/hr and John walked 2.5 m/sec. They started at same time and walked in the same direction. Who would reach the finishing line first? CHAPTER 12. UNITS AND GRAPHS 150

6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.2)] Using the data given in the table, answer the following questions. a) Identify the independent and dependent variables. Justify your answer. b) Which quantity will be plotted on the X-axis and Y-axis? c) What will be the calculated range for the X-Axis and Y-Axis? d) What are the units of mass and elongation of the spring? Mass 0 10 20 30 Elongation of the 0 2 46 spring (ii) [(Session 12.2)] List the conditions to be satisfied if the measurements to be plotted are a) inversely proportional. b) directly proportional. (iii) [(Session 12.2)] What is the slope of a line that includes each of the following points? a) (-5,1) and (-2,3) b) (4,4) and (1,-2) AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following question in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.1)] Anu weighed sugar and wrote down the following: ‘Sugar weighed 200 m.’ What is wrong in the sentence that she has written and how will you correct it? Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following question in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.2)] Nidhi wants to plot a graph. Raju tells her the steps for constructing a graph. Mention what the steps are. (ii) [(Session 12.2)] The figure given below shows the distance–time graph for the motion of three cars P, Q and R. Shanti wanted to find which one of them is moving fastest? CHAPTER 12. UNITS AND GRAPHS 151

Can you guess the questions rose in her mind? Write them. AS3-Experimentation and field investigation Long Answer Type Question 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.2)] Using a graph, mention the steps to find the slope of a curved graph. (ii) [(Session 12.2)] Write the steps to find out area with the help of an example. AS4-Information skills and projects Very Short Answer Type Question 10. Answer the following question in 1-2 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.1)] What are the different units that we can use for measuring pepper? Short Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions. (i) [(Session 12.1)] Classify the following physical quantities as fundamental and derived quantities. length, force, temp, acceleration, area, luminous intensity, pressure, time Fundamental Quantities Derived Quantities CHAPTER 12. UNITS AND GRAPHS 152

(ii) [(Session 12.2)] Collect the units of electricity (power) consumed over a period of 6 months in your home and draw a graph for that. Long Answer Type Question 12. Answer the following question. (i) [(Session 12.2)] Complete the following table. Quantities Unit Symbol pressure newton CHAPTER 12. UNITS AND GRAPHS 153

energy j watt current A AS5-Communication through drawing and model making Short Answer Type Questions 13. Answer the following question. (i) [(Session 12.1)] Draw the measuring tool that you would use to measure the length of a book. 14. Answer the following question. (i) [(Session 12.2)] Show a graphical representation for constant speed. Long Answer Type Questions 15. Answer the following question. (i) [(Session 12.2)] The following is the weight of Shainy every month for a period of six months. Show a graphical representation of this information. Weight 28 29 30 29 29 31 (kg) Month January February March April May June CHAPTER 12. UNITS AND GRAPHS 154

(ii) [(Session 12.2)] Draw the distance – time graph for the data given below: Time 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 (minute) 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 Distance (km) CHAPTER 12. UNITS AND GRAPHS 155

AS6-Appreciation and aesthetic sense, Values Short Answer Type Question 16. Answer the following question in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.2)] What are the uses of plotting a graph? AS7-Application to daily life, concern to bio diversity Very Short Answer Type Question 17. Answer the following questions in 1-2 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.1)] Why do we have different units for the same physical quantities? (ii) [(Session 12.1)] What are the different kinds of units that you use in your day-to- day life? Give examples. CHAPTER 12. UNITS AND GRAPHS 156

Long Answer Type Questions 18. Answer the following question in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.1)] Why are measuring terms important in daily life? 19. Answer the following question in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 12.2)] Plot a graph showing global temperature change over a period of 8 years. What can you observe from the graph? Objective 157 AS1-Conceptual understanding 20. Choose the correct answer. (i) What is needed for the experimental verification of various theories? CHAPTER 12. UNITS AND GRAPHS

(A) unit (B) symbol (C) instrument (D) measurement (ii) A set of fundamental and derived units is known as (A) supplementary units. (B) a system of units. (C) complementary units. (D) metric units. (iii) In which of the following systems can scientific DATA be exchanged between different parts of the world? (A) MKS (B) CGS (C) EPS (D) SI (iv) Which of the following is a unit of length? (A) kg (B) km (C) second (D) kg/m3 (v) Horizontal axis in a graph is also known as the (A) V-axis. (B) Y-axis. (C) X-axis. (D) O-axis. (vi) The slope of the graph is denoted by (A) A. (B) Y. (C) m. (D) O. AS3-Experimentation and field investigation 21. Choose the correct answer. (i) What would you use to measure your height? (A) scale (B) weighing machine (C) inch tape CHAPTER 12. UNITS AND GRAPHS 158

(D) litre can AS4-Information skills and projects 22. Choose the correct answer. (i) Which of the following is the factor for 10-24 ? (A) yocto (B) nano (C) pico (D) atto AS5-Communication through drawing and model making 23. Choose the correct answer. (i) The distance–time graph of two objects A and B are shown in the figure. Which of the following sentences is true about their slopes? (A) Slope of A is greater than B (B) Slope of A is lesser than B (C) Both the objects have equal slope (D) None of the options CHAPTER 12. UNITS AND GRAPHS 159

PROJECT BASED QUESTIONS —— Project Based Questions —— (i) So far over a 115 elements have been discovered and known to us . But recently 4 new elements are added in the list. Take help from Newspapers / Science Magazines or internet and make a project report on the discovery of these latest 4 new elements. (ii) When we study about atoms and molecules usually we come across with the names of the great scientists like Antoine Lavoisier, John Dalton, Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Neils Bohr etc. But there was a Greek philosopher named as DEMOCRITUS who developed one of the first atomist theories of the universe. Take help from your library books or internet and make a project report on Democritus atomic theory. (iii) Collect information and make a project report on how artificial gravity is achieved in a space station. (iv) Prepare a report on the working of oil brakes on Pascal's principle in a vehicle. (v) Create a working model to show the functioning of an hydro electric power plant. (vi) Taking examples of dolphin and bat make a detailed report on how animals use echoes to locate objects or their prey. ( http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/topics/waves/sound/echo.html ) (vii) Design the steps of an experiment to show that sound is a form of energy. Write in a science journal. (viii) Collect pictures of various kinds of musical instruments from internet and make a scrap book describing how do these instruments make sound. Project Based Questions 160

Additional AS-Based Practice Questions Chapter 7 – Reflection of light at curved surfaces 1. Which mirror should be used to get real as well as inverted images? [AS2] 2. If you want to burn a paper using a concave mirror using sunlight, then where will you keep the paper? [AS2] 3. The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. What does this mean? [AS2] 4. From the below figure answer the following. a) What does ‘P’ indicate? b) Identify incident rays. c) What are the characteristics of images? [AS5] 4. Which of the following ray diagrams is correct? [AS5] 5. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image at the object using a concave mirror. Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 161

Chapter 8 – Gravitation 1. When do you state that a body is free falling? [AS2] 2. How can you balance ladder on your shoulder? [AS3] 3. Write a short note on stability. [AS4] 4. Draw a diagram showing the balancing of fork and spoon. [AS5] 5. Draw an experimental set up for showing the changes during the free fall of a body. [AS5] 6. How can we appreciate Newton for deriving the expression of centripetal force? [AS6] 7. A car falls of an edge and drops to the ground in 0.5 s. [AS7] i. What is its speed? ii. What is the average speed during the 0.5 s? 8. Mass of an object is 10 kg. What is the weight on the earth? [AS7] Chapter 9 – Floating bodies 1. In which direction does the buoyant force on an object immersed in a liquid act? [AS2] 2. An iron nail sinks in water while a large ship floats on the surface of water. What could be the reason? [AS2] 3. Name the materials that are required to prove Archimedes’ principle of buoyancy? [AS3] 4. Write down the missing information in the following table. [AS4] Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 162

Density Relative density SI unit Kg/m3 ? Density = Mass/ Volume Relative density = Density of substance /? 5. List few objects that sink in kerosene but float on water? [AS4] 6. Analyse the given diagram and explain what does it depict? [AS5] 7. How do you appreciate Pascal’s discovery? [AS6] 8. Why do you Appreciate Archimedes for his discovery? [AS6] 9. The volume of 50g of a substance is 20 cm3. If the density of water is 1 g/cm3, will the substance float or sink? [AS7] 10. Write one application of Pascal’s principle in your daily life. [AS7] Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 163

Chapter 10 – Work and energy 1. When a ball is moving up with an initial velocity, what will be its speed at maximum height? [AS2] 2. Consider the following given circumstances. On which of the following conditions work is done in light of your understanding of the term work? [AS2] i. Ram is swimming in a pool. ii. Food grains are getting dried in the sun. iii. A sail boat is moving due to wind energy. iv. A green plant is carrying out photosynthesis. 3. With the help of an activity show that the object at some height possesses energy. [AS3] 4. Expand OTEC. [AS4] 5. Does the international space station have gravitational potential energy? [AS4] 6. What does the given picture depict in terms of work and energy? [AS5] Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 164

7. Why should we appreciate the various sources of energy? [AS6] 8. What kind of energy conversion sustain the water cycle in nature? [AS6] 9. Do all of us do the work at the same rate? [AS7] Chapter 11 - Sound 1. When do we call a wave as transverse wave? [AS2] 2. How do we get the sensation of sound? [AS2] 3. How multiple reflections of sound are used in working of mega phone and a horn? [AS2] 4. Using a slinky, how can you demonstrate that sound is produced from a vibrating source? [AS3] 5. Mention the industrial application of ultrasonic waves. [AS4] 6. Fill the table with right information. [AS4] Speed of sound in Speed of sound in Speed of sound in dry air at 20˚C water at 20˚C iron at 20˚C 343.2 m/s ? ? 7. Draw the diagram to show wavelength and amplitude of a wave. [AS5] 8. How can we appreciate the application of ultrasound? [AS6] 9. Why should we appreciate the discovery of stethoscope? [AS6] 10. Mention one industrial application of ultrasonic wave. [AS7] Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 165

Chapter 12 – Units and graphs 1. What is wrong with the following statements? Correct and rewrite the sentences. - \"My height is 164°C\". - \"The game lasted 15 kg”. [AS2] 2. If, Force = mass X acceleration Pressure = force per area Find the derived units for force and pressure. [AS4] 3. Fix up your own coordinate system on a graph paper and locate the following points on the sheet: (i) P(3, 5) (ii) Q(0, 8) (iii) R(4, 0) [ AS5] 4. In the given graph, which letter indicates the point (0, 3)? [AS5] 5. Draw a graph for the following points. [AS5] Time (min) 2 6 10 12 16 22 24 28 Distance (km) 1 3 5 6 8 11 12 14 Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 166