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Creative Writing Diary entry A diary is a book in which one can write about things that happen in everyday life. People write diary entries to remember things that happen in their day-to-day lives. People share their thoughts, feelings, hopes and dreams in their diaries. Look at the sample of a diary entry below. Salutation/Greeting Tuesday, 12th April Day and date Signature Dear Diary, Contents of the diary entry I really had a great day today. I Diary entries are turned nine years old. I had my always written in first favourite cake: black forest. My best person. friend, Yasser, got me a big jigsaw puzzle. I am waiting to open it and play with it! My other friend, Nitya, made a beautiful wall hanging of a dog for me! She knows that I love dogs. My parents are planning a trip to Kerala this weekend so that we can celebrate my birthday. I am feeling so happy and loved! Puja 48 04/10/2019 16:02:13 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 48
Exercise 6: Imagine you were given a chance to explore the world. Where did you go? What did you see? Write the details of the trip in your diary. Friday, 15th ___________________________ ______________________________________, I was lucky enough to win a trip for two in a competition. So, Mummy and I went to __________________________________________________________________________________! We saw ___________________________________________________________________________________________ such as ___________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. Mummy and I also visited __________________________________________________________________ and went to a few popular food joints in the city. The trip was _______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________! Both Mummy and I learned a lot. I wish we _________________________________________________ ____________________ more days. But we had to return in ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. If we had some more time, ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________. _____________________________________ English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 49 Module 4 49 04/10/2019 16:02:13
R2 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Anandi looked excited. ‘OK Papa, which places will we visit tomorrow?’ she asked. Manohar said, ‘We will visit Anjuna, Candolim and Calangute beaches tomorrow. We will also visit a few churches. We will go to the Basilica of Bom Jesus in Old Goa and the church of St Francis of Assisi. Let us go back to the hotel and take rest now.’ The family had a quiet dinner at the hotel. They enjoyed the traditional food of Goa: fish curry, rice and Arroz Doce, a pudding. Sharat and Anandi sat next to their parents on the bed before going to sleep. Sharat asked curiously, ‘Papa, tell us more about Goa.’ Manohar said, ‘Goa is India’s smallest state in terms of area and fourth smallest in terms of population. It is located on the western coast of India along the Arabian Sea. It is renowned for its beautiful beaches. Tourists from all over India and other countries flock here for an unforgettable experience. Panaji is the capital of Goa. The other important city is Margao. Isn’t all this interesting?’ The children nodded, ‘Yes, Papa’. ‘Konkani is the official language here. Marathi, Hindi and Portuguese are also spoken here by the people. So you can learn Konkani here, children.’ 1) Which beaches were Anandi’s family going to visit in Goa? Ans. 2) Where is Goa located? Ans. 50 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 50 04/10/2019 16:02:14
. 3) Write the noun forms of the following words: a) traditional – ______________________________ b) excited – ______________________________ c) beautiful – ______________________________ 4) The opposite of ‘unforgettable’ is 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) official a) the residents of a place 2) population b) famous or well-known 3) renowned c) formal Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Welcome to the Arctic! It is a cold and windy area around the North Pole. The Arctic includes the Arctic Ocean and the land near it. Snow and ice cover the ground for most of the year. Walruses, polar bears and snowy owls are a few animals that live in this habitat and survive the cold. A walrus spends most of its time in the icy water. It has a thick layer of blubber or fat under its skin to keep itself warm. When a walrus swims, its blood flows away from its skin to the important organs inside its body. This helps to keep the walrus warm. Its skin also turns white. When it is warm again, its skin turns pink. A polar bear has special fur to keep itself warm. Each strand of hair is shaped like a straw. The shape helps to direct sunlight towards the bear’s black skin that collects and holds in heat. Reading Comprehension 51 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 51 04/10/2019 16:02:15
A snowy owl has two layers of feathers that cover its entire body. The bottom layer, which is soft and fluffy, is called ‘down’. The outer layer of feathers is thick. In strong winds, the snowy owl may hide on the ground behind a pile of snow or rocks to block the wind. 1) Which are the animals that live in the Arctic? Ans. 2) What happens when a walrus swims? Ans. 3) Underline the adjectives in the sentences given below. Write what types of adjectives they are. a) The Earth has two poles. Ans. b) Walruses have a thick layer of blubber. Ans. c) There is a lot of snow and ice in the Arctic. Ans. 4) The meaning of ‘blubber’ is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) habitat a) soft, fine feathers 2) down b) continue to live under difficult conditions 3) survive c) the natural home of an animal 52 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 52 04/10/2019 16:02:15
Module 5 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Listening Audio Listen and answer Vocabulary Suffixes Types of adjectives Grammar Degrees of comparison Editing exercise Formal Writing Biography writing Creative Writing English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 53 53 04/10/2019 16:02:16
Dictation 3) 6) Exercise 1: Word dictation 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 7) 8) Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and answer the questions. 1) What was Mrs Shastri doing when the thief came in? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) What did she do when she heard a loud noise? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) What was the thief doing when Mrs Shastri saw him? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What was the thief wearing? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) What did the thief steal? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 54 04/10/2019 16:02:16
RP Vocabulary Q Suffixes Exercise 3.1: Choose the correct suffix from between ‘-ment’ and ‘-tion’. Make new words by combining the base words with the correct suffixes. Base word Suffix New word 1) agree 2) attract 3) appoint 4) suggest 5) pay 6) invent Exercise 3.2: Fill in the blanks by using the correct suffix from between ‘-tion’ and ‘-ment’ in each case. Use the base words in brackets as hints. 1) Mira is moving in the ________________________________ (direct) of the campus. 2) Zaheer showed a marked ________________________________ (improve) in his writing skills. 3) The ________________________________ (argue) continued for two hours and stopped only after Rita accepted defeat. 4) Burying a person alive was a harsh ________________________________ (punish) given by rulers in olden times. 5) The ________________________________ (construct) site had a crane as well as a bulldozer. 6) My old grandmother needs to take medicines after every meal for proper ________________________________ (digest). Module 5 55 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 55 04/10/2019 16:02:16
Grammar Adjectives Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns. Read the passage and underline the adjectives. State whether these are adjectives of quality, quantity or number. Allan is a tall boy. He is wearing a new T-shirt. This is the fifth T-shirt he was gifted this year. He really loves his toy cars. Allan has seven toy cars. Allan carries some water and a little milk when he goes out to play. Ans. __________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Remember • Adjectives of quality point out the quality of nouns. They answer the question: ‘of what kind?’. Examples: blue sky, lovely day, noisy street, large room, old shirt • A djectives of quantity tell us ‘how many’ or ‘how much’. Examples: some, a little, all, several, much, many, a lot of, plenty of, few • A djectives of number tell us about the number or position of nouns or pronouns spoken about. They tell us ‘how many’. Examples: five, seventeen, twenty-four, tenth 56 04/10/2019 16:02:17 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 56
Exercise 4.1: Read the paragraph and underline the adjectives. Sort them into adjectives of quality, quantity and number. One is done for you. Adnan was excited. He was going to the market by himself for the first time. He entered the busy market and went to a shop. He bought some juice and three packets of biscuits. He had enough money to buy these things. Adjectives of quality excited Adjectives of quantity Adjectives of number Degrees of comparison Read the following sentences: Delhi is cold during winter. Shimla is colder than Delhi Leh is the coldest of the during winter. three cities. • In the first sentence, ‘cold’ is an adjective that simply describes the weather of Delhi during winter. • In the second sentence, the adjective ‘colder’ compares the weather of Shimla and Delhi during winter. • In the third sentence, the adjective ‘coldest’ is used to compare the weather of Delhi, Shimla and Leh during winter. It also shows which city is the ‘most cold’ among the three. To show comparison, adjectives change their forms. These forms are also known as degrees of comparison. Module 5 57 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 57 04/10/2019 16:02:17
The three degrees of comparison cold • This is the positive degree of an adjective. It is used when we describe something or someone and not for making a comparison. Examples: clever, strong, small • T his is the comparative degree of an adjective. It is used while comparing two nouns or pronouns. colder • W e can make a comparative degree by simply adding ‘-er’ to an adjective. Examples: cleverer, stronger, smaller • T he word ‘than’ is also used during comparisons. Example: Ramu is quicker than Mohan. • T his is the superlative degree of an adjective. It is used to compare more than two things. • It can be formed by adding ‘-est’ to the positive degree. Examples: cleverest, strongest, smallest coldest • W e use the word ‘the’ before the superlative degree. Example: Rakesh is the quickest boy in the class. • T he word 'among' is used when we compare more than two things or people. It also compares one person or thing in a group to the other people or things in the same group. Example: Jalebis are the sweetest among all the Indian sweets. Let us now look at the degrees of comparison of a few adjectives. Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree short shorter shortest long longer longest smart smarter smartest old older/elder oldest/eldest 58 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 58 04/10/2019 16:02:18
Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree rich richer richest weak weaker weakest new newer newest Exercise 4.2: Complete the table with positive, comparative or superlative degrees of the given adjectives. One is done for you. Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree 1) quick quicker quickest 2) _____________________ _____________________ oldest/eldest 3) _____________________ younger 4) poor _____________________ 5) bright _____________________ _____________________ 6) _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ strongest Exercise 4.3: Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the adjectives given in brackets. One is done for you. 1) Rajesh is taller (tall) than his brother, Rakesh. Module 5 59 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 59 04/10/2019 16:02:18
2) Praveen is too _________________________ (lazy) to exercise daily. 3) Arsha likes wearing _________________________ (big) earrings with her sarees. 4) May is the _________________________ (warm) month of the year. 5) This shoe is _________________________ (clean) than the other. 6) That is the _________________________ (bright) star in the sky. Writing Formal Writing Editing exercise Exercise 5: The paragraph given below has mistakes in it. There are spelling, punctuation, sentence formation and grammatical errors. Rewrite the passage after rectifying the errors. have you heard of thomas alva edison he is one of the great inventors ever known. You cannot imagin what he would do to get ansers. He wood carry out experiments to found the answers. Once he even sat on eggs and tries to hatch them? Grate scientists are born every day in the world, but the name off Edison will always be ritten in golden letters among there names. 60 04/10/2019 16:02:20 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 60
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Creative Writing Biography writing When someone writes about someone else’s life, that piece of writing is called a biography. Exercise 6: Write the biography of a person whom you know and admire. Share the important details of his or her life and their special characteristics. Hints: • Where and when was he or she born? • Describe his or her childhood. • Give a few details of his or her adulthood. • What kind of a person is he or she? • Why do you admire this person? 04/10/2019 16:02:20 62 English_Pinnacle_G4.indb 62
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