9B02_Tissues_Avanti Module

9B02 – Tissues 15 Fifth Edition 9B02. Tissues TABLE OF CONTENTS 9B02. Tissues 15 9B02.1 Cell Specialization and Meristematic Tissues.................................................................................................................16 9B02.2 Simple Permanent Tissues in Plants ...................................................................................................................................17 9B02.3 Complex Permanent Tissues in Plants and Connective Tissues in Animals .................................................19 9B02.4 Epithelial, Nervous and Muscular Tissues in Animals.............................................................................................21 CBSE Practice Problems .......................................................................................................................................................................23 Olympiad Practice Problems ...............................................................................................................................................................25

9B02 – Tissues 16 9B02.1 Cell Specialization and Meristematic Tissues CONCEPTS COVERED 1. Cell specialization in multicellular organisms 2. Definition, advantages and examples of tissues 3. Differences between plant and animal tissues 4. Definition and characteristics of meristematic tissues in plants IN CLASS EXERCISE Q1. Define tissues. Q2. What is the advantage of having tissues? Q3. Can you consider a cluster of eggs a tissue? Why? Q4. What is the difference between a cell and a tissue? Q5. Differentiate between plant and animal tissues. Q6. Do roots of a plant continue growing after their tips are removed? Explain giving reasons. Q7. Write a short note on apical meristematic tissue. Q8. What is primary growth of a plant? Why is it important? Q9. Why do meristematic tissues lack vacuoles? Q10. Draw a labelled sketch of a stem tip to show the location of meristematic tissue. Mention the functions of different types of meristematic tissue. HOMEWORK Q1. Starting from the cellular level, draw a flowchart showing the system of organization in organisms. Q2. Differentiate between types of meristematic tissues with their location and functions in plants. Q3. Write a short note on lateral meristematic tissue. Q4. Write a short note on intercalary meristematic tissue. Q5. Cutting of a rose plant is done timely in gardens but still it regains its length. Give reason. Q6. What characteristics of meristematic tissues make them different from other plant tissues? Q7. How does growth pattern in a tree differ from that in a human being? 9B02.1

9B02 – Tissues 17 9B02.2 Simple Permanent Tissues in Plants CONCEPTS COVERED 1. Concept of cell differentiation and formation of permanent tissue. 2. Definition and characteristics of simple permanent tissues in plants. IN CLASS EXERCISE Q1. What is simple permanent tissue? Q2. Differentiate between meristematic and permanent tissue in plants. Q3. Differentiate between sclerenchyma and parenchyma tissue. Q4. Write the difference between aerenchyma and chlorenchyma. Q5. I. Identify the region of the stem marked A in the given diagram and the type of simple permanent tissue found in this region. II. Mention any two characteristic features of the cells found in this tissue. Q6. I. Identify the tissue shown in the figure. II. Specify any parts of the plant where such cells are present. Q7. Which type of simple tissue of plants is used for making ropes? Q8. Write the functions of the following chemical substances found in plant tissues. I. Lignin II. Cutin Q9. Write a note on the protective tissue in plants (Give appropriate diagram also) Q10. List the characteristics of cork. How is it formed? Mention its role. 9B02.2

9B02 – Tissues 18 Q11. Solve the crossword Across: 1. Tissue which allows plants to bend without breaking 2. Tissue with dead cells found in husk of coconut. 4. Group of specialized cells performing a specific function. 6. Thick waxy coating present on outer layer of desert plants 7. Lateral meristem is found here Down: 1. Tissue which provides support to plants and also performs photosynthesis. 3. Intercalary meristem is found at the base of the __________ 5. Pores on the surface of epidermis HOMEWORK Q1. What is the main function of parenchyma? Q2. Give one main function of collenchyma. Q3. Which chemical is deposited in the cell wall of sclerenchyma? Q4. What is the function of stomata? Q5. What are the roles of epidermis in plants? Q6. Why and where is cutin present in desert plants? Q7. Water hyacinth floats on water surface. Explain. Q8. Name the tissue responsible for the flexibility in plants. How would you differentiate it from other permanent tissues? Q9. I. Identify the tissue given in following figure. II. Infer the characteristic features of these cells. III. Suggest any two parts of the plant where such cells are present. 9B02.2

9B02 – Tissues 19 9B02.3 Complex Permanent Tissues in Plants and Connective Tissues in Animals CONCEPTS COVERED 1. Definition and characteristics of complex permanent tissues in plants. 2. Definition and characteristics of connective tissues in animals. IN CLASS EXERCISE Q1. Define complex tissue in plants. Q2. Define connective tissue. Q3. Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues? How are they different from one another? Q4. I. Identify the diagram given below. II. Give any two major differences between the structures identified. III. Describe the role performed by these two in the plant body. Q5. Name three different types of blood cells and give their functions and draw diagram also. Q6. Define the following: tendon, ligament and cartilage. Q7. Differentiate between bone and cartilage. Q8. Name the tissue that smoothens bone surfaces at joints. Describe its structure with the help of diagram. Q9. What happens when a ligament gets over stretched? HOMEWORK Q1. What is the name of bone cell? Q2. Which type of connective tissue is present in hump of camel and blubber of whale? Q3. Which tissue is commonly known as “packaging tissue”? Q4. Which type of connective tissue has fibreless matrix? Q5. Write a note on vascular bundle. Q6. The transportation system of plants is composed of complex permanent tissue. These also have a transportation system within themselves. Clarify in detail with appropriate diagrams. Q7. What are WBCs? What is their function? 9B02.3

9B02 – Tissues 20 Q8. What are RBCs? What is their function? Q9. Write the names of various types of white blood cells (WBCs). Q10. What is blood platelet? What is its function? Q11. Give two example of cartilage. Q12. Animals of colder region and fishes of cold water have thicker layer of subcutaneous fat. Describe why. Q13. State the functions of skeletal connective tissues. Q14. Give differences between tendon and ligament. 9B02.3

9B02 – Tissues 21 9B02.4 Epithelial, Nervous and Muscular Tissues in Animals CONCEPTS COVERED 1. Definition and characteristics of following tissues in animals: a) Epithelial tissues b) Muscular tissues c) Nerve tissues IN CLASS EXERCISE Q1. Enumerate four main types of animal tissues. Q2. Describe functions of squamous epithelial tissue. Where is it found? Q3. What is the function of ciliated epithelium? Q4. I. State two important functions of cuboidal epithelium tissue. II. Why are skeletal muscles known as striated muscles? Q5. Write a note about structure and significance of striated muscles with diagram. Q6. Draw a well labelled diagram of cardiac muscle found in the human body. Write two differences between striated and smooth muscles. Q7. I. Which type of muscles, either smooth or striated is found in the iris of the eye? II. Why are smooth muscles called involuntary muscles? III. In what way they are different from striated muscles with respect to number of nuclei? Q8. What is neuron? Define it. Q9. Differentiate between axon and dendrite. Q10. Our will can control some of the actions of our body, but some are not in our control. Comment. Q11. Match the words of Column A with the appropriate words of Column B: Column A Column B a) Adipose tissue 1. Axon b) Neuron 2. Epithelial tissue c) Dark and light bands 3. Columnar epithelium d) Dermis of skin 4. Striated muscles e) Sieve pits 5. Fat cells f) Brick like 6. Phloem Q12. Solve the following crossword Across: 1. Hair like projections on the surface of epithelial cells 4. Type of epithelial cell which lines the mouth and oesophagus 8. Tissue which connects two bones 9. Vascular tissue with bidirectional flow of material 9B02.4

9B02 – Tissues 22 Down: 2. Tissue responsible for fat storage 3. Connective tissue with fluid matrix 5. Single long part of neuron 6. Dark and light bands on skeletal muscles 7. Vascular tissue with dead cells HOMEWORK Q1. Name the place in living organisms where the following tissues are located: I. Meristematic tissue II. Cartilage III. Ligament IV. Ciliated epithelium V. Squamous epithelium Q2. Name the kinds of cells found in the following places: I. Surface of the human skin II. Salivary gland III. Brain IV. Inner lining of wind pipe Q3. Give three differences between epithelial tissue and connective tissue. Q4. Differentiate between various types of muscular tissues. Draw appropriate diagram. Q5. What is goblet cell? Q6. Classify epithelial tissues on the basis of arrangements of layers. Q7. Give one example each of I. Squamous epithelium; II. Columnar epithelium Q8. Which type of epithelium is present in the organs where exchange of substances takes place? Q9. Describe epithelial tissues with diagrams. 9B02.4

23 9B02 – Tissues – CBSE Practice Problems INSTRUCTIONS Answer each of the following questions. 1. The connective tissue that connects muscle to bone is called B) Tendon D) All of the above A) Ligament C) Nervous tissue 2. A tissue whose cells are capable of dividing and redividing is called A) Comples tissue B) Connective tissue C) Permanent tissue D) Meristematic tissue 3. The size of stem increases in the width due to B) Intercalary meristem A) Apical meristem D) Lateral meristem C) Primary meristem 4. The flexibility in plants is due to a tissue called A) Chlorenchyma B) Parenchyma C) Sclerenchyma D) Collenchyma 5. The study of tissue is called ….. A) Cytology B) Embryology C) tlistology D) Pathology 6. Which of the following statement is NOT true ? A) Most of the plant tissue are the supportive type. B) Tissue ensure the division of labor C) Sedentary existence contributes to the organ system design in animals. D) Organ systems are far more complexity to perform a function 7. The basic principle based on which categories plant tissues as meristematic and permanent is A) Capacity to do photosynthesis B) Capacity to locomote C) Capacity to divide D) Complexity to perform a function. 8. Adits observed following observations while looking into a permanent slide. i) Cells are long and cylindrical ii) Light and dark bands are present It could be a slide of :- A) Striated muscle before B) Nevsen C) Smooth muscle fibre D) Parenchyma cells 9. Which muscles act involuntarily ? (i) Striated muscles (ii) Smooth muscles (iii) Cardiac muscles (iv) Skeletal muscle A) (i) and (ii) B) (ii) and (iii) C) (iii) and (iv) D) (i) and (iv) 10. Which is not a function of epidermis ? B) Gaseous exchange D) Transpiration A) Protection from adverse C) Conduction of water 11. Select the incorrect statement A) Blood has matrix containing proteins, salts and hormones B) Two bones are connected with ligament C) Tendons are non fibrous tissue and fragile D) Cartilage is a form of concoctive tissue. Avanti – 9B02 – Tissues – CBSE Practice Problems

12. Match the column ‫ ܣ‬with the column ‫ ܤ‬and choose the correct option. 24 a. Parenchyma i. Thin walled, packing cells b. Photosynthesis ii. Carbon fixation c. Aerenchyma iii. Localized thickenings d. Collenchyma iv. Buoyancy e. Permanent tissue v. Sclerenchyma A) a െ ii, b െ iii, c െ i, d െ iv, e െ v B) a െ i, b െ iii, c െ iv, d െ iii, e െ v C) a െ v, b െ iv, c െ iii, d െ ii, e െ i D) a െ ii, b െ iii, c െ i, d െ v, e െ iv 13. The muscular tissue which function through out the life continuosly without fatigue is A) Skeletal muscle B) Cardiac muscle C) Smooth muscle D) Voluntary muscle 14. Nerve cell does not contains B) Nerve endings C) Tendons D) Dendrites A) Axon 15. The tissue that lines and covers the body is A) Epithelial B) Corrective C) Nervous D) Muscle 16. The tissue that is thin enough to allow diffusion is B) Simple squamous epithelium D) Hyaline cartilage. A) Simple cuboidal epithelium C) Areolar corrective tisssue 17. Contractility is a property of which tissue ? A) Muscle B) Nervous C) Epithelial D) Corrective 18. Tissue that stores energy, act as insulation, and products organs is A) Muscle B) Nervous C) Adipose D) Bone 19. A cells body which contains a nucleus and cytoplasm is A) Blood B) Cartilage C) Tendon D) Neuron 20. Which of the following tissue is composed of mainly dead cells ? A) phloem B) Epidermis C) Xylem D) Endodermis 21. Sprain is caused by excessive pulling of A) Nerves B) Tendons C) Muscles D) Ligaments 22. Which tissue forms new cells in plants A) Permanent B) Meristematic C) Simple D) Parenchyma 23. Cuboidal : Epithelial : : cardiac : _____________ A) Nervous B) Connective C) Epithelial D) Muscular 24. Which of the following helps in repair of tissue and fills up the space inside the organ ? A) Tendon B) Adipose C) Arcolor D) Cartilage 25. The inner lining of blood vessels is made up of which tissue ? B) Epithelial tissue D) Muscle tissue A) Nervous tissue C) Connective tissue Avanti – 9B02 – Tissues – CBSE Practice Problems

25 9B02 – Tissues – Olympiad Practice Problems INSTRUCTIONS Answer each of the following questions. 1. Refer the given figure and select the correct option regarding it. A) ܲ are dead sclerenchyma fibres that provide mechanical strength. B) ܳ helps in maintaining pressure gradient. C) ܴ is the main conducting part of the phloem formed of cylindrical cells. D) ܵ is living parenchyma cell that stores food. 2. Read the following differences between lymph and blood. Lymph Blood i) It consists of plasma and leucocytes only. It consists of plasma, erythrocytes and platelets on- ii) The concentration of glucose is higher in lymph. ly. The concentration of glucose is less in blood. iii) Amount of metabolic wastes is normal. Amount of metabolic wastes is much more. iv) Its plasma has fewer proteins, calcium and phos- Its plasma has more proteins, calcium and phospho- phorus. rus. Which of these difference is/are incorrect? A) (i) and (iii) B) (ii) only C) (iii) only D) (ii) and (iv) . DIRECTION (Q. 3 & 4): Refer the given passage and answer the following questions. The plant body comprises of root and shoot systems which differ in their arrangement in different species of plants. The cells of these systems are arranged in three tissue systems, namely, epidermal, vascular and ground tissue system. Epi- dermal tissue system secretes cuticle on stem and leaves. It covers and protects the plant. Vascular tissue system is ar- ranged differentially in monocots and dicots and consists of xylem and phloem. It is continuous throughout the plant. Ground tissue system is the most extensive system that acts as a filler between vascular tissue and epidermis. Its function is storage and support. 3. Which of following tissues do you expect to be the most important during droughts and why? A) Vascular tissue because phloem regulates water supply to the plant. B) Ground tissue because water can be stored in sclerenchyma for use during drought. C) Epidermal tissue because it is covered with a waxy cuticle and also bears drought responsive stomata. D) All of these 4. Identify the incorrect statements out of the following and select the correct option. (I) Epidermal tissue system forms the outermost covering of various plant organs. (II) Ground tissue synthesizes organic compounds and controls photosynthesis with the help of collenchyma cells. Avanti – 9B02 – Tissues – Olympiad Practice Problems

(III) Epidermal tissue of leaves is called mesophyll which is made up of two types of cells, palisade and spongy. 26 (IV) Ground tissue systems forms interior of plant organ with exclusion of dermal and vascular systems. A) (I) and (II) B) (II) and (III) C) (I) and (IV) D) (I), (II) and (IV) 5. There are given some characteristic features of ԢܺԢ. Identify ԢܺԢ and select the correct statements related to ԢܺԢ. i) The matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts. ii) The matrix contains cells that are involved in the breakdown of the matrix to enable the further development and restructuring of ԢܺԢ during growth and repair. iii) Narrow passageways form through the matrix to allow for exchange of nutrients. Ԣࢄᇱ Correct statements A) Bone (i) and (iii) B) Blood (ii) and (iii) C) Bone (i), (ii) and (iii) D) Epithelial tissue (i) and (ii) E) None of these 6. The given figure is a type of microscopic cell organelle which is found in all animal cells, but is most numerous in dis- ease fighting cells, such as white blood cells. This is because white blood cells must digest more material than most other types of cells in their quest to battle bacteria, viruses and other foreign in- truders. Identify this cell organelle. A) Endoplasmic reticulum B) Mitochondria C) Lysosome D) Nucleus E) None of these 7. A (i) is a non-living, elongated cell with tapering ends. Its walls are highly thickened with (ii) except at certain circu- lar spots known as (iii) A (iv) is a cylindrical tube-like structure placed one above the other end to end. (v) is a non- living, thick walled cell providing mechanical support. Select the correct sequence of words to complete the above paragraph. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) A) Vessel Lignin Stoma Tracheid Xylem fibre B) Tracheid Suberin Pits Vessel Parenchyma C) Vessel Suberin Stoma Tracheid Sclereid D) Tracheid Lignin Pits Vessel Xylem fibre 8. Study the given flow chart and select the incorrect statement regarding ܲ, ܳ, ܴ and ܵ. A) ԢܲԢ can be the tissue which is present in root tips and shoot tips. B) Tissue ԢܳԢ is primarily responsible for storage of food. C) Tissue ԢܴԢ is responsible for transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant body. D) Tissue ԢܵԢ is made up of four types of cells–vessels, tracheids, fibres and parenchyma. Avanti – 9B02 – Tissues – Olympiad Practice Problems

9. The matrix of bone is in the form of thin concentric rings, called ____________. Bone cells, called ___________ are present in 27 fluid–filled spaces called ________________. These fluid–filled spaces of the bone communicate with each other by net- work of fine canals, called ____________________. Select the correct sequence of words to complete the above passage. A) Lacunae, Osteoblasts, Lamellae, Canaliculi B) Lamellae, Osteocytes, Lacunae, Canaliculi C) Lamellae, Chondrocytes, Canaliculi, Lacunae D) Lacunae, Adipocytes, Canaliculi, Sarcoplasm 10. Refer to the diagrammatic representations of parts of two different tissues, ܺ and ܻ. Now, read the following statements and select the correct ones regarding these tissues. (i) ܺ is an animal tissue whereas ܻ is a plant tissue. (ii) ܺ is the major water conducting tissue in vascular plants and gives mechanical strength to plant body. (iii) ܺ is composed of all dead cells whereas ܻ is composed of all living cells. (iv) ܺ conducts water in vascular plants in downward direction. (v) In animals, ܻ helps in conduction of nerve impulses from various organs to brain and spinal cord and vice versa. A) (i) and (ii) only B) (iv) only C) (v) only D) (iii), (iv) and (v) only 11. Given below is the diagrammatic representation of an animal tissue, ܺ. Identify the tissue and select the correct option regarding it. A) Tissue ܺ forms a shock absorbing cushion around kidneys and eyeballs. B) Tissue ܺ fills the spaces inside the organs and fastens the peritoneum to the body wall. C) Tissue ܺ connects skeletal muscles with bones. D) Tissues ܺ is commonly called packaging tissue of the body. 12. Shown below are the diagrammatic representations of two different types of tissues ܲ and ܳ. Which of the following holds true regarding tissues ܲ and ܳ? A) Tissue ܲ helps in gaseous exchange in multicellular animals. B) Tissue ܳ provides mechanical support, elasticity and tensile strength to the plant part where it is present. C) Tissue ܲ is the most widely distributed connective tissue in animal body. D) Cells of tissue ܳ have extremely thick walls, which possess thickenings of pectin and lignin at corners. 13. Select the correct statement regarding cell wall of plant cells. A) Primary cell wall is chiefly composed of a soluble fibrous polysaccharide called suberin. B) Secondary cell wall is mainly composed of lignin and is deposited on the outer surface of primary walls. Avanti – 9B02 – Tissues – Olympiad Practice Problems

C) Pits are present in primary walls whereas they are absent in secondary walls. 28 D) The primary cell walls of adjacent cells are cemented through middle lamella which is composed of calcium and magnesium pectate. Direction (Q. No. 14 and 15): Refer to the given dichotomous key and answer the following questions: I. a) The cells of tissue have walls. – Go to II b) The cells of tissue do not possess wall. - Go to III II. a) Tissue made of one type of cells. – Go to IV b) Tissue made of more than one type of cells. – Go to V III. a) The tissue lines the alveoli of lungs.–[ܲ] b) The tissue forms shock absorbing cushion around some vital organs.–[ܳ] IV. a) Cells of tissue contain air cavities and it provides buoyancy.–[ܴ] b) The tissue provides mechanical strength and flexibility to young dicot stems and petioles–[ܵ] V. a) Tissue conducts water.–[ܶ] b) Tissue conducts organic solutes.–[ܷ] 14. Select the incorrect option regarding tissues ܲ, ܳ, ܴ, ܵ, ܶ and ܷ. A) ܲ is an epithelial tissue whereas ܳ is a loose connective tissue. B) ܶ is either greatly reduced or absent but ܴ is exclusively present in aquatic floating plants whereas ܵ is found in Cucurbita stems. C) ܴ is aerenchyma, ܵ is collenchyma, ܶ is xylem and ܷ is phloem. D) ܷ is found is grit of guava, pear, etc., whereas the matrix of tissue ܲ contains a flexible material called chondrin. 15. Select the correct match of tissue and its location. B) ܳ–Blubber of whale ܴ–Covering of nuts A) ܲ–Wall of Bowman’s capsule ܵ–Epidermal covering of legume seeds D) ܳ–In subcutaneous tissue ܶ–Stele or vascular cylinder of monocot root C) ܴ–Petiole of lotus ܷ–Hump of camel 16. Refer to the given picture of blood smear and select the correct option regarding different blood corpuscles (ܲ– S). A) Blood cell ܳ plays a major role in transport of gases within the body. B) A person who is unable to produce blood cell ܵ bleeds continuously even from a minor injury. C) Blood cell ܲ produces antibodies in response to pathogenic infection in the body. D) Blood cell ܴ contains a red pigment called haemoglobin that shows affinity for oxygen. 17. Which of the following are correctly paired? i) Growth – Cambium ii) Protection – Hypodermis iii) Transport of food – Phloem iv) Support – Collenchyma A) (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv) B) (i), (iii) & (iv) C) (i) & (ii) D) (i), (ii) & (iii) 18. Which of the following parts in the given figure are labelled incorrectly? A) Mast cell and fibrocyte B) Mast cell and histiocyte C) White fibres and mast cell D) Yellow fibres and fibrocyte Avanti – 9B02 – Tissues – Olympiad Practice Problems

19. Identify the blood cells in the given figure and select the correct option regarding them. 29 A) ܲ represents basophil which releases histamine and heparin. B) ܳ represents eosinophil whose number increases in asthmatic people. C) ܴ represents neutrophil which is phagocytic in nature. D) All of these 20. The given figure shows four different types of epithelium ܲ, ܳ, ܴ and ܵ. Select the correct option regarding this. A) ܲ is found in organs involved in secretion such as stomach. B) ܴ is found in respiratory tract and helps in gaseous exchange. C) ܳ is found in outer skin layer of sole and palms and is protective in function. D) ܵ is ciliated columnar epithelium and is found in inner surface of eyelids. 21. Refer the given showing plant meristems and select the incorrect option regarding this. A) If part ܺ is removed, side braches will grow will and plant will become short and bushy in appearance. B) If part ܻ is removed, internode elongation will not occur and leaves and flowers will not be produced at all. C) If part ܼ is removed, a mango tree stem will remain as thin as a mustard plant. D) Both (A) and (C) 22. Select the incorrect statement regarding the bone or osseous tissue. A) Matrix of bone is formed by organic matter only. B) Long bones have a marrow cavity which is filled with a neurovascular tissue called bone marrow. C) Bone is externally covered by a thick sheath, called periosteum. D) Matrix of bone is arranged in concentric rings, called Haversian lamellae. 23. Identify the given plant tissues/cells and match them with their respective functions [list (i) –(v)]. Select the correct option from the codes given below. i) Forms hypodermis of monocot stem. Avanti – 9B02 – Tissues – Objective Assignment

ii) Multicellular, long sized and transport water in angiosperms. 30 iii) Actively transport sugar from storage organs and leaves to the parts in need. iv) It hardens the nut. v) Unicellular, small sized and transport water in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and a few angiosperms. a bcdE A) (iii) (ii) (v) (i) (iv) B) (i) (v) (ii) (iii) (iv) C) (i) (ii) (v) (iii) (iv) D) (iii) (v) (ii) (i) (iv) 24. Identify the different types of white blood cells ܺ, ܻ and ܼ shown in the given figure and select the correct option re- garding these. A) ܺ releases histamine and heparin. B) ܻ secrets antibodies to destroy microbes. C) ܼ is phagocytic in nature. D) ܻ has granules in its cytoplasm which take basic stains strongly. 25. In the given figure, in which labelled part (‫ )ݏ‬the nucleus disappears at maturity ? A) a B) b C) c D) Both B & C Avanti – 9B02 – Tissues – Objective Assignment