51704345_BGM_Passport_G2_Textbook_Maths_text

Solution: Two numbers and their sum are given. We can use some situation to frame the story sum. Step 1: Think of a situation. Here, let us take the number of different fruits such as oranges and apples in a basket. Step 2: Write the story in your words. There were 32 oranges and 22 apples in a fruit basket. How many fruits were there in all? Maths Munchies Trick to add 3-digit numbers quickly: 355 + 152 213 Step 1: 355 + 152 can be written as 350 + 5 + 150 + 2 In this step, 355 is split into 350 and 5 and 152 into 150 and 2 Step 2: 350 + 150 = 500 5+2=7 500 + 7 = 507 So, 355 + 152 = 507. Connect the Dots EVS Fun Count the total number of fingers and toes you have. Also count the same for the other members of your family. Write the total number of fingers and toes that you have counted. Addition 47 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 51 12/22/2017 11:00:26 AM

English Fun Let us read a funny poem about Addition. I got a new dog, Addition’s his name, He lives in the kitchen, eating’s his game! He weighed in at 4 pounds, but added 4 more, 8 pounds was the sum, he couldn’t squeeze out the door... 8 pounds? Not big! So he added 8 more, The sum was 16, he was growing galore! 16’s enough! I yelled, “Don’t get bigger! 16 more pounds, was too heavy to figure! Now Addition’s so big, it’s just a sad fact, I’ll need dog, Addition, to learn to subtract. Drill Time Concept 4.1: Add 2-digit and 3-digit Numbers 1) Add 2-digit numbers with regrouping. a) 77 + 13 b) 26 + 35 c) 19 + 35 d) 49 + 12 e) 55 + 25 2) Add 3-digit numbers without regrouping. a) 166 + 111 b) 612 + 352 c) 181 + 315 d) 490 + 100 e) 812 + 121 3) Word problems a) Farah has 11 balloons and her friend has 29 balloons. How many balloons do they have in all? b) Akhil had 120 pens in one box and 121 pens in another box. How many pens did he have in all? A Note to Parent Take your child to the supermarket. Ask them to pick up three things of their choice and find the total cost of the items. 48 12/22/2017 11:00:26 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 52

Chapter Subtraction 5 I Will Learn About • subtracting 2-digit and 3-digit numbers. • properties of subtraction. • mental Maths techniques for subtraction. Concept 5.1: Subtract 2-digit and 3-digit Numbers I Think David got 83 candies from his parents for his birthday. He gives 27 candies to his friend Neha. How can David find the number of candies left with him without counting? 5.1 I Recall In class 1, we have learnt to subtract using a number line and also by counting. We have also learnt subtraction using the place value chart. Let us solve the following to recall the concept of subtraction. NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 53 49 12/22/2017 11:00:26 AM

Count, write and subtract the numbers in the boxes. 12/22/2017 11:00:26 AM a) b) c) d) 50 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 54

5.1 I Remember and Understand 9. Subtraction of 2-digit numbers with regrouping Place values of digits in 2-digit numbers are tens and While subtracting, ones. Sometimes, subtracting 2-digit numbers needs always start from regrouping. Let us see some examples. the ones place. Example 1: Subtract 48 from 56. Solve these Solution: To subtract, follow these steps: TO 44 Steps Solved –3 8 Step 1: Write the numbers according TO to their places. Subtract the digits in the ones place. But, we cannot 56 subtract 8 from 6. So, we have to –4 8 regroup the tens. 5 tens = 4 tens + 1 ten. We know that 1 ten = 10 ones. Step 2: Add 1 ten to the ones place. TO TO So, it becomes 16 ones. Also, subtract 4 16 98 1 ten from the tens place (that is, 56 –3 9 5 – 1 = 4). Now, subtract 8 from 16. –4 8 That is, 16 – 8 = 8. Write the difference TO in the ones place. 8 86 –2 7 Step 3: Subtract the digits in the tens TO place. That is, 4 – 4 = 0. Write the 4 16 difference in the tens place. 56 –4 8 So, 56 – 48 = 8. 08 Subtraction 51 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 55 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM

Subtract 3-digit Numbers without regrouping Let us understand how to subtract 3-digit numbers through an example. Example 2: Subtract 141 from 943. Solution: To subtract the given numbers, follow these steps: Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Arrange the numbers HTO HTO according to their place values. 943 784 –1 4 1 –3 3 2 HTO HTO 496 Step 2: Subtract the digits in the 943 –2 6 2 ones place. Write the difference in –1 4 1 the ones place. That is, 3 – 1 = 2. 2 HTO HTO 636 Step 3: Subtract the digits in the 943 –1 3 0 tens place. Write the difference in –1 4 1 the tens place. That is, 4 – 4 = 0. 02 Step 4: Subtract the digits in HTO HTO the hundreds place. Write the 846 943 –4 2 0 difference in the hundreds place. That is, 9 − 1= 8. –1 4 1 So, 943 – 141 = 802. 802 Properties of subtraction 1) Zero property: When we subtract 0 from a number, the difference is the number itself. For example, 12 – 0 = 12 52 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 56

2) Before numbers property: When we subtract 1 from a number, we get the number that is just before it. For example, 35 – 1 = 34 3) Subtracting a number from itself: When we subtract a number from itself, the difference is 0. For example, 35 – 35 = 0 Train My Brain a) Subtract 0 from 12. b) Find the difference between 50 and 1. c) What is the difference when a number is subtracted from itself? 5.1 I Apply We use the concept of subtraction to solve some real-life situations. Let us see a few examples. Example 3: A class of 390 students is divided in red and blue groups. Among them, 150 students are in the red group. How many students are in the blue group? Solution: Number of students in the class = 390 HTO Number of students in red group = 150 39 0 Number of students in blue group = 390 – 150 −15 0 So, there are 240 students in the blue group. 2 4 0 Example 4: There are 52 candies in a jar. Children ate up 37 of TO them. How many candies are left in the jar? Solution: Number of candies in a jar = 52 4 12 Number of candies eaten by children = 37 52 Number of candies left in the jar = 52 – 37 −3 7 So, there are 15 candies left in the jar. 15 Subtraction 53 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 57 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM

5.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us now learn to frame a story sum based on subtraction. Example 5: Given 163 −120 = 43, frame a story sum. Solution: Two numbers and their difference are given. We can use a situation to frame the story sum. Step 1: Think of a situation. For example, Shyam takes some chocolates to school on his birthday. Since it is subtraction, these chocolates should be given away. Step 2: Write the story in your words. Shyam takes 163 chocolates to school on his birthday. He shares 120 chocolates among his classmates. How many chocolates are left with him? Concept 5.2: Subtract Two 1-digit Numbers Mentally I Think David had ` 9 with him. He gave ` 4 to his sister. How much amount was left with David? Can you find out without using pen and paper? 5.2 I Recall To subtract numbers mentally, we need to remember the correct order of numbers. Also we need to practise backward counting of numbers in the correct order. 54 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 58

Let us recall how to write numbers backwards from 20 to 1. 20 1 5.2 I Remember and Understand Let us understand how to subtract two 1-digit numbers mentally, through this example. If the two given Example 6: Subtract mentally: 2 from 5 numbers are the Solution: To subtract the given numbers same, the answer is mentally, follow these steps: zero. Steps Solved Solve this 2 from 5 4 from 9 Step 1: Keep the bigger number in mind. The bigger number is The bigger number is 5. So, keep 5 in mind. _____. So, keep _______ in mind. Step 2: Keep as many fingers The smaller number is The smaller number is open as the smaller number. 2. So, keep 2 fingers _____. So, keep _______ open. fingers open. Step 3: Begin counting The number before The number before ___ backwards from the bigger 5 is 4. Count 2 fingers is ___. Count ___ fingers number. Fold as many fingers backwards as 4 backwards as ___, ___, as the smaller number. and 3. ___, and ____. Step 4: Write the number The difference of 5 The difference of 9 and obtained in step 3 as the and 2 is 5 – 2 = 3. 4 is 9 – 4 = ___. difference of the given numbers. Subtraction 55 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 59 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM

Train My Brain c) 4 – 4 Solve the following mentally: a) 8 – 6 b) 7 – 3 5.2 I Apply We have seen how easy it is to subtract 1-digit numbers mentally. It is important to use mental subtraction of numbers in some real-life situations. Let us see a few examples. Example 7: Meena has 7 chocolates with her. She gave 3 of them to her sister. How many chocolates are left with Meena? Solution: Number of chocolates Meena has = 7 Number of chocolates Meena gave to her sister = 3 The bigger number is 7. The smaller number is 3. So, we keep the bigger number in the mind. We keep the smaller number on the fingers. That is, 7 in the mind, 3 on the fingers. But when we subtract we count backwards. Before 7, we count 3 fingers backwards as 6, 5 and 4. So, 4 chocolates are left with Meena. Example 8: Sameer is on an 8-day long vacation to Shimla with his family. He has spent 5 days there. How many days are left in his vacation? Solution: Number of days of vacation = 8 Number of days of the vacation spent = 5 The bigger number is 8 and the smaller number is 5. So, we keep the bigger number (8) in the mind. Keep the smaller number (5) on the fingers. 56 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 60

But when we subtract, we count backwards. Before 8, we count 5 fingers as 7, 6, 5, 4 and 3. So, 3 days of Sameer’s vacation are left. 5.2 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us now see an example involving mental addition and subtraction together. Example 9: Priya had 6 pencils. She gave 2 pencils to her brother and 1 pencil to her sister. How many pencils did she give in all? How many pencils are left with Priya now? Solution: Total number of pencils with Priya = 6 Number of pencils she gave her brother = 2 Number of pencils she gave her sister = 1 We need to find the total number of pencils Priya gave away. So, add the number of pencils she gave to her brother and to her sister. The bigger number is 2 and the smaller number is 1. So, keep 2 in mind and 1 on the fingers. After 2, count 1 finger ahead. So, Priya gave away 3 pencils. Now, we need to find the number of pencils left. So, for this, subtract the number of pencils given away from the total pencils. The bigger number is 6 and the smaller number is 3. So, keep 6 in mind and 3 on fingers. Counting 3 fingers backwards from 6 we get 3. So, 3 pencils are left with Priya. Subtraction 57 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 61 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM

Maths Munchies 213 Subtraction of 2-digit numbers from 100: 1 0 0 − 8 6 from 9 Consider the example 100 – 86. = 1 4 from 10 In this example, we have subtracted 8 from 9 and then 6 from 10 which results in 14. This trick helps in faster calculations. Connect the Dots English Fun Let us read a poem about Subtraction. Here we go subtracting numbers, To find the difference Subtracting numbers, subtracting Next you take away a part, numbers Away a part, away a part, Here we go subtracting numbers, Next you take away a part, To find the difference To find the difference First you start with the whole, You have found the other part, With the whole, with the whole, The other part, the other part, First you start with the whole, You have found the other part, That is the difference. 58 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 62

EVS Fun You have invited 15 people. Six of them are your friends. Also, there is one uncle, one aunt and three cousins. Your parents and grandparents are also there. If we separate all the extended family members, how many guests will remain? Drill Time Concept 5.1: Subtract 2-digit and 3-digit Numbers 1) Subtract 2-digit numbers with regrouping. a) 25 – 18 b) 37 – 29 c) 48 – 19 d) 56 – 27 e) 90 – 25 2) Subtract 3-digit numbers without regrouping. a) 356 – 256 b) 197 – 106 c) 786 – 122 d) 476 – 111 e) 854 – 221 3) Word problems a) V ivaan has 33 cups in a box. He removed 17 of them and placed on the table. How many cups are left in the box? b) B aiju has 142 marbles with him in a basket. Out of these, he removed 100. How many marbles are left in the basket? Concept 5.2: Subtract Two 1-digit Numbers Mentally 4) Subtract the following mentally: a) 3 from 9 b) 2 from 7 c) 2 from 4 d) 7 from 8 e) 1 from 2 Subtraction 59 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 63 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM

Drill Time 5) Word problems a) Sana drew 8 balloons out of which she coloured 6 red and the rest blue. How many balloons were coloured blue? b) Rohan made a bunch of 5 flowers out of which 1 flower fell down from his hand. How many flowers are left in his hand? A Note to Parent Give your child some toffees. Now play as follows: a) A sk for 0 toffees. Then, ask the number of toffees left. b) Ask them to give you one toffee. Then, ask to count the number of toffees left. c) A sk them to give you different number of toffees and ask to count the number of toffees left. 60 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 64

Chapter Time 6 I Will Learn About • days of the week and months of the year. • the terms ‘decade’ and ‘century’. • features of a calendar. • s easons in a year. • s equence of events occurring over long periods. • reading and writing time. Concept 6.1: Days of a Week and Months of a Year I Think On 18th February, David’s mother planned to take the family on a picnic. They planned to go after the 2nd week of the next month. David wanted to know the exact date of the picnic. Do you know how David would know the exact date? 6.1 I Recall We do many activities throughout the day. Each activity takes some time to complete. Some events finish soon, while the others take more time. NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 65 61 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM

Tick the activity that takes more time in each of the following pairs. a) b) c) 6.1 I Remember and Understand 10 years make a decade. We see the days and months of a year in a calendar. 100 years make a Observe the given calendar. The days of the week in century. your class timetable can also be seen in this calendar. But it has another day which is not there in your class timetable. Do you know which day it is? 62 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 66

Calendar of 2018 January Sat February Sat March Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 6 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 3 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 3 13 10 10 12345 20 12 17 12 17 7 8 9 10 11 12 27 456789 24 456789 24 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 11 12 13 14 15 16 31 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 18 19 20 21 22 23 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 25 26 27 28 29 30 April Sat May Sat June Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 7 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 5 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 2 123456 14 12 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 21 1234 19 1 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 28 6 7 8 9 10 11 26 345678 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 30 29 30 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 july Sat august Sat september Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 7 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 4 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 1 123456 14 11 30 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 21 123 18 234567 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 28 5 6 7 8 9 10 25 9 10 11 12 13 14 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 17 18 19 20 21 29 29 30 31 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 24 25 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 30 31 October Sat November Sat December Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 6 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 3 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 1 13 10 30 31 8 12345 20 12 17 234567 15 7 8 9 10 11 12 27 456789 24 9 10 11 12 13 14 22 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 29 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 The following are the features of a calendar: • Calendar is another way of reading time. • It shows time in days, weeks and months. • Days are given column-wise and dates are given row-wise. • Some calendars show days row-wise and dates column-wise. Time 63 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 67 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM

• Some days are marked in red. These indicate holidays or special days. • In some calendars, special days are also written below the date. Week • There are seven days in a week. • The days of the week are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Month • A month has 30 or 31 days. • February is the 2nd month in a year. It has 28 or 29 days. • There are four full weeks in a month. Year A year has 12 months. They are January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December. Using a calendar, we can know the day and the date. Let us now learn to read a calendar. 64 12/22/2017 11:00:27 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 68

Example 1: Read the calendar of 2018 carefully. Answer the following questions. a) On which day does 15th August fall? b) How many Sundays are there in the month of June? c) How many weeks are there in February? Solution: a) 15th August is on a Wednesday. b) The month of June has four Sundays. c) There are four weeks in February. Example 2: Read the calendar of 2018 and answer the following questions. a) 9th December is Sunday. When is the next Sunday? b) Name the 3rd month of the year. c) Name the 11th month of the year. Solution: a) T here are seven days in a week. So, we add 7 to the given date to get the same day in the next week. 9 + 7 = 16. So, the next Sunday is 16th December. b) March is the 3rd month of the year. c) November is the 11th month of the year. Train My Brain Fill in the blanks. a) 7 days make a ________________. b) 12 months make a _____________. c) ________________ is the 2nd month of a year. 6.1 I Apply The Earth moves around the Sun. It takes around 365 days and 6 hours for one round. Time 65 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 69 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM

Seasons are caused due to the Earth’s movement Summer around the Sun. The three main seasons in a year are: • Summer • Rainy Winter Rainy • Winter These three seasons are spread over the 12 months of a year. In India, the seasons and the months in which they fall are as follows: Summer Rainy Winter later days of February later days of June later days of October March July November April August December May September January earlier days of June earlier days of October earlier days of February Example 3: Answer these questions: a) Which season comes before winter? b) Which season falls between winter and rainy? c) Which season is it during August? Solution: a) Rainy season b) Summer season c) Rainy season Example 4: Answer the following questions: a) Which months fall under the rainy season? b) Which season is it in January? c) In which season does the Sun shine brightly? Solution: a) mid-June, July, August, September and mid-October b) Winter season c) Summer season 66 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 70

6.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Read the following examples. Example 5: If today is 9th May and it is summer now, what season was it four months ago? Solution: Winter season (because four months ago it was January). Example 6: If it is rainy now, what season will it be twelve months from now? Solution: Rainy season Concept 6.2: Sequence the Events Over Longer Periods I Think David now knows in which part of the day he does different activities. He wants to narrate the activities one after the other along with the time. Do you also want to narrate your daily activities in the same way? 6.2 I Recall When the Sun rises, we know that it is morning. The Sun is right above us at noon. After school, we play with our friends in the evening. We have dinner and go to sleep at night. Let us recall the events in a day. a) Stars twinkle ________ (at noon/at night). b) My father goes for a __________ (morning/noon) walk. c) The paper boy gets newspaper in the (morning/night). d) Boating is done during the _____________ (day-time/night-time). e) I went to the zoo during the ___________ (day-time/night-time). Time 67 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 71 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM

6.2 I Remember and Understand We use a clock to find time. Numbers from 1 to 12 are written on the face of the clock. Minute Hand For every one complete Hour Hand round of the minute hand, the hour hand moves forward to the next number. This means that one hour is completed. The clock has two hands: 1) the short hand, known as the ‘hour hand’, and 2) the long hand, called the ‘minute hand’. Reading time When the minute hand points to 12 and the hour hand to any one of the numbers, we read it as the time at that hour. When the hour hand is on 3 and the minute hand on 12, we say it is 3 o’clock. Example 7: Read the time shown on these clocks. a) b) Solution: We can read the time as: 68 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 72

The minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 5. The time is 5 o’clock. a) The minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 8. The time is 8 o’clock. b) Example 8: Read the time on these clocks and mention where the hour and the minute hands are. a) b) Solution: We can read the time as: The minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 10. The time is 10 o’clock. a) The minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 11. The time is 11 o’clock. b) Time 69 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 73 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM

Train My Brain Read the time shown on these clocks. a) b) c) 6.2 I Apply We have learnt to read time from the clock. Let us now write activities in a sequence. Example 9: Arrange the following events according to the sequence in which they happen. a) Cutting woods at b) Packing bag at c) Hiking to reach the 5 o’clock in the 10 o’clock in the site at 12 o’clock evening morning in the noon d) cooking food for dinner at e) b uilding the camp at 7 o’clock in the night 2 o’clock in the afternoon Solution: Order in which the event happened is: b) c) e) a) d) 70 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 74 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM

Example 10: Look at the clocks and write the time. Also arrange the events. a) I drink milk and have b) I eat my snacks and c) I watch TV at my breakfast at do homework at ___8__ o’clock in the _____ o’clock in the _____ o’clock at night. morning. evening. f) I have my dinner at d) I go to bed at e) I reach school at _____ o’clock at night. _____ o’clock in the _____ o’clock at night morning. g) I go to play at h) I have my lunch at i) I come home from school at _____ o’clock in the _____ o’clock in the _____ o’clock in the evening. afternoon. afternoon. Solution: a) e) h) i) b) g) c) f) d) 6.2 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us learn to draw hands on the clock when time is given. Time 71 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 75 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM

Example 11: Draw the hands of the clock to show the given time. One is done for you. Solution: We can draw the hands of the clock as: a) b) c) 2 o’clock 12 o’clock 10 o’clock d) e) f) 11 o’clock 4 o’clock 3 o’clock g) h) i) 5 o’clock 8 o’clock 9 o’clock Maths Munchies 213 Skip counting to tell the time To tell the minutes, we need to skip count by 5. Number on the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 clock Number of 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 minutes 72 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 76

Connect the Dots English Fun Let us read a funny poem on calendar. 30 days have September, April, June and November. All the rest have 31, Except for February alone, Which has 28 days clear, And 29 in a leap year. EVS Fun Go out and observe your shadow in the morning, noon and evening. Is there any change in the length of the shadow? Drill Time Concept 6.1: Days of a Week and Months of a Year 1) Name the seasons that fall in the following months. a) later days of October b) January c) April d) earlier days of June e) December Time 73 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 77 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM

Drill Time 2) Read the calendar of February 2019 and answer the following. February Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 12 3456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 a) How many days are there in the month of February? b) How many weeks does February 2019 have? c) If 20th February falls on a Monday, when is the next Monday? d) What is the date on the last day of the month? e) How many Saturdays are there in this month? Concept 6.2: Sequence the Events Over Longer Periods 3) Read the time shown by the clocks given below. a) b) c) d) e) f) 74 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 78

Drill Time 4) Number the pictures in sequence in each of the following. Begin with 1 for the first activity. A Note to Parent Help your child make his or her own clock using a paper plate and straws of paper for arms. Explain how the arms of the clock move from 4 o’clock to 5 o’clock. Time 75 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 79 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM

Chapter Money 7 I Will Learn About • a dding and subtracting amounts without conversion. • estimation of amounts. Concept 7.1: Add and Subtract Money without Conversion I Think David and his mother bought a few items from a shop. When David’s mother paid the bill, the shopkeeper gave her some change. David wondered why the shopkeeper gave his mother some money. Do you know why? 7.1 I Recall We add or subtract numbers by writing them one below the other. This method is called the column method. 76 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 80

Solve the following to recall the addition and subtraction of numbers. T O T O T O T O 2 6 3 4 3 4 8 0 +1 1 +2 2 –1 3 –1 0 Let us revise the concept of addition of notes and coins. Complete the table with the number of notes and coins that will add up to the given value. One is done for you. ` 20 note ` 10 note ` 5 coin ` 2 coin ` 1 coin ` 47 2 11 ` 23 ` 35 ` 78 ` 99 7.1 I Remember and Understand In the column method, we write rupees under rupees. Then we write paise under paise, exactly one below the other. When paise Money is written in is not given, we put 00 in the paise column. Then we rupees and paise, add or subtract as usual. separated by a dot. Addition of money Let us understand adding amounts through an example. Example 1: Add: ` 45.50 and ` 32.20 Solution: Arrange rupees and paise in two columns. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Add the paise. `p `p Write the sum in the paise 45 . 50 11 . 11 column. +32 . 20 +22 . 22 70 Money 77 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 81 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM

Steps Solved Solve these Step 2: Add the rupees. `p `p Write the sum in the 45 . 50 20 . 19 rupees column. +32 . 20 +32 . 20 77 . 70 Subtraction of money Let us understand subtracting amounts through an example. Example 2: Subtract: ` 25.40 from ` 75.60 Solution: Arrange rupees and paise in two columns as shown. Write the larger amount above the smaller amount. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Subtract the paise. `p `p Write the difference in the 75 . 60 45 . 45 paise column. –25 . 40 –12 . 12 20 Step 2: Subtract the rupees. `p `p Write the difference in the 75 . 60 98 . 43 rupees column. –25 . 40 –46 . 22 50 . 20 Train My Brain Solve the following: b) ` 21.25 + ` 42.23 c) ` 76.24 – ` 12.10 a) ` 34.33 – ` 24.22 7.1 I Apply Let us see some real-life examples of addition and subtraction of money. 78 12/22/2017 11:00:28 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 82

Example 3: Five bananas cost ` 20 and two pencils cost ` 12. What is their Solution: total cost? ` Cost of five bananas = ` 20 20 Cost of two pencils = ` 12 +12 Their sum = ` 20 + ` 12 = ` 32 32 So, the total cost of bananas and pencils is ` 32. Example 4: Veer bought a ball for ` 10 and gave the shopkeeper ` 15. How much change did the shopkeeper give Veer? Solution: The amount Veer paid the shopkeeper = ` 15 ` Cost of a ball = ` 10 15 Difference in the amounts = ` 15 – ` 10 = ` 5 –10 So, the shopkeeper gave back ` 5. 5 7.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Read a few examples of addition and subtraction of money. Example 5: Vani has ` 500. How many of the given items can she buy? Write any four combinations. Bucket Bag of rice Fruit basket Toy robot Clock ` 100 ` 250 ` 150 ` 350 ` 200 Solution: The total cost of the items that Vani can buy must be less than or equal to ` 500. Money 79 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 83 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM

a) Combination 1 b) Combination 2 ` 100 ` 250 ` 150 ` 100 ` 350 c) Combination 3 d) Combination 4 ` 150 ` 350 ` 250 ` 200 Maths Munchies 213 Presently we have 2000, 500, 100, 50, 10 and 5 rupee notes. The new ` 2000 and ` 500 notes were introduced in November 2016. They look like the images given here. The old ` 500 notes and ` 1000 notes looked like the images given here. These notes are no longer used. 80 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 84

Connect the Dots EVS Fun Have you seen ATMs in your city or town? ATM stands for ‘Automated Teller Machine’. Every bank has its an ATM. Most ATMs work for 24 hours. We can go there at any time and get money! English Fun Think of at least three rhyming words for ‘money’. Drill Time Concept 7.1: Add and Subtract Money without Conversion 1) Add: b) ` 35.88 + ` 12.11 c) ` 46.37 + ` 10.10 a) ` 27.17 + ` 12.12 e) ` 11.11 + ` 22.22 d) ` 87.22 + ` 12.77 2) Subtract: b) ` 45.23 – ` 11.13 c) ` 76.43 – ` 15.20 a) ` 99.99 – ` 11.11 e) ` 65.65 – ` 35.35 d) ` 39.28 – ` 27.10 3) Word problems a) Abdul has ` 52 and Shama has ` 15.00. How much money do they have in all? b) S am bought chocolates for ` 41.00. Rehan bought some chocolates for ` 24. How much amount did they spend in all? Money 81 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 85 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM

A Note to Parent Take your child for grocery shopping on weekends. Ask them to count the coins and notes before paying the shopkeeper. Such practical experiences will strengthen your child’s concepts in understanding money. 82 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 86

Chapter Multiplication 8 I Will Learn About • repeated addition. • skip counting. • multiplication tables from 2 to 6. Concept 8.1: Concept of Repeated Addition I Think David has five pet cats. He wants to know the number of legs they have altogether. How can David find that? 8.1 I Recall We already know how to add some objects by counting. Let us recall the same through the following exercise. NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 87 83 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM

Count, add and write the number of objects. 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM a) Number of honey bees = _____________ b) Number of trees = ___________ c) Number of birds = ___________ d) Number of windows = ___________ 84 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 88

8.1 I Remember and Understand In repeated addition, we put the objects Repeated addition is adding the same number into equal groups to repeatedly (again and again). find their total. Let us see a few examples. Example 1: Use repeated addition to find the total number of houses. Solution: Number of groups = 4 The number of objects in each group = 2 Total number of objects = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 So, there are 8 houses in all. We read it as 4 groups of 2 is 8. Example 2: Count and add: Solution: Number of groups = 3 Number of equal number of objects in each group = 4 Total number of objects = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 We read it as 3 groups of 4 is 12. Multiplication 85 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 89 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM

Train My Brain Identify the number of groups. Write the number of items present in each group. a) b) c) 8.1 I Apply Let us now apply the concept of repeated addition. Example 3: Suresh has three pet dogs. How many legs do these dogs have altogether? Solution: Suresh has three pet dogs. So, the number of groups is 3. Each dog has 4 legs. So, the number of equal objects in each group is 4. 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 So, 3 groups of 4 is12. Therefore, the three dogs have 12 legs altogether. 86 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 90

Example 4: A star has 5 corners. How many corners will such 4 stars have? Number of stars (groups) = 4 Solution: Number of corners (objects) in each star = 5 That is, 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20. So, 4 groups of 5 is 20. So, 4 stars have 20 corners. 8.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us see an example based on repeated addition. Example 5: Sudha wanted to buy beads to make necklaces for her daughter and for herself. To make a necklace, she needs at least 25 beads. How many beads are needed to make necklaces for both of them? Solution: Number of necklaces (groups) = 2 Number of beads (objects) = 25 That is, 25 + 25 = 50. So, 2 groups of 25 = 50. So, the total number of beads required to make two necklaces is 50. Concept 8.2: Skip Counting I Think While playing hopscotch, David knows to jump by skipping some of the boxes. Similarly, he can count numbers by skipping some of them. How could he do that? Multiplication 87 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 91 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM

8.2 I Recall [] Recall the concept of repeated addition through these examples. Write the values of the following. a) 5 groups of 2 b) 3 groups of 9 [ ] c) 2 groups of 8 [] d) 6 groups of 1 [] Skip Counting is counting by a 8.2 I Remember and Understand number that is not 1. Skip Counting helps you • to count many things quickly. • to learn multiplication tables. 88 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 92

Count by 2s In counting by 2s, we begin with the given number and count every alternate number. Example 6: Help the frog to find its way to the snail. You can do so using skip counting by 2. Write the numbers on which it jumps. One is done for you. a) b) c) Count by 3s In counting by 3s, we count every third number from the given number. Example 7: Begin with the given number and count by 3s. Write the numbers in the boxes given. One is done for you. a) Multiplication 89 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 93 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM

b) c) We now know the concepts of repeated addition and skip counting. Let us now learn to construct the multiplication tables of numbers from 2 to 6. Observe the following figure. It is a group of 2 stars. So, we see that 1 group of 2 is 2. We write it as ‘2 × 1 = 2’ which means ‘2 times 1 is 2’. The symbol ‘×’ is used for multiplication. It is read as ‘times’. We read it as ‘2 ones are 2’. There are 2 groups with 2 stars in each. We write it as 2 + 2 = 4 and read it as 2 groups of 2 is 4. We can also write it as ‘2 × 2 = 4’ which means ‘2 times 2 is 4’. We read it as ‘2 twos are 4’. These are 3 groups with 2 stars in each. We write it as 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 and read it as 3 groups of 2 is 6. 90 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 94

This can be written as ‘2 × 3 = 6’ which means ‘2 times 3 is 6’. We read it as ‘2 threes are 6’. In this way, we can form the multiplication table of 2. Forming the multiplication table of 2 2×1=2 2 2 times 1 is 2. 2×2=4 2 + 2 2 times 2 is 4. 2×3=6 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 3 is 6. 2×4=8 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 4 is 8. 2 × 5 = 10 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 5 is 10. 2 × 6 = 12 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 6 is 12. Multiplication 91 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 95 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM

2 × 7 = 14 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 7 is 14. 2 × 8 = 16 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 8 is 16. 2 × 9 = 18 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 9 is 18. 2 × 10 = 20 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 10 is 20. The following are the multiplication tables of 3, 4, 5 and 6. Read them aloud. 3 4 5 6 3×1=3 4×1=4 5×1=5 6×1=6 3×2=6 4×2=8 5 × 2 = 10 6 × 2 = 12 3×3=9 4 × 3 = 12 5 × 3 = 15 6 × 3 = 18 3 × 4 = 12 4 × 4 = 16 5 × 4 = 20 6 × 4 = 24 3 × 5 = 15 4 × 5 = 20 5 × 5 = 25 6 × 5 = 30 3 × 6 = 18 4 × 6 = 24 5 × 6 = 30 6 × 6 = 36 3 × 7 = 21 4 × 7 = 28 5 × 7 = 35 6 × 7 = 42 3 × 8 = 24 4 × 8 = 32 5 × 8 = 40 6 × 8 = 48 3 × 9 = 27 4 × 9 = 36 5 × 9 = 45 6 × 9 = 54 3 × 10 = 30 4 × 10 = 40 5 × 10 = 50 6 × 10 = 60 92 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 96

Train My Brain Count and write the numbers in each of the following: a) Start from 20 and count by 4’s. b) Start from 35 and count by 5’s. 8.2 I Apply Let us solve some examples using the concept of skip counting. Example 8: Show the path the rabbit takes to reach the carrot by crossing the boxes using skip counting by 3. START 1 20 21 40 41 2 19 22 39 42 3 18 23 38 43 4 17 24 37 44 5 16 25 36 45 6 15 26 35 46 7 14 27 34 47 8 13 28 33 48 9 12 29 32 49 10 11 30 31 50 END Multiplication 93 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 97 12/22/2017 11:00:29 AM

Solution: START 1 20 21 40 41 2 19 22 39 42 3 18 23 38 43 END 4 17 24 37 44 5 16 25 36 45 6 15 26 35 46 7 14 27 34 47 8 13 28 33 48 9 12 29 32 49 10 11 30 31 50 Example 9: Radha counts the balloons using skip counting by 8. Write the numbers in the boxes. How many balloons are there altogether? Solution: 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 There are 56 balloons altogether. 94 12/22/2017 11:00:30 AM NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 98

8.2 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us see another example of skip counting. Example 10: Complete the wheel of skip counting by 3 and 5. Solution: We can skip count by 3 and 5. Maths Munchies 213 a) The product when any number is multiplied by zero is always zero. b) The product when any number is multiplied by one is always the number itself. Connect the Dots English Fun Read and make interesting poems as given here. One and two climb a tree. They find the number three. Three and eight got on the floor. Three times eight is twenty-four. Multiplication 95 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 99 12/22/2017 11:00:30 AM

EVS Fun 12/22/2017 11:00:30 AM Each tree has one big trunk that leads to different branches. These branches multiply to form many other branches. Thus, you can see a big tree growing with many branches. Drill Time Concept 8.1: Concept of Repeated Addition 1) Count and add: a) b) c) 96 NR_BGM_9789387552661-Passport-G2-Textbook-Maths-FY_text.pdf 100