9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3

Lesson Wildfire 11 Let Us Learn About R natural disasters – wildfires. u the causes of wildfires. a the effects of wildfires. h avoiding human-made wildfires. Think Samarth was sharing his forest visit story with his friends. Then one of his friends said that on the previous day, he had seen a forest fire on TV. He also said that a lot of people died, when the fire spread to the houses of the people who lived nearby. Sherin, another friend of Samarth, said that she had seen some places getting flooded with water. Samarth wondered how forests caught fire or land got covered with water. Do you know how these disasters happen? Remembering Nature can become harmful at times. Sometimes the ground shakes or heavy rains flood the lands. Some other times, strong winds blow off everything in their way. In some places, a hot boiling liquid flows out of the Earth (lava) burning everything. Fire may break out in forest areas. All these can kill humans, animals and plants and can destroy houses, roads and so on. They are disasters caused by nature. 5 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 101 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

Let us learn about one of the natural disasters – wildfires. We will learn about some other natural disasters in the upcoming lessons. Wildfires are the fires which break out in the forests, grasslands and so on. In India, wildfires are very frequent. Around 20,000 wildfires wildfire occur in India every year. In the state of Uttarakhand, around 1600 wildfires broke out in 2016. Wildfires are common across the world. Understanding Now you know what a wildfire is. Do you know how it is caused? Fuel, oxygen and heat source are the three things that need to be present for a wildfire to happen. Firefighters call it a fire triangle. The dry leaves, branches and grass become the fuel. The heat of the Sun or lightning becomes the heat source. Oxygen is present in the air. Due to the extreme heat of the Sun or lightning, dry patches of grass or fire triangle leaves may catch fire. The fire may then slowly spread to nearby areas. Sparks can also be caused when dry branches rub against each other due to the wind. Sometimes wildfires are also caused by careless activities of humans. For example, people throw burning things like cigarette sticks near the roadsides or they may not put off their camp fires before they leave. In some places, when people burn their fields, the fire may spread to nearby forest areas. campfire burning straws in the fire may spread from a fields burning cigarette stick Application If a forest catches fire, along with all the forest products, wildlife will also be destroyed. 6 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 102 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

Also, the people who live in the forest will become homeless, and they will have nothing to eat. This is a great loss. The smoke that comes out of the fire will cause air pollution. This results in breathing problems for the people who live nearby. But the fires are not always bad. The fires that break out in nature have some good effects too. In the forest areas with less rainfall, the leaves shed from the trees pile up on the ground. They do not decay as there is little moisture. Forest fires help to burn the thick layers of dried leaves and branches. When they burn, they form ash. Ash is rich in nutrients. This mixes with the soil and makes it more suitable for plant growth. So during the next rain, new plants can grow better. Uncontrolled wildfires can spread and cause a lot of damage. So, we control wildfires in many ways. We use water to control small fires. But in some places, this may not be possible. Then, helicopters are used to spray carbon dioxide, which can put out the fire. When a wildfire breaks out in a forest controlling wildfire or grassland close to where we live, we have to vacate our houses. We have to move to safer places till the fire settles down. Amazing Facts Wildfires occur on every continent except Antarctica as there are no forests in Antarctica! Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) About nine out of ten wildfires break out due to human activities. Frequent and widespread wildfires are harmful to all living things. How can we ensure that our activities are not causing any wildfire? 1) No burning material should be thrown away. We should put out the fire. 2) After lighting campfire, we should put it out completely before we leave the place. 3) While burning waste materials in fields, we should make sure that the fire does not spread to nearby areas. Wildfire 7 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 103 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

Lesson Cyclones and Floods 12 Let Us Learn About R cyclones. u how cyclones may cause floods. a support given to cyclone-affected people. H preparing in advance for cyclones. Think Saif was watching TV when his father said that he needed to watch the news channel, as a cyclone alert was given by a government agency. On the news channel, they were talking about strong winds and heavy rains and showing something on a map. Saif wondered what a cyclone was. Why did the government give cyclone alerts? Remembering Let us do an activity. Take a glass of water. Add a few small sized seeds to it. Now using a spoon, stir the water. Increase the speed of stirring. What do you see in the water? In the centre, there is a depression. Around it, the water spins fast. What happens to the seeds? They are in the centre. Are they going round and round? No. They are not making any fast movements. 8 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 104 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

A cyclone may look like this. It has a calm centre called the eye. Around the eye, winds blow at a high speed. Cyclones are formed over the ocean. They move towards the land. They bring heavy rains along with them. Understanding When cyclones hit land areas, the powerful winds destroy everything in their way. They may uproot or break the trees, blow away the roofs of buildings, displace and damage vehicles and electrical posts and so on. Cyclones push the sea water into the land. They also bring heavy rains with them. Strong rains last for hours or even days. All these lead to floods. A flood a tree uprooted by a cyclone view of a flooded area in is a sudden rise in the water in Andhra Pradesh Odisha after a cyclone level making land areas submerge in water. Application Cyclones affect the lives of all the people living in cyclone-hit areas. Flood water may cover and wash away farms, roads, buildings and so on. It makes all the sources of water unfit for drinking or bathing. Floods may damage crops in the fields as well as stored food grains. Houses and vehicles may be damaged due to the flood waters. People may become homeless. During such disasters people need support. They need food, clean drinking water, clothes, a safe place to stay and so on. So, the government arranges temporary shelters rescue camps or shelters for the affected people. At the rescue camps, these cyclone-affected people are provided with food, water and clothes. Flood water may take days to drain off. By that time, disease-causing mosquitoes, flies and other insects may increase in number. This may lead to the spread of many diseases. Hence, medical camps are also set up to give medical support to people. Cyclones and Floods 9 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 105 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

Amazing Facts Do you know that cyclones are given names? Some of the recent cyclones which hit India were named as Vardah, Hudhud, Nilam, Laila and so on. They are not named after any people. Naming helps the people to understand and remember the cyclones easily. All the messages related to a cyclone can be sent and received mentioning these names. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) It is not possible to control cyclones. But the damage to life and property can be reduced by preparing for it in advance. For this, we must know about an approaching cyclone in advance. These days, with the help of satellites, the government gives cyclone alerts 48 hours in advance. Then, cyclone warnings are given 24 hours in advance. Thus, the people can prepare in advance. When a cyclone alert or warning is satellites help to predict cyclones given, we should listen to the radio and television to get updates about the situation. 10 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 106

Lesson Earthquakes and Tsunami 13 Let Us Learn About R earthquakes. u causes of earthquakes and how a tsunami occurs. a harmful effects of earthquakes and tsunami and responses to them. h precautions to earthquakes and tsunami. Think Pavan was holidaying with his family at a seaside resort. One day, early morning, suddenly the ground started to shake. His father asked them to get out of the room and rush towards the lawn. Pavan could not understand what was happening. Do you know what happened? Remembering seismograph Sometimes the ground shakes. It may move up and down 11 and may crack open. This is an earthquake. An earthquake is a shaking of the Earth’s surface. It is a natural disaster. 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM Earthquakes do not last for more than 30 seconds at a time. But, they may repeat. The strength of the quakes is different. Some of them are weak, while others are strong. A device called the seismograph is used to measure the strength of the quake. NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 107

Every year, a large number of earthquakes occur in different places in the world. In some places of the world, the earthquakes happen often. Most earthquakes happen along the edges of the Pacific Ocean. So, this area is called the Pacific ring of fire. the Pacific ring of fire Understanding Why do earthquakes happen? Let us find out. Let us do an activity. Take a few cardboard pieces. Arrange them on a table close to one another. Place a few pencils, pens, erasers, sharpeners and so on over it. Now, pull two adjacent cardboard pieces slightly apart. What happens to the things you kept over it? They shake and tumble. Now, push two cardboards against each other. What happens? broken upper layers Their edges may bend, or one of them may slide over the other. All of the Earth the things over it shake and get displaced. Earthquakes happen in a similar way. The Earth has layers. The upper layers are thin and broken into pieces. They float over the inner part. While floating, these pieces may collide or move apart. This causes earthquakes to occur. Let us do another activity. Take a thin plastic tray. Fill it with water. Lift it holding the edges. Now, ask another person to give a light bang on the lower part of the tray. Observe what happens to the water. Bang a little harder. Observe the changes in the water. What do you find? A bang on the tray creates ripples in the water. They start from the water ripples point where we bang and move towards the edges. Now, imagine the same situation happening in an ocean. An earthquake bangs the ocean floor. Then, waves will be formed in the ocean. They travel towards the shores. Sea shores are shallow. So, the waves do not have enough space in the water to move up and down. So, they rise like huge walls of water and lash over the coast. These huge waves are called a tsunami. Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning ‘harbour wave’. tsunami moving towards the shore 12 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 108

Application Small earthquakes can topple a few buildings and crack roads. But, big earthquakes can destroy entire cities. Every year, around 10,000 people die due to earthquakes. Deaths happen when people are trapped under fallen buildings. tsunami waves wash off buildings and vehicles The tsunami formed after an earthquake can destroy entire coastal areas. The waves may travel long distances into the land. On their way, they will sweep away buildings, vehicles, roads, trees and so on. Tsunami leads to the death of many people. In 2004, an earthquake happened in the Indian Ocean. The tsunami waves formed due to this earthquake killed 2,27,898 people. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in the world. When an earthquake and tsunami occur, government and some other agencies help the affected people. They begin the search to find people who may be trapped under toppled buildings. They set up relief camps for rescued people to stay safely. Also, they arrange for food, drinking water and clothes for these people. Doctors are there at the camps to treat injured people. After rescuing people and ensuring they are safe, the government begins the rebuilding process. Schools, roads, hospitals, houses and so on are rebuilt, if damaged, for people to go back to a normal life. Amazing Facts In 2009, an earthquake happened near the Samoan islands in the Pacific Ocean. The wave formed was just 7.6 centimetres high. But, when they reached the New Zealand coast, the height of the waves was 14 metres! Earthquakes and Tsunami 13 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 109 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) We cannot stop or control earthquakes and tsunami. But, we can prepare for them. 1) We can build houses that can withstand earthquakes. Tall buildings fall easily. One or two level houses are safer. We can make houses using light materials. Even if they tumble, they will not cause much harm to the people. 2) We should not build houses near the seashore. They should be at a safe distance from the shore. 3) During an earthquake, if we are in a building, it is important to get out of it quickly. The building may collapse, or heavy objects may fall on us. 4) We should avoid using the lifts and other electrical equipment at such times. 5) It is important to leave everything and vacate the building as quickly as possible. 6) When we get a tsunami alert, we should move out of coastal areas. 14 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 110

Lesson Simple Machines 14 Let Us Learn About r what simple machines are. u types of simple machines. a uses of simple machines. H the simple machines in the human body. Think Have you ever played on a see-saw with your friend? How can it lift you up and bring you down? Remembering Have you seen people loading or unloading heavy loads from a truck? How do they do it? They use a sloping surface for this purpose, so that they can roll the load on it. Have you seen your dad or a carpenter putting a nail in the wall? What do they use? Why do they need a hammer? using a slope to unload using a hammer to put in a nail 15 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 111 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

Have you seen people drawing water from a well? They use a wheel and rope to pull it out easily. What do the carpenters use to put the wooden planks together while making drawing water from a well joining wooden furniture? using a wheel and rope planks together We see many examples in our day-to-day life where we use some simple devices that make our work easy. These are simple machines. Simple machines are the devices that make the work easier. These machines have few or no moving parts. They are used to apply force to move objects. We need less effort to move the objects because of them. They can do the work with less force. Following are the six simple machines: simple machines inclined plane, wedge, pulley, screw, lever, wheel and axle Understanding Let us now understand how these simple machines work and make things easier. 1) Inclined plane: slope 2) Wedge: inclined plane A sloping or A wedge is a simple machine. It is used to slanting surface separate any two objects by pushing them makes an away from each other. inclined plane. The slant of the A wedge is also like an inclined plane. It inclined plane has a slanting edge which is sharp. It can can move an be used to lift things. Most of the times, it object from one helps us in cutting something. Example: an level to another. axe is used to cut wood 3) Screw: wedge cutting wood using a wedge A screw is a type of inclined plane. In (axe) a screw, an inclined plane is twisted (swirled) around a rod such as a road screw twisted roads around the hill. Screws are useful for putting things together tightly. Example: A screw is used to connect two wooden or metal blocks together. 16 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 112

4) Pulley: 5) Wheel and axle: axle wheel A pulley is a pulley Wheel and axle wheel and axle wheel with a make work easier by rope around it. crane using reducing friction. A Pulleys make lifting the pulley wheel helps things objects easier. For to move. The axle example, cranes helps the wheel turn. bicycle wheel use pulleys to lift Example: wheels of with axle heavy vehicles and a bicycle and other building materials. vehicles 6) Lever: fulcrum Lever is a bar, rod or a lever kids playing on a see-saw platform that can move about a fixed point. The fixed point is called a fulcrum. Fulcrum is a point where the lever touches the support. A lever makes it easier to move a large load with little effort. Example: see-saw Application Simple machines are useful in many ways. We see them being used every day. Let us look at some examples in our day-to-day life. Inclined plane: The staircase we use to climb and the ramp used to carry loads are inclined planes. Wedge: Axe, knife and needle are a few examples of a wedge. Inclined planes Wedges staircase ramp knife axe Screw: We use so many screws in wooden furniture. The bottle caps are also a type of screw. Pulley: The rope and wheel used to draw water from a well and a crane used to lift heavy objects are a few examples of a pulley. Simple Machines 17 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 113 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

Screws Pulleys bottle cap screws used pulley used pulley used in crane in furniture to draw water Wheel and axle: Door knobs and steering wheels of the cars are a few examples of wheel and axle. Lever: We use scissors to cut so many things in our house. How do you open a cold drink bottle? When we use a bottle opener, it takes less effort to open. The stapler we use to staple papers is a lever. Wheel and axle Levers door knob steering wheel scissors bottle opener stapler Amazing Facts Bicycle is a complex machine that uses simple machines like two wheels and an axle. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) bones and muscles act like levers Do you know our body parts also work as simple machines? Let us find out how. 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM •  Our teeth help us to cut with the edge; they act like a wedge. • Our knee and shoulder joints act like wheel and axle. • Our bones and muscles act like levers. The joints where the bones meet becomes the fulcrum. Muscles provide with the effort. A load is anything that we lift, push or pull. Mark the effort, fulcrum and load in the given picture. 18 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 114

Inside the Lab – C Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity C1: Simple Machine We have learnt that simple machines help us to do different types of work easily. Let us make a simple machine using some pencils. Let us also find out how they make the work easy. You will need: one brick per group, 10 pencils per group You need to: 1) divide the class into groups of four. 2) ask a student from each group to push a brick across the floor or a stone slab. Is it an easy task? 3) ask each group to take 10 pencils. How could you move the brick more easily using the pencils? Take group members’ suggestions. 4) put the pencils under the brick and roll it across the pencils. Was it easier this time? 5) move other things such as books in the same manner. See if there is a difference. Find out how people in the olden times may have used this simple machine to move big objects. Activity C2: Catapult A catapult is a simple machine used to throw stones or any object. Let us make a simple catapult using some easily available materials. Let us also find out how they help us to throw stones easily. You will need: nine craft sticks or ice cream sticks, six good quality rubber bands, one plastic spoon NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 115 19 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

You need to: 1) take seven craft sticks, and tie one rubber band each tightly around two ends to bound them all together. 2) take two sticks, and tie a rubber band on one of the ends. Try to tie the rubber band close to the edge of the sticks. 3) insert the stack of seven sticks through the two stick bundle. 4) tie these two pieces with a rubber band in a cross fashion as shown in the given image. 5) use few rubber bands, and attach the plastic spoon at the open end of the two sticks. 6) try catapulting pebbles or other small objects. 20 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 116

EVS−II (Social Studies) Contents Class 5 8 India’s Democratic Government��������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 9 Local Administration����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 1 0 People with Physical Disabilities�������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 117 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

Lesson India’s Democratic 8 Government Let Us Learn About R the meaning of democracy and the features of democracy in India. U how elections work in India; levels of government. A sections of the central government. h s imilarities and differences between democracy and monarchy. Think Mr and Mrs Jain are taking Rashi out.  A polling station She wants to know where they are going. Rashi: Ma, where are you going? Mrs Jain: The elections are being held today. We are going to the polling station. Rashi: Which train will you take from the polling station? Mrs Jain: No, Rashi! A polling station is not a place from where we can get trains. QQ. What do you think Rashi’s parents will do at the polling station? (A)  pick up a relative (B)  take part in the elections (C) see a railway museum (D) book a train ticket 1 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 118

Remembering In the olden days, India was ruled by different kings and queens. Do you remember some of them? Many European trading companies came to India. Can you name some of them? You have also studied that India fought against the British rule and became free on 15 August 1947. After India became free, our leaders decided that people should be allowed to elect their government. In other words, India’s leaders chose democracy. What is a democracy? A democracy is a system of government run by the representatives chosen by the people of a country. In a democracy, the people are the most powerful group. They can choose their leaders. Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. This is different from the rule of kings and queens where they have all the power. Let us now look at some of the features of a democracy. FEATURES OF A DEMOCRACY People elect the leaders they want by voting. People who are 18 years and above can vote. Features of a democracy Understanding We have read that one of the main features of a democracy is that people get to choose their representatives. In India, we choose our representatives through elections. India’s Democratic Government 2 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 119 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

WHAT IS AN ELECTION? An election is a method of choosing a representative by voting. They are held regularly after a fixed number of years. In India, they are held every five years. Process of Election Before the elections On election day After the elections • Political parties share • P eople go to polling • T he votes are their ideas and plans stations and vote. counted. for the citizens. • T hey are not required • T he candidate with • T hey tell people to tell anyone whom the most votes wins. about the candidates they voted for. standing for elections • The political party with from their parties. the highest number of winning candidates usually forms the government. The political party that forms the government is called the ruling party. The leader of the ruling party becomes the head of the government. They choose members of their party to form a cabinet. These members are responsible for different departments. For example, one member manages the agriculture department, while another manages the education department. Elections for different levels of government Do you know that there are three levels of government in India? They are the local, the state and the central governments. We have elections to elect representatives at all three levels. Name of the election Level of the government Local election Local government State election State government Central government National election The working of the Government The central, state and local governments have separate responsibilities. However, the central, state and local governments work together for the welfare of the people. For example, the local government installs street lights. The state government distributes electricity to all the cities and villages. The central government gives permission for electrical projects and decides on the electricity prices to be charged. Let us learn more about these levels. Level 1: The Local Government The local government looks after the needs of people at the village, town or city level. It has 3 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 120 1/7/2019 3:24:21 PM

two levels – rural and urban local governments. Rural local government Urban local government The rural local government is responsible for the The urban local government looks after the welfare of people living in villages. needs of people living in cities and towns. Level 2: The State Government The state government takes care of many things such as education, roads and so on for a state. The state government is made up of a state legislature, a Chief Minister, a Governor and other ministers. Level 3: The Central Government The central government governs the entire country. It deals with the defence of India, relations with other countries, railways and shipping and so on. It is made up of the President, the Prime Minister and a cabinet of ministers. Application You have understood the three different levels of the government. Now let us look at what makes up the central government. THREE SECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT • The Parliament makes rules or laws for the entire country. • The Executive puts into action the rules and laws The Parliament made by the Parliament. • The Judiciary upholds the laws and protects the rights of the people. Let us learn more about the Parliament. The Parliament consists of three parts. They are the President of India, Lok Sabha the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha consists of members elected by the people during general elections. It is also called the House of the People. The Prime Minister is an important member of the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha consists of members indirectly elected by different Rajya Sabha states and union territories. It is also called the Council of States. The Vice President of India is an important member of the Rajya Sabha. India’s Democratic Government 4 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 121 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM

The President is the formal head of India. They are elected by the members of the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha and the state legislatures. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) 1) Discuss with your classmates about how things would be if you lived under the rule of a king (monarchy) instead of a democracy. Hint: You can discuss the absence of elections and the lack of freedom to express your thoughts and opinions. Amazing Facts India is the largest democracy in the world. Among all the democracies in the world, India has the highest population. New Words 1) election – a process through which people can choose the people to act or speak for them 2) polling station 3) representative – a place where people can go to vote in the elections – someone who has been chosen to act or speak for a 4) vote 5) opinion person or a group of people 6) political party – show your choice of a person through an election – a point of view about something or someone 7) candidate – a group of people who have similar aims, ideas and 8) legislature 9) govern thoughts and who want to be a part of the government 10) uphold – someone who wants to be chosen or elected – a body that makes laws and rules for a sate – manage a country and its people – maintain 5 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 122

Lesson Local Administration 9 Let Us Learn About R local-self government. U features of local rural and urban self-governing bodies. A functions of self-governing bodies. h role of a citizen in local self-government. Think Meher called Rashi over the phone one late evening. Meher: My grandfather fell down on the street near our house. He hurt himself. Luckily it is a small injury. Rashi: How is he now? Meher: He has a few cuts and has sprained his ankle. Rashi: Thank God. How did it happen? Meher: The street lights in our lane are not working. It is dark at night. He stepped into a pothole and fell. Father is very upset. He went to complain to the Municipal Corporation. Rashi: What is the Municipal Corporation? Meher: Father says it is an office where our local representatives take care of the public facilities. QQ. Where did Rashi's father go to complain? (A)  the doctor (B)  the school (C) the office (D) the Municipal Corporation NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 123 6 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM

Remembering India is a large country. To make governing easier, the Indian administration is divided into three levels — the central, state and local administration. The central government is located in New Delhi. The state governments are located in the capital city of each state. Each state is divided into smaller divisions for better administration. The local government, also known as the local self-government, looks after the smaller areas such as the cities, towns and villages. Local self-government The people living in a locality understand their problems very well. So they can help to solve these problems. In order to do so, people choose representatives from the locality to be a part of the local government. To help the people, rural local government and urban local government have been created. Their work is as follows. • to set up self-governance in villages and cities • to support women, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes • to start off programmes that will help to develop the locality Thus, in a rural local government there are Gram Panchayats at the village level; Taluk Panchayats at the taluk or tehsil level and Zilla Panchayat at the district level. Understanding Both the rural and the urban self-government work together so that all areas of a state are taken care of properly. Let us understand the different types of local self-governments and how they are formed. Gram Panchayat 7 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 124

Rural local self-government Gram Panchayat Election Term of Office They are elected to office for a period of Members from each village are directly five years. elected. There is reservation of seats for women, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Head(s) Tribes and Other Backward Classes. The elected members elect the 'Sarpanch' or the Head of the Members Panchayat. One member is elected for every four hundred people residing in the limits. Taluk Panchayat Election Term of Office Members are elected directly They are elected to office for a period of by the people living in the rural parts of five years. the taluk. There is reservation of seats for women, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. Members Head(s) Around 15 to 19 members, depending The elected members elect President upon the population of the taluk are and the Vice President of the Taluk directly elected. The Legislative Assembly Panchayat as their leaders from amongst and Legislative Council members themselves. belonging to the taluk are also members. Local Administration 8 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 125 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM

Zilla Panchayat Election Term of Office They are appointed to office for a period The Zilla Panchayat consists of elected of five years. members from every taluk of the district. There is reservation of seats for women, Head(s) Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and The elected members elect the Other Backward Classes. President of the Zilla Panchayat and the Vice President as their leaders from Members amongst themselves. One member is elected for every forty thousand people for most districts. Members of the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assembly and State Legislative Council belonging to the district are also members. All Presidents of the Taluk Panchayats are also its members. Urban local self-government Municipality Election Term of Office They are elected to office for a period of Members are directly elected five years. by the people of the town. There is reservation of seats for women, Head(s) Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Members elect one among them as the Other Backward Classes. President and another person as the Vice President. The municipality will be Members administered by a chief officer called the Commissioner. A town is divided into wards. Members are elected from each ward. The members are called Councillors. 9 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 126

Municipal Corporation Election Term of Office They are elected to office for a period of Members are elected directly by people five years. in cities with a population of more than one million. There is reservation of Head(s) seats for women, Scheduled Castes, Corporators or Councillors elect one Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward among them as the Mayor and a Classes. Deputy Mayor. Members Elected representatives from the wards, respective members of the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council are also the members. Members are called Corporators or Councillors. Application We shall now look into the functions performed by each of these local self-governments. We shall also look at their sources of income. Gram and Taluk Panchayats Function: The main function of a panchayat is to take up projects to help develop the village area. We also have something known as the Gram Sabha which forms the lowest level of the panchayati system. The members of the Gram Sabha meet at least two times in a year and all of them are aged above 18 years. Sources of Income: Grants received from the central or state governments and Zilla Panchayats along with the taxes and rent from the people of the locality. Also, the Gram Sabha identifies people who would benefit from its welfare schemes. Zilla Panchayat Function: They prepare an annual plan for the development of the Zilla Panchayat area. They provide relief to victims of natural calamities. They monitor the developmental programmes and government schools in the district. Local Administration 10 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 127 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM

Sources of Income: It comprises grants from the central or state governments, loans raised and income from the taxes, rent and fees collected. MUNICIPALITIES AND MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS Function: Municipalities and municipal corporations look after the developmental works and public facilities of towns and cities. Developmental works such as healthcare, street lights, sanitation, sewage, water supply, road-building and so on are undertaken. For city planning and development, there is a separate body called the Development Authority. Sources of Income: Government grants and property tax are the major sources. Water cess, health cess, education cess, fire cess and rents are other sources. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) 1) What role does the citizen play in their local self-government? Find out information about this from the newspaper, library or the internet. Amazing Facts India has nearly 1.5 million elected women representatives at the local level — in terms of numbers, this is the highest globally! New Words 1) public facility – cheap or free things or places provided by the government for people to use 2) tehsil – an area of land having some towns and villages and 3) district governed by a city or state 4) reservation – smaller units into which a state is divided to help in 5) term administration and includes one or two cities, a few 6) grant smaller towns and dozens of villages 7) cess – keeping certain seats for some special groups – a set period of time during which something happens – money given by government for a specific purpose – a tax for a specific purpose 11 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 128

Lesson People with Physical 10 Disabilities Let Us Learn About R physical disability. U the challenges of people with physical disabilities. A how to be respectful to people with physical disabilities. h achievers with physical disabilities. Think Rashi was watching a live speech, named ‘On Top of the World’, on television with her mother. Rashi: Ma, what is the name of the lady? What did she do? Rashi’s mother: She is Arunima Sinha. She climbed Mount Everest. Rashi: OK. But we learned that Tenzing Norgay also Arunima Sinha climbed Mount Everest many years ago. Is there another reason for her to be so famous? Rashi’s mother: Arunima Sinha is famous because she is the first female amputee to climb Mount Everest. Q. Who is the first female amputee to climb Mount Everest? (A) Rashi (B) Tenzing Norgay (C) Arunima Sinha (D) Rashi’s mother NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 129 12 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM

Remembering What is a disability? Have you noticed that sometimes some people have some problems walking, speaking or seeing? These are types of physical disabilities. A physical disability is a condition that limits a person’s movements, senses or activities. For example, a physical disability may limit the way a part of the body grows, moves or does what it is supposed to do. It may interfere with a person’s ability to walk, hear, talk, see, think or learn. It does not affect each person in the same way. In addition, some people might have multiple disabilities. Different people, Different needs We often see people with disabilities around us. Perhaps, you have also helped them sometimes. You may have helped a person without sight to cross the road. You may have pushed a wheelchair for a person. They are normal people like all of us. People with disabilities can do many of the things you do, but it might take them a little longer. They may need assistance or supporting equipment to help them. • A person who has limited vision may use a red and white stick. While walking, this stick is used to lightly tap the surrounding areas to check if the path is clear. • A person who cannot hear properly may use hearing aids. • A person who cannot walk may use a wheelchair. • Some specially designed computers can also help people with A person without vision special needs. using a stick differently abled people We should understand that differences are normal and people have many similarities too. By focusing on what people have in common, we can bond with each other over common interests. No matter how different people with disabilities may appear, they like to laugh and have fun. People with disabilities also have different strengths. For example, a boy who uses a wheelchair may be fluent in English and paint very well. A girl without sight may be a great singer. We should respect them for these qualities instead of avoiding them for their disabilities. Thus, those with physical disabilities may also be called differently abled people. Let us look at some differently abled people who are famous. 13 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 130

Some Differently Abled People Srikanth Bolla is CEO and Stephen Hawking was one of the Shekhar Naik is a blind cricketer founder of Bollant Industries. greatest scientists of this century. from Karnataka who helped He is the first international blind Due to his paralysis he could not student at the Massachusetts India win the World Cup in 2014. move or talk well. He is a former captain of the Institute of Technology. national blind cricket team. Understanding People with physical disabilities are like any other people.  They can be famous and successful. However, their limitations, sometimes, put some challenges in front of them. Let us understand these challenges and find out how we can support them. Physical Challenges Challenge of boarding a train Some people without disabilities often do not consider people with disabilities to be ‘normal’. It could be because people with physical disabilities find it hard to perform some everyday actions such as walking, seeing, hearing or talking. People who face difficulty walking cannot enter all places easily. For example, buildings without wheelchair ramps make it difficult for them to move around. Challenges for people without sight would be signs outside of Challenge of crossing a road doors that often do not have the Braille script underneath the writing. So, that would make it difficult for them to find the place that they need to reach in a building. They also take time to adjust to their surroundings and become familiar with all the places they go to. If they go to a new place, there would be a great chance for them to collide with something. Wheelchair ramp People with Physical Disabilities 14 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 131 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM

A challenge for a person who cannot speak would be to get a job since most jobs require talking. Also, if they go somewhere alone, there might not be anyone who knows sign language. So, that would make it difficult for them to say what they want. Emotional Challenges What people often forget is that when a person cannot move Children using sign language or speak in a certain way, it does not make them less human. They have the same emotions as anyone else. They cry if they are hurt, and they laugh when they are happy. Sometimes, people with physical disabilities are not respected. They are ill-treated or not given the necessary support. At other times, people comment on them, make fun of them and call them names. It could be either at home, at school, at work or in public. This might become an emotional challenge for them. Instead of seeing the similarities, people often pay attention to the limitations. People often forget that all of us are equal. We should not hurt the emotions of others. Application respecting the differently abled As you read earlier, people with physical disabilities might face different challenges just like anyone else. Just as no human is like another, no people with disability are the same. When speaking or being friends with a person with a physical disability, you can do the following. • Smile; be yourself. Focus on what a person can do. • T alk to a person with disability about how you can include the person in activities or what the person is comfortable with. • R emember that all human beings like to be respected. Offer assistance if asked or if the need is obvious. Move wheelchairs with permission from the owners. • Be patient. Speak slowly and directly when talking to a person who has little hearing. • B e considerate of people’s feelings when talking to others. Would you want what you are about to say being said about you? • Remember that a person with a disability is not ‘a disabled woman’ or ‘a handicapped man’. Refer to them by their name and not by these words. 15 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 132

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Achievers with physical disabilities Once we learn to appreciate that people with disabilities can be achievers, we begin to respect them. Let us read about two such people who did not allow the disabilities to limit them. Then discuss the following questions with your class. Rajinder Singh Rahelu was only eight months old, when he was Rajinder Singh Rahelu affected by polio. Since then, he has not been able to walk. He was motivated by his friend to start weightlifting. He started by lifting a weight of 70 kg. But constant training and motivation made him strong enough to lift a weight of 115 kg within six months. In 2006, he was awarded the Arjuna award by the President of India. He made history after winning a silver medal in powerlifting at the Commonwealth Games 2014. Sheela Sharma was only four when she lost both her arms in a Sheela Sharma train accident. Sheela’s interest in art was clear right from childhood when she would use her mouth and feet to write and paint. Today she is one of India’s most well-known foot and mouth artists. She has exhibited at many prestigious art galleries, including the Jehangir Art Gallery in Mumbai. 1) What can you learn from Sheela and Rajinder’s lives? 2) Imagine that Sheela or Rajinder comes to your class. Prepare a list of questions you could use to interview them. Amazing Facts There are more than 26 million people in India who have some or the other kind of disability. This is more than the population of Delhi! We should ensure society has more public facilities for people with physical disabilities. New Words 1) amputee – a person who has had a limb removed by operation 2) assistance – the action of helping someone by sharing work 3) vision – ability to see People with Physical Disabilities 16 NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 133 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM

NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 134 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM

NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 135 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM

NR_BGM_9789386663511 MAPLE G05 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 136 1/7/2019 3:24:22 PM