Page 48 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Long Answer Question 20) Name any two common muscle injuries. Explain how they are treated. Ans. _M__u_s_c_le__s_t_ra__in__a_n_d__c__ra__m_p__a__re__t_w__o_c__o_m__m__o_n__m__u_s_c_le__i_n_ju__ri_e_s_. ___________________________ _T_h_e__tr_e_a__tm__e_n__t _f_o_r_a__m__u_s_c_le__s_t_ra__in__in__c_lu_d__e_s_a__p_p__ly_in__g__a_n__ic_e__p__a_c_k__t_o_t_h_e__a__ff_e_c_t_e_d__a__re__a_._ _T_re_a__tm__e__n_t_f_o_r_a__c_r_a_m__p__i_n_v_o_l_v_e_s_m__a__ss_a__g_in__g_t_h_e__a__ff_e_c_t_e_d__a__re__a_.________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4
Teacher Reference: Textbook Lesson 2: Respiratory System I Think 1) Hold your finger under your nose. What do you feel on your fingers? Ans. We feel the movement of warm air. Page 49 Train My Brain 1) What do we call the process of taking in oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide? Ans. respiration 2) Name the dome-like muscle that helps in breathing. Ans. diaphragm 1) Place your hands on your chest as you breathe. What is the pace of your breathing? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: The normal breathing rate for a healthy child of your age at rest is 17–23 breaths per minute.) 2) Does blowing always make things cold? Think, what will happen if you blow on an ice cream? Will it become colder? Ans. Learner’s response (Hint: Blowing will not always make things cold. When we blow on ice cream, our breath is warmer than the ice cream. We will also be blowing away the layer of chilled air that's formed around the ice cream. It gets replaced with the air at room temperature which is likely to be warmer. Thus, the ice cream will melt when we blow on it.) TB: Respiratory System
Teacher Reference – Textbook 1) Whenever we go to the doctor, they keep a stethoscope on our chest. Then he/she asks us to take long breaths. Do you know why? Ans. Using the stethoscope, the doctors can hear our heartbeats. They get to know the breathing rate also. If either of these is not normal, it tells the doctor that we are unwell. Maths Fun Normal respiratory rate for a healthy adult is 12–20 breaths per minute. Then, how many breaths does a person take in 2 hours? Ans. 2 hours have 120 minutes. The normal respiratory rate for a healthy adult is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Page 50 The number of breaths a person takes in 2 hours varies between (12 × 120) to (20 × 120) = 1440 to 2400 breaths. TB: Respiratory System
Lesson Respiratory System 2 I Remember Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following is not a part of the respiratory system? [D] (A) nose (B) windpipe (C) lungs (D) intestine 2) What is/are protected by the rib cage? [B] (A) nose (B) lungs (C) windpipe (D) mouth Page 51 Fill in the Blanks 3) __________D__ia__p_h_r_a_g_m_____________ separates the lungs from the stomach and intestine. 4) We take in ____________o_x_y_g_e__n____________ from the air. Very Short Answer Questions 5) Name the organ system in the body that helps in respiration. Ans. r_e_s_p_i_ra__t_o_ry__s_y_s_te__m____________________________________________________________________ 6) Name any one organ that helps in respiration. Ans. n__o_s_e_,_l_u_n_g_s_,_w__in__d_p_i_p_e_,_d__ia__p_h_r_a_g__m__(_a_n_y__o_n_e__)_________________________________________ Short Answer Question 7) What is respiration? Ans. _R_e_s_p_i_ra__ti_o_n__is__th_e__p__ro__c_e_s_s_o__f _t_a_k_in__g_i_n__o_x_y_g_e__n_f_r_o_m__t_h_e__a_i_r_a_n__d__g_iv_i_n_g__o_u_t__c_a_r_b_o__n_______ _d_io__x_id_e__. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5
I Understand True or False 8) Breathing in and out happen due to the up and down movement of the lungs. [ False ] 9) While breathing out, oxygen is given out. [ False ] 10) When the diaphragm moves down, the elastic walls of the lungs expand. [ True ] 11) We exhale carbon dioxide from the lungs. [ True ] Short Answer Questions 12) State the role of the diaphragm in respiration. Ans. B__re_a__t_h_in_g__i_n_a__n_d__b_r_e_a__th__in_g__o_u__t _h_a_p__p_e_n__d__u_e__to__t_h_e__u_p__a_n__d__d_o_w__n__m__o_v_e_m__e__n_t_o_f__th_e_____ d__ia__p_h_r_a_g_m__._________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Page 52 13) What are the two steps of respiration? Ans. T_h__e_t_w__o__st_e_p__s_o_f__re_s_p__ir_a_t_io_n__a_r_e_:______________________________________________________ 1__) _b_r_e_a_t_h_i_n_g__in__(_in_h__a_le__)_o_x_y_g__e_n__in_t_o__t_h_e__lu_n__g_s_. ________________________________________ 2__) _b_r_e_a_t_h_i_n_g__o_u_t__(e__x_h_a_l_e_)_c__a_r_b_o_n__d_i_o_x_id__e__fr_o_m___th__e_l_u_n_g__s.______________________________ Long Answer Question 14) What happens during respiration? Ans. D__u_r_in_g__r_e_s_p_i_ra__ti_o_n_,_w__e__in__h_a_l_e_o__x_y_g_e_n__i_n_to__t_h_e__l_u_n_g_s__a_n_d__e_x_h__a_le__c__a_r_b_o_n__d_i_o_x_id__e__fr_o_m_____ t_h_e__l_u_n_g_s_._T_h_e__d__ia_p__h_r_a_g_m___m__o_v_e_s__d_o_w__n__to__t_a_k_e__i_n_o__x_y_g_e_n__a__n_d__m__o_v_e_s__u_p__to__r_e_l_e_a_s_e_____ c__a_r_b_o_n__d__io_x_i_d_e__fr_o_m___th__e__lu_n_g__s_. ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6
I Apply Multiple Choice Questions 15) Which of the following activity will mostly make us breathe fastest? [B] (A) eating (B) swimming (C) sitting steady (D) studying 16) Which of the following statements is correct? [D] (A) Usually, adults breathe about 24 times in an hour. (B) Children breathe about 18 times in a minute. (C) Adults breathe about 18 times in a day. (D) Usually, adults breathe about 18 times in a minute. Short Answer Questions 17) Why do we need to breathe? Page 53 Ans. _W_e__n__e_e_d__t_o__b_r_e_a_t_h_e__b_e__c_a_u__se__w__e__n_e_e__d__o_x_y_g_e__n_f_o_r_m__a__n_y__o_f_o_u__r _b_o_d__y_f_u_n_c__ti_o_n_s_._______ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 18) Explain: The faster we move, the faster we breathe. Ans. _A_c_c__o_r_d_in__g_t_o__t_h_e__d_i_ff_ic__u_lt_y_l_e_v_e__l _o_f_t_h_e__a_c_t_i_v_it_y_,_t_h_e__sp__e_e_d__o__f _b_r_e_a_t_h_i_n_g__a_l_so__i_n_c_r_e_a_s_e__s.__ _Th__e_r_e_fo__re__, _th__e__fa__st_e_r_w__e__m__o_v_e__, _th__e_f_a_s_t_e_r_w__e__b_r_e_a__th_e__.________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Long Answer Question 19) Explain what happens when we blow on hot food. Ans. W__h__e_n__w_e__b__lo_w__o__n__h_o_t_f_o_o__d_,_t_h_e__h_e_a__t_f_ro_m___t_h_e__fo__o_d__e_v_a__p_o_r_a_t_e_s__fa__st_e_r_._A__ls_o_,_t_h_e__a_i_r____ f_r_o_m__t_h_e__m__o_u__th__is__c_o_o__le_r__th_a__n__th_e__f_o_o__d_._H_e__n_c_e__, _it_c__o_o_l_s_d_o__w_n__t_h_e__fo__o_d_.________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ WB: Respiratory System 7
Page 54 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Long Answer Question 20) What is a stethoscope? How does it help the doctor? Ans. _A__s_te_t_h_o__sc__o_p_e__i_s_a_n__i_n_s_tr_u_m__e_n__t _u_s_e_d__t_o__h_e_a_r__so__u_n_d_s__o_f_h__e_a_r_tb__e_a__ts__a_n_d__b_r_e_a__th__in_g__. _____ _D_o_c__to__rs__u_s_e__it_t_o__c_h_e__c_k_t_h_e__h_e__a_lt_h__o_f_o__u_r_b__o_d_y_._O__u_r_b__re__a_t_h_in__g__a_n_d__h_e__a_r_tb__e_a_t_s_c__h_a_n_g__e_ _w_h__e_n__w_e__a__re__u_n_w__e_l_l.________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8
V – Appendices Usage Tip: Additional reading resources that can be read to improve your knowledge and expertise Sub‐Sections: 15. How to be a Rockstar Teacher (In Part 1B) 16. Blackboard Information Organising Tips (Graphic Organisers) Page 55
16. Blackboard Informa on Organising Tips (Graphic Organisers) There are interes ng ways to represent informa on on the blackboard to make learning more engaging and fun. Given below are some of them. Using these will also improve learners’ ability to process, store and recall the informa on presented, later. Mind map Word splash KWL chart Tip chart Table Venn diagram Bubble Star diagram Timeline Process chart diagram Cycle chart Tree diagram Spider Layered diagram triangle/ Pyramid Page 56
Mind map Useful to build connec ons between concepts Helps in understanding informa on and discovering new rela onships Source: h ps://in.pinterest.com/pin/107101297358882191/ Sample blackboard illustra on: Page 57
droplets form Word splash commonly Makes learning terminology easier for kids Bring out the ability to make connec ons during glaciers circulates Keywords discussed can be wri en on the comes places changes waterfrcocomofoomluhseenogadtrroftahcurilnvlsosdeelardsrscilvosfkueonydrrdssmAdAorcncHiftteifiamcearcnartseliacnyats board and learners can be asked to make connec ons see ice You can use this online tool: back vapour various h p://www.abcya.com/word_clouds.htm springs areas forms KWL chart turns cycle But goes rain snow available sources saltwater lakes region droplets ponds Builds outcome orienta on and KW L help learners/teachers to organise informa on before, during and a er a lesson/ac vity I know I want to know I have learned Air is everywhere. Why do we need air? We need air to breath. Air helps in burning. Page 58
TIP chart Term Informa on Picture Help learners to remember and understand complex terms with the help of pictures and informa on Lever A lever is a bar, rod or axle wheel Wheel and axle pla orm that can move about a fixed point. Wheel and axle make work easier by reducing fric on. A wheel helps things to move. The axle helps the wheel turn. Table Useful to note down informa on a er discussions and clearly bring out points about different things from different perspec ves Helps build modular thinking ability in kids Page 59
Venn diagram WHALES FISH Useful to remember logical rela onships between groups of things have hair have scales Can be used to indicate what is common and live in water what is different between two things or groups of things give birth to young ones have fins lay eggs can swim have lungs to breathe have gills to breathe Source: h p://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/2646 Bubble diagram Can be used to visualise the washroom store components of a concept room along with their rela ve sizes, quan ty and bedroom kitchen connec ons between them dining room bedroom drawing car porch room entrance Page 60
Star diagram Can be used to describe the key points of a story or event using the 5Ws A document that contains a set of rules for the government and the ci zens What? The people of India Whom? Who? BR Ambedkar and a team of 300 leaders Cons tu on How long? When Three years 26 January, 1950 Page 61
Timeline Useful to recall events in chronological order with dates Timeline of evolu on of transporta on 3500 BC 2000 BC 1783 AD 1787 AD 1790 AD 1801 AD 1862 AD 1903 AD Inven on of Domes cated Inven on of Inven on of the Inven on of Inven on of the Inven on of the Inven on of the wheel and animals such as the hot air steamboat the bicycle steam automobile the modern the boat horses and balloon locomo ve aeroplane donkeys begin to carry burden Process chart The blood travels It collects more and Blood enters the Useful to represent through the body. more waste. kidneys. Kidneys filter and remember the blood which passes informa on that When passing urine, the The urinary bladder through them. follows a par cular urine from the bladder is stores this urine. When sequence thrown out through the the bladder is almost Kidneys send all the urethra. half full, we feel like waste to the bladder passing urine. through the ureters in the form of urine. Page 62
Cycle chart Useful to represent and remember informa on that follows a par cular sequence Both open ended simple process or closed cycles can be used Sample blackboard illustra ons: Page 63
Tree diagram Sources of water Helps in classifying or categorising informa on Natural sources Man-made or Ar ficial sources Rain River Pond Lake Well Borewell Tube well Spider diagram Useful to represent and remember Mango Rice complex topics Wheat Fruits Useful to build connec ons within a Grains concept or between concepts Apple Carrot Food Green gram Onion Len l Vegetables Pulses Page 64
Layered triangle/Pyramid Can be used to start with a broad topic and move to a more focussed or complex topic Can be used to start with a basic topic and move to a more evolved/complex topic Structure of State Administra on State Division District Tehsil Block Village Page 65
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