202110732-PERFORM-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G09-FY_Optimized

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What is apartheid? 2. Who won the Nobel Peace Prize for fighting against apartheid? 3. What did the message on the signboards at Durban Beach say? Why was it put up? PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. Why did South Africa need a constitution? 2. What is a preamble in the context of constitution? 3. What was the message given to the people of South Africa during extraordinary transition from apartheid toa multi-racial government? PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. Who drafted the Indian constitution initially and in which year? 2. Who is Vallabbhai Jhaverbhai Patel and what role did he play? 3. Who is T.T. Krishnamachari and what role did he play? 4. What is a Constituent Assembly? Briefly sketch the role of any two leaders of this assembly. PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 1. Explain the significance of 26th January. Why is it celebrated as Republic Day? 2. Name three important leaders who contributed in making the constitution of India and briefly explain their role. 3. What role did Mahatma Gandhi play in the formation of our constitution? PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) 1. Briefly write your understanding of the making of the constitution of South Africa. 2. What was the view point of Dr. B.R Ambedkar? What did he say in his concluding speech in the Constituent Assembly? 87

PRACTICE SHEET - 6 (PS-6) I. Choose the correct option: 7. Every year 26th November is celebrated as a. Republic Day 1. Who was the Congressed leader, who opposed b. National Law Day Muslim separatist politics and became the c. National Integration Day Education minister in the first union cabinet of d. Independence Day Independent India? a. Dr. BR Ambedkar 8. The Fundamental Rights in our constitution are b. Abul Kalam Azad taken from the constitution of c. Vallabhbhai Patel a. USA d. Smt. Durgabai Deshmukh b. France c. Britain 2. Elections to our Constituent Assembly were d. Ireland conducted in a. 1948 9. What does BR Ambedkar worry about? b. 1947 a. poverty of people c. 1946 b. political equality d. 1945 c. social and economic inequalities d. All of these. 3. Who was the President of Constituent Assembly? 10. What do you understand by the phrase ‘one man a. BR Ambedkar one value’? b. Mahatma Gandhi a. political equality c. Dr. Rajendra Prasad b. social and economic equality d. Vallabhbhai patel c. social and economic inequality d. All of these 4. A country in which people have supreme right to make decisions on internal as well as external II. Short Answer Questions: matters is called a __________ country. 1. What is the Preamble? Why do most of the a. Democratic b. Secular countries have chosen to begin their constitu- c. socialist tions with a Preamble? d. sovereign 2. The making of constitution for a huge country 5. Find odd one out of the following leaders. like India was not an easy affair. Comment. a. BR Ambedkar b. Sarojini Naidu 3. ‘South Africa, a state denounced by the entire c. Dr. Rajendra Prasad world till recently as the most undemocratic d. Mahatma Gandhi one is now seen as a model of democracy’. Analyse the statement. 6. Who said the following words? “I have cherished the ideal of a democratic country III. Long Answer Questions: and free society in which all persons live together 1. Explain the values, that inspired and guided the in harmony and with equal opportunities…..” a. BR Ambedkar freedom struggle, which were embedded in the b. Nelson Mandela Preamble of our constitution. c. Mahatma Gandhi d. Jawaharlal Nehru 2. a. The constitution of a country should be up- dated regularly. Give reasons. b.Every country in the world, whether democratic or not needs to have a set of rules i.e., constitution. Explain. 88

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. What is a multi-racial government?  (1 Mark) 7. On which day did the Constituent Assembly 2. What is the constitution of a country? (1 Mark) adopt the Constitution of India and what is the key message? Explain the preamble of our Constitution and the key words used. (5 Marks) 3. List any two benefits of the constitution. (1 Mark) 4. Do all the democratic countries have a (1 Mark) constitution?  5. Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela fought for freedom in their own countries. What commonality do you see in both these leaders and what difference do you see in their role post-independence? (3 Marks) 6. Briefly explain the famous speech rendered by Jawaharlal Nehru in the constituent assembly on the midnight of 15th August 1947. (3 Marks) 89

3. Electoral Politics Learning Outcomes • Explain the process of polling and counting of votes At the end of this chapter students will be able to: • Explain what are election, and the purpose of it. • Answer, what makes elections in India • Describe why elections are needed. democratic • Understand and explain how elections and • Understand and explain the role of independent democracy are inter-related. Election Commission • Answer if the political competition is good or not. • Explain the system of election followed in India • Explain about popular participation • Narrate the process of nomination of candidates, • Describe the process of acceptance of election and the educational qualifications, constituencies, outcome voter’s list • Discuss about the challenges to free and fair • Describe the process of election campaign elections Concept Map – Electoral Politics Elections Electoral Politics 1. Assembly Elections in Haryana. 2. Why do we need elections? Key Points 3. What makes elections democratic? 4. Is it good to have political • Haryana has been ruled by the Congress Party since competition? 1982. Elections in our system 1. Electoral Constituencies. • Chaudhary Devi Lal, opposition leader led movement 2. Reserved Constituencies. called Nyaya Yudh and formed a new party Lok Dal. His 3. Voter’s list. party promised if they win election they would waive the 4. Nomination of Candidates. loan of farmers and small businessmen. 5. Election Campaign. 6. Polling and Counting of votes. • People who were unhappy with the Congress rule sup- ported Lok Dal and his party own the election. Elections in India democratic • Members of Legislative Assembly of Lok Dal choose Devi Lal as their leader. The governor invited Devi Lal to form 1. Independent Election Commission. a new government. 2. Popular Participation. 3. Challeneges to Free and Fair elections. • After becoming Chief Minister he waived loans for party did not win the election. Congress won the elec- farmers small business man. tion and formed the government again. • Elections take place in more than 100 countries around • His party ruled the state for four years and in 1991his the world, where people choose their representatives. • More than in 100 countries elections takes place, choose their representative. • Election is a process from which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them if they wish to do so. • People can choose who will make laws for them. • People can choose who will form the government and take major decisions. • They can choose the party whose policies will guide the government and law making. • Everyone should have right to vote. • Parties and candidates should be free to contest elec- 90

3. Electoral Politics tions and should offer some real choice to voters. o Intimidation of voters and ragging on the polling • Our system of election: day. o Electoral constituencies o Reserved constituencies Election Commission in India o Voters list • Election commission takes decision on every aspect of o Nominations of candidates o Election campaign conduct and control of elections from the announce- o Polling and counting of votes ment of election to declaration of election o What makes Elections in India Democratic • Code of conduct is implemented • Unfair practices during the election: • Election commission passes dome rules and regula- o Inclusion of false names and exclusion of genuine tions to stop ruling party to misuse its power • Government officials work for EC and not for Govern- votes names in the voters list ment during election process. o Misuse of government facilities and officials by the ruling party o Excessive use of money by rich candidates and big party candidates. Work Plan CONCEPT COVERAGE COVERAGE DETAILS PRACTICE SHEET PS-1 Elections Assembly Election in Haryana. Why do we need elections? PS-2 What makes an election democratic? Is it good to have political competition? PS-3 PS-4 Elections in our system 1. Electoral Constituencies PS-5 2. Reserved Constituencies Self-evaluation 3. Voter’s list Sheet 4. Nomination of candidates 5. Educational qualification of candidates 6. Election Campaign 7. Polling and counting of votes 8. Expenses for the elections, is it too costly? Elections in Indian Independent Election Commission democratic Popular participation (i) Voter Turnout? (ii) Does everyone vote? (iii) Value of each vote? (iv) Political party votes? Application Skills Based on the learning, analysing the constitution and applying knowledge Worksheet for “Electoral Politics” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 91

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. Who was the opposition party leader in Haryana in the 1987 election, and what was the name given to his movement? 2. Name one of the important promises made to people of Haryana by Devi Lal before the 1987 elections? 3. Why do we need elections? 4. What makes the elections democratic? 5. Is it good to have political competition? 6. Do non-democratic countries conduct elections, if so, why? 7. In democratic elections, do leaders honor the pre-election promises to people, once they attain power? Give an example. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. With specific reference to India, what is electoral constituency? 2. How many electoral constituencies are there in India? 3. Who is an MP and how does an MP get elected? 4. Who is an MLA and how does an MLA get elected? 5. What are the reserved constituencies? Can you give the breakup count? 6. What is a voter’s list? Who prepares it and how? 7. What is EPIC in the context of election and explain its use? 8. Explain the process of nomination of candidates for elections. 9. What is the code of conduct in the context of election campaign? Give examples. PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. What do you understand by IEC and CEC? 2. What is the role of IEC? Is it empowered to make key decisions? 3. What is voter’s turnout and does it matter for elections ? 4. What is the result of survey question, conducted by National Election Study 2004, CSDS. “Do you think your vote makes a Difference”? 5. How can we say elections are happening in a free and fair manner? 6. Who is CEC? Who appoints CEC? Can any government remove CEC? 7. List few challenges in conducting a free and fair elections. 92

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 1. Name remove the famous Chief Election Commissioner, known for his contribution towards major election reforms in India. 2. Who elects the President of India and what are his powers and duties? 3. Who elects the Prime Minister of India ? What is his primary role? 93

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: 8. In the question given below there are two state- ments marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1. Elections conducted to fill the vacancy caused Read both the statements carefully and choose by the death or resignation of a member of the the correct option: legislature is called a. General Election Assertion (A): Elections in India are basically free b. Mid-term election and fair. c. By-election Reason (B): Ministers lay foundation stones of new d. Vacancy election projects a week before polling day. a. Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct 2. Number of elected representatives on the Lok Sabha is and the Reason is the correct explanation of a. 543 the Assertion. b. 545 c. 550 b. The Assertion and the Reason are correct but d. 453 the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. 3. The Chief Election Commissioner of India is appointed by the ________ of India. c. Our Assertion is true but the Reason is false. a. Prime Minister b. President d. The statement of the Assertion is false but the c. Parliament Reason is true. d. Supreme Court Constituencies where Constituencies where 4. Which of the following is an incorrect pair of Voter Turout has Voter Turout has election slogan and the political party? Remained Low Remained Low a. Land to the Tiller-The Left Front b. Save Democracy-Janata Dal 68.61% 67.2% 65.14% Average polling c. Garibi Hatao- BJP percentage d. None of the above (in last four elections) 50.85% 5. Which of the following can vote in elections? 58.8% 51.49% a. Non- Resident Indians 53.06% b. School children 2019 2014 2009 2004 55.14% c. persons with unsound mind 56.4% d. Anglo Indians Constituencies where Voter Turout has 6. Some constituencies are reserved for the Consistently improved weaker sections because, they may a. not have required resources to contest and win 75.37% the elections. b. not get a good chance to get elected in the Dakshina Kannada open competition. c. be prevented by the influential people from 73.32% BengaluBreunSgoaulutrhuBCeenngtarlaulru North RajchuGr ulbarga getting elected. d. All the above Kolar 7. How many General elections were conducted to 72.94% our Lok Sabha so far? a. 16 Chikkaballapur b. 17 c. 18 72.6% d. 15 Hassan 72.38% Udupi-Chilmagalur *Average polling percentage (in last four elections) 9. Which of the following statements correctly imply the constituency- wise voter turnout in Karnataka? i. Urban voters are more interested in voting. ii. Rural voters attach a lot of importance to elections. iii. Voters in south Bengaluru are indifferent to elections. iv. Voter turnout has improved more in Gulbarga. a. All the above b. ii & iv c. ii & iii d. I & iv 94

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) 10. In Which General Elections Voter turnout has increased a lot comparatively? a. 15th b. 16th c. 17th d. 14th II. Short Answer Questions: 1. Despite many problems and demerits, our Constitution makers opted for free competition in elections. Give reasons 2. Can we imagine a modern democracy without elections? Explain. 3. While some kind of educational qualifications are required for any other job in the country, why is it not made mandatory for our representatives? III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Describe the election process in India. 2. Very few election commissions in the world are as powerful and independent as the Election commission of India. Analyse the statement. 95

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. How many seats were won by Lok Dal in 1987 6. What is an election campaign? How does it elections in Haryana to form the government ? happen? Give examples. (3 Marks)  (1 Mark) 2. At what age, does an Indian citizen become eligible to vote in an election? (1 Mark) 3. Is educational qualification mandatory to 7. Explain how polling and counting of votes is contest in an election in India? Why?  (1 Mark) done in our country. (5 Marks) 4. How much amount was spent by the government in conducting Lok Sabha elections in 2014? How much it works out to be per person in the voter’s list?  (1 Mark) 5. Are election expenses too costly for a country like India? (3 Marks) 96

4. Working of Institutions Learning Outcomes • Know the role of Prime Minister. • Know the role and functions of Council of At the end of this chapter, students will be able to: • Understand how a major policy decision is taken. Ministers. • Know about Mandal Commission and its report. • Understand the role and power of President. • Understand the powers of Lok Sabha and Rajya • Understand the composition of electoral college. • Understand Judiciary and its functions. Sabha. • Understand the powers and functions of • Analyse the role of executive. • Distinguish between political executive and Supreme Court. permanent executive. Concept Map ?? Key Points • Prime Minister is the head of the government and exercises all governmental powers. • A major policy decision is taken through a government order. • Parliament consists of the President and two houses—Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. • The Government of India had appointed the Second Backward Classes Commission in 1979. • The Lok Sabha or the Lower House is composed of the elected representatives of the people. • It was headed by BP Mandal. Hence, it was popularly called the Mandal Commission. • The Rajya Sabha or Upper House represents the interests of the States and Union Territories. • President is the head of the state and is the 97 highest formal authority in the country.

4. Working of Institutions • Our Constitution gives some special powers to • The President supervises the overall functioning of Rajya Sabha but on most of the matters, the Lok all the political institutions in the country, so that Sabha exercises supreme power. they operate in harmony to achieve the objectives of the state. • Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. • Judiciary refers to an institution empowered to administer justice and provide a mechanism for • The functionaries (the people and organisation) the resolution of legal disputes. who take day-to-day decisions but do not exercise supreme power on behalf of the people are • All the courts at different levels in a country put known as executive. together are called the judiciary. • The President appoints the leader of the majority • The Indian judiciary consists of a Supreme Court party or the coalition of parties that commands a for the entire nation, High Courts and Subordinate majority in the Lok Sabha as a Prime Minister. Courts in the states, District Courts and the courts at local level and Lok Adalats. • It is the official name for the body that includes all the ministers. It usually has 60 to 80 ministers of different ranks. The Council of Ministers have collective responsibility. Work Plan CONCEPT COVERAGE COVERAGE DETAILS PRACTICE SHEET How is a major policy decision taken • A government order PS – 1 Parliament • The decision makers Political executive • Need for political institutions The Judiciary • Why do we need a Parliament? PS – 2 • Two houses of Parliament • Political and permanent executive PS – 3 and • Prime Minister and council of PS – 4 ministers • Powers of Prime Minister • The President • The judiciary PS – 5 Worksheet for “Working of Institutions” PS – 6 Evaluation with self-check Self-evaluation or Peer check* Sheet 98

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What are the three organs of the Government? citizens and the government are finally settled. 2. Who is the head of the state? 8. Explain the reason for the need of political 3. Write one recommendation of Mandal institutions. commission. 9. Analyse the reaction of the people when the 4. What was Mandal commission? Why was it government decided to reserve 27% of the seats appointed? for backward classes? 5. Who is the head of the government? 10. What was the ‘Indira Sawhney and others vs 6. Which political party promised that if voted Union of India case’ and how was it settled? to power, it would implement the Mandal Commission report? 7. Name the institution where disputes between PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. What is a Parliament? 6. Which house of the Parliament exercises more 2. Name the two houses of the Parliament. power in money matters? 3. What is a ‘No Confidence Motion’? 4. Which house of the Parliament looks after the 7. How does Lok Sabha exercise more power regarding the money bill? interests of various states, region or federal units? 8. How does Lok Sabha exercise control over the 5. Which house of the Parliament is also called ‘the Council of Ministers? house of the people’? 9. Analyse how Lok Sabha exercises supreme power. PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 7. Explain why the political executives have more power than the permanent executives? 1. Define the executive. 2. Who appoints the Prime Minister? 8. Why should the minister have a final say on 3. Why are government functionaries called as the important matters? executive? 9. How does the President act as an executive 4. Who are cabinet ministers? head? 5. What do you mean by ‘political executive’? 6. Who is called the permanent executive? 10. State the importance of civil servants in running the government. PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 5. Who is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India? 1. How does the President appoint a Prime Minister in case no single party gets a majority? 6. How is the council of ministers appointed? 7. Describe the composition of council of 2. What should a person do to become a minister in case he is not a member of the Parliament but ministers. gets elected? 3. What happens to the ministry when the Prime Minister quits? 4. Who was the first Prime Minister of India? 99

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) 1. What is judiciary? 2. Which is the highest court of India? 3. What is the composition of Indian judiciary? 4. What is public interest litigation? 5. How are the judges of the Supreme Court and High Court appointed? 6. Explain briefly the powers and functions of the Supreme Court. 7. What do you understand by independence of judiciary? 8. What are the various provisions to make Indian judiciary independent and impartial? 100

PRACTICE SHEET - 6 (PS-6) I. Choose the correct option: c. Smt .Sarojini Naidu d. Meira Kumar 1. Which Prime Minister of India decided to 9. ’Supreme Court releases new roster, PILS to be implement the Mandal Commission’s Report heard by CJI and 3 senior most judges.’ (Eco- which recommended to provide reservations for nomic Times news headlines, dated Nov29, Other Backward castes in civil posts? 2019) In the above news headline PIL means a. Manmohan Singh a. People’s Interest Law b. Smt. Indira Gandhi b. Public Interest Legislation c. VP Singh c. Public Interest Law d. Narendra Modi d. Public Interest Litigation 10. Find the incorrect statement among the 2. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India following. is appointed by the a. Rajya Sabha is called the ‘Upper Chamber but a. Supreme Court President b. Prime Minister it doesn’t mean it is more powerful than Lok c. Parliament Sabha. d. President b. The budget, once passed by the Lok Sabha cannot be rejected by the Rajya Sabha. 3. The legislature of USA is called c. ‘no confidence’ motion should be passed by a. Parliament both the Houses. b. Congress d. Ordinary laws are to be passed by both the c. White House Houses. d. Federal Reserve II. Short Answer Questions: 1. Distinguish between political executive and 4. Which of the following are regarded as the inner permanent executive. ring of the council of ministers? 2. Unlike the President of the US the President of a. Ministers of State India is a nominal Head. Explain. b. Ministers of the State with Independent charge 3. How did people respond to the government’s c. Cabinet decision of providing 27% reservations to the d. All of these socially and educationally weaker sections of the society? 5. The Prime Minister of India is III. Long Answer Questions: a. directly elected by the people for the post. 1. How can you say India has an independent and b. nominated by the President of India. very powerful Judiciary. Explain. c. leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. 2. Working with institutions often leads delays d. Indirectly elected by the people. and complications as it involves so many rules, procedures and meetings. Do you think, it is 6. The power of Supreme Court to Interpret the much better to have one person to take all the Constitution is called decisions without any procedures and delays? a. Appeal b. PIL 101 c. Judicial Review d. Constitutional Remedies 7. In India the head of the State (Country) is the a. President b. Prime Minister c. Governor d. CJI 8. The first woman President of India was a. Sumitra Mahajan b. Pratibha Patil

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. What are institutions? (1 Mark) 6. How is the president of India elected? (3 Marks) 2. What does SEBC stand for? (1 Mark) 3. Who appoints the Chief Justice of India? (1 Mark) 4. What is the length of the term of a government 7. Explain the major powers and functions of the in India? (1 Mark) Parliament. (5 Marks) 5. Distinguish between political executive and permanent executive. (3 Marks) 102

5. Democratic Rights • Understand the Right to Freedom and its importance in democracy. Learning Outcomes • Know what is Right against Exploitation and At the end of this chapter, students will be able to: where it can be used. • Understand the meaning of democratic rights. • Know the incident of Guantanamo Bay. • Understand what Right to Freedom of Religion • Understand the citizens’ rights in Saudi Arabia. means in a secular country. • Know about the ethnic massacre in Kosovo. • Analyse why rights are essential for the very • Know why cultural and educational rights are important. sustenance of a democracy. • Understand what are fundamental rights. • Analyse the importance of securing these • Know what Right to Equality means and its rights. importance. Concept Map Democratic Rights Key Points • As a result, there was no trial before any magistrate in the US, nor could these prisoners approach • When the socially recognised claims (rights) are courts in their own country. written into law in a democracy, they are called democratic rights. • Amnesty International - An international organisation of volunteers, brings out independent • About 600 people were secretly picked up by the US reports on the violation of the human rights all forces from all over the world and put in a prison in over the world. Guantanamo Bay, near Cuba. 103

5. Democratic Rights • Saudi Arabia is ruled over by a hereditary king and • The Government of India has provided reservation the people have no role in electing or changing for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) their rulers. and Other Backward Classes (OBCs). But these reservations are not against the Right to Equality. • There is no freedom of religion. Every citizen is required to be Muslim. Non-Muslim residents can • Freedom means absence of interference in our follow their religion in private, but not in public. affairs by others—be it other individuals or the government. • A brutal massacre took place in Kosovo in which thousands of Albanians were killed. Milosevic lost • Once the Right to Liberty and Equality is granted, power and was tried by the International Court of it follows that every citizen has a right not to be Justice for crimes against humanity. exploited. • Kosovo with majority population of Albanians • No one can employ a child below the age of 14 to declared independence in February 2008. work in any factory or mine or any other hazardous work, such as railways and ports. • Rights ensure that majority cannot do whatever it wishes to do. • Every person has a right to profess, practice and propagate the religion, he or she believes in. • Some rights which are fundamental to our life are given a special status in Indian Constitution. They • We have a right to seek the enforcement of these are called Fundamental Rights. mentioned rights. This is called the Right to Constitutional Remedies. • The six Fundamental Rights recognised by the Constitution are - Right to Equality, Right to • There can be no law or action that violates the Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Fundamental Rights. Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Constitutional Remedies. • If any act of the legislature or the executive takes away or limits any of the Fundamental Rights, it • Right to Equality is the foundation of any will be invalid. democracy. Work Plan CONCEPT COVERAGE COVERAGE DETAILS PRACTICE SHEET Life without rights • Prison in Guantanamo Bay PS – 1 • Citizens’ rights in Saudi Arabia • Ethnic massacre in Kosovo Rights in a democracy • What are rights? PS – 2 • Why do we need rights in a democracy? Rights in the Indian • Right to equality Constitution • Right to freedom • Right against exploitation • Right to freedom of religion PS – 3 • Culture and educational rights • How can we secure these rights? Expanding scope of rights • Expanding scope of rights PS – 4 Worksheet for “Democratic Rights” PS – 5 Evaluation with self-check Self-evaluation or Peer check* Sheet 104

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What is Amnesty International? 2. How are the rulers of Saudi Arabia elected? 3. What crime did the American government link the prisoners of Guantanamo Bay to? 4. Who selects the legislature and the executive in Saudi Arabia? 5. Explain the position of the citizens of Saudi Arabia with regard to their Government. 6. How were prisoners tortured by the US army in Guantanamo Bay prison? 7. What did Amnesty International do to get Guantanamo Bay prison closed? PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. What are rights? 2. What can a citizen do when his or her right is violated by a fellow citizen or government? 3. Rights also perform very special role in democracy. Explain. 4. Why do some rights need to be placed higher than the government? 5. Analyse the importance of rights in a democracy? PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. When was the National Human Right 7. How is right to equality exercised? Commission 8. What is meant by ‘freedom of speech and set up? expression’? 2. Mention any three rights of a detained person. 9. What is ‘secularism’? 3. Name the six Fundamental Rights provided by 10. How does the Right to Constitutional Remedies the Indian Constitution to Indian citizens. ensure and guarantee the enforcement of our 4. What are writs? fundamental rights? 5. What are the various Rights to Freedom granted by Indian constitution? 6. What does ‘Rule of law’ mean? PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 1. What kind of right is ‘right to property’? 2. What are human rights? 3. What do you mean by ‘right to privacy’? 105

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: punishable crime according to a. Right to Freedom 1. Guantanamo Bay is an area near b. Right to Equality a. Jamaica c. Right to religious Freedom b. Java d. Right against Exploitation c. Cuba Study the following image and answer the d. Sumatra questions 9 & 10 2. Amnesty International is an international 9. The violation of which Fundamental Right is ___________ organisation. protested in the above image? a. peace a. Right against Exploitation b. political b. Right to Freedom c. military c. Right to Equality d. human rights d. Right to Religious Freedom 3. When was NHRC is established? 10. On August 22, 2019 the Supreme Court of a. 1984 India gave the verdict that the practice of b. 1993 _______________ is violation of Article c. 1996 14 and 21. d. 1992 a. Child labour b. Triple Talaq 4. Which of the following indicate violation of c. Child marriage citizen’s rights in Saudi Arabia? d. Female feticide a. People do not have any role in electing or changing their rulers. II. Short Answer Questions: b. There is no freedom of religion. 1. What do you understand by rule of law? c. Media cannot report anything against the king. 2. Why are some basic rights placed higher than d. All of The above the governments? 5. Which of the following rights is deleted from the 3. According to Right to Equality, there should be list of Fundamental Rights? a. Right to Vote equal opportunities for all in matters of edu- b. Right to Property cation and employment. But the government c. Right to Education of India has provided reservations to certain d. Right to Information sections of the society. Then these reservations against the right to equality. Aren’t they? 6. Which of the following social evils are III. Long Answer Questions: prohibited according to ‘Right against Exploita- 1. Make a list of Fundamental Rights. Which of tion’? these rights, according to you, is more a. Child labour important and why? b. Bonded labour 2. Rights are reasonable claims of persons rec- c. Forced labour ognised by society and sanctioned by law. d. All of these Analyse the statement. 7. Parses in India have right to establish and 106 administer educational institutions of their choice according to a. Cultural and Educational Right b. Right to Religious Freedom. c. Right to Freedom d. Right to Education 8. The practice of any form of untouchability is a

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. What did Dr. BR Ambedkar call the ‘Right to Constitutional Remedies’? (1 Mark) 7. ‘The Right to Freedom is actually a cluster of several rights.’ Explain. (5 Marks) 2. Define Fundamental Rights. (1 Mark) 3. Define the rule of law. (1 Mark) 4. What is a secular state? (1 Mark) 5. Write a short note on ‘cultural and educational right’.  (3 Marks) 6. Write three constitutional provisions for the protection of women and children in India. (3 Marks) 107

1. The Story of Village Palampur Learning Outcomes • Understand the Green Revolution and its importance At the end of this chapter students will be able to: • Explain the production activities in India. • Understand the importance of labour and capital • Understand the farming activities in a village • Understand non farming activities in a village • Identify the land use pattern of a village • Know basic economic concepts through an • Know about the crops and pattern of crop imaginary story of a village. cultivation Concept map Introduction of Palampur village Main production activities Activities Farming activities Land Non farming activities Crop Village of Palampur Labour Capital Green Revolution Factor Process Problem Key Points increase in agricultural production. • The major impact of the spread of electricity • Palampur (an imaginary village) is having about 450 families. in Palampur was to transform the system of irrigation. • The main occupation in Palampur is farming. • Modern methods of farming have created a nega- • About 75% of the people of Palampur are involved tive impact on our environment. • Green revolution introduced the Indian farmers in farming as farmers or farm labourers. to the use of a combination High Yielding Variet- • In the imaginary village of Palampur, the land ies(HYV) of seeds, plenty of water, chemical fertiliz- ers and pesticides to produce better yield. under cultivation is fixed, that is, there is no scope of bringing more land under the plough. • Non-farming activities such as dairy, small scale manufacturing, transport are carried on a limited scale. • Land, labour and capital are the basic requirements for production of goods and services. • Over the years, there have important changes in the way of farming. These changes include- Multi- ple crop farming, use of modern farming methods. • The Green Revolution was the world wide trans- formation in agriculture and it led to significant 108

1. The Story of Village Palampur Work Plan CONCEPT COVERAGE COVERAGE DETAILS PRACTICE SHEET PS-1 Introduction of village • Introduction Palampur • Main production Activities PS-2 Factors of Production • Land PS-3 • Cropping pattern PS-4 • Labour & Capital Self-evaluation • Green Revolution Sheet Non farming activities Dairy, small scale manufacturing, transport Worksheet for “The Story of Village Palampur” Evaluation with self-check or Peer check* 109

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What is the main economic activity in Palampur village? 2. Who runs the primary health center in Palampur? 3. Name the various forms of transport, visible on the road from Palampur to Raiganj and Shahpur. 4. How many families live in Palampur? 5. What was the status of Scheduled Castes in Palampur? 6. What were the benefits of electricity in Palampur? PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. What are the four main requirements for Year Production Production production of goods and services? of Pulses of Wheat 1965-66 10 10 2. From where do most of the small farmers 1970-71 12 24 borrow money to arrange for capital in 1980-81 11 36 Palampur? 1990-91 14 55 2000-01 11 70 3. What are the constituents of modern farming methods? a) What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method? 4. What do you mean by multiple cropping? 5. Name the states who were first to try out the b) The Green revolution is equally successful for both the crops. Give reason. modern farming methods in India. 6. Explain four requirements for the production of 11. ‘The farm labourers in Palampur usually earn less than the minimum wage.’ Explain the goods and services. statement with arguments. 7. Mention important features of Green revolution 12. ‘Green Revolution is associated with the loss of in India. soil fertility.’ Justify the statement. 8. Differentiate between rabi crops and kharif 13. ‘Employment is the main problem faced by crops. Give examples. the farm labourers in Palampur.’ Explain the 9. Explain any three types of production activities problems faced by the farmers. in Palampur. 14. ‘Land is fixed in Palampur.’ Justify the 10. Read the following table and answer the below statement. questions: PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. Identify the various non-farming activities in Palampur. 2. Explain the meaning of non-farming activities with examples. 3. What can be done so that more non-farming activities can be started in villages? 4. ‘Transport is a fast developing sector in Palampur.’ Explain the statement. 110

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: 8. Identify the major Kharif crop among the following. 1. The major economic activity in Palampur village a. Wheat is b. Sugar cane a. manufacturing c. potato b. farming d. Paddy c. dairy d. none of these Study the following graph and answer the ques- tions 9 and 10 2. The elements of Green Revolution are a. HYV seeds Graph 1.1: Distribution of Cultivated Area and Farmers b. Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides c. Irrigation and Machinery Cultivated Area Number of Farmers d. All of these 36% 20% 3. The percentage of workers engaged in non-farm 64% 80% activities in the rural India is a. 42 Small farmers Medium and b. 24 (Less than 2 ha.) Large farmers c. 64 (More than 2 ha.) d. 74 Source: Agricultural statistics at glance 2006: 4. Pick the odd one from the following. Dept of agriculture and cooperation, Ministry of agriculture, a. Dairy farming Govt or India. b. Modern farming c. Multiple cropping 9. What is the percentage of area cultivated by the d. Crop rotation small farmers? a. 64 5. Which of the following factors of production is b. 36 fixed in supply? c. 20 a. Land d. 80 b. labour c. Physical capital 10. Which of the following inferences do you think, d. Fixed Capital indicate that there is uneven distribution of cultivated area in India? 6. Which of the following is an example for fixed a. 20% of large and medium farmers own 64% of capital? cultivable land. a. raw materials b. The percentage of small farmers is more in b. yarn for a weaver India. c. seeds used for sowing c. Medium farmers cultivate more than 2 hectares d. computers in your school of land. d. All the above. 7. Which of the following statements is incorrect about Palampur? a. Palampur village has Well developed system of roads, transport ,electricity etc. b. The village has about 450 families belonging to several different castes.. c. Small farmers use their savings as capital. d. Medium and large farmers hire farm labourers to work on their fields. 111

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) II. Short Answer Questions: 1. What is meant by multiple cropping? How could the farmers in Palampur villagers grow three crops in a year? 2. Why should we encourage non-farm activities in villages? 3. We daily hear/read many news of farmers com- mitting suicides due to high indebtedness or loss in agriculture. Can you suggest some practi- cal solutions to solve their problems? III. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS: 1. a. Distinguish between Fixed capital and Working capital. b. Explain any one of non-farming economic activities suitable for rural areas. 2. You have read about Sustainable way of development in your previous class. Do you think, the present ways of farming are sustain- able? 112

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. In which season, is wheat grown in Palampur 6. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in village? (1 Mark) Palampur? (3 Marks) 2. How is multiple cropping practiced in Palampur?  (1 Mark) 3. What term is used for measuring the crop 7. How has the environment been adversely production on given piece of land during a affected by the Green Revolution? (5 Marks) single season?  (1 Mark) 4. What is physical capital? Give examples. (1 Mark) 5. Explain any one non-farming activity in Palampur.  (3 Marks) 113

2. People as Resources Learning Outcomes At the end of this chapter students will able to: • Understand about the importance of education, • Understand the importance of human resources in training and health to prosper in life. the development of economy. • Know about the steps, taken by the government • Understand the importance of people as Resource. to promote education in India. • Understand how human resource is different from • Familiarise the main objectives of National other resources like land and physical capital. Health Policy and Sarva Siksha Abhiyan. • Understand the importance of human capital • Recognise the impact of unemployment in India. formation and its role in the upliftment of the • Familiarisation of a few population related society. • Classify the various economic and non-economic concepts. activities. • Understand people as asset who can participate and contribute in nation building. Concept Map People as resource Quality of population Unemployment • Meaning • Human capital formation and • Meaning • Nature Seasonal • National health policy • Impact Disguised its importance in the economy • Government Educated • Economic activities 1. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan ••• •f••mIinsPSTPIITSTnhsaeerreeduicrinimurntmcoriutsaaonagitrfardarnnyayyarr--cd,crymyBAyeta--ga-ua-ArrnBInirygTkcuiau-inrfnnaliItggcncuk,uuIrdnietlnsrut,ifugunissrg,ratherninyc,g,e- 2. Midday meal • •• NMMNoaoanrknrmektmearatkacaetrtickvaitetciyttviviatitcyytivity • Key Points • Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. • ‘People as Resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their existing • The quality of population depends upon the productive skills and abilities. literacy rate, health of a person. • ‘Human capital formation’ adds to the productive • It enhances the national income, cultural richness power of the country just like ‘physical capital and increases the efficiency of governance. formation’. • An important initiative taken by the government • Investment in human capital (through education, is Sarva Siksha Abhiyan which bridges courses and training, medical care) yields a return just like back-to school camps and Mid-day meal scheme. investment in physical capital. • National health policy aims at improving the • A child too, with investments made on her accessibility of healthcare, family welfare and education and health, can yield a high return in nutritional service with a special focus on the future, in the form of higher earnings and greater underprivileged segment of the population. contribution to the society. • The nature of unemployment differs in rural and • Economic activities have been classified into three urban areas. main sectors i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary. • In case of rural areas, there is seasonal and • Economic activities have two parts — market disguised unemployment. Urban areas have activities and non-market activities. mostly educated unemployment. • Education helps individual to make better use of • Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower the economic opportunities available before him. resource, increase economic overload. 114

2. People as Resources Work Plan CONCEPT COVERAGE COVERAGE DETAILS PRACTICE SHEET People as resource • Meaning PS-1 • Human capital formation and its importance in the economy Economy activity by men • Economic sectors-Primary, PS-2 and women Secondary and Tertiary Quality of population • Meaning • Health- National Health Policy • Education- Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, PS-3 Mid-day meal scheme Unemployment in India • Nature of unemployment- Seasonal PS-4 and Disguised. • Impact of unemployment in India Worksheet for “People as Resources” PS-5 Evaluation with self-check Self-evaluation or Peer check* Sheet 115

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What do you mean by ‘people as resource’? 2. What do you mean by human capital formation? 3. What is the positive side of a large population? 4. What is the role of investment in human capital? 5. Japan has invested in human resources rather than natural resources. Explain this statement. 6. Human capital can be turned into a productive asset. Explain this statement with example. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. How many sectors economic activities are classified into? 2. Which types of activities in tertiary sector do, add value to the national income? 3. What are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market? 4. How many sectors economic activities are classified into. Explain them. 5. Under what circumstances women are paid as par with the men? Explain. PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. What are the implications of quality of population? 2. What are advantages of education? 3. What is Sarva Siksha Abhiyan? 4. In the year 2015, both crude birth rate and death rate have decreased. Give reasons. 5. Explain the main purpose of the mid-day meal scheme. 6. Explain the strategy of 12th plan for education and literacy? PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 1. What do you understand by unemployment? 2. Which is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy? 3. Which two types of unemployment exist in the rural areas of India? 4. Educated unemployment is a peculiar problem of urban India. Explain the statement with arguments. 116

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: 7. Which of the following does not describe disguised unemployment in our rural areas? 1. Infant mortality rate in India according to 2015 a. Size of farms is very small. data is ______ b. Entire family shares the work and the produce a. 68 c. The sharing of work reduced their b. 147 unemployment and poverty c. 37 d. People work below their potential. d. 28 8. In the question given below there are two 2. Which of the following sectors of an economy statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason provides only services but does not produce any (R). Read both the statements carefully and good? choose the correct option: a. Primary Assertion (A): Market activities are done for b. Secondary remuneration, profit or payment. c. Tertiary Reason (B): Non-market activities are cannot be d. both a&b regarded as economic activities, as they are done for self-consumption. 3. Identify the activities done in primary sector. a. Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct i. poultry ii. tourism iii. Quarrying, iv forestry and the Reason is the correct explanation of v. education vi manufacturing the Assertion. a. i, ii,v & vi b. The Assertion and the Reason are correct but b. i,iii & iv the Reason is not the correct explanation of the c. ii,iii, v & vi Assertion. d. only i & iv c. Our Assertion is true but the Reason is false. d. The statement of the Assertion is false but the 4. Japan has become very rich because it has Reason is true. a. variety of natural resources. Study the following data and answer the b. very sincere and hard-working people. questions 9 & 10 c. very strict government . d. invested on its people’s health and education 9. Which category of people has highest percentage of unemployed? 5. You have read about Sakal and Vilas. Sakal a. literate found a job in a private firm While Vilas b. technical diploma not equal to degree continued with the same work of his mother, c. below graduate fishing and remained poor. The reason for d. Technical or education equal to degree or post vulnerable condition of Vilas is, graduate degree a. he neglected his studies b. he was born in a very poor family c. he was caught in vicious circle created by his parents d. he was placed in virtuous cycle created by his parent. 6. What is the main reason for low literacy rate of women in India? a. poverty b. illiteracy c. gender discrimination d. All of these 117

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) 10. What would be the reason for highest number of unemployed among the better qualified? a. mismatch between degrees and requirement b. mismatch between degrees and skills c. Slow rate of economy d. All the above II. Short Answer Questions: 1. What are the steps being taken by the government to improve literacy rate the Indian Government? 2. Population is an asset rather than a liability for an economy. Discuss. 3. Women are not paid for their work at homes and are paid very less when they enter labour market. Give reasons. III. Long Answer Questions: 1. What do you mean by unemployment? What are the problems created, if the unemployment rate is high in a country? 2. Education and health are the two pillars of ‘human capital formation’ of an economy. Ex- plain 118

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. What is Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)? (1 Mark) 6. Write any three steps taken by the government to promote education in India? (3 Marks) 2. What is an indicator of good quality of life?  (1 Mark) 3. Which types of economic activities are included 7. Explain the employment scenario in the three in the primary and secondary sector of an sectors of Indian economy.  (5 Marks) economy?  (1 Mark) 4. What are the two important components of human resource development? (1 Mark) 5. Differentiate between primary, secondary and tertiary activities.  (3 Marks) 119

3. Poverty as a Challenge Learning Outcomes • Know the poverty trends in India. • Know the government initiative to alleviate At the end of this chapter students will be able to: • Understand poverty as a challenge. poverty. • Identify the indicators of poverty. • Know the official concept of poverty in human • Know the global scenario of poverty. poverty. Concept Map Poverty Indications Causes Poverty line Anti-Poverty • Landlessness Measurement • Unemployment • Policies • Calorie • Size of families • Population measurement • High economic • Illiteracy growth • Poor growth • BPL • Income • Target schemes health/malnutrition • Child labour inequality • Helplessness • Socio-cultural economic factors Key Points • The poverty line is estimated periodically (normally every five years) by conducting sample • Poverty is a state of being poor. It is the state of surveys. These surveys are carried out by the not having enough money to take care of basic National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). needs such as food, clothing and housing. • Social groups which are most vulnerable to • Poverty is looked through other social indicators poverty are scheduled caste and scheduled tribe like illiteracy level, lack of general resistance due households. to malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, lack of job opportunities, lack of access to safe drinking • Among the economic groups, the most water, sanitation etc. vulnerable groups are the rural agricultural labour households and the urban casual labour • A common method used to measure poverty is households. based on the income or consumption levels. • Women, children (especially the girl child) and old • Poverty line may vary with time and place. people are poorest of the poor. • Each country uses poverty line as an imaginary • Bihar and Orissa continue to be the two poorest line that is considered appropriate for its existing states. level of development and its accepted minimum social norms. • The proportion of people in developing countries, • In India, poverty line is determined on the basis living in extreme economic poverty— defined by of a minimum level of food requirement, clothing, the World Bank as living on less than $1.25 per footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical day—has fallen from 43 % in 1990 to 22 % in 2008. requirement etc. • The present formula for food requirement while • Poverty declined substantially in China and estimating the poverty line, is based on the de- Southeast Asian countries as a result of rapid sired calorie requirement. economic growth and massive investments in human resource development. 120

3. Poverty as a Challenge • The main causes of poverty in India are low econom- Programme and Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar ic growth during the colonial rule, population explo- Yojna which are aimed at generating self- sion, lack of job opportunities, Irregular low-paying employment opportunities in rural areas. employment, inequitable distribution of resources • Poverty reduction would be possible mainly due and indebtedness. to higher economic growth, increasing stress on universal free elementary education, declining • The current anti-poverty strategy of the population growth, increasing empowerment of government is based broadly on two planks (1) the women and the economically weaker sections promotion of economic growth (2) targeted anti-poverty programmes. • The Government of India has launched several anti-poverty programmes like the Prime Minister Rozgar Yojna, Rural Employment Guarantee Work plan of society. COVERAGE DETAILS PRACTICE SHEET CONCEPT COVERAGE PS-1 Introduction • Meaning of poverty PS-2 • Dimension of poverty PS-3 • Poverty as seen by social scientist PS-4 PS-5 Poverty line • Meaning of poverty line Self-evaluation • Indicators of poverty line in India Sheet • Vulnerable groups Inter-state disparities and • State wise poverty ratio(India) Global Poverty scenario • Global poverty ratio Causes of poverty and • Causes of poverty in India Measures • Anti-poverty measures • The Challenge ahead Worksheet for “Poverty as a Challenge” Evaluation with self-check or Peer check* 121

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) a. Identify the states where the poverty ratio is the highest. 1. What are the main indicators of poverty? 2. How is the poverty defined by social scientists? b. Identify the states where the poverty ratio is 3. What is social exclusion? Give an example. the lowest. 4. What is the vulnerability of poverty? How is it c. How did the states of Punjab and Kerala tackle determind? the poverty? 5. Poverty is a curse upon humanity. Explain. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. What is poverty line? How does a country measure it? 2. Which social and economic groups are most vulnerable to poverty? 3. How is the poverty line determined in India? 4. How is the food requirement estimated in poverty line? 5. How much amount is needed to fulfil minimum calorie requirement in rural and urban areas? PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. Explain briefly the inter-state disparities of poverty in India. 2. Describe the global poverty scenario. 3. Read the graph and answer the following questions: Bihar HiMAmanaUddcthMthhWTyraaaeKaRaralhsaataAmrHjPPPPlirGrrrrllaPnaBaA-raaaauOsaIuessjrtNytddddisnnnhaahjaaeeeestradgssaassdsinkraaamhhaalatnuahbh Kerela PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 5. Write the main aims of the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY). 1. What are the challenges ahead of India with respect to poverty alleviation? 6. What is the Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yozana (PMGY)? 2. Mention the main objectives of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee 7. Despite many policies, the issue of poverty is Act, 2005. still a big problem. Explain this statement. 3. What is the Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana (PMRY)? 4. When was Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) launched? What are the aims? 122

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: 8. In the question given below there are two state- ments marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1. The uniform standard income used by the World Read both the statements carefully and choose Bank for the Poverty Line is _____ PPP. the correct option: a. $ 19.0 Assertion (A): The poverty line is estimated b. $1.90 periodically by NSSSO. c. $190.0 Reason (B): Poverty line, a common method d. ₹ 190 used to measure poverty, is based on Income or consumption levels. 2. The PMGY is launched by the Indian government a. Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct in the year and the Reason is the correct explanation of a. 2005 the Assertion. b. 2003 b. The Assertion and the Reason are correct but c. 2001 the Reason is not the correct explanation of the d. 2000 Assertion. c. Our Assertion is true but the Reason is false. 3. Which of the following measures were taken d. The statement of the Assertion is false but the by the West Bengal government in reduction of Reason is true. poverty? Study the following graph and answer the a. More focus on human resource development. questions 9 & 10 b. Land reform measures c. Public distribution of food grains. 9. How many states have less percentage of poor d. All of the above. than that of the national average? a. 1 4. Which of among the following is not one of the b. 2 dimensions of poverty? c. 6 a. hunger d. 4 b. Landlessness c. Literacy 10. Which of the above mentioned states is the d. Lack of clean water and sanitation facilities most populous one in India? a. UP 5. MGNREGA aims to provide __________ days of b. MP employment in rural areas c. Rajasthan a. 100 d. Chattisgarh b. 150. c. 120 II. Short Answer Questions: d. 130 1. There is a strong link between economic growth 6. Who among the following are regarded as the and poverty reduction. Examine the statement. poorest of the poor and the most vulnerable to 2. Social exclusion can be both a cause as well as poverty? a. SCs consequence of poverty. Explain. b. STs 3. The average calorie requirement for rural areas c. Women, elderly people and female infants of the poor family. is more while in monitory terms it is lower than d. landless labour that of the urban areas. Give reasons. 7. Find the odd one out of the following a. MGNREGA b. Anthyodaya Anna Yojana c. Sarvasiksha Abhiyan d. Swarna Jayanthi Gram Swarojgar Yojana 123

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Even after seventy two years of independence, India could not improve the life of millions of rural poor. Give reasons. 2. The official definition of poverty should be more broader than that of meeting basic necessities of life. Analyse the statement. 124

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. What is poverty? (1 Mark) 6. What steps should be taken to reduce poverty in India? (3 Marks) 2. Name the organisation in India that calculates the poverty line. (1 Mark) 7. State the various anti-poverty programmes. Explain any one of them. (5 Marks) 3. Who are the poorest of the poor?  (1 Mark) 4. What are the social factors which cause the poverty in India? (1 Mark) 5. Mention important indicators used by social scientist to understand poverty? (3 Marks) 125

4. Food Security in India Learning Outcomes • Know the role of Green Revolution in India. • Know about the food security system adopted At the end of this chapter, students will be able to: • Know the meaning of food security. by the government. • Understand the dimensions of food security. • Understand the objectives of Public Distribution • Understand the affects of calamity in food security. • Know the most worst affected groups in terms of System (PDS). • Understand the role of cooperatives in food food and nutritional security. • Know the meaning of hunger and its dimension. security. • Differentiate between chronic and seasonal hunger. • Recognise the importance of food security for a • Analyse how India became self sufficient in food nation. security. • Understand the role of government in ensuring Concept Map food supply. 126

4. Food Security in India Key Points casual type of work. • India has become self–sufficient in food grains • Food security means availability, accessibility and affordability of food to all people at all times. during the last 30 years because of the variety of crops grown all over the country. Also, we have • The poorest section of the society remains food developed a food security system. insecure all the time. People above poverty line • Buffer stock is the stock of food grains (wheat and might also feel food insecure in times of natural rice) procured by the government through the calamity like earthquake, drought, flood, tsunami, Food Corporation of India (FCI).  etc. • PDS refers to a system through which the food procured by the FCI is distributed among the poor • Natural calamities may lead to starvation. through government regulated ration shops. Starvation in longer run, turns into famine. • Rationing was introduced in India around 1940 after the Bengal famine. • A famine is characterised by wide spread deaths • In southern and western parts of the country, the due to starvation and epidemics caused by forced cooperatives are playing an important role in food use of contaminated water or decaying water or security. decaying food and loss of body resistance due to • Mother’s dairy, Amul are some of the success weakening from starvation. stories. • In Maharashtra, Academy of Development Science • The worst affected people in the rural areas are has facilitated a network of NGOs and has set up landless and small farmers, traditional artisans grain banks. (weavers, potters, blacksmith etc.) providers of services (e.g. barbers, washer men etc), petty self-employed workers and destitute. In the urban areas, persons employed in ill-paid occupations and casual labourers are food insecure. • The social composition also plays a role in food insecurity. The SCs, STs and some sections of OBC (lower castes) who are landless or with low land productivity are prone to be food insecure. • Large proportion of pregnant and nursing mothers and children under the age of 5 years constitute an important segment of the food insecure population. • Hunger: Hunger has chronic and seasonal dimensions. Poor people suffer from chronic hunger and are food insecure all the times. Seasonal hunger is caused by the seasonal nature of agricultural activities in rural areas. In urban areas, seasonal hunger occurs because of the 127

4. Food Security in India Work Plan CONCEPT COVERAGE COVERAGE DETAILS PRACTICE SHEET Introduction • Meaning- Food security • Factors on which food security PS – 1 depends • Dimension of food security • Food security and calamity • Meaning of Famine & Starvation • Famine of Bengal in 1943 Food insecure • Role of social composition in food insecurity PS – 2 • Malnutrition among women and children • Meaning of Hunger • Two dimensions of hunger- Chronic and Seasonal • Role of Green revolution especially in Wheat & Rice production Food Security in India & • Food security system designed by Role of cooperative in food government- Buffer stock & PDS security • Role of buffer stock in food security • Function of FCI PS – 3 • Meaning of Minimum Stock Price, Issue Price & PDS • Role of PDS in food security • Meaning of Fair Price Shops & Ration card • Introduction of Rationing in India • Role of cooperatives in food security Worksheet for “Food Security in India” PS – 4 Evaluation with self-check Self-evaluation or Peer check* Sheet 128

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What is food security? 7. In which areas of India has famine caused 2. Who are more vulnerable to food security? deaths due to starvation even today? 3. What factors does food security depend on? 4. What is famine? 8. Explain the dimensions of food security. 5. Who were the most affected by the famine? 9. How is food security ensured in a country? 6. Which was the most devastating famine to have 10. Why is there need for food security? 11. How is food security affected during a calamity? occurred in India? PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. Which are the worst affected groups in terms of 6. What kind of people in urban areas are food food and nutritional insecurity? insecure and why? 2. In which region are food insecure people 7. Why is high incident of malnutrition among disproportionately larger in our country? women a serious matter? 3. Which states of India account for the largest 8. Differentiate between chronic and seasonal number of food insecure people? hunger. 4. What is Green Revolution? 9. How did India become self sufficient in food 5. What is hunger? What are the two kinds of grains since independence? Explain with examples. hunger? 10. Social composition as well as inability to buy PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) food also plays role in food insecurity. Explain this statement. 1. What are the two food security systems adopted by the government? 2. What is buffer stock? 3. What is Minimum Support Price (MSP)? 4. What do you mean by issue price? 5. What is Public Distribution System (PDS)? 6. What are fair price shops? 7. What is ration card? What are the three kinds of ration card? 8. What is Academy of Development Science (ADS)? 9. Why is buffer stock created by the government? 10. Give a brief account of rationing in India. 11. Mention major features of Public Distribution System (PDS). 12. What are the three functions of the FCI? 13. Explain the role of cooperatives in providing food and related items with examples. 129

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: 7. Study the following data and answer the ques- tion. 1. When was the food Security Act passed in India? a. 2015 Which of the above countries could solve their b. 2014 problem of poverty more effectively? c. 2013 a. Sri Lanka d. 2012 b. China c. Pakistan 2. The most devastating famine that occurred in d. All the above India in 1943, killed around thirty lakh people in the province of 8. In the question given below there are two state- a. Madrass ments marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). b. Bengal Read both the statements carefully and choose c. Bombay the correct option: d. North West province Assertion (A): India has become self-sufficient in food grains during the last 30 years. 3. Which of the following states have largest Reason (B): Since the advent of Green Revolution number of food insecure people? the country has avoided famine even during a. Bihar adverse weather conditions. b. Punjab a. Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct c. Tamilnadu and the Reason is the correct explanation of d. Telangana the Assertion. b. The Assertion and the Reason are correct but 4. Identify the ration cards issued for the poorest the Reason is not the correct explanation of the of the poor. Assertion. a. APL Cards c. Our Assertion is true but the Reason is false. b. Antyodaya cards d. The statement of the Assertion is false but the c. BPL cards Reason is true. d. All of these The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the 5. Which of the following is an incorrect option for Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion the given statement? Buffer stocks of food grains are maintained by the government a. to distribute food grains in deficit areas b. to sell for profit c. to solve the problems of food shortage during a calamity d. to sell to poorer sections at issue price 6. The price at which food grains are procured by the government is called a. Issue price b. fair price c. minimum support price d. market price 130

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) Study the following figure and answer the questions 9 & 10. 9. According to the data given above rank of India among the world countries is a. improving b. decreasing c. high d. very low 10. What is the percentage of food insecured people in India’s population? a. 79 b. 97 c. 28.5 d. 46.4 II. Short Answer questions: 1. How is the scheme ‘Antyodaya Anna Yojana’ helpful to provide food security to the poor? 2. Which type of hunger,Chronic or seasonal is more dangerous according to you and why? 3. “Instances of hunger are prevalent despite over- flowing graneries.’ Analyse the statement. III. Long Answer Questions: 1. What are the factors that affect the food security of poor people? 2. Assess the role of Public Distribution System(PDS) in providing food security to the pooor in our country. 131

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. Who released a special stamp entitled ‘Wheat 6. Give a brief account of seasonal hunger. Revolution’ in July 1968? (1 Mark) (3 Marks) 2. What is starvation? (1 Mark) 3. What is FCI? (1 Mark) 7. Write a short note on Famine of Bengal. (5 Marks) 4. Which states achieved the highest growth rate in food grain production during Green Revolution?  (1 Mark) 5. Write the main objectives of Academy of Development Science (ADS)? (3 Marks) 132

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