Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) During winter season, some trees shed all their leaves. Also, the leaves of some trees change the colour. Do you know why they do so? Try to find out. Shedding of leaves Leaves changing colours There are some trees where leaves are not in their normal form. Example; Cactus plant Cactus is one such plant. The leaves of cactus are reduced to spines. Cactus plant with spine Stems and Leaves 45 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___51 / 88
10LESSON Uses of Animals I Will Learn Ⅸ Animal products B Trained animals Ⅶ People who depend on animals ⅳ Kindness towards animals 46 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___52 / 88
Think Have you ever wondered where we get woollen clothes from? Or where does the milk that you drink every morning come from? Remembering We find many animals around us. Some of them are very useful. Animals give us food and other things that we can use. Let us see how animals are useful to us: 1) Some animals and birds provide food. Animals like cows, buffaloes and goats give milk. They are called milch animals. We use milk to drink and to prepare milk products/dairy products. Curd, butter, ghee and cheese are some of the milk products. Cow Buffalo Milk and milk products Birds like hens and ducks give us eggs. The meat of various animals and birds is used as food. Hen and cock Eggs Meat Fish Prawns Some aquatic(water) animals like fish and prawns are also used as food. Uses of Animals 47 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___53 / 88
2) W e get honey from honeycombs. We use honey in food and as medicine. 3) A nimals like sheep and rabbit give us wool. Wool is used to make woollen clothes. They protect us from the cold. Honeycomb Honey Sheep Wool Woollen clothes 4) W e get leather from the skin of animals like cows, pigs, goats, sheep, alligators and kangaroos. Bags, purses and belts are made from leather. We get fur from the skin of some animals like minks, foxes and rabbits. It is used to make purses and coats. Leather from animal skin Bags, purses, shoes, belts Animal fur Fur coat 5) Lac insects give us lac. It is used to make dyes. It is also used to make bangles. Lac insect Lac Lac Bangles 48 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___54 / 88
6) Silkworms give us silk threads. They are used to make silk cloth. Silkworm Silk thread Silk cloth 7) Oyster, a kind of sea animal, gives us pearls. Oyster Pearls 8) A nimal waste is used to produce cooking gas. In village areas, dried cow dung is used as firewood. Dried cow dung used as firewood Understanding We have learnt about the useful things we get from animals. Now, let us discuss about some other uses of animals. Some animals are trained to help humans in their work and transport. 1) Animals like horses, elephants and camels are trained to carry people and goods. Horses and bullocks pull carts. Horse cart Uses of Animals 49 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___55 / 88
There are some places where all the modes of transport do not work. In such places animals like mules and camels help us in transport. Mules are trained to climb hills carrying goods. Animals used for riding Mules carrying goods Camels in the desert Camels can move across the desert sand easily. They are called the ship of the desert. 2) D ogs are trained to help us in many ways. Police train dogs to catch thieves or to smell bombs. Dogs can be trained to guard our houses. They can be trained to help people with special needs like the blind people. Police dog Guide dog Guard dog Bullocks used in farm 3) Some animals are trained to help us in farm work. 4) In a circus, wild animals like elephants, monkeys and parrots are trained to do tricks. Sea animals like dolphins are also used. Nowadays, to stop animal cruelty, circus is not allowed in many countries. 50 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___56 / 88
Monkeys entertaining people Talking parrot Trained dolphin Application We have seen various uses of animals in the form of products, transport and safety. Many people depend on animals for their work. Let us see how. People like milkmen and fishermen depend on animals for their livelihood. Some people rear goats and sheep for their milk and meat. To rear is to take care of animals until they are fully grown. People rear birds like hens and ducks for their meat and eggs. It is called poultry farming. Fish farming Goat farming Poultry farming Monkey charmer People like snake charmers show Snake charmer tricks using snakes to earn money. Some people train and use monkeys to play tricks. Have you seen such animal charmers? How do you feel when you look at those animals? Uses of Animals 51 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___57 / 88
Human beings used to hunt wild animals for food since ancient times. We came to know about it through the rock paintings. Have you seen any such ancient rock paintings? Ancient rock painting Amazing Facts An Indian sheep can yield about 5 kg wool per year. This roughly means fourteen sweaters can be made using the wool of one Indian sheep every year! Indian sheep Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) So far, we have seen that animals are very useful to us. In our country, people worship animals like cows, elephants, snakes and so on. This is to respect their usefulness to us. We should treat all animals with kindness. We should not hurt them. We should take care of the animals around us. Here are some ways to take care of animals: 1) W e should give enough food and water to the reared animals. We should keep them in clean and airy shelters. 2) We should not put heavy loads on the animals used for transport. We should not beat them. 3) We should not hurt them while training. 4) W e should keep them healthy and get them regularly checked by an animal doctor (veterinarian). These days, killing wild animals for their skin, fur, nails, horns or tusks is not allowed as per the law. Keeping them in a cage is also not allowed. 52 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___58 / 88
Inside the Lab - B Please do not try these activities on your own. Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity B1: My Lava Lamp A lava lamp is a tube-shaped light. It has a coloured, oily liquid that flows up and down. Let us try to build a lava lamp. It is very easy and a lot of fun! You will need: A cup of water, a clear plastic bottle, vegetable oil, food Lava lamps colouring, ENO fruit salt (or other antacid tablets), glitter (optional). You need to: 1) Pour water into the plastic bottle until it is around one-quarter full. 2) Pour the vegetable oil until the bottle is nearly full. 3) Wait until the oil and water have separated. 4) Add around twelve drops of food colouring to the bottle. You can add glitter too. 5) Watch as the food coloring falls through the oil and mixes with the water. 6) Add some ENO into the bottle; things should start getting a little crazy, just like a real lava lamp! 7) When the bubbling stops, add some more ENO and enjoy the changes. 8) You can shine a torch behind or underneath your lava lamp to see it glow. Inside the lab - B 53 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___59 / 88
How do you get the movement inside the lava lamp? When we add ENO, it mixes with water to form carbon dioxide gas. This gas causes colour bursts and movements inside the lava lamp. [Note: Oral intake of ENO or antacid tablets should be strictly avoided during the activity.] Activity B2: Leaves Leaves Everywhere! We see many different types of leaves around us. They differ in colour, shape, size, arrangement and so on. Go for a nature walk to a local park or a garden in your school premises to see the different types of leaves. You will need: A paper bag, a pencil, an eraser and a set of colour pencils. You need to: Different types of leaves 1) Take a paper bag and collect as many types of leaves as you can. 2) Make sure that you pick 3-4 leaves of the same plant. 3) Now group all the leaves by shapes, arrangements and edges(as shown in the picture). 4) In your notebook, trace the shapes of the leaves Trace and paint leaves that you have collected and grouped. 5) Colour the leaves with your favourite colours. 6) Show your colourful leaf journal to your friends. 54 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___60 / 88
11LESSON Food Diversity I Will Learn Ⅸ Food diversity B Reasons for food diversity Ⅶ Changes in the food habits of people ⅳ Important food crops in India JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___61 / 88
Think Have you noticed what your friends bring for lunch daily? Is it the same kind of food which you bring from home? Remembering You might have seen that your friends bring different dishes for lunch. At home, we take different types of food for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The food we eat on different days is also not the same. The food which people eat regularly in larger quantity is called staple food. The staple food is not the same in different places. For example, rice is the staple food in southern India whereas wheat is the staple food in northern India. 1) People in southern India may prefer idli, dosa and rice. 2) P eople in the north may like roti, paratha and dal. 3) People in the east may eat more of fish, dal and rice. 4) People in western India may enjoy pav bhaji, thepla and so on. Food in different states is different too. For example, in Punjab, people prefer lassi and paranthas. In West Bengal, people like fish curry and rice. Let us see what people eat in different countries. In China, people eat rice, noodles and so on. In the United States of America (USA), the popular food items are hot dogs and burgers. In Italy, people eat pizza, pasta and so on. 56 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___62 / 88
Chinese food Rice Noodles American food Italian food Hot dog Burger Pizza Pasta Understanding There is a variety of food across places. Now, let us find out the reasons behind this diversity in food. 1) Availability of raw food: The weather and the climate of A crop is a plant a place help in the growth of some specific food crops. For grown for food, clothes, medicines example, in areas of heavy rainfall, rice and coconut are or any other uses. grown. People in these areas eat more rice. Cooked Chutney Bread rice Idli Coconut Cookies barfi Rice plants Coconut trees Wheat plants In areas of low rainfall, wheat, bajra and jowar are grown. So, people eat rotis made from the flour of these grains. Food Diversity 57 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___63 / 88
Roti Roti Fish fry Khichdi Laddu Prawn curry Bajra plants Jowar plants Fishes In coastal areas, fish is available in abundance. Seafood like fish is common in these regions. 2) Culture and tradition: People from different cultures eat different food. We celebrate festivals by making special types of food. For example, • during Eid, people make biryani, kebabs and sweets. • Christmas is celebrated with a variety of meat dishes, cakes and cookies. • Bhog is a special food prepared during Durga puja. • People make Modak during Ganesh festival. • Pongal is another festival food prepared during the Tamil festival of Tai Pongal. Eid Christmas Kebabs Christmas Biryani turkey Sweets Cookies Cake Durga puja Ganesh festival Tai Pongal Bhog Modak Pongal 58 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___64 / 88
3) Cooking methods: Food also differs because of the cooking methods used. Boiled rice and fried rice is very different. In the same way, chappatis and puris look and taste different. Boiled rice Fried rice Chappatis Puris Earlier, people used to eat only those food which grew in the place they lived. Food from other places were not available to them easily. These days, food from different places are easily available to us. Application We have seen various reasons for food diversity. But sometimes, food habits differ because of the needs of the body. 1) Work habits: Food habits also depend on the type of work people do. For example, people doing a lot of physical work need more of energy rich food. 2) Age: According to the age of the people, different types of food are prepared at home. For example, baby food differs from the food grown-up people eat. A new-born baby drinks Food of an adult person Baby food only milk. School-going children need a variety of food items to grow. Very old people eat soft food like roti soaked in milk or dal-rice. 3) Seasons: Our food habits also change according to the seasons. In summer, we eat more fruits and vegetable dishes. In winter, we take food and drinks that keep us warm. Find out the different types of seasonal food available in your place. Food Diversity 59 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___65 / 88
Winter food Summer food 4) Health: Food habits also change according to health conditions. When you are ill, you eat less food. Your parents may give you soups, light food with less oil and so on. Amazing Facts Tomato, potato, sugar and chilli are not originally from India. They were brought to India by the Portuguese. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) You have learnt that one of the reasons behind food diversity is the variety of crops. The major crops in India can be divided into four groups: 1) Food grains such as rice, maize, wheat and so on 2) Fruits and vegetables 3) Cotton, jute, sugarcane and tobacco 4) Tea, coffee, coconut and rubber Find out the different types of crops grown in your area. Also, learn about the changes in the crops grown throughout the year. 60 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___66 / 88
12LESSON Types of Houses I Will Learn Ⅸ Different types of houses B Reasons behind diversity in houses Ⅶ Keeping our houses clean ⅳ Effects of extreme weather on houses Types of Houses 61 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___67 / 88
Think We see different types of houses around us. What kind of house do you live in? Did your grandparents ever tell you what type of house they lived in? Remembering All of us need a place to live in. We live in houses. The houses in olden times were different from the Cave Hut ones we live in today. Earlier, human beings used to live in caves. Then, they learnt to build houses. They used mud, wood and leaves to build them. These houses are called kutcha houses. They are not strong enough to face heavy winds or rain. Example: hut As time went on, people learned to build pucca houses. These are built with bricks, cement, wood, iron rods, steel and stones. Pucca houses are stronger than kutcha houses. Example: bungalows and flats(apartments) Bungalow Apartments Understanding Houses vary from place to place. The types of houses found in any place depend on many factors. 62 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___68 / 88
REASONS BEHIND HOUSE DIVERSITY 1) The climatic condition of the place: People make houses which suit the climate of that area. For example, in the areas with heavy rainfall, houses have sloping roofs. The rain water can drain easily from such roofs. Stilt house Stilt houses are also found in places House with sloping of heavy rainfall. They are commonly roof seen by river sides. These houses are made with bamboo. They are built at Igloo a height from ground to prevent water entering the house. In extremely cold regions, people build dome-shaped houses using blocks of snow. The dome shape helps to keep it warm inside. These houses are called Igloos(snow houses). 2) The lifestyle of the people: According to lifestyle, people need different types of houses. In villages, people build houses to suit their farming needs. Village house These houses may have some special areas like cattle sheds, storage places for grains and so on. In cities, the lifestyle is different. So people live in flats. Moreover, in cities, there is less land available to build houses. So, multi-storeyed apartments with many flats are common in cities. Multi-storeyed apartments Tree houses are built by the people living in forests and jungles. They give protection from wild animals. Tree house Some people wander from place to place in search of their livelihood. They are called nomads. These people live in tents. Types of Houses 63 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___69 / 88
Nomads Tents Groups of people travelling together use houses on wheels called caravans. A caravan may be pulled by an animal, a car or a truck. We can find houseboats in places having many lakes and Caravan rivers. A houseboat is a boat Houseboat which is designed to be used as a home. Building big houses needs a lot of money. Sometimes, people may not have enough money to build them. So , they construct smaller houses. You have learnt about some reasons behind the diversity in houses. Do all people have houses to live in? There are some people who cannot afford to have People using public houses. You must have seen homeless people. Roadside place as shelter or any such public place becomes a house for them. We should be kind to them. Application You have learnt about the different types of houses. A house is necessary for all of us. We should take good care of it. HOW TO MAINTAIN OUR HOUSES 1) To be healthy, we need sunlight and fresh air inside our houses. So, we should keep windows open to let in sunlight and fresh air. 64 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___70 / 88
2) O ur house should be free from dirt and dust. We should sweep and mop the floor daily. Walls should be kept clean. All the rooms should be kept neat and tidy. 3) G arbage should be thrown in the dustbin. Dustbins should regularly be emptied. 4) Dirty water should not be allowed to collect near the house. Otherwise, disease-causing mosquitoes will lay eggs in it. This will cause diseases. 5) T he toilets, bathrooms and washbasins should be cleaned from time to time. This will prevent the growth of germs. Amazing Facts The tallest building in the world is in Dubai. Its name is Burj Khalifa. It has 163 floors above ground. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Some extreme weather conditions can cause damage to houses. For example, heavy rain, powerful winds, shaking of the ground(earthquake) and so on. These may make people homeless. Houses damaged due to extreme weather conditions Have you ever heard of any such condition? Types of Houses 65 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___71 / 88
What happens when people lose their houses? They need to live in temporary shelters. They are taken care of by the government. What will happen to the animal shelters in such cases? Find out. Temporary shelter (camp) SPECIAL HOMES Have you ever heard about orphanages? They are the special shelters for children who have lost their parents and family. Old age home is another such special home. It is a shelter for old people who do not have anyone else to take care of them. Orphanage Old age home 66 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___72 / 88
13LESSON Travel with Family I Will Learn Ⅸ Planning a tour B Need for travel Ⅶ Travelling for adventure ⅳ Travelling with friends Travel with Family 67 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___73 / 88
Think Does your family go for holidays to new places? You must have seen your parents packing everything carefully before going for holidays. Do you know how they plan for a tour? Remembering During holidays, people travel with their family and friends to different places. Usually, people visit new places when they go on tours. When we visit a new place, we may not know where to go and what to do. We may not even know the type of clothes suitable for that place. So, it is important to plan for tours in advance. Let us now learn how to plan for a tour. PLANNING A TOUR 1) Decide duration: We first need to decide the number of days for the tour. We should not plan a tour during school days. 2) Decide the place: We decide the place according to the season, things to do and the money we can spend. For example, visiting hill stations is ideal during summers. 3) Decide the mode of travel: We can travel by road, rail or air. We need to book bus, train or plane tickets Different modes of transport accordingly. 4) Choose the place to stay: We need to book a hotel room to stay in. If we have any relatives or family friends there, we can stay with them too. 5) Packing things: We should pack our bags well in advance. Our bags should be light so that they can be easily carried. But we must remember to carry important things like our ID cards, tickets, important documents and medicines. We must also 68 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___74 / 88
carry our clothes, toiletries (brushes, combs, toothbrush and toothpaste). Sometimes, we may even need to carry umbrellas, warm clothes, swimsuits and food. We may also take a camera to record the memories of the trip. Things to be carried while packing for travel Understanding We have learnt, to plan tours. Travelling for refreshment Let us now find why people travel. Celebrating festivals with extended People travel for various reasons. family members NEED FOR TRAVEL Different people and their cultures 1) Refreshment: Everybody gets tired or bored of daily activities. It is good to go on a tour to get refreshed. 2) Meet extended family members: People may also travel to visit their extended families. They may celebrate festivals or special occasions together during holidays. 3) Gain knowledge: Some people travel to learn about different places, people and their cultures. 4) Job and Business: Some people travel to far-away places for work. 5) Religious tours: Some people travel to places of religious importance. Travel with Family 69 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___75 / 88
Application We have learnt that people travel with their Hiking Mountaineering family for refreshment, knowledge, business and so on. But there are some people who travel with their family for an adventure. They go hiking, mountaineering or camping. They may also take part in different adventure sports. Some of the adventure sports are given below: • A dventure sports are dangerous. • We should carry proper safety equipment to perform them. • They should not be performed without expert supervision. • W ithout proper guidance, they can cause serious injuries. Amazing Facts Ladakh is one of the most famous tourist places in India. Pangong Pangong Tso lake Tso lake situated in Ladakh is the largest lake in India. The water in the lake appears to have multiple colours. It displays shades of blue, green and sometimes red. It has been featured in some popular movies too. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) We may not always go out with our family. Sometimes, we travel with our classmates or friends. Have you ever been to a school picnic or excursion? Where did you go and what did you do? 70 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___76 / 88
Communication 14LESSON without Speaking I Will Learn Ⅸ Communication and its types B Types of gestures and expressions Ⅶ Sign language ⅳ Braille language Communication without 71 Speaking JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___77 / 88
Think Have you watched cartoon movies like Tom and Jerry? They don’t have any dialogues. How do we understand the story? Remembering We use words or actions to share our thoughts with others. This process of sharing thoughts, ideas and feelings with people is called communication. Sometimes, the look on our face changes to show what we feel. Communication is mainly of two types — saying with words and saying without words. Communication with words involves speaking and writing. Communication without words involves gestures and expressions. You must have seen a traffic police on the road. How does he or she control the traffic? Either by using hand movements or by blowing a whistle. Does he or she say anything while controlling the traffic? Still, people understand what is to be done. We use movements of hands, shoulders and Gestures of traffic police head to communicate. Such movements, that help people understand without speaking anything, are called gestures. Sometimes, people can only look at our face and tell whether we are feeling happy, sad or angry. How do they understand this? They know our feelings because the look on our face shows a particular emotion. These are called expressions. These are some of the examples of expressions. Expressions 72 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___78 / 88
Understanding Let us understand the different gestures and expressions we use to communicate. Here are a few examples of gestures. Nod your Shake your head (yes) head (no) 1) Nod or shake your head: Sometimes, you just nod or shake your head. It is the gesture to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. 2) Waving or tapping your fingers: You wave your hand and your friends understand you are saying ‘hello’. You clap your hands to appreciate something others do or say. Now, let us see the different types of expressions Saying Hello Clap your hands we use. Some commonly used expressions are smiling, frowning, winking, opening eyes or mouth, raising eyebrows and so on. 1) When you are happy, you have a smile on your face. 2) W hen a baby starts crying, the mother Crying Smiling understands that he/she is hungry, sleepy or hurt. 3) When we are excited or shocked, we use expressions like opening eyes or mouth widely. 4) We wink to signal that we are joking about something. 5) Raising our eyebrows might communicate that we are surprised. It may also mean that we don’t believe what we are hearing. Winking Opening eyes and mouth Communication without 73 Speaking JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___79 / 88
Gestures and expressions are also used while dancing and acting. Indian classical dancers, use various ‘mudras’(gestures) and ‘abhinayas’(expressions) to tell stories. Indian classical dancers Kathakali Odissi Bharatanatyam Mudras Application Do you know how to play the game of ‘dumb charades’? How do you express your ideas in it? We use signs for different letters, words and so on. A sign language can be used to communicate. It is mainly used by the people who have a speaking or a hearing disability. They communicate using gestures, combining hand shapes and expressions on the face. 74 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___80 / 88
Sign language People who have a speaking or a hearing disability find it difficulty to express themselves properly. They have to depend on others. We should not make fun of them. We should help them by using gestures while communicating. Amazing Facts The earliest form of written communication was in the form of pictographs — symbols and marks which represented objects. Symbols and marks Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) We learnt about the sign language used by the people having a speaking disability. Some people can speak, but cannot see. They use the ‘Braille’ language. This language has patterns of raised dots that can be felt with fingertips. Do you know who developed this language? Braille alphabets Communication without 75 Speaking JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___81 / 88
Inside the Lab - C Please do not try these activities on your own. Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity C1: Cuisines of Different States India is a diverse country. It has so many cultures. Each state has its traditional cuisine. You will need: 2-3 sheets of paper, a pencil or pen You need to: 1) Divide the students into groups so that each group has at least one student from a different state. Each group should have one sheet of paper. 2) A sk the students to discuss and Cuisines of different states collect the information given in the subsequent points. 3) A sk him/her about a famous food of the state he/she belongs to. 4) Note down its recipe. 5) Ask why is it famous. 6) What are the local ingredients used in it? 7) How is it suitable for the people of that state? 8) You can record your findings on a sheet like this. 9) Stick a picture if you get one. 76 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___82 / 88
Name of the dish Dosa State Tamil Nadu Ingredients Half cup urad dal (split black lentils) 1 cup raw rice (chawal) Ghee for cooking Method of 1) C ombine the urad dal and rice and soak it in enough preparation water for 4 hours. 2) D rain the urad dal and rice and blend in a mixer to a smooth paste using approx. 1 cup of water. 3) T ransfer the mixture to the same bowl; add the salt and mix well. 4) C over and ferment in a warm place for 12 hours. 5) H eat a non-stick tawa. 6) P our a ladleful of the batter on it and spread it in a circular motion. Smear a little ghee over it and along the edges and cook on a high flame till the dosa turns brown in colour and crisp. 7) F old over to make a semi-circle or a roll. Reasons for it Because it is easy to ferment batter in southern Indian being famous climate Local Ingredients Rice used Compare the recipes of different states from your classmates. Do you find different recipes using the same ingredients? Inside the lab - C 77 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___83 / 88
Activity C2: Make Your Script Script You will need: Two sheets of paper and a pencil or pen. You need to: 1) The teacher writes the letter of the alphabet from A-Z on the board. 2) The students suggest a symbol for each letter of the alphabet. Some suggestions are: @ $ <& 3) Write few sentences about yourself in English. 4) Now write them in the new script on a different paper. 5) Make pairs with your bench-mate and exchange the new script papers. 6) T he other partner decodes those sentences and writes them down in simple English. 7) The students again interchange papers. 8) They check if their partners have correctly translated. Such coded languages are used in the army, navy and air force to share information between them. Code language helps them communicate without the information being known to the common people. 78 JSNR_BGM_1010021_Alpine-G3-FoundationMax-Science-FY_Text.pdf___84 / 88
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