202110230-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G08-PART2

SESSION 10 THE DEAD RAT – READING 10.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun vagabond stroll a person who has no a slow relaxed walk home and usually no job, and travels from one place to another generosity capital the nature of giving money or property money, time, gifts, kind- ness, etc. prey menace - an animal, bird etc., that something that is likely is hunted and eaten by to cause harm another animal Adjective incessant never stopping, especially in an annoying or unpleasant way UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 100

Verb LESSON 3-THE DEAD RAT abscond soak escape; or to go away keep something covered suddenly and secretly with a liquid for a lot of in order to escape from time duty eke out earn 10.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This is the story of Ratnanka. Madananka, a young merchant, lived in Ujjain with his mother. His mother brought him up with such love and affection that he turned out to be a vagabond. Even though he managed to marry a girl he still remained the same. He left his house and in his absence his wife gave birth to a son whom she named Ratnanka. Ratnanka was brought up with great affection and care and was given a good education. When he was 10, his grandmother asked him to go do a business for his living. So, Ratnanka set off to meet a well–known and helpful merchant called Yakshadatta and requested him to lend him some money for business and also promised to repay the amount. But Yakshadatta didn’t take Ratnanka’s words seriously and showing him a dead rat lying on the street, he told him that he could only lend him the dead rat as capital. He tells Ratnanka that to an intelligent man, that dead rat alone could fetch millions, but to an unintelligent man, even if he lent millions of rupees, it would be of no use. Ratnanka took it as a favour from Yakshadatta and sold the dead rat to a merchant who was taming a cat, as its prey. The merchant, in exchange for the dead rat, gave Ratnanka a handful of Bengal gram which he took and soaked in water. He added some salt and pepper to the swollen Bengal gram. He then went into the city and offered each woodcutter some Bengal gram and cold water. Pleased with Ratnanka’s service, the wood-cutters gave him two pieces of firewood each. Ratnanka then sold those pieces of firewood for two rupees and gave one rupee to his grandmother as a saving and bought a kuncham of Bengal gram with the other rupee. This he soaked in water for the night, added salt and pepper to the swollen Bengal gram and again distributed it to all the woodcutters in the city along with some cold water. This he did every day and collected cart–loads of fuel which fetched him a 100 gold coins. With this, he opened a firewood stall and in no time became a leading merchant in the city. As a token of gratitude towards Yakshadatta for his favour towards him, Ratnanka purchased a gold rat and with huge pomp he went towards Yakshadatta’s residence in a procession. He then told Yakshadatta that he had became a millionaire only by his grace and thanked him wholeheartedly and also asked him to accept the gold rat as a symbol of his gratitude. On hearing this, Yakshadatta was very pleased with Raananka’s intelligence and gratitude and graciously accepted the golden rat. UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 101

SESSION 11 THE DEAD RAT – LITERATURE 11.1 Literature - QA Q1. What did the mother do to make Madananka normal and settled in life? A. The mother hoped that Madananka would become normal and settle down if he was married, and so, she found a suitable girl and married him to that girl. Q2. What kind of a man was Yakshadatta? A. Yakshadatta was a well–to–do merchant who lent money to the poor. He was a kind and a generous man. He showed generosity in helping the needy and the poor. Q3. What did Ratananka do with the dead rat? A. Ratananka took the dead rat as a favour from Yakshadatta. He made a cup out of a leaf and placed the dead rat in that cup. He carried it through streets crying “A rat for sale!” One merchant purchased that dead rat as a prey for his cat and gave him a handful of Bengal gram. Q4. How did the firewood which Ratananka had collected fetch him a hundred gold coins? A. Ratananka collected many cart–loads of fuel by offering woodcutters soaked Bengal gram. Fortunately, there were incessant rains for ten days and as a result, there was a scarcity of fire-wood in the city. At that time, he sold away all the firewood. That is how the firewood which Ratananka had collected fetched him a hundred gold coins. Q5. How did Ratananka show his gratitude to Yakshadatta? A. Ratananka got a rat (weighing one kilo) made out of gold. Its eyes were made of rubies, ears of sapphires and it had a diamond chain round its neck. It was kept in a silver tray and was carried in a procession with pomp. Ratananka wanted to repay his debt to Yakshadatta in the shape of the golden rat. So, when the procession reached Yakhsadatta’s house, he requested Yakshadatta to accept the golden rat as a symbol of his gratitude. Q6. How did Ratananka help the woodcutters? A. Ratananka soaked some Bengal gram, added some salt and pepper to it, and offered each woodcutter some Bengal gram and cold water. The woodcutters were very thankful for his service. UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 102

SESSION 12 THE DEAD RAT – STUDY AND LISTENING 12.1 Study and Listening Study Skills Q1. Read the biographical write–up on Dr Kotnis again and write the timeline of the events referred to. A few events are shown here. i. 1910 –Kotnis was born ii. 1976 –Chinese Government built a memorial hall for Dr Kotnis A. i. 1910 –Kotnis was born. ii. 1937 –Kotnis went on medical expeditions to Vietnam, Singapore and Brunei iii. 1938 –Kotnis was sent to China as the part of Indian Medical Mission Team. iv. 1940 –Dr Kotnis did operations for 72 hours non–stop. v. 1941 –Kotnis married Guo Qinglan, a Chinese woman. vi. 1942 –Kotnis had a son. vii. 1942 –Kotnis died of epilepsy. viii. 1945 –Khwaja Abbas Ahmed wrote Kotnis’ biography ‘One who never Returned’. ix. 1946 –V. Shantaram screened the movie, ‘Dr Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani’. x. 1976 –Chinese Government built a memorial hall for Dr Kotnis. xi. 1982 –China honoured Dr Kotnis with a stamp. xii. 1983 –India honoured Dr Kotnis with a stamp. xiii. 2005 –Kotnis’ grave covered in flowers during Qingming to commemorate his services. UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 103

SESSION 14 THEME - GRATITUDE – SELF - ASSESSMENT 14.1 Self-Assessment How well have I understood this unit? Read and tick (√) in the appropriate box. Indicators Yes Somewhat No I read and understood the text. A. Dr Dwarakanath Kotnis B. Be Thankful (Poem) C. The Dead Rat I was able to know the meanings of phrases and write them in my own sentences given under 'Vocabulary'. I was able to identify and understand combining the sentences with coordinate and subordinate conjunctions given under ‘Grammar’. I was able to identify and write the headlines of news given under 'Writing'. I was able to write an article for the activity given under ‘Writing’. I was able to prepare a vote of thanks given under 'Oral Activity'. I listened to and understood ‘An announcement in a school’ and answered the questions given under ‘Listening’. I was able to interviewold people and write a report given under ’Project Work’. UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 104

DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS ---------- CCE BASED PRACTICE QUESTIONS------------ CHAPTER -1: DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS !%
% &$'( %)!&% %)% )) ))!&%  Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. A young man while roaming in the desert came across a spring of delicious crystal-clear water. The water was so sweet that he filled his leather can in order to bring some back to a tribal elder who had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, he presented the water to the old man, who took a deep drink, smiled warmly and thanked his student lavishly for the sweet water. The young man returned to his village with a happy heart. Later, the teacher gave some water from the can to another student to taste it. He spat it out, saying it was awful. It apparently had become stale because of the old leather container. The student challenged his teacher: “Master, the water was foul. Why did you pretend to like it?” The teacher replied, “You just tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply a pack for an act of loving-kindness and nothing could be sweeter.” I. Choose the right answer. 1. The spring of water that the young man came across in the desert was ______. [ ] ] A. salty and tasty B. foul and awful ] C. tasty and tangy D. sweet and delicious 2. What is the passage about? [ A. love B. gifts C. water D. gratitude 3. The water tasted bad to the student because: [ A. It had become stale after four days. B. It was well water. C. There was sand in it. D. He had a sore mouth. II. Answer the following questions. 1. Why did the young man fill his leather can? UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 105

DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS 2. Why did the young man return to his village happily? 3. Why did the teacher pretend to like the water? &+#(, ))!&%  I. Write four words that belong to and that you can associate with the following words. 1. sports – 2. teacher – 3. army – 4. park – II. Match the following idioms to their meanings. AB 1. eagle eye a. someone’s favourite person 2. in the blink of an eye b. wide-eyed with surprise 3. apple of (someone’s) eye c. in one’s imagination 4. close one’s eyes to something d. a very watchful eye 5. all eyes e. very quickly 6. in one’s mind’s eye f. to ignore something UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 106

DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS III. Correct the errors in the numbered sentences and write them down. (1) It was while working with the soldiers that Dr. Kotnis loss his heart to a Chinese woman, Guo Qinglan. (2) They were working in the same hospital were Dr. Kotnis was a doctor and Guo, a nurse In November 1941, Kotnis married Guo and a son was born on August 23, 1942. (3) They named the boy “Yin Hua” combing the Chinese characters “Yin” for India and “Hua” for China. (4) He worked as one lecturer for some time in the Military area at the Dr. Bethune Hygiene School. (5) He took over the post of the first president of the Bethune International Peace Hospital after Dr. Norman Bethune passed out. IV. Answer the questions below based on your reading of the passage following the directions. In one long-drawn out battle against Japanese troops in 1940, Dr. Kotnis did operations for 72 hours non-stop without any sleep and his small team conducted 50 operations every day for a fortnight. In those harsh times, Mrs. Guo proved an ideal soul mate but was modest about her contribution. Dr. Kotnis played a major role in controlling a virulent strain of plague that hit Chinese soldiers. In the process, he did not fall back from trying out a vaccine on himself. 1. What is the meaning of: a. modest b. virulent 2. What part of speech is the word: from? 3. Make a sentence using the word ‘contribution’. UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 107

DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS 4. Dr. Kotnis played a major role in controlling a virulent strain of plague that hit Chinese soldiers (Change into Past Perfect Tense.) ($$( ))!&%  I. Read the following sentences. Identify and underline the clauses and state whether they are main clauses or subordinate clauses. 1. We went for a movie but they went to the water park. 2. If you start early you will reach on time. 3. The cat ran after the rat and killed it. 4. He was not well yet he went to school. 5. Whenever I come across that elderly person, I greet him. Main Clauses Subordinate Clauses II. Fill in the blanks using the given choices. Write only letters (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) as your answers. The ______ (1) tale was to continue even after Dr. Kotnis death. Their son Yin Hua _________ (2) was three months old when Dr. Kotnis died, also passed away when he was just 25. Mrs. Kotnis moved to Dalian in the 60s and lived there since. ________ (3) the two premature deaths, Mrs. Kotnis never let ________ (4) cover her India connection. She visited the country ________ (5) half a dozen times and maintained her links with the Kotnis family. UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 108

DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS 1. A. sadness B. tragedy C. bad D. tragic [] 2. A. he B. which C. that D. who [] 3. A. Despite B. Inspite C. Though D. But for [] 4. A. dust B. weeds C. pride D. Chinese [] 5. A. some B. at least C. minimum D. maximum [] Conventions of Writing ))!&%  I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks he was vivacious and liked singing sometimes i couldn’t stop laughing when he told jokes said guo recalling Kotnis with a smile Creative Writing ))!&% I. Write a headline for the following news reports. Remember to pick out only the main idea or words from the sentence. 1. Vijayawada: Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu on Saturday directed the Krishna district administration to remove all encroachments on the canal bunds in the city and facilitate its beautification. The Govt. has an ambitious plan to spend Rs.1500crore for beautification of Vijayawada. 2. Hyderabad: Two youngsters from Uttar Pradesh were caught by the Government Railway Police (GRP) for allegedly carrying two illegal firearms (a double and a single barrelled weapon in their bags at the Secunderabad railway station on Saturday. UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 109

DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS II. Observe the picture and write in about 120 words the thoughts that come to your mind (Hints: The NCC Cadet Corps – Marching – Salutes to the Chief Guest – an Independence Day celebration in school – trained cadets – dignified posture – banner and podium all in the Indian flag colour) UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 110

BE THANKFUL CHAPTER -2: BE THANKFUL !%
% &$'( %)!&% %)% &$ ))!&% Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow. Be Grateful -by Edgar Albert Guest Be grateful for the kindly friends that walk along your way: Be grateful for the skies of blue that smile from day to day; Be grateful for the health you own, the work you find to do, For round about you there are men less fortunate than you. Be grateful for the growing trees, the roses soon to bloom, The tenderness of kindly hearts that shared your days of gloom; Be grateful for the morning dew, the grass beneath your feet, The soft caresses of your babes and all their laughter sweet. Acquire the grateful habit, learn to see how blest you are, How much there is to gladden life, how little life to mar! And what if rain shall fall today and you with grief are sad; Be grateful that you can recall the joys that you have had. I. Choose the right answer. 1. Among the things to be grateful about, which of the following have not been mentioned by the poet? [] A. parents B. friends C. health D. grass 2. We should be grateful for even the smallest of things we have because _________ ] [ A. it is good manners to be thankful B. God wants us to have gratitude C. there are many who are less fortunate than us D. being grateful, we will get more UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 111

BE THANKFUL II. Write rhyming words for the following words from the poem. Words Meanings Way Do Bloom Feet UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 112

THE DEAD RAT CHAPTER -3: THE DEAD RAT !%
% &$'( %)!&% %)% )) ))!&%  Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. One day in the forest, a woodcutter saw an eagle caught in a net and calling for help. The woodcutter freed the eagle, which thanked him and flew away. A few days later, the woodcutter was sitting on a small mound and having his lunch. Suddenly the same eagle came and swooped at his food. The woodcutter leapt to save his lunch. But he lost his balance and rolled down the mound. Seeing the eagle, the woodcutter immediately recognised it to be the same one had helped. He felt very angry, but the eagle said, “Sir, a poisonous snake was just behind you to bite you when you were having the food. So I saved your life from the poisonous snake as you had saved me from the net. I have thanked you this way.” Then the woodcutter saw the snake where he had been sitting and thanked the eagle. Blessings, no matter how insignificant they seem, are still worth our gratitude. I. Choose the right answer. 1. The strange sound that the woodcutter heard was that of____ [ ] ] A. a snake B. an eagle C. a rat D. the wind ] 2. What is the passage about? [ A. the woodcutter’s kindness B. being cautious of danger C. gratitude D. the eagle’s intelligence 3. The wood cutter saw the eagle: [ A. high in the sky B. caught in a net C. hunting in the trees D. wounded on the ground II. Answer the following questions. 1. How did the woodcutter help the eagle? 2. What made the woodcutter roll down the mound? UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 113

THE DEAD RAT 3. What would have happened if the eagle hadn’t swooped down at the woodcutter’s food? &+#(, ))!&%  I. Correct the errors in the numbered sentences and write them down. Ratnanka approached him and said, “(1) Sir, I the poor merchant boy. (2) My father deserted us before I am born. (3) My grandmother and my mother has brought me up with great difficulty. (4) We have heard of your fame and generousity in helping people of our poor status. (5) I request you to lend me any money for business and I promise to repay the amount soon.” II. Rewrite the words of the passage following the directions “Lo my boy! That dead rat is the capital which I can lend you. You take it away and do some trade with it. To an intelligent man it will fetch millions and even if I give millions to an unintelligent man it will be of no use. Ratnanka thought for a minute and then took the dead rat as a favour from Yakshadatta. He made a cup of a leaf and placed the dead rat in that cup. He carried it though streets crying, “A rat for sale!” One merchant, who was taming a cat in order to get rid of the rats that were a menace in his shop, purchased that dead rat as prey for his cat and gave him a handful of Bengal gram. 1. What is the meaning of: a. capital b. menace: 2. What part of speech is the word: dead? 114 UNIT 8 GRATITUDE

THE DEAD RAT 3. Make a sentence using the word ‘fetch’. 4. That dead rat is the capital which I can lend you. (Change into past) ($$( ))!&% I. Fill in the blanks using the given choices. Write only letters (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) as your answers. The next morning, he added some salt and pepper to the ______ (1) and swollen Bengal gram, took drinking water in an ______ (2) pitcher, went outside the city and sat under the shade of a tree and offered __________ (3) woodcutter some Bengal gram and cold water. The hungry and thirsty woodcutters were pleased with Ratnanka’s service and ______ (4) him two pieces of firewood each. By evening the pieces piled up into a big _______________ (5), which Ratnanka sold away for two rupees in the city. 1. A. soaked B. soaking C. fried D. roasted [ ] 2. A. earth B. clay C. glass D. earthen [ ] 3. A. all B. each C. some D. one [] 4. A. gave B. give C. energetic D. travel [ ] 5. A. group B. bundle C. heap D. mass [ ] Conventions of Writing ))!&%  I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. ratnanka addressed yakshadatta thus sir i became a millionaire by your grace two years back when i came to you for a loan you gave me a dead rat UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 115

THE DEAD RAT Creative Writing ))!&%  I. Janaki is an orphan. She is staying in an orphanage. Her warden is a very unkind person. One day the warden locked Janaki up in a tiny dark room as punishment for a small mistake she had committed. She stayed alone all day and night. She recalled her memories and wept. Imagine that you have seen Janaki locked up in your neighbourhood. Write a letter to ‘Save Our Soul’ (SOS) organisation with a request to rescue her. UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 116

THE DEAD RAT II. You took part in the ‘Swachh Bharat’ programme conducted in your school on 15th July 2015. You won the appreciation of your headmaster. Now make an entry in your diary about the programme. UNIT 8 GRATITUDE 117

Extra CCE Examination-based Material UNIT VI ART AND CULTURE Reading Comprehension Passage I The teacher gazed around the class and said, \"A handloom is a hand-operated loom which weaves and has been weaving fabrics for centuries. In the race with the machines, we have forgotten our heritage.\" She fell silent and the children recognised her pensive mood and kept silent. Someone asked hesitantly, \"Teacher, you mentioned the story of Ikat…\" 1. What is a handloom? 2. How long have the weavers been weaving fabrics? 3. What does the phrase \"we have forgotten our heritage‟ mean? 4. What does \"Ikat‟ mean in Telugu? 5. Why did the teacher become silent while she was speaking? 6. Use the homophones in sentences of your own:- (i) been – I have been sick. (ii) bean – The bean plant is healthy. Reading Comprehension Passage II For Rakshabandhan, the tying of the knot is done by yellow and red Ikat dyed threads. In our tradition, tying the knot is sacred. Maybe this has a relation to the tying and dyeing process. But in parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Deccan, designs in Ikat were influenced a lot by Muslim culture. 1. On which occasion is the knot tied? 2. What is sacred in our tradition? 118

3. By which culture have the designs of Ikat been influenced? 4 How do you think Ikat tradition can be brought back? 5 . What was the basic idea of the author in this lesson? Reading Comprehension Passage III \"The potter has drawn out the living breath of me And given me a form which is the death of me, My past unshapely natural state was best With just one flower flaming through my breast.\" 1. What does 'me' stand for? 2. How does the poet present this poem? 3. What did the potter change the clay into? 4. What does 'unshapely natural state' mean? 5. Is the goblet happy? Why or why not? 119

Reading Comprehension Passage IV All Telugu speakers identify themselves with 'Kuchipudi'. The rest of the world looks at Kuchipudi and Dr Vempati’s stupendous work with reverent eyes. Kuchipudi has established itself at par with the other classical dance forms of India. Dr Vempati remains the source of inspiration to people and he remains at the centrestage of Kuchipudi’s surge as a classical dance form in modern India. 1. What do the Telugu speakers identify themselves with? 2. Whose work has given the rest of the world the recognition due to Kuchipudi? 3. Name some other classical dance forms of India. 4. What were the awards given to Mr.Vempati? 5. What is he rightly called? 120

UNIT VII WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Reading Comprehension Passage I \"How fortunate you are! Touchwood! You've studied well, have a job like a man and are earning very well. You don't have to beg anyone for anything. You are able to lead a dignified life unlike us, who have to depend on our husbands even for a few paise.\" The grass is greener on the other side, I thought to myself. 1. Who says these words to whom? 2. Why does the narrator's sister 'Akkayya' seem depressed? 3. What is it that 'Akkayya' admires about her sister? . 4. Why does the narrator say that the ‘grass is greener on the other side’? 5. How does a woman’s life change when she is educated? 6. Make your own sentence with the phrasal verb 'look up'. 7. Give the antonyms of 'fortunate' and 'unlike'. 8. Give the synonym of ‘dignified’. 121

Reading Comprehension Passage II \"Look at the bonsai you have tended to so lovingly. It looks proper and sweet, like a housewife. But see how delicate it is. You have to tend to it very carefully. It can't even withstand a small dust storm or squall. When it is dependent upon someone, how can it provide shelter to anyone? Isn't it because of the difference in the way one brings up a boy and a girl that a woman’s life is like that of a bonsai?\" 1. What is a ‘bonsai’? 2. In what way is a bonsai different from its natural counterpart? 3. What does ‘bonsai’ here symbolise? 4. Do you think boys and girls should be brought up in the same way? If so, how? 5. What is the message the author is trying to give through these lines? 6. Give the synonym of ‘squall’. 7. Give the antonym of 'delicate'. 8. Use the phrasal verb ‘bring up’ in your own sentence. Reading Comprehension Passage III \"Help me support myself. I am not interested in marrying anybody rich or powerful. Depending on another person's power, position or prosperity does not promise peace and security in the long run. One has to depend on the power within oneself to seek the target in one's life.\" 1. Who spoke these words to whom? a) Daughter to mother rat b) Mother to daughter rat c) Mother to father rat 122

2. Was the daughter interested in marrying? a) Yes, she was b) No, she was not c) No, she was interested in enjoying life 3. What did she want to depend on? a) On her husband's power b) On her family's power c) On the power within herself 4. What did she want to do? a) She wanted to support others b) She wanted to support herself c) She wanted to help the sun and the rain 5. What does peace and security depend on? a) Depends on our own achievements b) Depends on husband's achievements c) Depends on mother's achievements 123

UNIT VIII GRATITUDE Reading Comprehension Passage I \"While Kotnis is venerated in China, with textbooks recounting his story to children and a Beijing hospital even creating a medical team in his memory, very little is known of him in the land of his birth. Few in Mumbai or the rest of the country know about the doctor who served in China during the 1938 Sino-Japanese war and died there in 1942,\" says his sister. However, he became famous in his hometown after his death. 1. Who is venerated in China, with textbooks recounting his story to children? 2. Where did he serve in China? 3. When and how did he die? 4. What does the phrase 'few in Mumbai know about him' mean? 5. Name the book written on him. Who was its author? 6. How did he become well known in India? 7. Identify some conjunctions from the passage. 8. What does the phrase 'in his memory' mean? 124

Reading Comprehension Passage II \"Be thankful when you’re tired and weary, because it means you’ve made a difference. It’s easy to be thankful for the good things, a life of rich fulfillment comes to those who are also thankful for the setbacks.\" 1. What is the central idea of the poem? 2. For what should we be thankful? 3. What does the phrase ‘You’ve made a difference’ mean? 4. How do setbacks help us? 5. What does 'a life of rich fulfillment' mean? Reading Comprehension Passage III “The dead rat is the capital which I can lend you. You take it away and do some trade with it. To an intelligent man it will fetch millions and even if I give millions to an unintelligent man, it will be of no use.” 1. Who said these words to whom? 2. Do you think Ratnanka was intelligent? 3. Do you think Yakshadatta really helped him? 4. What is the learning that we get from this lesson? 5. Throw some light on Ratnanka’s personality. 125

II. Unseen Comprehension Passages Template for unseen passages These passages or stanzas (from poems) have been picked up from various sources on a variety of topics. They would be immensely beneficial to the students in enhancing their thinking skills and substantiating their understanding. The key concept of CCE, the '5 W and 1 H' has been emphatically incorporated into this section as well. Students must be encouraged to do them on their own. The different type of questions like multiple choice, True or False, fill in the blanks and content based questions would help the children from the examination point of view. UNIT 6 Reading Comprehension Passage I Some people like doing adventurous things. Some of them love diving deep into the oceans. Some others are fond of climbing high to the tops of mountains. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world. It is 8848 meters high. It is named after Colonel Everest. In 1924, a team lead by Mallory started climbing the peak. Mallory's team almost reached the top when Mallory and a friend disappeared in a cloud of snow. Finally man conquered Everest in 1953. Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay set foot on the top of the peak on 29th May 1953 at 11.30 a.m. They stood at the highest point on the surface of the earth. 1. Name some dangerous things that people like to do. 2. After which person is Mount Everest named? 3. What is the height of Mount Everest? 4. What happened to Mallory's team? 5. Who were the first people who reached the peak of Everest? 126

Reading Comprehension Passage II After rains caused havoc in Chennai, leaving the city flooded, people struggled to stay afloat with essentials running out. There was a scramble for food. Thousands were rescued to safety. But many others waited desperately for help without power and water supply. Chennai is fighting back against this natural disaster. One has to admire the spirit of almost all Chennaites in coming to grip with the disaster before them. The mushroom-like growth of real estate alone, with politically-backed unplanned development, that most often ignores rules and regulations is a factor that has contributed to the present disastrous situation in Chennai. State whether the following statements are True or False: i) Heavy rains flooded the city of Shangai. [] ii) A natural disaster struck Chennai. [] iii) The unplanned development of the city has resulted in this situation. [] iv) The politicians are responsible for the floods. [] v) The Chennaites had a low spirit in fighting back. [] UNIT 7 Reading Comprehension Passage I The nutritional intake of urban children today has undergone a drastic change. Portions have increased and quality has decreased. Calorie-rich fast foods have replaced the simple diet of yesteryears. The combination of a faulty diet - too many chocolates, colas, pizzas and ice-creams, and reduced physical activity have contributed to the problem. Today children spend more than 12 to 14 hours per week in front of the TV or computer. Added to that the hours sitting at a school desk, or attending tuitions, and there is not much time left for running, jumping and playing. All these have resulted in problems like obesity in children. High blood sugar and back aches are some of the other problems. 1 Give two examples of fast foods. 2. Name two activities which prevent children from exercising. 3. Why were children healthier in the past? 4. Name some health problems faced due to reduced physical activity. 5. Do you think the nutritional intake of rural children also has undergone a change? Why? 127

Reading Comprehension Passage II Man's curiosity of lightning in the dark clouds of the sky led him to discover electricity. Benjamin Franklin was responsible for getting electricity from the clouds a couple of centuries back. The turning point in the production of electricity came in the 18th century with the invention of a cell and later the dynamo. Today electricity is a part of modern living. One shudders to think of life without electricity. At present electrical power serves mankind from illumination to communication and transportation to entertainment. Factories, farms, houses and offices - all depend on electricity. It is providing an easy, comfortable and luxurious life. But the hold of electric power on mankind is increasing day by day. State whether the following statements are True or False: [ ] ] i) Production of electricity started in the 18th century. [ ] ii) We can live comfortably without electricity. [ ] iii) Electricity serves mankind only for communication and illumination. [ ] iv) The hold of electric power on mankind is increasing day by day. [ v) Electricity is making our life very luxurious. 128

UNIT 8 Reading Comprehension Passage I Bugs look scary close up. Most bugs are a danger only to other insects. Some examples of bugs are dragonflies, beetle-hunting wasps, praying mantis, wood ants, mosquitoes etc. The praying mantis sits perfectly still. If a fly lands on a branch near it, then the mantis fixes its eyes on the fly. In a second its front legs trap the fly and pull it into its mouth. The beetle-hunting wasp stings the beetle, then drags it to its nest and lays eggs on the beetle. When the eggs hatch, the young wasps feed on the beetle. The wood ants have sharp jaws and they squirt acid which can kill other bugs. The ants then tear the bug to pieces and carry it to their nest. 1. Name some bugs. 2. How does the praying mantis catch its prey? 3. Where does the beetle-hunting wasp lay its eggs? 4. What do the wood ants squirt? 5. How do most bugs look close-up? Reading Comprehension Passage II The Baisakhi Fair organised in a village near Amritsar was a great event. People were on the streets colourfully dressed, small children running around and dancing jubilantly, celebrating the festive spirit of Baisakhi. The whole village was decorated. There were a number of stalls put up in the nearby ground which were decorated brightly. Some stalls were selling traditional handicrafts and artistic pottery. These artistic pieces of rare craftsmanship were being sold like hot cakes. The eatable stalls were most popular with kids. The chatpata chats, pani puris, papads, tandooris, etc. were being eaten with great enthusiasm. The women could be seen near the bangles stalls and the glittering chunari stalls. Men could be seen haggling over the prices of commodities. 129

i) What were the children celebrating? a) the village fair b) the festive spirit of holi c) the festive spirit of Baisakhi d) the village exhibition ii) What were being sold as hot cakes? a) the traditional items b) the artistic handicrafts c) the traditional bangles d) the traditional food items iii) What does the word 'jubiliant' mean? a) miserable b) beautiful c) very happy d) splendour iv) What does the word 'haggling' mean? a) bargaining b) fighting c) discount d) quarrelling v) Find the antonyms of: a) enthusiastic × b) popular × 130

III. Word-Webs UNIT - VI ART AND CULTURE Customs CULTURE Traditions Roots Represents a country Art Forms Heritage Shaping POTTER Clay Baking Making pots Potter’s wheel Earthen goblets Bharatnatyam DANCE Kuchipudi Grace Art forms Performance Cultural Heritage 131

UNIT – VII WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Grown in a BONSAI Miniature Tree pot Very delicate Pruning Not natural Artistic Children WOMAN Female Take care Empowerment Multifaceted Symbol of love Environment TREES Give Shelter Birds Food Wood Shade 132

UNIT - VIII GRATITUDE X-Ray Patient Medicines Hospital Blood DOCTOR Stethoscope Test Service to Injection mankind Destruction WAR Soldiers Bloodshed Army Killing Weapons 133

IV. Writing Discourses XI. Write a letter applying for a Job Read the following advertisement which appeared in a newspaper. WANTED Teachers for Maths, Physics, Hindi and Commerce for secondary classes in the City premises. Candidates should be fluent in English and must have at least 2 years experience of teaching in an ICSE or CBSE School. Candidates must be post graduates with B.Ed. RESONANCE SCHOOL, Asilmetta, Visakhapatnam Ph : 886652104 E-Mail - [email protected] Write a letter to the address given above applying for the job. State your qualifications and other details that you consider necessary. Visakhapatnam 02nd January, 2019 From Ashrit Kotapadu, Pendurthy Visakhapatnam To The Principal Resonance School Asilmetta, Visakhapatnam. Respected sir, Sub: Application for the post of Physics Teacher I am a post graduate in Physics from Andhra University. I have completed my B.Ed. from IGNOU and my M.Ed. for Osmania University. I have worked in reputed CBSE schools for 8 years. I would like to offer my candidature for the vacancy of Physics teacher in your prestigious institution. My commitment towards my job and love for teaching make me an ideal person to work in your school. I herewith attach my Curriculum Vitae. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you in advance. Yours faithfully Ashrit 134

XII. Creating a Poster A poster is an excellent way to get your point across quickly. It has an effective impact on the viewer. A poster can communicate large amounts of information in few words. Template x Behind a good poster should be a strong message x Use bold headings x Write catchy captions x Use bright colours and pictures x Make an impact on the viewer's mind x Use factual information x Use creativity and imagination Design a poster to propagate the idea of making Delhi a clean city and reducing its pollution levels. Use the following hints: x Plant trees x Use carpooling x Use CNG vehicles x Use public transport x Say no to plastics CLEAN DELHI GREEN DELHI Make Delhi a Dream City Use carpooling Do not cut down trees Use CNG vehicles Plant more trees Use Public Transport more often Say NO to plastics DELHI IS A HISTORICAL CITY, LET'S NOT MAKE IT A GARBAGE CITY 135

XIII. Descriptive Writing The primary purpose of descriptive writing is to describe a person, place or thing in such a way that a picture is formed in the reader's mind. Capturing an event through descriptive writing involves paying close attention to the details by using all of your five senses. Template Tips for good descriptive writing: x Start with the main idea x Explanation should create mental pictures x Follow a logical order x Use the method of 'compare and contrast' of ideas x Finish with a re-statement of your main idea Darjeeling, bearing the title of 'Queen of the Hill Stations' in the north-east, is one of most beautiful and alluring hill stations. Nestled in the Eastern Himalayas, close to Nepal and Bhutan, it is located at the northern tip of West Bengal. As we move from Siliguri up the mountain, crossing mysterious forests, we are greeted by a stunning view of Darjeeling and the rapturous beauty of the Kanchenjunga Range peeking out between the oak, pine and orchids. We can feel pure exhilaration fill our hearts as we see the Himalayan beauty. Darjeeling is called the 'land of the thunderbolts' by the locals. The tiny villages, the water falls, the snow covered mountain peaks, and the tiny toy trains elevate the beauty of the place beyond imagination. The tea gardens on the slopes and the local women with their baskets picking the tea leaves is a sight worth watching. The tiger hills and the rope ways are the other attractions. XIV. Designing an Invitation Invitations are a means to announce special occasions in a grand manner. Letting people know about the details of the occasion in charming designs and flowery words, just about defines an invitation. Template The following tips will help in designing an invitation card: x The name of the programme must be bold and highlighted. x Details about venue, time, day and date must be given. x Key attractions of the programme with pictures must be presented. x Host’s name and phone number must be given at the bottom. 136

You are cordially invited to the CULTURAL FEST Saturday, Jan 9th 2016, 10:00 a.m to 4:00 pm Key Venue: The Grand Academy Hall Attractions 9 Rural Arts 9 Tatoo Mania 9 Danger Zone 9 Food Mela 9 Gaming Den 9 Cultural Events 9 Science exhibits 9 Hobby Corner By students, staff and management of XYZ School XV. Diary Writing Diaries are notebooks filled with a writer's personal and private form of writing, where his/ her innermost feelings, thoughts and ideas are expressed freely. Template The following hints would be useful while writing a diary: x The date must be written at the top of the entry x It is a day-wise entry x Chronologically organised x The entry is often addressed to the diary as if it were a living thing x Events or incidents are mentioned x Feelings and emotions are expressed without fear 137

Imagine that you were badly punished by the teacher because you were absent from school. Now, write a Diary Entry describing your feeling about the incident. Hints which you could include in the Diary Entry x I am upset x Leave of absence x Teacher punished x Humiliated x Felt terrible Diary Entry: Friday, 06th October, 2019 9:30pm Punished in school for being absent. Today I am very upset. My teacher punished me very badly. Yesterday I was absent to school as my aunt had come from the U.S. and we had all gone out for a picnic. After I went to school in the morning I came to know that many children were absent yesterday and so the teacher was furious. She came to the class and yelled at all of us for our lack of discipline. She then called each one of us and asked us for the reason of our absenteeism. Each student gave some stupid reason. My turn came and I gave my reason. She was annoyed and beat me with a ruler and she humiliated me in front of the whole class. I am normally a very regular student. In spite of that she abused me. I couldn‟t even narrate this incident to my mother or aunt. XVI. Speech Writing A speech is a formal address or discourse delivered to an audience. A speech is a powerful means of communication. Therefore the tone, the words, the language, etc. must have a long- lasting effect. Template Hints which would make speech writing easier: x Making a good impression x Introduction of the topic in an impressive way x Giving examples related to the topic x Using quotes and similes x Asking questions x Speech must be structured x Conclusion must be memorable Prepare a speech that you would like to make on 'Climatic Changes on Earth' for the morning assembly in your school. 138

Hints: x Increasing pollution x Global warming x Too many natural disasters x Man is exploiting nature x Man is the victim of this exploitation Speech: A very good morning to everybody. I stand before you today to share my views on the burning issue of climate change. It would be foolish if we were to close our eyes and minds to the issue any further. The increasing levels of air pollution, the sewage polluting the water bodies, the plastic pollution of soil and rivers, etc. are all ruining the Earth. This kind of behaviour is causing global warming and increasing the temperatures of the atmosphere. These, in turn, are causing natural disasters like cyclones, floods, earthquakes, etc. Man is exploiting the natural resources of the Earth in a selfish manner to satisfy his greed but he is unable to see that it is adversely affecting his survival on the planet. Therefore, we need to remember that 'The earth does not belong to man. Man belongs to the Earth.' I would like to conclude that we have no right to destroy Earth. It is our responsibility to safeguard it for the generations of the future. Thank you for listening, but I hope that you will also act upon i t proactively. 139