Creative Writing Diary entry Many people keep diaries. A diary is a book in which one can write about things that happen in everyday life. Many people write diary entries every day. Others write less often. People make diary entries to remember things that happen in their day-to-day lives or special events. People share their thoughts, feelings, hopes and dreams in their diaries. Look at the sample of a diary entry below. Salutation/Greeting Friday, 11th November Day and date Signature Dear Diary, Contents of the diary entry Today was such a horrible day! Diary entries are Nothing went right! I wish I could do always written in first it all over again. First, I forgot that I person had to wear my white canvas shoes today. Mr Zubeidar, the strict sports teacher, made me run three rounds of the ground before the assembly! Three! Then, I went to the classroom to find that I was late for the class. So, my class teacher made me stand outside the class. I have never had a worse day in my life! I hope such a day never repeats. Farhan Writing 5 47
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with words, phrases or sentences to complete the diary entry. ___________________________, _______________ May Dear ________________________, I had a very interesting experience yesterday. I was playing with my friends ___________________ and ___________________ when a little kitten _______________ ____________________________________________________________________________. I named her Sweety. When Mummy called me back, ______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________. I begged her to let me keep Sweety. Finally, she said I could if Sweety did not belong to anyone. _______________________ 48
6 Articles Articles are words that point out nouns or groups of nouns. There are three articles. Articles a an the ‘A’ is used before words that begin with a consonant sound. Examples: a tree, a man, a uniform a tree a man ‘An’ is used before words that begin with a vowel sound (the first letter may or may not be a, e, i, o or u). Examples: an x-ray, an umbrella, an elephant an umbrella an elephant The article ‘the’ is used: • b efore a word that has been mentioned earlier. Example: I met a girl on a bus. The girl was a swimming champion. • before a word that is unique or specific. Examples: the Sun, the Moon • b efore the names of rivers, mountains, seas and so on. Examples: the Himalayas, the Ganges The Himalayas are covered in ice. We visited the Parliament House in Delhi. 49
Definite and indefinite article Imagine that you have a plate of biscuits in front of you. There are many types of biscuits: salty biscuits, coconut biscuits, chocolate-chip biscuits and so on. Now, let us use these biscuits to understand the difference between definite and indefinite articles. Read the following sentences: • I want the chocolate-chip biscuit. • I want a biscuit. The first sentence is about a particular or ‘definite’ biscuit. So, we use the definite article ‘the’. The second sentence is about any of the biscuits that are on the plate. So, we use the indefinite article ‘a’. Remember • ‘The’ is used for both singular and plural nouns. Examples: the chocolate-chip biscuit; the chocolate-chip biscuits • ‘A’ and ‘an’ are used for singular nouns only. ‘An’ is used before nouns like ‘honest’ and ‘hour’ because they start with a vowel sound. Examples: a biscuit; an aeroplane Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an’. One is done for you. a) an eagle b) _______ tomato c) _______ honest man d) _______ sweet 50
e) _______ orange f) _______ car Exercise 2: Match the pictures to the correct articles. One is done for you. a) a b) c) an d) e) the f) Exercise 3: Underline the articles. Write whether the article in each sentence is an indefinite article or the definite article. One is done for yo a) We have a pet cat. – indefinite b) Give me the book that is next to you. – c) I need to complete this work before – the class ends. d) I saw an emu. – e) This is the dog that bit Ramya. – Articles 51
f) I need to buy a new pair of shoes. – Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with the correct articles (a, an or the) from the brackets. One is done for you. a) She ate only an (a/an) ice cream for lunch. b) My friend gifted me _____________ (the/a) blue car for my birthday. c) Rita eats _____________ (the/an) egg every day. d) Let us go to _____________ (a/the) school playground. e) Ram has _____________ (a/an) large box of chocolates. f) W e visited _____________ (the/an) Gateway of India when we were in Mumbai. Exercise 5: Fill in the blanks with the correct articles. One is done for you. a) Seema is an active girl. b) This is such _____________ good story; you must read it. c) _____________ laddoos that my mother made were tasty. 52
d) I watched a movie last night. ____________ movie was really good. e) Mariam is wearing _____________ gold ring today. f) Eating _____________ orange every day is good for health. Exercise 6: The following sentences have incorrect articles. Rewrite the sentences using the correct articles. One is done for you. Hint: A few sentences may have articles where they are not needed. a) My uncle had an long life. Ans. My uncle had a long life. b) A necklace that Beena is wearing looks lovely. Ans. c) The Piyush has an pet dog at home. Ans. d) Dhiraj is a simple man with an unique point of view. Ans. e) The great storms occur in the southern part of India. Ans. f) Yes, I am a engineer. Ans. Articles 53
W6 Writing Formal Writing Informal letter writing We write informal letters to our friends and close family members. These are friendly letters. The tone of an informal letter is relaxed and friendly. Read the sample of an informal letter given below. Use this sample to observe the different parts of an informal letter. There is no need to 403, Prajvi Apartments Your address include the address Gachibowli of the person to Hyderabad Date whom you are writing. 19th October 2018 Introduction In the first paragraph, Salutation/Greeting Dear Lila, explain why you You can use a are writing. Use person’s first name. Thank you for the birthday card! It friendly language was very pretty. I put it up next to throughout. Body our photo so that I can see it every This is the part day. Closing paragraph between the Ask a question or introduction and the Guess what Mom and Dad got make a suggestion so closing paragraph me for my birthday? A Harry that the person can where you talk Potter book! It is the first one, and send a reply. about the main idea I am so excited to read it! Do of the letter. not worry, we can read it again together when we meet during Signature the holidays. Sign your name. How you sign off shows Please ask your parents if they how you feel about would let you bring your dolls. I the person to whom cannot wait to see you again! We you are writing. are going to have so much fun! Lots of love, Ruby 54
Exercise 1: Veeru is planning to celebrate Makar Sankranti by flying kites and eating special sweets. He wishes to invite his best friend, Ali, to celebrate with him. Complete the invitation letter that Veeru wrote to Ali by filling in the gaps 34, Lane No. 5 Guldastah Lucknow – 12 12th January 2018 Dear _________________, How are you? I am writing this letter to ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________. Makar Sankranti is on the 14th of January. This festival is very special. We celebrate it by __________________________________________________________________________. Please come for the celebrations. It would be _________________________________ _______________________________________________________. I will ask my mother to make ______________________________________________________________________. I hope you can _____________________________________________________________. Awaiting your reply, Your friend, ___________________ Creative Writing Picture-based writing Exercise 2: Look at the given picture. Describe the picture in five to eight sentences. Hints: • Who do you see in the picture? • What are they doing? Writing 6 55
• What mode of transport do you see? • Have you travelled by this mode of transport? • How was your experience? 56
R3 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Once, there lived a blind man in a small town. He carried a lighted lamp in his hand whenever he went out at night. One night, a group of men were walking on the same path. They saw the blind man and made fun of him. They said, ‘Oh! blind man, why do you carry the lamp? You are blind and cannot see anything.’ The blind man politely said, ‘This lamp is not for me but for those who have eyes. You may not see a blind man in your path and may collide with him.’ Upon hearing this, the men felt ashamed and asked for forgiveness. 1) What did the blind man carry when he went out at night? Ans. 2) What did the group of men do when they saw the blind man? Ans. 3) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles (‘a’, ‘an’, ‘the’). a) There is _____________ blind man walking on the street. b) Bring me _______________ lamp that the blind man is carrying. c) The blind man took ____________ hour to finish his work. 57
4) The antonym of ‘impolitely’ is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B a) polite A) crash into someone or something b) ashamed B) well-mannered c) collide C) felt sorry about something Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. One day, a hare made fun of the way a tortoise walked and how slow he was. So, the tortoise challenged the hare to a race. The hare agreed, thinking that he would surely win the race. It was decided that whoever reached the tree first would be the winner. The race began. The hare ran with all his might and reached the halfway mark. By then, the tortoise had only taken ten steps. The hare looked back and decided to rest under a tree. He thought, ‘I can wake up and reach the tree before the tortoise catches up.’ The tortoise kept walking slowly, but he did not stop anywhere. When the hare got up, the tortoise had reached the tree. The slow and steady tortoise won the race. 6) Why did the hare agree to the race? Ans. 58
7) What did the hare do when he reached the halfway mark? Ans. 8) Complete the questions with the correct question words from the brackets. a) ___________________ won the race? (How/Who) b) ___________________ did the hare make fun of? (Why/What) c) ___________________ did the hare get up? (When/Who) 9) Write the meaning of the proverb: ‘slow and steady wins the race’. Ans. 10) Match the words with their meanings. Column A Column B a) challenge A) strength b) might B) succeed in reaching a person who is ahead of one c) catch up C) to invite someone to a competition Reading Comprehension 3 59
7 Verbs Underline the main verbs and circle the helping verbs in the sentences given below. • Do you want this book? • Shreya is visiting Shimla today. • They were cooking together. • Does Heena know you? Remember • Verbs are action words. They show the action that the noun does or the noun’s state of being. Examples: a ) Anup draws beautiful pictures. b) They live here. • Helping verbs do not show any action but help the main verb to complete their meaning. The helping verbs that you have learnt are ‘am’, ‘is’, ‘are’, ‘was’, ‘were’, ‘do’ and ‘does’. Examples: a ) He was playing in the park. b) She is unwell. Modal verbs (ability and permission) Read the following sentences: May I use your phone, Could my sister come I can swim for an hour, please? along too? but my brother cannot. 60
Observe the use of ‘may’, ‘could’, ‘can’ and ‘cannot’ in these sentences. They are used by speakers to seek permission or show ability. The word ‘cannot’ shows a lack of ability to do something. These words are called modal verbs. What are modal verbs? Modal verbs, or helping verbs, give additional information about the main verb that follows them. Let us learn about the modal verbs of ability and for seeking permission. Modal verbs of ability Positive Negative Question Can (ability in I can play the Reema cannot play Can you speak the present) guitar very well. table tennis. Spanish? Could (ability Gina could walk Megha could not Could you read in the past) when she was just write until she was or write before eleven months old. seven. you were six? Modal verbs for permission (more formal) Asking for Giving Saying someone has permission permission permission May May I borrow your You may borrow Children may Could book? my book. borrow an extra book from the library tomorrow. Could I take a – – leave tomorrow? Might (extremely Might I give an – – formal) idea? Modal verbs for permission (less formal) Asking for Giving permission Saying someone permission has permission Can Can I watch the You can watch Students can use play tonight? the play. the spare pencils kept in the box. Verbs 61
Note: To use a modal verb in its negative form, add ‘not’ between the modal verb and the main verb. Examples: • You may not leave early today. • She cannot ride a bicycle. Exercise 1: Underline the main verbs and circle the helping verbs in the paragraph given below. One is done for you. Meena is a sweet girl. She loves her parents. This is her picture. She is dancing. She attends dance classes every week. Meena was a part of the dance group in her school last year. She is also joining the football team this year. Her parents are proud of her. Exercise 2: Choose the appropriate modal verb from the brackets and complete each sentence. One is done for you. a) I was feeling very weak yesterday. I could not walk at all. (cannot/could not) b) Finish your work. We will go together. I __________________ wait. (may/can) c) Excuse me, I ____________________ come to your party next week. (cannot/ could not) d) ____________________ I sit next to you? (Could not/Could) e) You ____________________ (more formal) have another cookie if you like. (may/might) f) I ____________________ cook very well now. (can/could) Exercise 3: Choose the correct modal verbs for the given sentences. One is done for you. a) I cannot pick up b) ___________ I ask a c) W hen I was a child, this box; it is very question, please? I _____________ do a heavy. (less formal) headstand. A) cannot A) Could A) can B) may not B) Can B) could C) could not C) May C) may 62
d) _ __________ I leave e) H e _________________ f) Y ou ____________ go early? (extremely speak fluently in English home if you like. (less formal) when he came here two formal) years ago. A) Can A) can A) cannot B) Might B) might B) could not C) Could C) may C) may not Parts of a sentence – subject, verb and object A sentence is made up of three parts. Sentence Subject Verb Object It is what or whom It is the activity or It is the bearer of the the sentence is action of the subject. action or the about. It is somebody thing/person who is who does the action. acted upon. Let us identify the subject, verb and object in a few sentences. Sentence Subject Verb Object a frog. The snake caught a frog. The snake caught The children are singing songs. The children are singing songs. He was playing the guitar. He was playing the guitar. The students wear uniforms. The students wear uniforms. Verbs 63
Subject and predicate Read the following sentences: The family saw the giraffe. The dog chased the cat. The girls met Rohan. A sentence can be separated into two parts: Subject Predicate S VO The thing or person that we are Something more about that person talking about is known as the subject. or thing is the predicate. This part states what the subject is or does. It always begins with a verb, and has the object. Look at the table below for examples of ‘subject’ and ‘predicate’. Subject Predicate The family saw the giraffe. The dog chased the cat. The girls met Rohan. Rohan eats cornflakes for breakfast. The words in bold are verbs. 64
Remember A meaningful and complete sentence needs both the subject and the predicate. Exercise 4: Split the sentences into their subjects, verbs and objects. Then, tick the words that make up the subjects. Put a star on the words that make up the predicates. One is done for you. Sentence Subject Verb Object a) The lion chased the mouse. b) T he women are washing The lion chased the mouse. clothes. c) Ravi is flying a kite. d) The monkeys wore red caps. e) Sheela ate a banana. f) Sheela kicked the ball. Exercise 5: Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences. Circle the subjects and underline the predicates of the sentences. One is done for you. a) doctor/apple/keeps/an/day/a/the/away Ans. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. b) is/cloudy/a/it/day Ans. c) guilty/judge/him/found/the Ans. d) those/themselves/helps/help/God/who Ans. Verbs 65
e) Mumbai/morning/I/tomorrow/leave/for/will Ans. f) friends/best/of/one/is/he/my Ans. Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with suitable subjects or predicates. One is done for you. a) The Sun shines brightly in the sky. b) The computer ______________________________________________. c) ______________________________________ is playing football. d) Shreeram and Rakesh ________________________________________. e) ________________________________________ is really interesting. f) ________________________________________ is in the room. 66
W7 Writing Formal Writing Make sentences Exercise 1: Make sentences with the words given below. a) television : b) newspaper : c) radio : d) internet : e) cinema : 67
Creative Writing Story writing Exercise 2: Given below is a picture. Use the hints and create a story based on the picture. Hints: The eagle chases a dove – the dove pleads with the king – the king asks the eagle to spare the dove – the eagle asks for half of the king’s wealth in return – the king agrees – the eagle turns out to be a skilled magician testing the king – the magician rewards the king 68
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