181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text

Subtract 4-digit numbers without regrouping Subtracting a 4-digit number from a larger 4-digit number is similar to subtracting a 3-digit number from a larger 3-digit number. The following examples help you understand this better. Example 2: Subtract: 5032 from 7689 Solution: To subtract, write the smaller number below the larger number. Step 1: Subtract the ones. Solved Step 2: Subtract the tens. Th H T O Th H T O 7689 7689 −5032 −5032 7 57 Step 3: Subtract the hundreds. Step 4: Subtract the thousands. Th H T O Th H T O 7689 7 68 9 −5032 − 5 03 2 2 65 7 657 Th H T O Solve these Th H T O 2879 8000 –2137 Th H T O –2000 4789 –2475 Subtraction 47 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 101 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

Subtract 4-digit numbers with regrouping In subtraction of 4-digit numbers, we can regroup the digits in thousands, hundreds and tens places. Let us see an example. Example 3: What is the difference 7437 and 4868? Solution: Write the smaller number below the larger number. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Subtract the ones. Th H TO Th H T O But, 7 − 8 is not possible as 7 4 2 17 1654 −4 8 −1 2 4 6 7 < 8. So, regroup the tens digit, 3\\ \\7 3. 3 tens = 2 tens + 1 ten. Borrow 68 1 ten to the ones place. 9 Step 2: Subtract the tens. But, Th H T O Th H T O 12 2 − 6 is not possible as 2 < 6. 5674 So, regroup the hundreds digit, 3 \\2 17 −2 3 8 2 4. 4 hundreds = 3 hundreds + 7 4\\ 3\\ \\7 1 hundred. Borrow 1 hundred to − 4 8 6 8 the tens place. 69 Step 3: Subtract the hundreds. Th H T O Th H T O But, 3 − 8 is not possible. So, 13 12 regroup the thousands digit, 7468 7. 7 thousands = 6 thousands + 6 \\3 \\2 17 −4 8 3 7 1 thousand. Borrow 1 thousand \\7 4\\ 3\\ \\7 to the hundreds place. −4 8 6 8 569 48 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 102

Steps Solved Solve these Step 4: Subtract the thousands. Th H T O Th H T O 13 12 4598 6 \\3 \\2 17 −2 2 2 2 \\7 4\\ 3\\ \\7 −4 8 6 8 2569 Application Subtraction of 3-digit numbers is very often used in real life. Here are a few examples. Example 4: Sonu bought 375 marbles. He gave 135 marbles to his brother. How many marbles are left with him? Solution: Total number of marbles Sonu bought = 375 H TO Number of marbles given to Sonu’s brother = 135 375 Number of marbles left with him = 375 – 135 = 240 −1 3 5 Therefore, 240 marbles are left with Sonu. 240 Example 5: Vinod had 536 stamps. He gave some stamps to his brother and then Vinod was left with 278 stamps. How many stamps did Vinod give his brother? Solution: Total number of stamps Vinod had = 536 H TO 12 Number of stamps Vinod had after giving some to his brother = 278 4 2\\ 16 \\5 \\3 \\6 Number of stamps he gave his brother = −278 536 – 278 = 258 258 Therefore, Vinod gave 258 stamps to his brother. We can use subtraction of 4-digit numbers in real-life situations. Let us see some examples. Subtraction 49 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 103 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

Example 6: Mohan’s uncle stays 8630 m away from Mohan’s house. Mohan travelled 6212 m of the distance. What is the distance yet to be covered by Mohan to reach his uncle’s house? Solution: Distance between Mohan’s house and his uncle’s Th H T O house = 8630 m Distance travelled by Mohan = 6212 m 2⁄ 1⁄0 Remaining distance Mohan has to travel = 8630 m – 6212 m = 2418 m 8 630 − 6 212 2 418 Therefore, Mohan has to travel 2418 m more to reach his uncle’s house. Example 7: A rope is 6436 cm long. A 3235 cm long piece is cut from it. How much of the rope is left? Solution: Length of the rope = 6436 cm Th H T O 6436 Length of the piece cut = 3235 cm −3 2 3 5 The length of the remaining piece of rope 3201 = 6436 cm – 3235 cm = 3201 cm Therefore, 3201 cm of the rope is left. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) We can check the correctness of a subtraction problem using addition. Consider an example. Example 8: Subtract: a) 27 from 36 b) 145 from 364. Solution: a) 36 – 27 b) 364 – 145 TO HT O 2 16 5 14 \\3 \\6 3 \\6 4\\ −2 7 −1 4 5 9 21 9 We can write 36 = 27 + 9 364 – 145 = 219 We can write 364 = 145 + 219 50 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 104

We can conclude that to check if the subtraction is correct, we add the subtrahend (the number being subtracted) and the difference. If this sum is the same as the minuend (the number from which a number is subtracted), the subtraction is correct. Framing word problems Let us consider these subtraction facts. a) 37 – 14 = 23 b) 37 – 23 = 14 We can try to frame some interesting situations and problems using these subtraction facts. a) Of the 37 students in class, 14 are in the green house. How many students are in the red house? b) 3 7 children are playing on the ground. 23 of them are playing football. How many are playing basketball? Similarly, we can frame some interesting problems using subtraction facts of 3-digit numbers. Let us see an example. Example 9: Frame a word problem using: a) 706 – 234 = 472 b) 461 − 110 = 351 Solution: One of the many possible different answers are: a) In a school, there are 706 students. 234 students were absent on Monday. How many students were present? b) 461 people booked the train for a trip to Goa. 110 people cancelled the trip. How many people went on the trip? Concept 5.2: Estimate the Difference between Two Numbers Think Farida had ` 450 with her. She wanted to buy a toy car for ` 185 and a toy train for ` 150. How much money will remain with Farida after buying the toys? Subtraction 51 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 105 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

Recall We know that in some situations where we do not need the exact number, we use estimation. Estimation can be done by rounding off numbers to a given place. Let us answer these to revise the concept of rounding off to the nearest 10. a) 87 = ______ b) 53 = ______ c) 65 = ______ d) 42 = ______ e) 33 = ______ & Remembering and Understanding Estimation is finding a number that is close enough to the right answer. Rounding off numbers can be used to estimate the difference between two 2-digit numbers and between two 3-digit numbers. Let us understand this through examples. Example 10: Estimate the difference: a) 69 – 15 b) 86 – 12 Solution: a) 69 – 15 Rounding off 69 to the nearest tens gives 70 (as 9 > 5) and rounding off 15 to the nearest tens, gives 20 (as 5 = 5). So, the required difference is 70 – 20 = 50. b) 86 – 12 R ounding off 86 to the nearest tens gives 90 (as 6 > 5) and rounding off 12 to the nearest tens, gives 10 (as 2 < 5). So, the required estimated difference is 90 – 10 = 80. Example 11: Estimate the difference: a) 593 – 217 b) 806 – 124 Solution: a) 593 – 217 R ounding off 593 to the nearest tens gives 590 (as 3 < 5) and rounding off 217 to the nearest tens, gives 220 (as 7 > 5). So, the required estimated difference is 590 – 220 = 370. b) 806 – 124 R ounding off 806 to the nearest tens gives 810 (as 6 > 5) and rounding off 124 to the nearest tens, gives 120 (as 4 < 5). So, the required estimated difference is 810 – 120 = 690. 52 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 106 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

Application Estimation of differences can be used in real-life situations. Let us see a few examples. Example 12: Parul has 83 pencils. She gives 32 pencils to her sister. Estimate the number of pencils that remain with Parul. Solution: Number of pencils Parul has = 83 83 rounded off to the nearest tens is 80 (since 3 < 5). Number of pencils given to Parul’s sister = 32 32 rounded off to the nearest 10 is 30 (since 2 < 5). So, the estimated number of pencils left with Parul = 80 − 30 = 50 Therefore, Parul has about 50 pencils. Example 13: Ram has 94 sweets. He distributes 46 sweets among his friends. About how many sweets remain with Ram? Solution: Number of sweets Ram has = 94 94 rounded off to the nearest tens is 90 (since 4 < 5). Number of sweets distributed among Ram's friends = 46 46 rounded off to the nearest tens is 50 (since 6 > 5). So, the estimated number of sweets left with Ram = 90 − 50 = 40 Therefore, Ram has about 40 sweets. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) In some situations, we may need to carry out both addition and subtraction. In such cases, we need to identify which operation is to be carried out first. Example 14: In a school, there are 976 students. Of them, 325 are from the pre-primary section, 416 are from the primary section, and the rest are from high school. How many high school students are there in the school? Subtraction 53 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 107 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

Solution: Total number of students = 976 HTO Number of students from the pre-primary section = 325 1 Number of students from the primary section = 416 Total number of students in pre-primary and primary 325 school sections = 325 + 416 = 741 +4 1 6 Number of students in high school = Total number of students – Number of students in pre-primary and 741 primary school sections = 976 – 741 = 235 Therefore, there are 235 high school students. HTO 976 −7 4 1 235 Concept 5.3: Subtract 2-digit Numbers Mentally Think Farida had 19 pens. She gave 12 pens to her sister. Can you find the number of pens remaining with Farida without using a paper and a pencil? Recall Recall that to subtract two 1-digit numbers mentally, we keep the larger numnber in mind and subtract the smaller one from it. Let us answer these to revise the concept. a) 5 – 4 = ________ [ ] ] (A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) 9 ] ] b) 3 – 3 = ________ [ (A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 0 (D) 5 c) 4 – 1 = ________ [ (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 d) 5 – 0 = ________ [ (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 0 (D) 6 54 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 108

e) 6 – 3 = ________ [] (A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 3 (D) 9 & Remembering and Understanding We have learnt to subtract 1-digit numbers mentally. Let us understand subtraction of 2-digit numbers mentally through an example. Subtract 2-digit numbers mentally without regrouping Example 15: Subtract mentally: 52 from 76 Solution: Follow these steps to subtract mentally. Steps Solved Solve this 52 from 76 35 from 69 Step 1: Subtract mentally the digits in the ones 6–2=4 ______ – ______ = place of the two numbers. Step 2: Subtract mentally The digits in the tens place The digits in the tens place of the digits in the tens place of the two numbers are 7 the two numbers are _______ of the two numbers. and 5. and _______. So, imagine that 7 fingers So, imagine that _____ fingers are open. Then imagine are open. closing 5 of them. Then imagine closing ___ of 7–5=2 them. ____– ____ = ___ Step 3: Write the So, 76 – 52 = 24. So, 69 – 35 = ____. difference obtained in steps 1 and 2 together as the difference of the given numbers. Sometimes regrouping is necessary in subtraction. Let us see an example to understand this. Subtract 2-digit numbers mentally with regrouping Example 16: Subtract mentally: 29 from 56 Solution: Follow these steps to subtract mentally. Subtraction 55 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 109 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

Steps Solved Solve this 29 from 56 46 from 83 83 = ___ + ____ Step 1: Regroup the two 29 = 20 + 9 46 = ___ + ____ given numbers as tens and 56 = 50 + 6 ones. Regroup the sum if it is equal to or more than 10. Step 2: Check if the ones 6 – 9 is not possible. So, ____ - ____ is possible (True/ can be subtracted. If not, regroup the tens. False). If it is true, subtract. If it regroup the tens. is false, regroup. Add 10 ones to 6 to get Add ten ones to ones and 16 and subtract 1 ten Add 10 ones to ___ to get reduce 1 ten from tens. from 5 tens to get 4 tens. ____ and subtract 1 ten from ____ tens to get ____ tens. Step 3: Subtract the ones of 16 – 9 = 7 ____ – ____ = ____ the two numbers mentally. Step 4: Subtract the tens of 4 tens – 2 tens = 2 tens ____ – ____ = ____ the two numbers mentally. Step 5: Write the answers ____ – ___ = ____ from steps 3 and 4 together So, 56 – 29 = 27. as the difference. Application We have seen that it is easy to subtract two 2-digit numbers mentally. In some real-life situations, we use mental subtraction of numbers. Let us see a few examples. Example 17: Manoj has 64 notebooks. He sold 45 notebooks. How many notebooks are left with him? Solve mentally. Solution: Number of notebooks Manoj has = 64 Number of notebooks he sold = 45 The number of notebooks remaining with him = 64 – 45 = 19 Therefore, Manoj has 19 notebooks left with him. 56 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 110

Example 18: Alisha went to school for 49 days in Term I and 65 days in Term II. For how many more days did Alisha go to school in the Term II than in the Term I? Solve mentally. Solution: Number of days Alisha went to school in Term I = 49 Number of days she went to school in Term II = 65 Difference in number of days = 65 – 49 = 16 Therefore, Alisha went to school 16 days more in Term II than in Term I. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) We have seen mental subtraction of two 2-digit numbers. Let us now see a real-life example where we might have to add and subtract numbers mentally. Example 19: Renu had ` 80. She bought guavas for ` 25 and bananas for ` 17. Calculate mentally the money that Renu has to pay the fruit seller. Also calculate mentally the money left with her. Solution: Total money Renu had = ` 80 Money she spent on guavas = ` 25 Money she spent on bananas = ` 17 To find the money she has to give the fruit seller, Renu has to add the prices of guavas and bananas. That is, ` 25 + ` 17 = ` 42. To find the money remaining with her, Renu has to subtract this sum from the total money she had. So, ` 80 – ` 42 = ` 38. Therefore, ` 38 is left with Renu. Subtraction 57 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 111 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

Drill Time Concept 5.1: Subtract 3-digit and 4-digit Numbers 1) Subtract 3-digit numbers with regrouping. a) 254 – 173 b) 678 – 619 c) 147 – 129 d) 781 – 682 e) 356 – 177 2) Subtract 4-digit numbers without regrouping. a) 2341 – 1230 b) 7632 – 5120 c) 9763 – 2311 d) 7629 – 1318 e) 7589 – 1268 3) Subtract 4-digit numbers with regrouping. a) 7632 – 1843 b) 4391 – 2482 c) 9843 – 7943 d) 8325 – 5436 e) 6893 – 3940 4) Word problems a) A stick is 8745 cm long. A 4313 cm long piece is cut from it. What part of the stick is remaining? b) Raj stays 5786 m away from Matin’s house. Raj travelled 3825 m of the distance. What is the distance yet to be covered by Raj to reach Matin’s house? Concept 5.2: Estimate the Difference between Two Numbers 5) Estimate these differences: a) 65 – 15 b) 48 – 16 c) 67 – 32 d) 896 – 432 e) 679 – 387 6) Word problems a) In a class, there are 562 students. Of them, 118 are from the red group, 321 are from the green group, and the rest are from the blue group. How many students are in the blue group? b) Sneha has 77 balloons. She gives 42 balloons to her sister. About how many balloons remain with Sneha? 58 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 112

Concept 5.3: Subtract 2-digit Numbers Mentally 7) Subtract 2-digit numbers mentally without regrouping. a) 43 from 84 b) 24 from 76 c) 52 from 87 d) 34 from 75 e) 14 from 38 8) Subtract 2-digit numbers mentally with regrouping. a) 42 from 81 b) 28 from 84 c) 11 from 20 d) 23 from 51 e) 76 from 81 9) Word problems a) Rehmat has 48 pencils. He has used 29 pencils. How many pencils are left with him? b) Sam travelled for 23 km on Day 1 and 76 km on Day 2. How much more distance (in km) did Sam travel on Day 2 than on Day 1? Subtraction 59 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 113 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 114 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

EVS-I (SCIENCE) TERM 1 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 115 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

Preface IMAX partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials and processes that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system to drive learning. IMAX presents the latest version of the Maple series – updated and revised after considering the perceptive feedback and comments shared by our experienced reviewers and users. Designed specifically for state board schools, the Maple series endeavours to be faithful to the spirit of the State Curriculum Framework and the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005. Therefore, our books strive to ensure inclusiveness in terms of gender and diversity in representation, catering to the heterogeneous Indian classroom. The larger aim of the NCF 2005 regarding EVS-I teaching is to acknowledge and address the dynamic nature of EVS-I by focusing on the development of skills to acquire and process information scientifically. The Maple EVS-I textbooks and workbooks for state board schools offer the following features:  Interactive content that engages students through a range of open- ended questions that build curiosity and initiate scientific exploration  Opportunities for experimentation, analysis and synthesis of ideas and concepts  Exposure to locally relevant environmental problem solving  Effective use of visual elements to enable learning of structures, processes and phenomena  A focus on EVS-I specific vocabulary building  Integrated education of values and life skills  Promotion of participatory and contextualised learning through the engagement of all relevant stakeholders in the learning process Overall, the IMAX Maple EVS-I textbooks, workbooks and teacher companion books aim to enhance the development of scientific temper along with the inculcation of healthy habits, skills and values that promote environmentally sensitive and culturally responsive democratic citizenship among students. – The Authors 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 116 2/15/2018 10:08:11 AM

Textbook Features Let Us Learn About Think Contains the list of learning objectives to Introduces the concept/subtopic and be achieved in the lesson arouses curiosity among students Understanding Remembering • Explains the aspects in detail that form Introduces new concepts to build on the basis of the concept the prerequisite knowledge/skills required to understand and apply the objective • Includes elements to ensure that of the topic students are engaged throughout Application Amazing Facts Connects the concept to real-life Fascinating facts and trivia related to situations by enabling students to apply the concept what has been learnt through the practice questions Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Encourages students to extend the concept learnt to advanced application scenarios Inside the Lab Provides for hands-on experience with creating, designing and implementing something innovative and useful 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 117 2/15/2018 10:08:12 AM

Contents 3Class 1 My Hobbies������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 2 Family as First School��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 3 Organ Systems����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 4 Skeletal System���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 5 Way around Our Neighbourhood���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 6 Forms of Water������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 21 Inside the Lab – A������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25 Activity A1: Salt from Sea Water Activity A2: Create Your Compass 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 118 2/15/2018 10:08:12 AM

Lesson My Hobbies 1 Let Us Learn About R hobbies and their types. U how hobbies are useful to us. A choosing a hobby as a job. H my parents’ hobbies. Think Sam likes to watch movies in his free time. His sister likes photography. They enjoy doing these activities. What are such activities, other than your studies, called? Remembering You go to school every day to learn new things. You play with your friends at school. What do you do after school? At home, you do homework, watch TV, play and help your parents. How do you spend your free time on Sundays and holidays? 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 119 1 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM

different types of activities Some of the activities that you may enjoy doing are shown below. Guess what they are. 2 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 120

They are called hobbies. Hobbies are the activities that we do for relaxation when we have free time. There are different types of hobbies. They are shown in the chart given below: Types of hobbies sports outdoor arts collection making and recreation coins games painting stamps scrapbook birdwatching singing leaves making football stargazing feathers knitting gardening reading and pottery badminton writing cooking cricket dancing video games travelling photography yoga trekking running mountaineering swimming adventure sports Understanding HOW ARE HOBBIES HELPFUL TO US? People take up hobbies to be happy. But there are other benefits of hobbies too. Some of the benefits are as follows: 1) They keep us healthy: Hobbies like exercising, sports and games keep us healthy. 2) They help us to be creative: Hobbies like painting, writing and cooking help us to create something new. 3) They help us to make useful things: Hobbies like knitting and pottery help us to make useful things. 4) They help us to learn new things: Hobbies like reading books helps us to learn new things. A collection of stamps and coins helps us learn about different countries. 5) They teach us to work in groups: All hobbies which involve group activities teach us to work in groups. For example, games like football, hockey and so on. Group dancing also helps us learn to work in groups. My Hobbies 3 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 121 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM

Application You have learnt about the benefits of hobbies. Do all your friends have the same hobbies? One of your friends may like to play video games. Another friend may like to play badminton. Do you and your siblings playing video game playing badminton like the same games or activities? Some of your choices may be the same and some may be different. What could be the reason? People choose a hobby that they find interesting. Different people have different likes and dislikes. Therefore, different people have different hobbies. If we practise a hobby for a long time, we become good at it. Then, we can carry forward that hobby as a job. For many people, their hobbies become their jobs when they grow up. For example, V. V. S. Laxman, the Indian cricketer, was good at studies. However, he became a great batsman as playing cricket was his hobby. The famous V. V. S. Laxman J. K. Rowling author of Harry Potter - J. K. Rowling - wrote stories as a hobby. Her hobby has become her job. Discuss your hobbies with your friends. Make a list of one another’s hobbies. Write what your friends want to become when they grow up. 4 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 122

Your friends’ hobbies What your friends want to become Amazing Facts Did you know that collecting stamps is called the king of all hobbies? It is one of the most popular hobbies in the world. a collection of stamps Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Everyone has hobbies. What hobbies do your parents have? Did they have hobbies similar to yours when they were of your age? What could be the reason behind this? Find out. My Hobbies 5 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 123 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM

Lesson Family as First School 2 Let Us Learn About R habits and values. U how habits and values differ in families. A habits and values in my family. H good and bad habits. Think Arnav was playing near his house. He saw an old lady walking with a stick. The stick fell from her hand. Arnav picked up the stick and gave it back to her. Who taught him to do so? Remembering We live with our family members. We spend most of our time with them. So, we learn a lot from them. What do we learn from our family? Habits: These are activities that we eating sleeping running do daily. People have different habits. For example, eating, walking, talking, sleeping and so on. 6 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 124

Values: These are good actions and thoughts. Values help us to decide what is right or wrong. For example, respecting elders, taking care of younger ones and so on. respecting elders taking care of younger ones Understanding Some habits that we learn from our family members are: • the type of food we like to eat • the way we eat • table manners • the time we go to bed and wake up • how loudly or softly we talk or laugh learning table manners from parents How do we learn different values from our family? Being kind and helpful: What happens when you are sick? Your family takes care of you. Respecting others: Your parents talk to elders with respect. They listen to what the elders say. Being disciplined: Your parents get up on time and do the household work. They help you get ready for school. Then, they go to work. They have taught you to wake up early and not be late for school. Does your family behave in the same way as your friends’ families? No, you will find some differences. Habits and values within families are different. Family as First School 7 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 125 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM

In some families, the family members: praying before • touch the feet of elders a meal • stand up when elders enter the room • keep footwear outside the house • eat meals and celebrate festivals together • pray before meals and so on Do your family members follow any of these practices? Application You have read about the habits and values we learn from our families. What are the good habits and values that you have learnt from your family? Who is the family member you respect the most? Why do you respect him or her? Whom do you respect other than your family members? Some people you respect are your school principal, teachers, helpers, drivers, cleaners and so on. All of them help to run the school. Do you think that all the things we learn from others can be good for us? Do your parents or teachers say that you have learnt some bad habits? How can we make sure that throwing garbage fighting and shouting we learn only good things from around others? Find out with the help of your teachers and parents. Amazing Facts Did you know having breakfast is a healthy habit? Children who have breakfast everyday can study and play better than others! 8 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 126

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Write a letter to a family member. Talk about the good habits and values you have learnt from that person. Thank him or her for it. Also, write about any bad habits he or she should quit. Family as First School 9 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 127 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM

Lesson Organ Systems 3 Let Us Learn About R organs inside the body. U different organ systems and their parts. A the effect of daily activities on organ systems. H the position of different organs inside the body. Think When we breathe in, we take in air. Where does this air go? It goes inside our body. Let us find out what is inside our body. Remembering We have some special body parts. The parts of the body that help us to do special and important work are called organs. We see some organs from outside. However, there are some organs that are inside the body. We cannot see them. food pipe ORGANS INSIDE OUR BODY stomach Food pipe: It is a tube, which leads from the mouth, through the throat to the stomach. food pipe and stomach 10 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 128 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM

Stomach: It is a sack-like organ. When we eat windpipe food, it goes into the stomach through the food pipe. Windpipe: It is a tube that connects the throat lung to the lungs. It is also called the trachea. lungs heart Lungs: There is a pair of lungs in the chest. H eart: It is located a little to the left of the middle of our chest. It is about the size of our fist. Kidneys: We have a pair of kidneys. They are kidneys brain bean-shaped. Brain: It is present inside the head. Some organs inside our body form a group to do specific tasks. Such a group of organs is called an organ system. There are many such organ systems. Examples of some organ systems are the digestive system, circulatory system, skeletal system, muscular system and so on. Understanding SOME IMPORTANT ORGAN SYSTEMS Our body has many organs and organ systems. They work food pipe together to carry out different tasks. stomach The digestive system helps to take in food through our mouth intestines and food pipe. In our stomach, food heart is broken down to make it easy to blood digest(just like a mixer-grinder). The vessels digestive system consists of the mouth, food pipe, stomach and intestines. The respiratory system helps in breathing. digestive system The organs of this system are the nose, windpipe and lungs. The circulatory system sends blood to all parts of the body. The circulatory system heart is the most important organ in this system. Organ Systems 11 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 129 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM

It pumps blood to all the parts of the body just like a water pump. Blood flows through the blood vessels(thin tubes like water pipes). Our brain controls all activities of our body. It helps us to think and learn. The brain is a part of the nervous system. Application Now, you know about the different organ systems and how they work. Can we control all these organs? We cannot directly control the organs inside our body. The brain works even when you are sleeping. You breathe continuously when you are running, eating or sleeping. Is the breathing faster or slower when you are doing these activities? The heart beats continuously. Does the heart rate remain the same or does it change? Amazing Facts A child’s heart beats faster than an adult’s. Your heartbeat changes depending on the type of music you are listening to. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Draw an outline of the human body on a cardboard cutout of the body and organs and cut it out. Then, draw the different organs present inside our body on a piece of paper. Colour them. Cut out the organ shapes. Can you place these organ shapes correctly on the cutout of the body? To do this activity, you will need: a piece of cardboard, a piece of paper, pencil, crayons, scissors, gum 12 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 130

Lesson Skeletal System 4 Let Us Learn About R the skeletal system. U the functions of the skeletal system. A keeping our bones healthy. H the skeletal system in animals. Think Asif fell while cycling. He hurt his leg. His mother took him to the doctor. The doctor asked them to get an x-ray picture of the leg. Do you know what an x-ray picture tells us? an x-ray picture of the leg Remembering Hold your wrist. Do you feel something hard inside it? It is a bone. Our body has many such bones. At birth, we have around 300 bones. As we grow, some bones fuse and join. Adults have 206 bones. Joints are places where two bones meet. Example: knee, elbow All the bones in our body together form the skeletal system. 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 131 13 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM

IMPORTANT PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM skull Skull: Bones in the head form the skull. rib cage backbone Ribs: Bones around the chest form the ribs. The ribs (vertebrae) join in the front and back, to form a rib cage. Backbone: Many small bones join to form a rod- like structure called the backbone. It connects the neck to the lower back of our body. It is also called the vertebrae. human skeletal system Understanding FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 1) The skeletal system gives shape and support to our body. For example, skull bones give shape to our head and face while the backbone helps us to stay erect. Imagine how your body will be without a backbone! Bones store minerals inside them. These minerals make them strong enough to support our body. 2) It protects the organs inside our body. For example, the rib cage protects the lungs and the heart while the skull protects the brain. skull rib cage brain lung heart skull rib cage 14 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 132

3) The skeletal system helps us to move. Joints help our body to twist and turn. For example, leg joints help us to walk and run. Application HOW CAN WE KEEP OUR BONES STRONG AND HEALTHY? Healthy food: Vitamins and minerals like calcium make our bones strong. So, we must eat food items which contain these nutrients. Leafy vegetables, pulses and milk products are rich in calcium and vitamins. leafy vegetables pulses milk products Good posture: We should always sit straight in the upright posture to keep our bones strong. Exercise and play: Playing and exercising regularly keeps our bones strong and healthy. WHAT IS A FRACTURE? Sometimes bones may get hurt because of good and bad postures accidents or a bad fall on the playground. In such cases, the bones may crack or break. This crack or break is called a fracture. How can we know if there is a fracture in our bone? For this, an x-ray picture is taken. It helps the doctor to see the fracture in the bones. The doctor will then put a plaster around it. fracture The plaster keeps the bone in the correct position and helps in healing. Skeletal System 15 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 133 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM

plaster plaster helps to heal the fracture Amazing Facts The smallest bone in our body is found in our ear. This bone is called the stapes. The longest bone in our body is the thigh bone or femur. femur Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) You have learnt that humans have a skeletal system inside shell their body. Some animals have an exposed skeletal system. tortoise earthworm Have you seen a tortoise? It has a hard cover or shell on its body. The shell of a tortoise is an example of an exposed skeletal system. Make a list of animals having such shells. You must have seen many creepy crawlies like earthworms around your house. Do they have skeletal systems? 16 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 134

Lesson Way around Our 5 Neighbourhood Let Us Learn About r directions and sub-directions. u identifying directions. a mapping our neighbourhood. h the use of a compass. Think Can you help the puppy to find its way home? To reach its house the dog needs to know where to take the correct turns. Similarly, we also need to know our way to visit places in our neighbourhood or inside our school. How do we find our way? Remembering What do we need to know to go to any place? We should know the address and where it is located. When we tell someone how to go to a place, we give directions. While giving directions, we use words like left, right, straight and so on. We use these words in relation to a landmark. 17 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 135 2/15/2018 10:08:13 AM

A turn left turn right go straight go past cross ahead DIRECTIONS AND SUB-DIRECTIONS N S We also give directions using the four main directions – north (N), W E east (E), west (W) and south (S). There are also four sub-directions that lie between these main directions. They are north-east, north- west, south-east and south-west. north north- east north- west west east south- south south- west east directions and sub-directions Understanding How do you know which is the North and which is the finding directions East? Let us do an activity to find directions. Stand facing the Sun when it rises. That direction is the East. Open your arms as shown in the picture. The direction behind you is the West. Your right-hand shows the South. Your left-hand shows the North. 18 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 136 2/15/2018 10:08:14 AM

These directions and sub-directions help us to know places in our neighbourhood. They also help us to read maps of our city, district, state and so on. Application To read a map, you need to know the directions that you have learnt. A map is given below. It shows a ‘house’. Riya lives in this house. Her house is east-facing. She wants to go to the post office to post a letter to her friend. Let us help Riya. West South North East map Since Riya’s house is east-facing, she faces the East when she steps out. The directions are as follows: • Step out of the house and go to the road on your left. • Turn west. • Walk westward on the road. • Turn left towards the South at the end of the road. • The post office is at the corner of the road. Is there any other way to reach the post office? Discuss with your friends. Way around Our Neighbourhood 19 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 137 2/15/2018 10:08:14 AM

Amazing Facts An interesting way of remembering directions is: Never Eat Slimy Worms N = North, E = East, S = South, W = West Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) One more way of finding directions is to use a compass. It is a device used to find directions on the surface of the Earth. It has a needle which always points towards the north-south direction. It is mainly used in ships to understand the direction. compass 20 2/15/2018 10:08:14 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 138

Lesson Forms of Water 6 Let Us Learn About R forms of water. U the water cycle. A changing water forms around us. H how salt is got from sea water. Think While going to school, Aslam saw a puddle on the road. But while coming back from school, he found that it had dried up. How did the water disappear? puddle Remembering We hang clothes out in the sun to dry. Why do wet clothes clothes hung in the sun dry after some time? Heat from sunlight changes the water in the clothes to water vapour. The water vapour moves out of the clothes and the clothes dry. We can also see water change into vapour when we boil water. water vapour 21 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 139 2/15/2018 10:08:14 AM

When cooled, water vapour changes into water. Very cold conditions change water to ice. We find ice inside refrigerators and in very cold places around the world. ice ice-covered land On heating, ice melts to form water. Let us now learn about the three forms of water. What are the differences melting ice water between water, water vapour and ice? Ice has a shape. It does not flow. Water flows and does not have a shape of its own. It takes the shape of the vessel it is kept in. Water always flows downwards. Water vapour has no shape. It always moves upwards and mixes with the air around. All three forms of water have no colour, smell and taste. Understanding We get water from rain. The rainwater gets collected in water bodies like rivers, ponds, lakes and so on. Some of the water that goes into the soil is stored underground. During daytime, heat from the Sun changes the water of the water bodies into vapour form. The water vapour thus formed goes upwards and cools down. It forms small water droplets. These water droplets (with other things) form clouds in 22 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 140 2/15/2018 10:08:14 AM

the sky. Inside the clouds, the water droplets combine to form big drops. When the water drops in the clouds become heavy, they fall as rain. During winter, in some very cold places, water changes to ice and snow. Thus, water changes its form and always moves from the water bodies to the clouds and back. This movement is called the water cycle. It makes water available to all living things. Clouds Rain Water vapour water cycle Application We have read that clouds give us rain. How do rain clouds look like? Rain clouds are dark in colour. They are heavy and filled with water droplets. clouds rain clouds Why is it that all clouds do not come down as rain? Find out. Have you ever been to a sea-shore? We sweat a lot when we are at the sea shore. Do you know the reason for this? At sea- shores, the air is filled with water vapour. So, the water in our sweat does not get changed into vapour easily. sea-shore Forms of Water 23 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 141 2/15/2018 10:08:14 AM

Have you seen dew drops on leaves in the morning? Where do water droplets on a they come from? Some water vapour is always present in the glass of cold water air around us. It cools down when it touches any cold surface. This is the reason why we see water droplets on a glass of cold water. We learnt that wet clothes dry due to the heat from the Sun. How do wet clothes dry when we keep them indoors? In monsoon, clothes dry with difficulty. Why is it so? Amazing Facts Fog is a cloud that appears very close to the ground. fog Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Do you know that common salt is prepared sea water collected in ponds from sea water? Sea water contains a lot of salt. So, it is unfit for drinking. This salt can be separated out. For this, the sea water is collected in open ponds. Due to the heat from the sunlight, the water changes into vapour. The salt which remains in the ponds is collected and purified to be used as common salt. 24 2/15/2018 10:08:14 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 142

Inside the Lab – A Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity A1: Salt from Sea Water In the lesson ‘Forms of Water’, we learnt that water exists in three different forms. Let us see how we get salt from sea water due to the changing forms of water. You will need: sea water collected in ponds salt, some tap water, a saucepan, spoon, stove, tray and a black plastic sheet. You need to: 1) add two cups of water to the pan. Place it on the stove. Let the water boil. 2) add salt to the hot water in the pan. Mix it well with a spoon. Salt dissolves faster in hot water. Continue adding salt until it stops dissolving in the hot water. Eventually, you’ll reach a point at which the salt won’t dissolve anymore, no matter how hot the water is. When you reach that point, turn the stove off and let the water cool slightly. 3) spread the black plastic sheet inside the tray. 4) pour the water from the pan into the tray. 5) keep the tray out in the sun for two days. (The location should be chosen wisely to prevent the setup from any external damage.) black plastic paper and tray The water will change into water vapour. This will leave behind crystals of salt in the tray. They are small and shiny. Salt is prepared from sea water in a similar way. Sea water changes into water vapour during summer, leaving behind salt. 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 143 25 2/15/2018 10:08:14 AM

Activity A2: Create Your Compass The magnetic compass is used to detect or find out directions: north, south, east and west. It has a magnetic needle that points to the north. You can easily make your own compass. You will need: compass a bar magnet, needle, cork disc, cup/bowl/glass, pair of pliers and water You need to: 1) rub a magnet over the needle about twenty times. Always rub in the same direction. 2) cut off a small portion from one end of the cork, magnet about 1 inch thick, making a small cork disc. This needle 4 step should be done with the help of the teacher. 3) put the cork disc on a flat surface. Carefully push the needle through the side of the disc as shown in the picture. Use the pair of pliers to push the needle. This step should be done only with the help of the teacher. 4) fill a deep cup, glass or bowl with water till at least half full. 5) place the cork disk on the surface of the water. Try to keep the disc floating in the centre of the water, away from the sides of the cup. 6) place your compass on a flat surface and watch what happens. What does the needle do? When it stops moving, which direction does it point towards? 26 2/15/2018 10:08:14 AM 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 144

EVS - II (SOCIAL STUDIES) TERM - 1 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 145 TERM 1 2/15/2018 10:08:14 AM

Preface IMAX partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials and processes that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system to drive learning. IMAX presents the latest version of the Maple series – updated and revised after considering the perceptive feedback and comments shared by our experienced reviewers and users. Designed specifically for state board schools, the Maple series endeavours to be faithful to the spirit of the State Curriculum Framework and National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005. Therefore, our books strive to ensure inclusiveness in terms of gender and diversity in representation, catering to the heterogeneous Indian classroom. The NCF 2005 advocates the creation of age-appropriate and easily relatable content that ensures that students can perceive social realities while imbibing the values of the Indian constitution and human rights. The NCF also recommends the use of graphics, illustrations and pictures to help students to engage with concepts and ideas better. These objectives are integrated in the Maple EVS-II textbooks and workbooks to provide a holistic learning experience to students. The key features of the Maple EVS-II books are as follows:  Arrangement of concepts based on the RUAH model based on Bloom’s Taxonomy  Character- and dialogue-based introductions to concepts to ground EVS-II concepts in reality to make them relatable to students  V isually engaging formats for the organisation and presentation of information  In-text activities to assist memorisation and understanding  Subject-related vocabulary building in every lesson  Use of timelines and historical maps to help students to develop timeline, map and globe skills  Use of maps and scenario-based questions in the workbooks  Integration of values and life skills  Promotes awareness and personal responsibility through dialogue and enquiry about the world around us Overall, the IMAX Maple series aims to enhance social, cultural and analytical skills for the intuitive and harmonious growth of an individual in an interconnected and independent global community. – The Authors 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 146 20/185-/F2e0b1-81810:40:81:414:0A3MPM

Textbook Features Let Us Learn About Think Contains the list of concepts to be covered in Introduces the concept/subtopic and arouses the lesson along with the learning objectives curiosity among students Understanding Remembering Explains the aspects in detail that form Introduces new concepts to build on the the basis of the concept prerequisite knowledge/skills to understand Includes elements to ensure that students and achieve the objective of the topic are engaged throughout Pin-Up Note – Contains key retention points Application from the concept Connects the concept to real-life situations by giving an opportunity to apply what students have learnt Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Encourages students to extend the concept learnt to advanced application scenarios Amazing Facts Fascinating facts and trivia for students to establish a better real-life connect with the concept. 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 147 20/185-/F2e0b1-81810:40:81:415:0A4MPM

Contents 3Class 1 Maps 1.1 Using and Making Maps����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 2 Discovering India - I 2.1 Parts of India and Its Government����������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 3 Discovering India - II 3.1 India’s Location and Physical Features��������������������������������������������������������������� 18 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 148 20/185-/F2e0b1-81810:40:81:415:0A5MPM

Lesson Maps 1 Let Us Learn About 1.1 R maps and what we can see on a map. U how a map is made and its uses. A how and where maps are used. h making a map. Concept 1.1: Using and Making Maps Think Rashi, Meher and their families are going for a wedding. Mrs Jain: Do you know where the wedding hall is? Mrs Irani: It’s called J K Hall. It is near Grant Road. Mr Irani: I have never heard of J K Hall. But, I do know how to reach Grant Road. Meher: Look! There’s a picture on the invitation. It shows us where J K Hall is. Mr Jain: Very good, Meher! You have found a map. It will tell us where to go. QQ. What do we call a picture that shows us where a place is? (A) a map (B) a drawing (C) a page (D) an invitation 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 149 1 20/185-/F2e0b1-81810:40:81:416:0A6MPM

Remembering A crow flies high over Meher’s school. It can see the tops of buildings, the roads and the playground. Look at what the crow can see. the view from the top a picture of this view When we draw a picture of this view, it is a map. We can make a map of any place in the world. We can even draw the map of Meher’s classroom. Imagine that the classroom has no ceiling. This way we can look down into the room and see the tops of different objects. Let us make some signs to show these things in the classroom. The signs used on a map are called symbols. A map is a drawing of a place. It uses place names, signs, pictures and colours to show information. Object Symbol Object Symbol teacher’s table blackboard students’ desks and cupboard window chairs window dustbin 20/185-/F2e0b1-81810:40:81:416:0A7MPM 2 51704994_BGM_181910048-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term1_Text.pdf 150