Discovering India - II 47 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 47 12/11/2017 8:02:15 PM
I Understand THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS The Northern Mountains form a boundary between India and China. They consist of the Himalayas. Many important rivers start from the Himalayas. Example: Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra Some cities and states located in the Northern Mountains Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir Dehradun, Uttarakhand Shimla, Himachal Pradesh Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh Gangtok, Sikkim THE NORTHERN PLAINS This region lies to the south of the Himalayan Mountains. The River Ganga flows through the Northern Plains. Hence, the region is also known as the Gangetic Plain. Other than the Ganga, the River Yamuna also flows through this region. These rivers have made the Northern Plains excellent for farming. Some cities and states located in the Northern Plains Delhi, National Capital Region Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh Patna, Bihar THE GREAT INDIAN DESERT This region is also known as the Thar Desert. Here, the summers are very hot, and the winters very cold. This region also receives very little rainfall. Some cities and states located in the Great Indian Desert Jaipur, Rajasthan Deesa, Gujarat THE SOUTHERN PLATEAU The Southern Plateau is the largest region in India. It is triangular in shape. The River Narmada divides the Southern Plateau into two parts – the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. The Central Highlands lie in the north. Some rivers that flow through 48 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 48 12/11/2017 8:02:16 PM
this region are Chambal, Betwa and Son. The Deccan Plateau lies to the south of the Central Highlands. It covers most part of southern India. Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri are the three main rivers of the Deccan Plateau. Some cities and states located in the Central Highlands Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Raipur, Chhattisgarh Ranchi, Jharkhand Some cities and states located in the Deccan Plateau Bengaluru, Karnataka Hyderabad, Telangana Pune, Maharashtra THE COASTAL PLAINS In India, there are two long stretches of coastal plains. They run along the east and the west coasts of India. They are called the Eastern Coastal Plains and the Western Coastal Plains, respectively. These plains are popular for fishing. Some cities and states located in the Coastal Plains Chennai, Tamil Nadu Bhubaneswar, Odisha Mumbai, Maharashtra Panaji, Goa THE ISLANDS India has two groups of islands. They are located on either side of the coastal plains. The Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea, next to the Western Coastal Plain. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal, next to the Eastern Coastal Plain. The islands are known for their natural beauty. Train My Brain 1) What is a ‘plain’? 2) What are the Eastern Coastal Plains? Discovering India - II 49 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 49 12/11/2017 8:02:16 PM
I Apply EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL FEATURES ON PEOPLE, PLANTS AND ANIMALS The Northern Mountains It is difficult to build roads through the mountains. So, there are very few roads in the Northern Mountains. People living here normally use mules for travelling. The ice-covered Himalayas make this region very cold. Therefore, the animals found in this region have thick fur. The Northern Plains The Northern Plains are flat and have many rivers. So, crops grow well. Many people practise farming in this region. They grow crops such as rice, wheat and sugarcane. The rivers and some cities alongside them are holy for the Hindus. Examples: Haridwar, Ayodhya and Varanasi The Great Indian Desert The Hump of a camel Deserts get very little rain. So, people have to walk long distances to get water. Food is scarce in this region. So, animals in this region have special organs to store food. Example: Camels store their food in humps. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) You can see pictures of two different regions. • Which region would you like to visit? • What things would you carry with you when you visit the region? • What activities would you like to do in this region? 50 12/11/2017 8:02:17 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 50
Be Amazed Many rare animals live in the waters surrounding India’s islands. One such animal is the ‘dugong’. It is found in the waters surrounding the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Dugongs are also called sea cows because they eat grass growing in seas. Connect the Dots English Fun Which words rhyme with the following? • hill • plain • mountain • lake • river Science Fun This is a picture of a cactus plant. It grows in deserts. The green fleshy parts are not the leaves. They are the stem of the plant. The cactus requires very little water to stay alive. Discovering India - II 51 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 51 12/11/2017 8:02:24 PM
A Note to Parent Discuss the physical features of your hometown with your child and discuss the local vegetables and fruits available. Also do this when you go anywhere for a vacation. Point out to them the various landforms, vegetation and climate of the region. New Words 1) climate – the weather of a place over a long period 2) continent – a large mass of land 3) coastal – something that is from an area right next to a sea or an ocean 4) plain – a low, flat land 5) plateau – a raised land with a flat top 6) desert – a place covered with sand and rocks with few plants 7) island – an area of land surrounded by water 8) consist of – made up of 9) mule – an animal that has a horse and a donkey as parents 10) scarce – very less 11) rare – not found easily; not common 12) hump – a rounded fleshy bump on the back of a camel 52 12/11/2017 8:02:25 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 52
Lesson United We Stand - I 7 I Will Learn About 7.1 R culture, languages, clothing and food habits of different people of India. U diversity and how natural regions and climate affect culture. A ‘unity in diversity’ in India. h comparison of the cultures of different states. Concept 7.1: Languages, Food and Clothing I Think Rashi is having lunch with the Irani family. They are discussing the similarities and the differences between the Irani and Jain families. Meher: Rashi, would you like to taste this patrani machchi? It’s a famous Parsi fish dish. Rashi: I’m sure it’s very tasty. But, I’m vegetarian! The whole Jain family is vegetarian. Meher: Wow! That’s interesting. We know very few vegetarian families. Most of our Parsi family and friends love patrani machchi and mutton dhansak. Rashi: Did you know we speak similar languages? You speak Gujarati and I speak Marwari. Our ancestors were neighbours too! PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 53 53 12/11/2017 8:02:29 PM
Q. What can be said about the Irani and Jain families? (A) They are both vegetarian. (B) They both enjoy non-vegetarian food. (C) They both speak similar languages. (D) Their languages are very different from each other. I Remember India is one country with many different cultures. What makes Indians so diverse? LANGUAGES, FOOD AND CLOTHING Hindi and English are the official languages of the central government. Official languages are used by governments for their work. States choose their own official languages. The 22 official languages used in India are: • Assamese • Bengali • Bodo • Dogri • Gujarati • Hindi • Kannada • Kashmiri • Konkani • Maithili • Malayalam • Manipuri • Marathi • Nepali • Odia • Punjabi • Sanskrit • Santali • Sindhi • Tamil • Telugu • Urdu Other than these, there are 1699 languages in India. The language, food, Example: Bhojpuri, Tulu, Lepcha, Marwari and many clothing and other habits more. Do you speak a language that is not on this list? of a group of people is What is it? called their culture. 54 12/11/2017 8:02:30 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 54
Look at the map. It shows only languages used by the majority of people in different regions. United We Stand - I 55 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 55 12/11/2017 8:02:31 PM
I Understand Indians have different kinds of food and clothing, too. Read about these people from different parts of India. Find out which state they live in 1, their language 2, their clothes 3 and their favourite food 4. Find them and their families on the map given in the previous section. Assalam alaykum! I am Afshan. Namaste, I am Murali. 1 Jammu and Kashmir 1 Rajasthan 2 Kashmiri and Urdu 2 Hindi and Marwari 3 pheran 3 bright turbans, cotton 4 kulcha and rogan josh clothes with mirrors 4 dal baati Salemu! I am Akavi. Namaskar, I am Savita. 1 Maharashtra 1 Nagaland 2 Marathi 3 sari 2 Ao and English 4 bhakari (like a roti) and 3 woollen shawl bharit (made from brinjal) 4 meat, fish, rice and vegetables with tathu (tathu is a chutney) 56 12/11/2017 8:02:49 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 56
Hello! I am Julie. Namaskaram, I am Lakshmi. 1 Goa 2 English, Konkani and some 1 Karnataka Portuguese 2 Kannada 3 cotton pants and shirt 4 vindaloo – meat in a curry 3 sari 4 bisi bele bhath – rice cooked with spices and dals Vanakkam! I am Karthik. Write about yourself here: 1 Tamil Nadu 2 Tamil and English 1 ______________________ Paste a 3 mundu 2 ______________________ picture of 4 idli 3 ______________________ yourself in 4 ______________________ traditional clothes here. ______________________ ______________________ In India, people often speak more than one language. People who can speak two languages are called bilingual. People who can speak three or more languages are called multilingual. Most Indians are bilingual, and many are multilingual. The different languages, types of food and clothing make India diverse. Diversity means a ‘variety or range of different things’. REASONS FOR DIVERSITY India has cold mountains in the north and warm plains in the south. We have dry heat in the west and humidity in the east. The climate and natural regions affect the culture of each region. United We Stand - I 57 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 57 12/11/2017 8:03:01 PM
Climate and natural regions affect the crops grown. The staple diet or main food depends on what is easily available. It also affects the clothing of different regions. It is cold in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and so on. Clothing: People use warm, woollen clothing. Kashmiri Pashmina shawls and shawls from Nagalnd and Manipur are famous. Food: Seasonal fruits and vegetables are used to make food. Meat is popular too. In the desert of Rajasthan and Gujarat, it is either very hot or very cold. There are very few trees, plants and flowers found. Clothing: Clothes are made from light cotton cloth. They are bright and colourful. Mirrors are used to decorate clothes. Woollen shawls are used to keep warm. Food: Meat is popular in the desert. In the plains, highlands and plateaus, the climate is good for agriculture. Many grains are grown. Clothing: People wear cotton dhotis, kurtas and saris in the warm season and warm clothes in the colder season. Food: Grains, seasonal fruits and vegetables are used. It is hot and humid in the coastal regions of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal. Clothing: People wear cotton mundus, dhotis and saris. These loose cotton clothes do not stick to the body. Food: Fish is an important part of the staple diet. Rice grows as well. Hence people make many dishes from rice. 58 12/11/2017 8:03:02 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 58
Train My Brain 1) What does ‘majority’ mean? 2) Which food is popular in the mountains and deserts? I Apply 1) Which languages are hidden in these jumbled letters? • UNPBIAJ – _____________________ • UUDR – _____________________ • IDHNI – _____________________ • DOOB – _____________________ 2) You read about the following people in the table. Find out about the languages they speak 2. Tick those who are bilingual. Circle those who are multilingual. Savita Karthik Lakshmi Julie Akavi Murali Afshan How many languages do you speak? Are you bilingual? Are you multilingual? Indians are diverse. Yet, we are part of one big country. This is why people say India has unity in diversity. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) 59 1) Choose any two states along with a partner. Find out: 12/11/2017 8:03:05 PM • their official languages. • one traditional food item from each state. United We Stand - I PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 59
Find a picture of the traditional clothes worn in those states. Make a chart and compare them. Try to find a partner who is from another state. Be Amazed There are more than 100 ways to wear a sari. Here are four popular ways. Connect the Dots Science Fun Very small living organisms in food can change the food. The look, smell and feel of the food changes. This is called fermentation. Dishes such as idli are made by fermentation. English Fun Many words from Indian languages have become a part of English. The Gujarati word ‘bungalo’ is used for a house in English. It is spelled ‘bungalow’ in English. A Note to Parent Organise a small fancy dress party for your child and their friends. Ask them to wear their traditional dresses to the party. Their parents can bring the food they cook at home. Enjoy the diversity of India throughout this event. 60 12/11/2017 8:03:16 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 60
New Words 1) vegetarian – of the type who do not eat meat 2) ancestor – those members of a particular group who have lived and died many, many years ago 3) majority – most of a certain group 4) humidity – the amount of water (vapour) in the air 5) climate – the usual weather conditions of a place 6) unity – being together; feeling like a part of one group United We Stand - I 61 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 61 12/11/2017 8:03:16 PM
Lesson United We Stand - II 8 I Will Learn About 8.1 R communities and some major communities of India. U the reasons for celebrating festivals. A how communities are created. h my classroom community. Concept 8.1: Communities and Festivals I Think Rashi: Meher, I’m sorry I fought with you three months ago. an agiary a derasar Meher: Oh! You said sorry that same day. Why are you saying sorry again today? Rashi: Today is ‘Paryushana Parva’. On this day, we, Jains, say sorry for the wrong things we did. We do this every year. It usually falls in August or September. Do Parsis do special things like this? Meher: Of course, we do! We just celebrated Parsi New Year – or Navroze. Mom had the whole house cleaned. On this day, we go to the agiary to pray. Rashi: A Jain temple is a derasar. So, an agiary is a Parsi temple, correct? Meher: Yes, you’re right. Also, Rashi, I forgive you for that fight. Rashi: Oh thank you, Meher! 62 12/11/2017 8:03:19 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 62
Q. Meher and Rashi are talking about: (A) their hobbies (B) their family celebrations (C) their classmates (D) their experiences at school I Remember India has many different communities. They have A community is a group different languages, food and clothing habits. of people who share a They also practise various forms of art. This includes common culture. music, dance, drama, drawing, painting and writing. Objects made from different materials is also a form of art. COMMUNITIES IN INDIA People from a place form the community of that place. People from Mumbai form Mumbai’s community. Communities from the same place usually FOLLOWERS OF THE share the same language. People who speak MAJOR RELIGIONS OF INDIA Assamese form the Assamese community. A religious community has people who follow the same religion. Some religions practised across India are: • Hinduism ● Islam • Buddhism ● Jainism • Christianity ● Zoroastrianism • Sikhism People of the same religion usually celebrate the same festivals. FESTIVALS A festival is a celebration of an event. We can learn about a community’s culture and traditions through its festivals. United We Stand - II 63 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 63 12/11/2017 8:03:22 PM
I Understand Different communities celebrate different festivals throughout the year. Many festivals are celebrated with new clothes, special food and traditional dances. NATIONAL FESTIVALS Two days are very important in all parts of India: Republic Day Republic Day and Independence Day. Republic Day is celebrated on 26th January. Independence Day is celebrated on 15th August. They remind us of the people who made India a free country. There are other national festivals as well. SPECIAL OCCASIONS Festivals are celebrated to remember the birthdays of important people. Date Special occasion Why is it celebrated? 14th April Ambedkar Jayanti Dr B.R. Ambedkar was the first law minister of independent India. 5th September Teacher’s Day S. Radhakrishnan was a President of India. He dreamed of excellent teachers in India. 2nd October Gandhi Jayanti M.K. Gandhi helped India become a free country. 14th November Children’s Day J. Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He believed children were very important for India. RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS Many festivals celebrate the harvest season. Crops are gathered from the fields at the time of harvest. Harvest festival Community Baisakhi people of Punjab Holi people of Uttar Pradesh and many other states of India Navratri people of Gujarat, Rajasthan and many other states of India Onam people of Kerala Pongal people of Tamil Nadu 64 12/11/2017 8:03:26 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 64
The New Year’s days for different communities are also important festivals. Name of the festival Community Gudi Padwa people of Maharashtra Muharram Muslim community Ugadi people of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Nowruz Parsi community Some festivals celebrate the end of a long religious period. Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan. Eid-ul-Fitr celebrates the end of Ramadan. Christians fast during the period of Lent. At the end of Lent, Easter is celebrated. Can you guess what festivals are shown in the images? Fill in the blanks. __hi__d__e__’s Da__ B__i__a__h__ G__d__ Pa__w__ Events in the lives of gods and goddesses are also celebrated. For Hindus, Bonalu, Durga Puja and Ganesh Chaturthi celebrate visits of gods to the Earth. Durga Puja and Dussehra are celebrated to mark good winning over evil. 25th December – Christmas – is an important celebration for Christians. It marks the birthday of Jesus Christ. These are very few Indian festivals. There are many, many more. Do you know of any other festivals of India? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ United We Stand - II 65 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 65 12/11/2017 8:03:34 PM
Train My Brain 1) What is art? 2) What is harvest? I Apply You can belong to many communities at the same time. Example: You can be a Bengali Christian, a Bihari Muslim or a Sikh Tamil. Many people move from one state to another. Your parents or grandparents might have been from a different state. You may feel like you belong to your old state as well as your new state. People who share the same interests form communities. They celebrate their own festivals. People who love reading can form one community. People who love football can form another community. A person can thus, belong to more than one community. Nowadays, people with similar interests create communities even on the internet. They share their ideas and experiences. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Discuss the following with a partner. Make a booklet with their information and photographs. Use the following points. An example has been provided for you. • language or languages he or she speaks • his or her family’s religion • state or region his or her ancestors belonged to • two hobbies • his or her favourite actor or actress 66 12/11/2017 8:03:34 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 66
Were there any similarities or differences between you and your classmate? Be Amazed In a place called Lopburi in Thailand, there is a festival for monkeys. People leave fruits and treats on the road for monkeys to eat. Thousands of monkeys come to Lobpuri to eat these fruits. People believe these monkeys bring good luck. Connect the Dots Maths Fun Ravana from the Hindu epic – Ramayana – had 10 heads. If there were 3 Ravanas, how many heads would there be in all? Science Fun Many communities start their New Year with the Spring Harvest season. How many seasons are there in a year? Name them. United We Stand - II 67 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 67 12/11/2017 8:03:42 PM
A Note to Parent While celebrating festivals, explain why you celebrate them and what it means to belong to a community. Encourage your child to participate in festivals of other communities. Introduce them to the different cultures and communities of India. New Words 1) fast – to not eat for a certain period 68 12/11/2017 8:03:42 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 68
Lesson The Solar System 9 I Will Learn About 9.1 R the solar system. U how the solar system fits into the universe and why the Earth is a living planet. A space exploration. h solving riddles to identify heavenly bodies. Concept 9.1: The Sun and the Planets I Think The children and Mrs Irani are watching the night sky on their terrace. Mrs Irani: Look at the bright stars tonight. All these stars are far off in space. Rashi: But what is ‘space’? Morad: Space is the place beyond the Earth, where all the stars and planets are. Meher: What is the difference between a star and a planet? Is the Earth a star or a planet? Q. What is the Earth? (A) a star (B) a planet PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 69 69 12/11/2017 8:03:49 PM
I Remember We live on a planet called the Earth. It is a part of A set of planets, a large system called the solar system. Our solar continuously moving system is made up of the Sun, eight planets and around a star, is called their satellites and other heavenly bodies. a planetary system. Our planetary system is PLANETS called the solar system. A planet is a very big ball-shaped object found in 7) Uranus space. Look at the images and find the planets 8) Neptune numbered as following: 1) Mercury 3) Earth 5) Jupiter 2) Venus 4) Mars 6) Saturn 70 12/11/2017 8:03:50 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 70
STARS The planets continuously move around the Sun. The Sun is a star. A star is a burning, ball-shaped object in space. It shines with its own light. A star is very hot. We can feel the heat of the Sun on Earth. NATURAL SATELLITES a star The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth. A natural a planet with its satellite is a ball-shaped object, which travels around a natural satellites planet. Natural satellites do not have their own light. So, why does the Moon shine? Point a torch at a mirror. You will see a light. But it is not the mirror’s own light. The light from the torch is seen in the mirror. Natural satellites are like mirrors. They do not have their own light. They reflect the light of the Sun. OTHER HEAVENLY BODIES Other than planets and stars many objects are found in space. Natural objects such as rocks in space are called asteroids and meteors. The rocks between Mars (4) and Jupiter (5) make up the Asteroid Belt. A comet is a small, burning object that passes through the solar system again and again. It burns in such a way that a Asteroid Belt tail forms behind it. It is commonly known as shooting stars. A famous comet is the Halley’s Comet. It takes about 75 years to travel around the solar system and pass by Earth. It was last seen in 1986. It will pass close to the Earth again in 2061. the Halley’s Comet The Solar System 71 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 71 12/11/2017 8:03:56 PM
I Understand OUR UNIVERSE You are a part of your class; your class is a part of your school and your school is a part of your city. Similarly, the Sun, the Earth and neighbouring planets are parts of larger groups of heavenly bodies. A collection of many planetary systems and clouds of gas and dust is called a galaxy. There are uncountable galaxies. The name of our galaxy is the Milky Way. All these galaxies are a part of the universe. OUR LIVING WORLD The Earth is the only known planet where living things are found. What makes it possible for living things to be on the Earth? The planets very close to the Sun are very hot. Mercury is the hottest planet. As we go farther and farther away from the Sun, the planets become cooler. Neptune is the coldest planet in our solar system. Since the Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives the right amount of light and heat. There is also plenty of water on Earth. Water, air and heat are needed for living things to grow. This is why the Earth is called the ‘living planet’. Train My Brain 1) What does ‘heavenly bodies’ mean? 2) What is the name of our galaxy? 72 12/11/2017 8:04:03 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 72
I Apply For hundreds of years, people have wanted Yuri Gagarin Rakesh Sharma to explore space. Long ago, people could Mangalyaan only look at the sky and try to study it. The first person to travel into space was Yuri Gagarin from Russia in 1961. Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to travel into space. The Moon is the only heavenly body that people have travelled to. Machines sent into space help us learn about our neighbouring planets and heavenly bodies. Example: Mangalyaan was sent to study Mars in 2013 by India. It takes photographs of Mars and the space around it. Mangalyaan is famous as it was successful on the first try. Space exploration is expensive and dangerous. So, all missions have to be very well-planned. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Solve these riddles: 1) I am a ball-shaped natural object found in space. I shine with my own light. What am I? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________ 2) I am called a shooting star. But, I am just a rock in space. What am I? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________ Be Amazed The Earth has one Moon. Did you know that Jupiter has at least 53 moons? Some scientists say that Jupiter has 67 moons! The Solar System 73 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 73 12/11/2017 8:04:08 PM
Connect the Dots English Fun Write the English names of the following planets: Shani ― _________________________ Mangal ― _________________________ Budh ― _________________________ Shukra ― _________________________ Prithvi ― _________________________ Maths Fun Write the ordinal positions of the following planets. One has been done for you: Venus ― 2nd second Saturn ― _________________________ Neptune ― _________________________ A Note to Parent Information about space and the universe is constantly being updated. Encourage your child to read the newspaper and understand the new discoveries being made about space and our universe. New Words 1) heavenly bodies ― the natural objects found in space 2) reflect ― throw back the same light 3) neighbouring ― very close to; next to; around 4) u niverse ― the name given to the great collection of all the living things, planets, stars, satellites, galaxies and so on 5) explore – to find out more about (something) 6) expensive – something that costs a lot of money 74 12/11/2017 8:04:11 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 74
Lesson Things We Make and Do 10 I Will Learn About 10.1 R what an occupation is. U different kinds of occupations. A how occupations are changing. h occupations that are not common anymore. Concept 10.1: Our Occupations I Think Rashi was not well. Her mother took her to the doctor. The doctor asked her to take medicines and eat green leafy vegetables. Now, they are on their way to buy medicines and vegetables. Rashi: Ma! Will I get better after I have the medicines? Mrs Jain: Yes, Rashi. You will be fine. Rashi: But I don’t like medicines. They taste bitter. Mrs Jain: You have to eat them, dear. Now let’s hurry up. Mrs Jain: Come, now we also need to go to the greengrocer. The doctor said you need to eat green leafy vegetables to become strong. Q. Who sells medicines that the doctor asks us to have? (A) teacher (B) chemist (C) police (D) greengrocer PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 75 75 12/11/2017 8:04:13 PM
I Remember Greengrocers, doctors, chemists are occupations that people have. ‘Occupation’ means the job or work people do to earn money. They spend that money to buy things and pay bills. People choose occupations according to: • their interests • what they learn • their skills Example: Some people are interested in sports and fitness. They may become sportspersons or join the police or army. When people work, they either do some action or make something. Example: A teacher does the work of teaching. A potter’s work is to make pots. Here are some occupations that involve people doing some actions: doctor sweeper teacher policeman greengrocer driver 76 12/11/2017 8:04:28 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 76
Here are some occupations that involve people making things: farmer factory worker chef potter carpenter construction worker I Understand People who do People who make Their actions are the main part of their They help us by creating or making occupation. things. Example: Sweepers sweep the streets to Example: Farmers grow crops we eat. keep them clean. We can only see the actions they do. We can see, touch and feel the things they make. We can see the work they do every day. They may take days, weeks or even Example: We can see a teacher months to make things. teaching every day. Example: Farmers take about 100 days to grow onions. Examples: Examples: • teachers • farmers • doctors • potters • sweepers • factory workers • police • chefs • nurses • carpenters Things We Make and Do 77 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 77 12/11/2017 8:04:46 PM
SOME MORE OCCUPATIONS Monitors in your classroom make sure that everybody follows the rules. The police are the monitors of our country. The police must: A police post or a police station is a place where • keep our neighbourhoods safe. several policemen and policewomen work. • make sure that people follow rules. A police post is smaller in • catch people who try to harm others. size than a police station. When someone does something wrong, we can complain to the police. To do this, we must go to a police post or a police station. The police help us record what happened. They write down the complaint. Sweepers Sweepers keep our streets clean. They mostly work during early mornings. This is when there is less traffic on the road. Sweepers work every day. They work in all kinds of weather. They work very hard. We can respect them by throwing waste in dustbins wherever we are. Farmers Farmers grow different crops. Many farmers also rear cows, hens and goats. These animals provide us with many useful products. Factory workers Factory workers work in factories. They make different food products we get from things like cars, utensils, shoes, television sets and so animals on. They learn how to use different types of tools and machines. Some other occupations Postal workers, nurses, painters, electricians, carpenters, mechanics and plumbers are a few other occupations. Can you name some more? Remember: All occupations are important. We should respect people of every occupation. a factory worker 78 12/11/2017 8:04:50 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 78
Train My Brain 1) Name occupations the involve people making things. 2) What does a factory worker do? I Apply CHANGES IN OCCUPATIONS OVER TIME New inventions: When new machines are invented, people who can operate these machines are required. This means that new occupations are created. Example: After the camera was invented, people started a person operating working as camerapersons and photographers. a camera How machines are effective: Sometimes, machines can do things quicker than humans and without mistakes. So, sometimes, a machine does the work instead of people. This means people have to leave that occupation. Example: Robots are now used to make cars. So, the robots making cars in a people with occupations related to making cars had to car-manufacturing factory change their jobs. Changes in society: Sometimes, people change the way they live. Such changes result in new occupations. a babysitter Example: Earlier, women used to remain at home and look after children. Now, women have started working. Therefore, many people has started working as babysitters. Easier way of doing things: Sometimes, the occupation remains the same. However, it is done differently. Example: Earlier, cashiers working in banks used to count notes themselves. Now, banks have note-counting machines which cashiers use. note-counting machine Things We Make and Do 79 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 79 12/11/2017 8:04:52 PM
I Explore (H.O.T.S.) 1) These days, some occupations are rarely practised. One such occupation is that of a ‘water seller’ or ‘bhisti’. With the help of adults, find out about occupations that are no longer as common. Be Amazed The first iron and steel factory in India was established in Jamshedpur by Jamshedji Tata in 1907. Today, it is one of the largest steel-making factories in the world. Connect the Dots Maths Fun Visit a greengrocer and find the price of the vegetables or fruits sold by him or her. Compare these prices with the prices collected by your classmates. Find out if a particular vegetable or fruit sold by your greengrocer is costlier than the one sold by your classmate’s greengrocer. Science Fun Make a list of vegetables and fruits you like to eat. Find out if they are available throughout the year or only during a particular season. If they are available during a particular season, find out the name of the season. Which other fruits and vegetables grow during that season? 80 12/11/2017 8:04:55 PM PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 80
A Note to Parent Tell your child about your occupation. Also, tell him or her about the occupations followed by the other family members. You can also talk about the occupations of your parents. Explain to them how the work everyone does in society is equally important. New Words 1) chemist – someone who sells medicines 2) skill – an ability to do something well 3) rear – to raise and take care 4) factory – a place where things are made using machines. 5) invention – the process of creating a thing that has never been created or built 6) effective – is able to produce the effect that one wants 7) cashier – a person whose job is to take in or give out money in a bank Things We Make and Do 81 PPS_G3_TB_Social.indb 81 12/11/2017 8:04:55 PM
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