What do you eat and drink? rice, dal, roti and vegetables You eat rice, dal, vegetables, roti and so on. You also eat milk and fruits. You may eat eggs and meat too. milk fruits egg cooked meat When do you eat? We eat food at different times of the day. In the morning, we have breakfast. We have lunch at noon and dinner at night. eating breakfast Understanding We learnt that small babies can drink only milk as food. As they grow, they start to eat soft food. Then they can eat khichdi, fruit pulp, juices and so on. When they get teeth, they start to eat hard(solid) food. Then, they eat food like roti, rice and vegetables. The food we eat is of different types. Let us learn about them. Cereals (Grains) rice wheat What Should I Eat? 47 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 47 1/19/2018 11:22:33 AM
Pulses lentils (masoor dal) grams (chana) Vegetables Fruits spinach carrots brinjals apple grapes bananas oranges mango Milk and Milk Products curd butter cheese paneer Meat and Eggs meat eggs 48 1/19/2018 11:22:38 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 48
Application Do your parents ask you to eat vegetables? They may also ask you to drink milk every day. Why do we need to eat all kinds of food? Let us find out. Food for Energy What happens if we do not eat food? We feel tired. We are not able to run or play. We need energy to study, run and play. Some food items give us energy. For example, cereals, oil, vegetables and fruits. cereals oil vegetables fruits Food to Grow and be Strong Some food items we eat help us to grow. They also make our body strong. For example, pulses, milk, meat, fish and eggs. pulses milk products meat fish eggs What Should I Eat? 49 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 49 1/19/2018 11:22:38 AM
To grow and become strong, we should eat these food items. Milk makes our teeth and bones strong. We should drink milk everyday. Food to Protect Some food items protect us from getting ill. Example: fruits, vegetables fruits leafy vegetables other vegetables Amazing Facts There are around 7000 different types of apples. If we taste one type every day, it will take about 20 years to taste all the types. different types of apples Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) At home, we eat food with our family members. Sometimes a group of people eat together. For example, during festivals, weddings and so on. In some temples, people eat food together. People may eat together in places of worship like churches, mosques and gurudwaras. Have you heard of the midday meal in some schools? It is a free lunch given to children in those schools. It helps to make children healthy. During the midday meal, children sit together and eat their food. 50 1/19/2018 11:22:43 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 50
family eating together people eating midday meal in the school food together Food is very important for us. We must eat our lunch everyday. In school, we eat our lunch with our friends and teachers. It is not good to waste food. We must not leave anything in our lunch boxes. students sharing lunch What Should I Eat? 51 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 51 1/19/2018 11:22:44 AM
Lesson Cooking 10 Let us Learn About R raw food and cooked food. U reasons to cook food. A cooking and serving vessels. H good cooking and eating habits. Think Imagine you are hungry. There is no food ready to eat at that time. You found some brinjals in the fridge. Can you eat them? Why do we eat different food items in different ways? Remembering Look at the picture below. What kind of food do we see? We can see some fruits and vegetables. We can eat some of them raw. The food which we eat uncooked is called raw food. For example, orange, carrot, beetroot and so on. raw food 52 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 52 1/19/2018 11:22:46 AM
We do not eat brinjals raw. Similarly, we cannot eat raw grains, pulses and meat. We cook them before we eat. The food which is eaten after cooking is called cooked food. rice grains cooked rice wheat grains roti raw pulses cooked pulses raw pulses cooked pulses meat cooked meat Understanding What is cooking? Cooking is the method to make the food soft with the help of heat. For example, boiling, baking or other method of cooking. Why do we need to cook certain food items? 1) To make the food soft: Some food items are hard. They are not easy to chew and swallow. A cooked ladyfinger is softer than a raw one. Rice, dal and meat also become soft on cooking. raw and cooked ladyfinger raw and cooked dal 53 Cooking V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 53 1/19/2018 11:22:52 AM
2) To make the food tasty: Think of eating raw potatoes and potato curry. The cooked potato curry is tasty. raw potatoes potato curry 3) T o kill the germs: Uncooked food contains a lot of germs in it. These germs can make us ill. Cooking kills the germs in the food and makes it safe to eat. Methods of Cooking These are the different methods of cooking. 1) Boiling: Cooking food in hot water, for example: eggs. 2) Frying: Cooking food in hot oil, for example: chips. 3) Steaming: Cooking food using steam, for example: idli. 4) Baking: Cooking food in the oven, for example: cake. boiling frying steaming baking Application We use different vessels for cooking and serving food. Cooking Vessels Vessels are picked based on the method of cooking. For example, we use pots for boiling. To fry, we use pans. We need a tava to make roti. Pressure cookers help us to boil and steam food. Spoons and ladles are used to mix food. 54 1/19/2018 11:22:56 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 54
pot frying pan griddle (tava) pressure cooker spoons and ladles Serving Vessels We use different vessels and utensils for serving and eating food. For example, trays, plates, bowls, spoons, forks and so on. tray plates bowl spoons forks Amazing Facts In olden times, people did not know about fire. So, they ate all food raw. Can you imagine eating a raw fish? Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Who cooks the food in your house? Do other family members help in cooking? Your parents wash the food items before they cook them. Washing helps to remove dirt and germs. They keep the cooked food in covered vessels. Dust and flies may spoil the food items if we leave them open. Why do your parents tell you to wash your hands before eating? Washing hands with soap helps to remove the dirt and germs. washing raw food keeping food in before cooking covered vessels Cooking 55 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 55 1/19/2018 11:22:58 AM
Cooking Then and Now In olden times, cooking was done using firewood or chulhas. Now, we have gas stoves at our houses. We also washing hands before meals have hot plates, ovens and so on. They have made cooking easier and faster. chulha gas stove hot plate oven 56 1/19/2018 11:22:58 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 56
Inside the Lab – B Make sure you do these activities only with the help of your teacher or an adult. Activity B1: Jal Tarang Jal Tarang is one of the oldest musical instruments. It uses different sizes of bowls filled with different amount of water and a metal spoon. You will need: six glasses, water and a metal spoon (Note: Handle the glass carefully while filling the water, draining the water and tapping with the spoon) You need to: 1) fill all the glasses with water. 2) tap them with a spoon. You can hear a very pleasant sound. 3) drain half of the water from all the glasses. 4) tap them with a metal spoon. Now the sound has changed. 5) p ut different amounts of water in each glass. (Use small amounts of water to avoid wastage and spilling). 6) tap them with a spoon again. Now you can hear different sounds. V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 57 57 1/19/2018 11:22:59 AM
Activity B2: Fruit Salad Fruit salad is a tasty and healthy snack that you can make in a short time. You will need: Soft fruits that are easy to cut or peel (bananas, oranges, grapes, apples), plastic utensils, cutting board and a mixing bowl. You need to: 1) p eel the bananas. Slice them into pieces on a chopping board. (Cut the fruits with the help of your teacher or parents only.) 2) wash the apple and cut it into small pieces. 3) wash the grapes and separate them. 4) add all of the fruits into a large bowl. 5) squeeze juice of one orange. 6) measure one-fourth cup of orange juice. 7) pour the orange juice into the bowl, mix all the ingredients, eat and enjoy! You can also make a fruit salad tree or other shapes using fruits. Different places in the world are famous for different types of salads. You can make salads with fruits or vegetables. Why is it important to wash fruits before eating? Find out. We should eat fruits either half an hour before or two hours after our meals. 58 different types of salads V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 58 1/19/2018 11:23:00 AM
Lesson My House 11 Let Us Learn About r why we need a house to live. U the use of different rooms in the house. A keeping our houses clean. H decorating our houses. Think We have different rooms in our houses. We call them by different names. Why do we need different rooms? Remembering We live with our families in our houses. We eat, play and sleep in our houses. They keep us safe from the hot Sun, rain, thieves and wild animals. Houses have doors, windows and rooms. Rooms are of different sizes. Some houses have small rooms. Some have bigger ones. Some houses have many rooms. Some houses have few rooms. Some houses have a balcony too. We call rooms by different names. V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 59 59 1/19/2018 11:23:02 AM
Example: kitchen, dining room, drawing room, bedroom, bathroom different rooms in a house Understanding What does your mother do in the kitchen? Your friends come to your house to play with you. In which room do you play with them? Each room in our house has a special use. Let us discuss them. Kitchen: A kitchen is a room for cooking food. Dining room: The family members sit and eat in the dining room. Some families use tables and chairs to sit and eat. Some families sit on the floor and eat. Where do you eat food in the house? kitchen 60 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 60 1/19/2018 11:23:03 AM
Does your family eat together? dining room Bedroom: We sleep in bedrooms. We also keep clothes and toys here. bedroom Drawing room: We use the drawing room when guests visit our houses. We can also do our homework here. We mostly keep the TV and sofa in these rooms. drawing room My House 61 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 61 1/19/2018 11:23:08 AM
Bathroom: We bathe in our bathrooms. Some houses have the bathroom and the toilet together. We use bathrooms to take a shower, wash our hands and face. bathroom Application The house we live in with our family is our home. We need to keep it clean and tidy. A clean house keeps us healthy. It keeps illness away. Do you help your parents in cleaning the house? Our parents keep the house clean. We should also help them by: 1) keeping our books, toys, shoes and socks in their correct place. 2) keeping our beds clean. 3) keeping our clothes in their proper place. things we need to keep 4) keeping the bathroom and toilet clean. the house clean Amazing Facts An igloo is a house made of snow. Here, the roof, walls and floor are made of snow. Igloos are found in very cold places. 62 1/19/2018 11:23:09 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 62
Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Do you like to decorate your house? When do you decorate it? What are the different things that you use to decorate different rooms in your house? Draw any three things that you decorate your house with on your birthday. (Hint: balloons) My House 63 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 63 1/19/2018 11:23:09 AM
Lesson Story of the Wheel 12 Let Us Learn About R the discovery of the wheel. U transport – then and now. A the different uses of the wheel. H pottery as a job. Think You must have seen a bus, a car or a bicycle. All the three have wheels. Do you know where the wheel came from ? Remembering 1/19/2018 11:23:13 AM Do you like to ride a bicycle? Your bicycle or skates move on wheels. Let us know how and when we started using wheels. The wheel was first used many years ago. At first, it was used as a potter’s wheel – for making pots. It was a flat disc. 64 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 64
potter’s wheel Then a log of wood was used to roll things. People could easily move heavy things by keeping them on a log and rolling it. log of wood load on log Roll your pencil on your desk. Now try to roll your eraser. Which one rolls easily? A round or circle shape rolls easier than other shapes. Shapes square rectangle circle pentagon oval triangle rhombus hexagon star Over time, the design of the wheel has changed. People in olden days came up with carts with wheels. They started using animal carts to carry heavy things. animal carts Story of the Wheel 65 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 65 1/19/2018 11:23:22 AM
The wheel was first made of stone. Then people made wheels of wood. stone wheel wooden wheel Wheels in olden times were different from today. Wheels have changed from stone wheels to rubber wheels. Understanding We know that before the use of the wheel, people used animals such as horses, donkeys and cattle to carry heavy things. Now, we use vehicles with wheels to go from one place to another. Vehicles help us to travel and carry things. Most of the vehicles animal carrying have wheels. heavy things vehicles 66 1/19/2018 11:23:24 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 66
Do a bicycle and a bus have the same number of wheels? The number of wheels is not the same in all vehicles. Let us see some examples. Two-wheeler: bicycle bike scooter cart Three-wheeler: auto rickshaw tricycle Four-wheeler: car Six-wheeler: bus truck Story of the Wheel 67 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 67 1/19/2018 11:23:26 AM
Application Early humans used the wheels in many ways. • They were used to make carts. • They were used to draw water from wells. • Many old toys have wheels too. uses of wheel then Do you see other places where wheels are used? Let us look at some of them. • Sewing machine • Making cloth (charkha) • Giant wheel • Steering wheel • Grinding grains • Water wheels to pump water sewing machine charkha giant wheel 68 1/19/2018 11:23:29 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 68
turbine steering wheel water wheel Amazing Facts There is a cycle which has only one wheel. It is called a unicycle. unicycle Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Do you drink water from earthen pots in summer? Who makes such pots? A potter makes pots. A potter uses mud or clay to make these pots. He shapes the pots on the potter’s wheel. The pots are then dried to make them hard. Then, they are painted and decorated. The pots are now ready. A potter makes many such pots to sell. Story of the Wheel 69 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 69 1/19/2018 11:23:32 AM
Lesson Seasons of the Year 13 Let Us Learn About R weather, climate and seasons. U types of seasons. A taking care in different seasons. H my favourite season. Think Noor loves to make paper boats when it rains. She wants it to rain during the whole year. Can it happen? Remembering On some days you feel cold. On some days you feel hot. Why do you feel hot or cold at different times of the day and year? What kind of a day is it today? Weather changes within a few hours. It can be sunny in the morning, hot in the afternoon and cold in the night. We may see different types of weather on the same day. It can be cloudy, hot, dry, sunny, windy, rainy and so on. 70 1/19/2018 11:23:34 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 70
Climate is the weather of a place for a long time. hot climate cold climate Now, what is a season? Seasons are different parts of the year with a special climate. There are five seasons. They are: 1) summer 2) rainy (monsoon) 3) autumn 4) winter 5) spring summer rainy autumn winter spring Summer, winter and rainy are the main seasons. Autumn and spring are the short seasons. Seasons of the Year 71 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 71 1/19/2018 11:23:35 AM
Understanding All five seasons have different climates. So, we eat different food and wear different clothes. Can you think of one food that you eat in summer but not in winter? Let us learn about the five seasons. 1) Summer: • Weather is very hot. • It is from April to June. 2) Rainy • It is from July to September. summer 3) Autumn: • O ld leaves turn yellow and fall down. • It is from October to November. 4) Winter: rainy autumn • It is cold. • At some places, there is snowfall. • It is from December to March. 5) Spring: winter • Some places also have a season called spring season. • We see new leaves and flowers. • It is from February to March. • It is not too hot or too cold. spring 72 1/19/2018 11:23:39 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 72
Application Our body needs special care in each season. In summer, the weather is hot and dry. We sweat a lot. • We wear cotton clothes. • We should drink a lot of water. sweating during summers In winter, the weather is cold. • We wear warm clothes. In rainy season, it rains and there is water everywhere. • W e use raincoats and umbrellas. we use in summer we use in winter we use in rainy season Different seasons affect our daily lives. What do you feel like eating in summers? Can you play outside in the rainy season? Seasons of the Year 73 V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 73 1/19/2018 11:23:39 AM
What happens to leaves and flowers in autumn? Amazing Facts In winter, the days are short and nights are long. In summer, the days are long but nights are short. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Which is your favourite season? Draw the scene. Collect pictures and paste them in your scrapbook. 74 1/19/2018 11:23:40 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 74
Inside the Lab – C Make sure you do these activities only with the help of your teacher or an adult. Activity C1: Roller You will need: four bottle caps, a straw, a long cylindrical rod or toothpick, clay, empty match box, Fevicol You need to: 1) make holes on the four bottle caps with the help of your teacher or parents. The hole should be big enough to let the rod or toothpick pass through. 2) insert the rod or toothpick inside the straw. (The straw should be shorter in length than the rod.) 3) place the two bottle caps at both the ends of the rod. 4) seal both the ends with clay. Let it dry (preferably in the sun). 5) do the same with the other two bottle caps. Now you have four wheels of your roller. 6) place the empty match box in the middle of both the straws. Stick it with Fevicol. Then let it dry for some time. This will make the body of your roller. Your roller is now ready. V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 75 75 1/19/2018 11:23:40 AM
Activity C2: Rain Gauge A rain gauge is used to measure the amount of rain falling over a period of time. Let us make our own rain gauge. You will need: an empty two-litre plastic bottle, scissors, sticky tape, ruler, paper, pencil You can also use a flat, straight sided jar to avoid the step of cutting the bottle and adding stones. (Always use scissors with the help of your teacher or parents.) You need to: 1) cut the top of the bottle. 2) place some stones in the bottom of the bottle. This will make the bottom of the bottle straight so that you can measure the level of water easily. 3) turn the cut top upside down and tape it to the bottle step 1 as shown below. 4) use a ruler and marker pen to draw a scale on the bottle. step 2 step 3 step 4 5) p our water into the bottle until it reaches the bottom marking on the scale. This finishes your rain gauge. 6) put your rain gauge outside in the open and away from trees. 7) check how much water is filled in the bottle after the rain shower. Write down the amount of rain collected in your weather diary. 76 1/19/2018 11:23:43 AM V3_Alpine_EVS_G1_TB.indb 76
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