202110738-PERFORM-TEACHER-TEACHER_COMPANION_BOOK-ENGLISH-G10-FY

1.1 A Letter to God Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: The field was white, as if covered with salt. Not a leaf remained on the trees. The corn was totally destroyed. The flowers were gone from the plants. Lencho’s soul was filled with sadness. When the storm had passed, he stood in the middle of the field and said to his sons, “A plague of locusts would have left more than this. The hail has left nothing. This year we will have no corn.” 1. What happened to the trees? 2. Why was Lencho’s soul filled with sadness? 3. What made Lencho say, ‘This year we will have no corn’? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: In the passage, which word or phrase means ‘a large number of’? (a) more than this (b) in the middle of (c) a plague of (d) as if. Ans. I. There was not a leaf on them. 2. Lencho’s crop was all destroyed. It filled his soul with sadness. 3. He said this because the hail had destroyed all his crop. 4. (c) a plague of Extract 2: Lencho showed not the slightest surprise on seeing the money; such was his confidence — but he became angry when he counted the money. God could not have made a mistake, nor could He have denied Lencho what he had requested. Immediately, Lencho went up to the window to ask for paper and ink. On the public writing-table, he started to write, with much wrinkling of his brow, caused by the effort he had to make to express his ideas. When he finished, he went to the window to buy a stamp which he licked and then affixed to the envelope with a blow of his fist. 1. Why did Lencho become angry when he counted the money? 2. Who sent him the money and why? 3. What request did he make to God when he wrote another letter after receiving the money? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘was not allowed’? (a) denied (b) finished (c) caused (d) affixed. Ans. 1. He was angry because he found in the envelope only 70 pesos while he had asked God for a hundred. He thought that the post office employees had cheated him of his money. 2. The post office people sent him the money because they did not want to shake his faith in God. 3. He requested God not to send the money through the mail because, according to him, the post office employees were a bunch of crooks. 4. (a) denied 1

1.2 Dust of Snow Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: The way a crow Shook down on me The dust of snow From a hemlock tree Has given my heart A change of mood And saved some part Of a day l had rued 1. Explain ‘dust of snow’. 2. What has changed the poet’s mood? 3. Do the ‘crow’ and ‘hemlock’ represent joy or sorrow? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the poem means ‘regretted’? (a) saved (b) rued (c) shook (d) given. Ans. 1. The fine particles of snow that fall from the sky and settle on various objects on the earth, have been called the dust of snow. 2. The poet says that the crow’s act of shaking off the dust from the hemlock tree has changed his mood. 3. The crow and hemlock stand here for sorrow. 4. (b) rued 1.3 Fire and Ice Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: But if it had to perish twice, I think / know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. 1. According to the poet, how can the world ‘perish twice’? 2. What does the poet equate hate with? 3. Explain the lines ‘ice Is also great’. 2

1.3 Fire and Ice 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the stanza means ‘be sufficient’? (a) perish (b) ice (c) twice (d) suffice. Ans. I. According to the poet, the world can perish by fire and by ice. Thus, it can perish twice, once by fire and then by ice. 2. The poet equates hate with ice. He feels that hatred chills all springs of delicate feelings in man’s heart. It turns man’s heart into dead and hard ice. 3. The poet feels that the ice of hatred is as powerful as the fire of desire to bring a complete end of this world. 4. (d) suffice. 3

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the passage carefully: Answer the following questions. Discursive a. When does a person become overconfident? Why does a person become overconfident? The reason b. Mention one of the biggest mistakes made by lies in over assessment of his capabilities. Sometimes Napoleon Bonaparte. people over assess their competence and jump into c. What increases the chances of failure? situations that are beyond their control. d. Who is an overconfident person? Napoleon Bonaparte who became the Emperor of e. What does overconfidence generally lead people France would say that the word ‘impossible’ was into? common only amongst the fools. The overconfident f. What should one do while taking a risk? Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter of 1812. This g. What is the difference between a confident and proved to be a big disaster. an overconfident person? Overconfidence generally leads people into h. Find a word from para 1 which means the same misadventures, endangering their chances in life. It as ‘ability’. is wisely said that any achievement is a result of two Ans: factors: one’s personal planning and support from a. When one over assesses one’s competence and the external world. People take into account only jumps into situations that are beyond control. their planning, generally ignoring the external factors. b. Invading Russia in winter They become unable to foresee future developments. c. When people take into account only their planning Hence, the great risk of failure. and ignore the external factors, they become unable Then there is the question: How can one manage to foresee future developments, thus increasing the overconfidence? The formula is very simple. Before chances of failure. taking a decision, discuss the matter with other d. An overconfident person is one who lacks the informed people with an objective mind and when it virtue of modesty, lives within his/her thoughts and is proved that you are about to go off the path, accept are unaware of others. reality and say without delay, “I was wrong”. e. Overconfidence leads people to living within their Overconfidence is a flaw characterising people who own cell. They are unable to make use of the experi- lack the virtue of modesty. Modesty makes you a ences of others. This becomes very damaging to all realist; you become a person who is cut down to size. concerned. People of this kind become very cautious; before f. One must adopt a well-calculated approach while taking an action they assess the whole situation. They taking a risk. adopt a realistic approach. g. The overconfident person sees the rule and the Overconfident people live within their own thoughts. confident They know themselves but they are unaware of others. person sees the exception. Living inside their own cell they are unable to make h. Competence use of the experiences of others. This kind of habit is highly damaging to all concerned. There is a saying that the young man sees the rule and old man sees the exception. With a slight change, I would like to say that the overconfident person sees the rule and the confident person sees the exception. Overconfident people are always at risk. It is said that taking risk is good but it must be well-calculated otherwise it becomes very dangerous. 4

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) II . Write a story in about 200 words beginning with the given lines. It was 6 o’ clock in the morning. The sun was shining bright. The boy was moving towards the field…………….. Ans: Marks will be given to the students on the basis of the given parameters. Title 01 Content 05 Structure/Fluency 04 Completely smitten by the greenery all around – the fresh air and clear skies -very inviting – reminded of the crowd, pollution and the noise in his own city – people greeting him – warmth of the people – greatly touched – sees children walking to school – realizes what a comfortable life he has – but real beauty lies in the villages [Purely imaginary] PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) e. she f. former Grammar: g. the h. for 1. Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct 2. Read the given conversation and complete alternatives. the paragraph given below. Hillary Clinton is [a] _____ [an/the/in/a] 67th US Mother: Why are you late from the gym today? Secretary of State. She embarked [b] _____ [for/ Rahul: The trainer was demonstrating some new on/in/at] a career in law graduating from the Yale weight lifting exercises. LawSchool. She [c] _____ [ has been/had been/ Mother: Why didn’t you inform me earlier? was being/was] elected as Senator for New York Rahul: I called you but you did not answer the call. state [d] _____[for/on/in/since] 2000. As Obama’s The mother asked Rahul [a] ___________. Rahul Secretary of State [e] _____ [they/her/it/she] is the mentioned that [b] __________ weight lifting first [f] _____ [recent/new/old/former] First Lady to exercises. The mother further asked [c] __________ serve in [g] _____[any/a/all/the] President’s Cab- earlier. Rahul replied that [d] __________ but she inet. As the Secretary of State, she is responsible [e] [h] _____ [in/on/at/for] carrying out the President’s foreign policies. 5 Ans: a. the b. on c. was d. in

PRACTICE SHEET - 21 (PS-21) Ans: f. at this juncture a. why he was late from the gym that day g. that the award b. the trainer had been demonstrating some new h. award but a a. c. why he hadn’t informed her 5. Rearrange the jumbled words to form mean- d. he had called her ingful sentences. e. had not answered the call a. love / of others / good manners / and / win the / respect 3. In the given paragraph, there is an error in b. when / best / they can / one is / be learnt / young each line. Edit the given paragraph. c. saves us / turns away / soft answer / anger and / Those were days of extremity poverty. [a] a / a pitfall / from many Sometimes if we gets a sponsor we would [b] d. who is / strangers / respectful / a person / even / get pay a thousand or two a month, [c] like if that was rare. It was only due [d] Ans: to supportive friends which were ready to [e] a. Good manners win the love and respect of others. share everything they had, on a roof to [f] b. They can be learnt best when one is young. food and meagre save, that I managed [g] c. A soft answer turns away anger and saves us from to survive a really difficulty decade. [h] many a pitfall. Ans: d. Even strangers like a person who is respectful. a. extremity – extreme b. gets – got c. pay – paid d. if – but e. which – who f. on – from g. save – savings h. difficulty – difficult 4. In the following passage one word has been omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. Since then 25 years flown past [a] and now I have begun to things a little [b] easy and channel energy better. [c] I am still intense acting, but not as [d] aggressive. If I get something life doesn’t [e] end. I guess that’s what you call wisdom. And now it’s at juncture in my life and [f] career that award has come my way. [g] It is not just an award a recognition for [h] the person and profession. Ans: a. years have flown b. to take things c. channel my energy d. intense about acting e. I don’t get 6

2.1 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: The policy of apartheid created a deep and lasting wound in my country and my people. All of us will spend many years, if not generations, recovering from that profound hurt. But the decades of oppression and brutality had another, unintended effect and that was that is produced the Oliver Tambos, the Walter Sisulus, the Cheif Luthulis, the Yusuf Dadoos, the Bram Fischers, the Robert Sobukwes of our time- men of such extraordinary courage, wisdom and generosity that their like may never be known again. Perhaps it requires such depths of oppression to create such heights of character. My country is rich in the minerals and gems that lie beneath its soil, but I have always known that its greatest wealth is its people, finer and truer than the purest diamonds. 1. What harm did the policy of apartheid cause? 2. Did it have any good result? 3. What does the writer pay as a tribute to the great men of his country? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘deep and strong’? (a) profound (b) finer (c) lasting (d) extraordinary. Ans. I. It was a humiliating policy that caused a deep and lasting wound to the African people. 2. Some of the great South Africans who fought against the brutal policy of apartheid developed into men of ex- traordinary courage, wisdom and generosity. 3. He calls them gems that were finer and truer than the purest diamonds. 4. (a) profound Extract 2: But then I slowly saw that not only was I not free, but my brothers and sisters were also not free. I saw that it was not just my freedom that was curtailed, but the freedom of everyone who looked like I did. That is when I joined the African National Congress, and that is when the hunger for my own freedom became the greater hunger for the freedom of my people. It was this desire for the freedom of my people to live their lives with dignity and self-respect that animated my life, that transformed a frightened young man into a bold one, that drove a law-abiding attorney to become a criminal, that turned a family-loving husband into a man without a home, that forced a life-loving man to live like a monk. I. What hunger does the writer talk of? 2. How did this hunger affect his family life? 3. Was he forced to live the life of a monk? How? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage is a synonym of ‘changed’? (a) transformed (b) joined (c) drove (d) forced. 7

2.1 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Ans. 1. He talks of the hunger for the freedom of his people. 2 He became a man without a home because in his struggle for freedom, he could not be with his family most of the time. 3. Yes, he was kept isolated in prison. Thus, he had to live the life of a monk. 4. (a) transformed 2.2 A Tiger in the Zoo Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: But he’s locked in a concrete cell, His strength behind ban, Stalking the length of his cage, Ignoring visitors. 1. Who does ‘he’ refer to in the stanza? 2. Why is ‘he’ locked? 3. Who is ignoring the visitors and why? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: What does the word ‘cell’ mean in these lines? (a) A very big room (b) A very dirty room (c) A very good room (d) A very small room. Ans. 1. The word ‘he’ refers to a tiger who has been locked in a zoo. 2. He is locked in his cage lest he should escape. 3. The tiger is ignoring the visitors because it has become a daily routine and he has lost all interest in them. 4. (d) A very small room. 8

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the passage carefully: long time to come. [discursive] Answer the questions given below. Antiques have made a strong comeback in the a. What has been the reason for antiques having made furniture market. Simplistic, sleek and contemporary a comeback into the market? has been the style that has ruled the roost in b. Why has the preference for antique furniture taken a the furniture industry for many years now. Art backseat? connoisseurs have long been the only ones who could c. What is meant by ‘distressing’ furniture? appreciate the effort and skill that went into creating d. What makes antique furniture unique? the beautiful antique furniture pieces. But with Ans: growing awareness among consumers, people are a. With growing awareness among consumers, people now open to unique options and for those with a good are now open to unique options and for those with a eye, it is antiques that catch their attention. good eye, it is antiques that catch their attention. This Nowadays, antique style furniture that is new wood is why antiques have made a comeback but designed in older styles is also getting popular. It b. People today have got used to run-of-the-mill basically has the same kind of style that was prevalent productsthat are neither personal nor do they have the a century back. But if looked at closely, the handiwork detailing that was the identity of the days gone by. is nowhere as close to the ornate detailing of the When pieces are custom-made, the clients are in a olden pieces. Carpentry is nothing short of an art and hurry to get the finished product and artisans are under skilled artisans in this industry are getting harder to pressure to get the job done so that they can take find every year. No wonder then, that pieces that pass more orders. off as antique look-alikes very often have simple work c. ‘Distressing’ refers to get a rough, worn out feel to any that aren’t a patch on the original pieces. furniture, which can be done by scrubbing the wood People today have gotten used to run-of-the-mill to get a grainy feel and with polish to create an artificial products that are neither personal nor do they have well-worn look. the detailing that was the identity of the days gone by. d. The grain of the wood, the scratches and the dents Even when pieces are custom-made, the clients are made on it over the years, the irregularities in the colour in a hurry to get the finished product and artisans are of the product, everything adds character to the under pressure to get the job done so that they can piece and that is what makes it unique. take more orders. Complete the statements given below. Distressing furniture is also a trend that is catching on a. Carpentry is nothing ________________________ in a big way these days. The simplest way to give an _____________________. antique feel to any furniture is by ‘distressing’ which b. If one takes good care of ancient pieces ________ can be done for contemporary pieces as well. The idea ____________________________. is to get a rough, worn out feel which can be done Ans: by scrubbing the wood to get a grainy feel and with a. short of an art. polish to create an artificial well-worn look. Carpenters b. they will continue to serve their purpose for a long do a good job of it but many people prefer to do it time to come. themselves as it gives them the satisfaction of having Find words from the passage which mean the same added a personal touch to the piece. When it comes as the ones given below: to original antique furniture, every aspect counts. The a. modern or present day [para 1] grain of the wood, the scratches and the dents made b. duplicate or copy on it over the years, the irregularities in the colour of Ans: the product, everything adds character to the piece a. contemporary and that is what makes it unique. That is the kind of b. replicate look that ‘distressed furniture’ aims to replicate. One needs to understand that ancient pieces need to be well taken care of. Investing in their upkeep will ensure that they continue to serve their purpose for a 9

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) II. You are Rohan /Riya. You are watching your friends constantly misusing technology. This set you thinking on how the youth misuses technology in the current times. Write a letter to the editor of a local daily on the dangers of such misuse and how it can be controlled. Ans: Hints: Technology penetrating into our lives through computers and mobile phones Curiosity among the youth – leads to exploring areas and content which are not age appropriate Exposure to violence affects the sensitive minds of the youth Computer games – killing and abuse glorified Addiction to mobile phones – SMS language – destroying language skills Spending long hours with the gadgets – leading to health issues Suggestions - parents need to monitor, awareness to be created PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: h. was served 2. Complete the passage by choosing the appropriate 1. Read the given information on how to make noodles and complete the paragraph given options from those given in the brackets. below. Is your glass half-full or half-empty? On [a] _____ Boil a glass of water in a pan. [some/those/few/these] days when nothing seems to Add the spices to the boiling water and stir for a be going right, it [b] _____ [can/might/will/must] be minute. really tough to see the silver lining [c] _____ [between/ Crunch the packaged noodles and empty the of/on/among]all those clouds. However, it is during packet into the water. [d] _____ [this/that/these/those] times that the [e] Add green peas, carrots and spring onion. _____ [wish/desire/chance/ability] to see good in even Leave the mixture to simmer for three minutes the worst situations becomes very important. An and serve with a topping of tomato sauce. optimistic attitude [f] _____ [benefitted/will benefit/ This is how I made noodles yesterday. First a benefits/ benefitting] not only your mental health, but glass [a] __________ in a pan. Next the spices your physical well-being as well. [b] __________ and [c] __________ for a minute. Ans: Following this, the packaged noodles [d] a. some __________ and the packet [e] _________ into the b. must water. Next, green peas, carrot and spring onion c. among [f] __________ to the preparation. Finally, the d. these mixture [g] _________ for three minutes and later e. ability it [h] _________ with a topping of tomato sauce. f. will benefit Ans: 10 a. of water was boiled b. were added to the boiling water c. stirred d. was crunched e. was emptied f. were added g. was left to simmer

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 3. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each line. Edit the given paragraph. For the past two year, Robert Glazer, the CEO [a] of the Boston-based market agency ‘Accelerated [b] partners’, have welcomed the holiday season [c] by making some of her employees’ greatest [d] wishes come true. In any case Glazer sent an [e] employee and her daughter to visited the [f] employee’s best friend on Greece. The [g] end resulting made the employee very happy. [h] Ans: a. year – years b. market – marketing c. have – has d. her – his e. any – one f. visited – visit g. on – in h.resulting - result 4. In the following passage one word has been omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. Rock heavy metal enthusiasts from all over [a] Asia gear up one of the most anticipated music [b] festivals of the year Bangalore, G-Shock Bangalore[c] Open Air. One the most anticipated music festivals[d] in the country, the 8th edition of the festival plans to up the ante give rock and metal lovers from all over [e] a festival experience they never forget. [f] Ans: a. Rock and heavy b. up for one c. year in Bangalore d. One of the e. ante to give f. they will never 5. Rearrange the jumbled words to form meaningful sentences. a. inside/grandeur/the palace hall/it was/all b. interwoven/pearls/were/flower garlands/ sparkling/with c. wooden stage/painted backcloth/the/decorated/ with a/was  Ans: a. It was all grandeur inside the palace hall. b. Flower garlands were interwoven with sparkling pearls. c. The wooden stage was decorated with a painted backcloth. 11

3.1 Two Stories about Flying Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: He stepped slowly out to the brink of the ledge, and standing on one leg with the other leg hidden under his wing, he closed one eye, then the other, and pretended to be falling asleep. Still they took no notice of him. He saw his two brothers and his sister lying on the plateau, dozing with their heads sunk into their necks. His father was preening the feathers on his white back. 1. Who does ‘He’ in the passage refer to? 2. Describe the way he stood on the brink of the ledge. 3. Where were his brothers and his sister lying? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘a large area of level land above the area around it’? (a) notice (b) brink (c) plateau (d) ledge. Ans: 1. It refers to the young seagull. 2. He stood on one leg and hid the other under his wing. 3. On the plateau. 4. (c) plateau Extract 2: The moon was coming up in the east, behind me, and stars were shining in the clear sky above me. There wasn’t a cloud in the sky. I was happy to be alone high up above the sleeping countryside. Questions 1. Who narrates the above lines? 2. Which type of weather conditions are being discussed in the above lines? 3. What does the author mean by ‘the sleeping countryside’? 4. Why is the narrator happy? 5. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage is opposite in meaning to `sorrowful’? (a) shining (b) clear (c) sleeping (d) happy. Ans: I. The writer of the story narrates the above lines. 2. The sky is clear. There are no clouds. 3. It is nighttime in the countryside and all the people are asleep in their homes. 4. The narrator is eagerly waiting to be with his family soon. 5. (d) happy 12

3.2 How to Tell Wild Animals Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: If when you’re walking round your yard You meet a creature there, Who hugs you very very hard, Be sure it is a Bear. If you have any doubts, I guess He’ll give you just one more caress. 1. Name the poem and the poet. 2. What will happen when you meet the bear? 3. Explain ‘He’ll give you just one more caress’? 4. Choose the correct option from the following: Which word in the passage means ‘embrace’? (a) creature (b) yard (c) guess (d) caress. Ans: 1. The name of the poem is How to Tell Wild Animals’ and the name of the poet is Carolyn Wells. 2. The bear will hug you hard. 3. The bear hugs his victim hard to kill it. If it finds out that the victim is still struggling, he gives another hard hug. 4. (d) caress. 3.3 The Ball Poem Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: He senses first responsibility In a world of possessions. People will take Black, balls will be lost always, link boy. And no one buys a ball back. Money is eternal 13

3.3 The Ball Poem 1. Who does the word ‘he’ refers to? 2. What does he sense? 3. Why is money called eternal? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: What is the opposite of ‘eternal’? (a) transient (b) permanent (c) occasional (d) promotional. Ans: 1. The word ‘he’ refers to the boy whose ball has been lost. 2. He senses responsibilities. 3. If we have money, we can replace the lost things. Therefore, it is called eternal. 4. (a) transient. 14

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the passage carefully: Managing your expectations is very important for [discursive] happiness, says Schwartz. If you drink ordinary WHY GOOD ENOUGH IS BETTER THAN BEST instant coffee every day, an occasional artisanal You go to a department store to buy toothpaste. cup will feel divine, but if you get used to fine coffee, The shelves have about two dozen different types you will lose the need to scout around for a better of paste. Each one is attractively packaged to catch cup when you are in a mood to treat yourself. So it your attention and claims to be the best for removing is better to drink ‘good coffee’ infrequently, and in stains, protecting the enamel and strengthening your that way continue to appreciate how good it is. gums. Your mind is boggled even before you start Answer the questions given below. comparing the weight, price and discounts. The simple a. What makes the simple task of buying a toothpaste task of buying a toothpaste has become complicated. a complicated one? It makes you wonder whether having too much choice b. Why should there be a limit to choice? is a good thing. c. What is choice equated with? Psychologist Barry Schwartz, who wrote the book d. Why does one rely more on habit than making a ‘The Paradox of Choice’, says, “We should take every fresh choice? opportunity to enhance choice, but it’s not without e. When is a person likely to be more satisfied with limit. When you go from having no choice to having his choice? some choice, your life is better. But when you go from f. How can one continue to appreciate the ‘good’? having some choice to essentially infinite choices, g. Find a word from para 2 which means the same as weird things start to happen.” ‘contradiction’. Just a few decades ago, all man made things were h. Find a word from para 3 which means the opposite scarce. So, plenty and variety were regarded as good. of ‘coercion’. But though we have a superabundance of things Ans: now, we still believe that we will be better off with a. Excess choice even more choices. Somehow, choice is equated b. Things tend to get complicated when choices are with freedom, autonomy and control over lives, says infinite– hence a limit to choice Schwartz. c. Freedom, autonomy and control over lives As the toothpaste example shows, instead of being d. Excess choice hinders the brain’s intuitive approach, liberated by all this choice, you get paralysed. You takes more effort – so people rely on habit make worse decisions, and even when you make e. When the choice is between two things, one expects good decisions, you are less satisfied. Having too neither to be perfect – more likely to be satisfied much choice not only confuses but also nudges you f. To treat oneself to the good only at times and not to do what you normally do. For instance, faced with always two dozen types of toothpaste, you might decide to g. Paradox buy your regular brands. This happens when choice h. freedom overwhelms you and hinders the brain’s intuitive II. You are Aman/Amita. You have got a scholarship approach. You are forced to switch into the slower, to pursue your higher studies abroad. But you more deliberate mode of decision making, for need to complete two levels of the Spanish example, when you start picking up each toothpaste course before joining the university. During your box and reading the ingredients and other details. research, you came across a language school Since this demands effort, you are more likely to rely called Royal Institute, which offers courses in on habit instead of making a fresh choice. The world of choice has generated ridiculously, unrealistically high expectations, and the result is that we’re almost always disappointed. What if you had only two types of paste to choose from? You would not expect either to be perfect in that case, and you would be more likely to feel satisfied with the product. 15

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) foreign languages. Write a letter to the Director of the Language institute enquiring for a short course in the Spanish language. Ans: Hints Scholarship for higher studies Important to complete two levels of Spanish Course details – timings, duration, fees, exams, certificate PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. Use the information in the headlines to and the [f] _____ [destroy/ destructible/destruction/ complete the sentences given below. destructive] of a single element can be disastrous to a. PARKING ROW : MAN BATTERED TO DEATH the whole system. A 45 year old cab driver _________ to death over a parking issue in Dollars Colony on Ans: Friday. a. believed b. HEAT WAVE CLAIMS 300 LIVES IN THE b. can COUNTRY THIS YEAR c. increasing The heat wave __________ 300 lives in the d. has been threatening country this year. e. that c. HIGH COURT SETTLES 235 CASES ON A SINGLE f. destruction DAY As many as 235 cases __________ today in 3. In the following passage one word has been the High Court. omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. d. SLOTH BEAR KILLS HANDLER IN THE UK ZOO Last week, Berry the sloth bear __________ Milk is a perfect food. It should form essential [a] his handler at the Edinburgh zoo in UK. part of daily diet. Doctors advise never to [b] miss daily glass of milk. It is good for [c] people of ages but it is especially [d] needed for growing children because of nourishing value. [e] Ans: Ans: a. was battered a. form an essential b. has claimed b. of our daily c. were settled c. miss the daily d. killed d. of all ages e. of its nourishing 2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate options from those give in brackets. It is generally [a] _____ [believing/belief/ believed/believe] that an infinite number of creatures [b] _____ [can/should/must/need to] live in the sea. But the ever [c] _____ [increased/ increases/increase/increasing] level of pollution in the sea [d] _____ [will threaten/has been threatening/threatened/threatens] these life forms. We fail to understand [e] _____ [what/why/ that/those] these life forms are interdependent 16

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 4. Rearrange the jumbled words to form meaningful sentences. a. dreamt/climbing the/Mount Everest/of/Santosh Yadav b. peak/she/in scaling/the/twice/succeeded c. many/in these/take/races/part/teams d. the river/a lot/from/of/them/watch/people/banks Ans: a. Santosh Yadav dreamt of climbing the Mount Everest. b. She succeeded in scaling the peak twice./Twice she succeeded in scaling the peak. c. Many teams take part in these races. d. A lot of people watch them from the river banks. 5. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each line. Edit the given paragraph. It is a unknown story. Women join the [a] workforce of numbers, but only a few make [b] it to the top. Many disappeared from the workplace [c] giving up our careers after marriage, [d] childbirth or simplified inflexible work [e] environment. At a recently event in Mumbai,[f] three powerful woman took to the stage to [g] talk about the important of women in the workplace. [h] Ans: a. unknown – known b. of – in c. disappeared – disappear d. our – their e. simplified – simply f. recently – recent g. woman – women h. important - importance 17

4.1 From the Diary of Anne Frank Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: All I think about when I’m with friends is having a good time. I can’t bring myself to talk about anything but or- dinary everyday things. We don’t seem to be able to get any closer, and that’s the problem. Maybe it’s my fault that we don’t confide in each other. In any case, that’s just how things are, and unfortunately they’re not liable to change. This is why I’ve started the diary. 1. Who does ‘I’ in the passage refer to? 2. What does she discuss with her friends? 3. What is not liable to change? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘trust someone to tell a secret’? (a) closer (b) talk (c) confide (d) change. Ans: 1. It refers to Anne Frank. 2. She talks about ordinary everyday things. 3. Her superficial relationship with her friends is not liable to change. 4. (c) confide. Extract 2: ‘Paper has more patience than people.’ I thought of this saying on one of those days when I was feeling a little depressed and was sitting at home with my chin in my hands, bored and listless, wondering whether to stay in or go out. I finally stayed where I was, brooding. Yes, paper does have more patience, and since I’m not planning to let anyone else read this stiff-backed notebook grandly referred to as a ‘diary’, unless I should ever find a real friend, it probably won’t make a bit of difference. 1. Who is the speaker in these lines? What does she call her diary? 2. Why does she decide to write a diary? 3. According to the speaker, what is the advantage of a diary over people? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means the same as ‘lacking energy’? (a) depressed (b) listless (c) brooding (d) unless. Ans: 1. Anne Frank speak these lines. She calls her diary ‘Kitty’. 2. It is because she doesn’t have a close friend with whom she can share the feelings of her heart. 3. A diary can be trusted to keep secrets, but not people. 4. (b) listless. 18

4.2 Amanda! Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: Did you finish your homework, Amanda? Did you tidy your room, Amanda? I thought I told you to clean your shoes, Amanda! 1. What does the speaker ask Amanda? 2. What had Amanda been asked to do? Has she done it? 3. Name the poem and the poet. 4. Choose the correct option from the following: Which word in the stanza means ‘to make neat and clean? (a) told (b) clean (c) finish (d) tidy. Ans: 1. The speaker asks Amanda if she has finished her homework and tidied her room. 2. Amanda had been asked to polish her shoes. She hasn’t done it. 3. The poem is ‘Amanda I’ and the poet is Robin Klein. 4. (d) tidy 19

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the passage carefully. directing people in spiritual and ritualistic ways. [factual] There are three key reasons the Hindu community HINDUISM IN THE CARIBBEAN has become very strong in the Caribbean. First, Fifty years before Swami Vivekananda gave his they were treated very badly by local Christian famous speech on Hinduism in Chicago, the communities, which saw them as primitive and religion was being practiced in the Caribbean. isolators. Second, they also faced hostility from Even today, it is an important religion among Afro-Caribbean communities, which resented Indians who live in Guyana, Surinam and Trinidad them for ending the negotiation advantage and Tobago. This is the result of a migration that they enjoyed with plantation owners. The third began 150 years ago. factor was the arrival of Hindu reformer groups After slavery was abolished in the 19th century, like the Arya Samaj in the early 20th century that European-owned sugar plantations of the West rejected post-Vedic rituals and the worship of Indies desperately needed new workers. They idols, upsetting many Caribbean Hindus who wanted cheap and skilled labour fast. The had sustained the religion through these very people they had enslaved before refused to practices. submit to exploitative conditions, so plantation In fact, what united the Caribbean Hindus in owners turned to European colonies. Chinese times of great hardship were religious texts immigrants, while skilled, struggled with the such as the Ramayana, Mahabharata and the warm weather conditions of the West Indies and Bhagavad Gita. Indentured labourers also this resulted in a great demand for labourers established a temple against much opposition. from India. Thus began the system of indentured There is even a pilgrimage centre in the labour. Caribbean islands dedicated to Goddess Kali. A large number of people, mostly from the Answer the questions given below. agricultural and labour classes, migrated all the a. What gave birth to the system of indentured way, beyond the Cape of Good Hope, to America to work in sugar plantations in unsanitary and labour? inhuman conditions for paltry wages. Almost b. What is the unique feature of Caribbean half a million people, including a small section from the upper castes, migrated, an indication Hinduism? Explain. of the lack of opportunities in India then. While c. Under what conditions did the workers find many later returned to India, after serving the indentured period, a large proportion stayed themselves in the sugar plantations? back, establishing a new form of Hinduism that is d. Mention any two reasons why the Hindu still practised. A unique feature of Caribbean Hinduism is that community has become very strong in the it doesn’t have the caste system. People in this Caribbean. community came mostly from Bihar, the United Ans: Provinces and the Madras Province, belonging a. Sugar plantations needed new workers – old to different castes. As they travelled in ships workersrefused to submit to exploitative together and lived side by side, they could not conditions, so plantation owners turned to follow the rules of the traditional social hierarchy European colonies – Chinese workers could not based on purity. There were very few women adjust to the warm weather conditions demand among the migrants so it was not possible to for workers from India - system of indentured marry within a particular caste. Irrespective of labour began their social status in India, they all did the same b. No caste system – people traveled together kind of work there, so the caste barrier eventually – could not follow rules of traditional social collapsed and they became a single homogenous hierarchy – very few women – not possible to community. However, there is a small section of marry within the caste –all did the same type of people who call themselves Pandits and function work as Brahmins. They see themselves as elite, c. unsanitary and inhuman conditions , paltry wages 20

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) d. treated very badly by the Christian communities II. You are Anshuman/Anusha. Recently you –faced hostility from Afro-Caribbean communities – purchased a washing machine from Khosla arrival of Hindu reformer groups that rejected post Electronics. Within a span of one month, the Vedic rituals [any two] washing machine developed faults. Write a letter to the Manager of Khosla Electronics Find words from the passage which mean the same as focusing on the problem that you are facing. the ones given below: Ans: a. a system of ranking according to status or authority [para 4] Follow the format - Mention date of purchase, model number, warranty b. a part considered in comparative relation to a period - Mention the details of the problem - No whole [para 3] response to phone calls - Request for immediate attention - Mention reputation of the firm c. bitterness or spitefulness [para 5] d. a religious journey [para 6] Ans: a. hierarchy b. proportion c. hostility d. pilgrimage PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) an extension of a bank even [c] _____ [as/when/ where/which] the bank is closed. The machine Grammar: [d] _____ [was/is/has been/should be] usually placed [e] _____ [at/of/in/on] a small room with 1. Rearrange the jumbled words to form a security guard stationed outside. You can meaningful sentences. [f] _____ [withdrew/withdrawn/withdrawal/ a. watermelon/thirst quenchers/the/in summer/ withdraw] money from an account, deposit one of the best/is cheques, order [g] _____ [a/an/the] cheque book, b. around/is/it/ninety six countries/world/the/in/ get [h] _____ [my/our/someone’s/your] account cultivated statements etc. The ATMs work round the year 24 c. in Africa/ago/about 5000 years/first/it was/ hours a day. grown Ans: d. say that/at the/it was grown/some a. a researchers/same time/in India b. acts c. when Ans: d. is a. One of the best thirst quenchers in summer is the e. in watermelon./The watermelon is one of the best f. withdraw thirst quenchers in summer . g. a b. It is cultivated in ninety six countries around the h. your world. c. It was first grown in Africa about 5000 years ago. 21 d. Some researchers say that it was grown in India at the same time. 2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate options from those given in the brackets. An ATM is [a] _____ [a/an/the/it] simple machine which [b] _____ [acted/acting/acts/is acted] as

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 3. Read the given dialogue and complete the g. too – to paragraph. Mike: W hat are you doing here in the library? I h. leader – leading haven’t seen you since June. Liz: I have just come back from my holiday in 5. In the following passage one word has been Ireland. omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. Mike: Did you enjoy it? It is easy to go out devour junk food and [a] Liz: I love Ireland. The Irish people are so alcohol. It is even easier to a cigarette thinking [b] friendly. that is the only way to your stress at bay. But, [c] what one is forgetting is the short-term perky [d] Mike asked Liz [a] __________. He also added feeling is the risk factor the fatal disease, cancer. that [b] _______. Liz replied that [c] ________. [e] Mike enquired [d] __________. Liz said that [e] The choice of being sync with peers and wanting __________ and that the [f] __________. [f] the cool lifestyle is of the prevailing reasons [g] Ans: for growing number of cancer cases in the city. [h] a. what she had been doing there b. he hadn’t seen her since June Ans: c. she had just returned from her holiday in Ireland. a.out and devour b.to smoke a d. whether she had enjoyed it c. to keep your e. she loved Ireland d. is that the f. Irish people were very friendly e. factor of the 4. In the given paragraph, there is an error in f. being in sync g. is one of each line. Edit the given paragraph. h. for the growing The latest data released with the Centers [a] for Disease Control and Prevention showing that [b] the weight of American men and women have [c] continued its downward climb, with the [d] average BMI now almost at the cut off on [e] obesity. Unlike the myriad diet fads those have [f] yet too stem the ever-increasing girth of human kind [g] what leader expert on portion control, describes [h] is not a diet but a practical approach to food and eating. Ans: a. with – by b. showing – showed c. have – has d. downward – upward e. on – for f. those – that 22

5.1 The Hundred Dresses –I Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: “As for the girls,” she said, “although just one or two sketches were submitted by most, one girl — and Room Thirteen should be proud of her — this one girl actually drew one hundred designs — all different and all beautiful. In the opinion of the judges, every one of the drawings is worthy of winning the prize. I am very happy to say that Wanda Petronski is the winner of the girls’ medal. Unfortunately, Wanda has been absent from school for some days and is not here to receive the applause that is due for her. Let us hope she will be back tomorrow. Now class, you may file around the room quietly and look at her exquisite drawings.” I. Who speaks the given words and to whom? 2. Why had Wanda been absent for some days? 3. What was the class asked to do? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘approval expressed by clapping hands’ (a) medal (b) opinion (c) exquisite (d) applause. Ans: 1. Miss Mason speak those words to the boys and girls of her class. 2. She no longer wanted to be in this school where she was teased for her unusual name. 3. The class was asked to go around the room and look at Wanda’s exquisite paintings. 4. (d) applause. 23

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the passage carefully. Answer the questions given below. [discursive] a. Mention any two important traits of a leader. The most important trait of a leader is b. What are the obstacles to good authenticity and self- knowledge. As a leader you communication? need to be clear about your values and belief c. What is very important for a business leader and system. This self-knowledge is a compass to why? navigate complex situations. Secondly, in order d. Why is a family-run business prone to to lead, one should have clarity of vision and conflicts? the ability to communicate it. The obstacle to e. Which generation is the most vulnerable in a good communication is not the lack of verbal family-run business? skills alone. It is also the capacity to view one’s f. How can leaders inspire others to trust and targets and goals through a self-generated lens support them? that sees the world in their own terms. Each of g. Find a word from para 1 which means the us is informed differently and our view of the same as ‘plot a course’. world is seen through our own lens and that may h. Find a word from para 4 means the opposite of be opaque to someone else. A great example ‘ambiguity’. of seeing through a different lens can be found in a family with different generations. The third Ans: trait for leadership is curiosity. Leadership is a. authenticity and self- knowledge, clarity of about change. The ability to respond to change is particularly critical to business leaders as the vision and the ability to communicate, ability to pace of innovation in business is very rapid. adapt to change, curiosity [any two] When it is a family running a business, family b. lack of verbal skills; capacity to view one’s shareholders have to proactively learn best targets and goals through a self-generated lens practices for sustaining a closely-held business that sees the world on one’s own terms over generations. The group must wrestle out c. The ability to respond to change is particularly issues together to arrive at a solution that is in critical to business leaders as the pace of line with the overall vision of the company to innovation in business is very rapid. benefit the business and its shareholders. It is d. It is inevitable to have conflicts as members inevitable to have conflicts as members are from are from different background and different age different backgrounds and different age groups. groups. In a family-run business, most members are e. The fourth generation worried about transition. Generally it is seen that f. By communicating effectively and motivating up to the third generation, there is a clear view people to work towards a vision of the founder of the business, his values. The g. Navigate next generation, following the third, is not only h. Clarity larger but more distanced from the company’s origins. Their challenges will include aligning with a smaller sub-set of the family members and balancing collective versus individual achievement. In conclusion, we can say that leaders start out with a vision. Having a vision to lead requires clarity of purpose and direction. Also, leaders need to have the ability to communicate and motivate people to work towards a vision. It is also important that they should inspire others to trust and support them. 24

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) II. You are Vikas, the sports teacher of your school. The sports items that you currently have, have become old and are worn out. Write a letter to the manager of Decathlon placing the order for new sports equipment. Hints: Follow the format of the letter Mention inquiry Create a table with all details such as name of the item, brand, numbers required Request for additional discount Mention to deliver the goods on time Promise immediate payment on delivery or ask if any advance payment is to be made PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. Rearrange the jumbled words to form 3. Below you can see a set of instructions for meaningful sentences. polishing shoes. Complete the paragraph on the a. Lalima/newborn/is/the/named/calf basis of the given information. b. the world’s/cloned/she/calf/first/is/buffalo • Dust the shoes with a cloth. c. cell/donor/murrah/the/ buffalo/taken/ear/ • Apply polish with a brush. from/was/a/the/of • Spread it over the surface evenly. d. cloning/this/animal/is/in/a/breakthrough/ • Polish the shoe in a to and fro motion. major • Work wherever you have applied polish. • Continue till the shoe gives a shine. Ans: • Repeat this process with the other shoe. a. The newborn calf is named Lalima. At first, the pair of shoe [a] ____ with a cloth. b. She is the world’s first cloned buffalo calf. Polish [b] ____ with a brush. It [c] _____ over c. A donor cell was taken from the ear of the the surface. The shoe is polished in a to and fro motion, working wherever the polish [d] _____. murrah buffalo. This process [e] _____ till the shoe [f] _____. d. This is a major breakthrough in animal cloning. 2. Fill in the blanks with one word only. Ans: At my new school I presented [a] _____ before the a. is dusted Principal [b] _____ admission. She [c] _____ me b. is applied a good look. Having been so [d] _____ without c. is spread evenly proper food [e] _____ bath and clean [f] _____ , I d. has been applied did not [g] _____ a good impression [h] _____ her. e. is continued f. gives a shine Ans: a. myself b. for c. gave d. long e. and f. clothes g. make h. on 25

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 4. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each line. Edit the given paragraph. Shashi Tharoor are a best- selling author [a] of eighteen books. And his literary ventures [b] begun long before the publication of [c] Reasons of State. His first publicity, [d] a short stories, came at the age of ten [e] in Bharat Jyoti, a Sunday supplement in ‘The Free Press’ Journal. While I was [f] still at school, a writer-in-making [g] was accustomed on seeing his name in print.[h] Ans: a. are – is b. And – But c. begun – began d. publicity – publication e. stories – story f. I – he g. a – the h. on - to 5. In the following passage one word has been omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. Fitness is a serious passion actors and when [a] they sweat it for a role, the level of dedication [b] can quite inspiring. Prateeksha is setting fitness[c] goals by taking aerial yoga. The actress says, [d] “I have always a workout person and hitting [e] the gym me an adrenaline rush. I have barely [f] tried yoga and then, I introduced to aerial yoga.[g] It is different regular yoga and challenging too. [h] Ans: a. passion for/among actors b. it out for c. can be quite d. taking up aerial e. always been a f. gym gives me g. I was introduced h. different from regular 26

6.1 The Hundred Dresses –II Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: Now it was Christmas time and there was snow on the ground. Christmas bells and a small tree decorated the classroom. On the last day of school before the holidays, the teacher showed the class a letter she had received that morning. “You remember Wanda Petronski, the gifted little artist who won the drawing contest? Well, she has written me, and I am glad to know where she lives, because now I can send her medal. I want to read her letter to you.” The class sat up with a sudden interest and listened intently. 1. What was the reason for the upcoming holidays at school? 2. Who was this teacher? What did she show? 3. How did the class react to what the teacher was saying? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘born with a lot of natural ability or intelligence.’? (a) glad (b) intently (c) gifted (d) decorated. Ans: 1. There were going to be holidays for the Christmas festival. 2. The teacher was Miss Mason. She was showing a letter from Wanda. 3. The class sat up with sudden interest and listened intently. 4. (c) gifted 6.2 Animals Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: They do not sweat and whine about their condition, They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins, They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God 1. What does the word ‘They’ refer to? 2. What do they not do about their condition? 3. What gives the poet a sick feeling? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the extract means ‘grumble’? (a) condition (b) sins (c) whine (d) awake. 27

6.2 Animals Ans: 1. The word ‘They’ refers to animals. 2. They do not grumble about their condition. 3. Any discussion about duty to God gives the poet a sick feeling. 4. (c) whine. 28

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Read the passage carefully. animals, arises from the fact that they have either [discursive] been proved useful or of no consequence. Either Every form of human activity upsets or changes way, from this, we have developed the idea of the wildlife complex of the area unceasingly and conservation which means preserving what we unavoidably. Man has destroyed many forms have left of our heritage of wildlife and even of wildlife for no reasonable purpose. Small finding room for rarities which may do a little sections of the community, for their own narrow damage on the side. and selfish ends, have destroyed many things of general interest. Expediency has often led Answer the questions given below. man to make grave blunders in land use, habitat a. What has been man’s attitude to wildlife? destruction and the extermination of many forms b. How is the justification given for the killing of of wildlife. In his everyday life, man’s attitude is determined wolves and wild boar in Britain? by purely practical considerations; ethical or c. What errors has man made in his destruction moral considerations come afterwards. Looked at in this way, the disappearance from Britain of predators? of such animals as the wolf and wild boar can d. What is the idea of conservation of wildlife? be more easily understood. In our intensely Ans: cultivated and overpopulated country there a. Man has destroyed many forms of wildlife for was no room for such large mammals, the one a predator of big livestock and the other a pest to no reasonable purpose. Man has made grave agriculture. Thus, man’s first attitude to animals blunders in land use, habitat destruction and is the result of their effect on his own survival the extermination of many forms of wildlife. or what he considers to be their effect on his b. In the intensely cultivated and overpopulated survival. country like Britain there was no room for Then, there is his concern with sport. The animals wolves and wild boars. He considers one a he sets aside for this purpose are given special predator of big livestock and the other a pest to protection and war is waged unceasingly on any agriculture. other creature that may be a danger to them. c. The animals he sets aside for sport are This creates many problems and man has made given special protection and war is waged serious errors in his destruction of predators. unceasingly on any other creature that may be Until recent years, all hawks and falcons were a danger to them. This meant the destruction of destroyed as ‘vermins’ by game preservers. This kestrels, which are useful to the farmer – sport meant the destruction of kestrels, which are acting against the interests of food production. useful to the farmer: it meant the destruction of d. The idea of conservation means preserving owls, which are useful to the farmer; so here you what is left of our heritage of wildlife and even have sports acting against the interests of food finding room for rarities which may do a little production. The tragedy of all this is that all the damage on the side. killing of predators did not in any way improve On the basis of your reading of the man’s sport. It has been clearly shown by passage, fill in blanks with appropriate modern research that eagles, hawks, falcons and words /phrases. predatory mammals have not the slightest effect a. The animals set aside by man for sports are on the number of game birds anywhere. given special ___ . Broadly speaking, man wages war against the b. Until recent years, all predators were creatures which he considers harmful, even destroyed as ‘vermin’ by ____. when his warfare makes little or no difference to Ans: the number of his enemies. And he encourages a. treatment those creatures which are useful, even though b. game preservers their attacks on pests make little difference to Find words from the passage which mean the the number of those pests. It would be true to same as the ones given below. say, therefore, that our attitude to song-birds, to a. pest [para 3] most birds of prey and to many of our predatory b. repercussion [para 4] Ans a. vermin b. consequence 29

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) II. Write a story in about 200 words based on the given picture. Ans: The story will be evaluated for title, content, structure & fluency. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: in/for] the complexion, to little Mia the answer [e] _____ [is/was/isn’t/wasn’t] simple chocolate. “It 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. makes my skin soft”, she explains, as a beautician Gamers [a] _____ deciphered the structure spreads the dark cream [f] _____ [in/for/over/ on] her face in the Spa-Tacular Salon, [g] _____ [b] _____ an enzyme, of an AIDS-like virus, [c] [a/the/some/an] professional beauty centre for _____ has eluded scientists for more [d] _____ children [h] _____ [at/in/near/before] Lebanon. a decade. The gamers achieved the discovery Ans: [e] _____ playing Foldit, an online game that a. knows [f] _____ them to collaborate and compete [g] b. and _____ predicting the structure [h] _____ protein c. older molecule. d. for Ans: e. is a. have f. on b. of g. a c. that/which h. in d. than e. while 3. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each f. enabled/helped/pushed line. Edit the given paragraph. g. in Unlike his competitors that tried out [a] h. of difference dance forms, Marcus stuck to [b] different variations of popping which he was[c] 2. Read the following passage and fill in the been training in for five years all through blanks with the most suitable word. the show. “I took class for two years and [d] after that I would practise on the streets [e] Mia may only be seven years old but the Lebanese and watch videos”, he recalls. “His teacher told [f] youngster [a] _____ [knew/knows/know/ me that he had not seen so dance moves [g] knowing] what she wants: a manicure [b] _____ before”, [or/but/with/and] pedicure in purple, a golden he says still dazed of his good fortune. [h] star stenciled onto her hair, and a facial. While many [c] _____ [older/old/oldest/elderly] women struggle over what works best [d] _____ [on/at/ 30

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Ans: a. that – who b. difference – different c. was – has d. class – classes e. practise – practice f. His – My g. so – such h. of – by 4. In the following passage one word has been omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. It was fun galore the venue, as the city’s [a] youngsters showed off dance moves at the [b] silent disco section, while many showcased their inherent talent at art section. There [c] were also who made the most of the job [d] zone gave them the opportunity to interact [e] with industry professionals. For those love [f] snooker, there a giant foot snooker section,[g] where individuals got inside a life size snooker table tried to pocket the balls. [h] Ans: a. galore at the b. off their dance c. at the art d. also many who e. zone that gave f. those who love g. there was a h. table and tried 5. Rearrange the jumbled words to form meaningful sentences. a. known as/is technically/body language/ kinesics b. to management/it is very/and leadership/ relevant c. your feelings and/language reveals/your own body/meanings to others d. body language/to you/reveals/meanings/ other people’s/their feelings and Ans: a. Body language is technically known as kinesics. b. It is very relevant to management and leadership. c. Your own body language reveals your feelings and meanings to others. d. Other people’s body language reveals their feelings and meanings to you. 31

7.1 Glimpses of India Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: We kids would be pushed aside with a mild rebuke and the loaves would be delivered to the servant. But we would not give up. We would climb a bench or the parapet and peep into the basket, somehow. I can still recall the typical fragrance of those loaves. Loaves for the elders and bagels for the children. 1. Why would the kids be pushed aside? 2. What did the baker have for the kids and elders? 3. How did the kids peep into the baker’s basket? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘pleasant smell’? (a) fragrance (b) bangles (c) parapet (d) rebuke. Ans: I. The baker would push aside the kids so that he could first deliver loaves to his buyers. 2 The baker had loaves for the elders and bagels for the kids. 3. The kids climbed a bench or the parapet to have a peep into the baker’s basket. 4. (a) fragrance. Extract 2: Midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore sits a piece of heaven that must have drifted from the kingdom of God. This land of rolling hills is inhabited by a proud race of martial men, beautiful women and wild creatures. Coorg or Kodagu, the smallest district of Karnataka is home to evergreen rainforests, spices and coffee plantations. Evergreen rainforests cover thirty percent of this district. During the monsoons, it pours enough to keep many visitors away. 1. What is referred to as ‘a piece of heaven’? 2. Where is it situated? 3. Is monsoon the peak tourist period of the place? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the pane means the same as ‘having to do with war’? (a) martial (b) coastal (c) wild (d) proud. Ans: 1. Coorg 2. It is situated in Karnataka, midway between Mysore and Mangalore. 3. During monsoons, there is heavy rainfall. Hence, many tourists don’t visit this place during monsoons. 4. (a) martial. 32

7.1 Glimpses of India Extract 3: ”We have an Indian legend too. Bodhidharma, an ancient Buddhist ascetic, cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditations. Ten tea plants grew out of the eyelids. The leaves of these plants when put in hot water and drunk banished sleep. “Tea was first drunk in China,” Rajvir added, “as far as 2700 BC!”. 1. Who cut off his eyelids and why? 2. What grew out of the eyelids? What were they used for? 3. When was the first tea drunk in China? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘a story from the past that may or may not be true’ (a) meditations (b) legend (c) ascetic (d) ancient. Ans: 1. Bodhidharma cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during his meditations. 2. Tea plants grew out of his eyelids. The leaves of these plants when put in hot water and drunk banished sleep. 3. Tea was first drunk in China about 5000 years ago. 4. (b) legend. 33

7.2 The Trees Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: My head is full of whispers which tomorrow will be silent. Listen. The glass is breaking. The trees are stumbling forward into the night. Winds rush to meet them, The moon is broken like a mirror, its pieces flash now in the crown of the tallest oak. 1. What is the poet’s head full of? 2. Explain ‘tomorrow will be silent’. 3. Why do you think ‘the glass is breaking’? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the extract means ‘a looking glass? (a) crown (b) mirror (c) whispers (d) winds. Ans: I. The poet’s head is full of whispers. 2. She means to say that she may not live long to write any more. 3. The glass is breaking because the trees are trying to make their way through it. 4. (b) mirror. 34

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) to see reality and introspect without distortions. Two, the frugal and egalitarian life has its appeal. I. Read the passage carefully. [factual] In a stratified world, one’s destination, caste and class often define the terms on which one engages BOOT CAMP FOR THE MIND with the world. This was an equal place that didn’t For ten days, I disconnected from the world. No charge anyone for anything. At Vipassana, money phone, no internet and no TV. I observed complete could buy you nothing. Three, it helped me learn silence. Woke up at 4am, meditated for over nine a new meditation technique that has boosted my hours a day; ate frugal meals at odd hours – break- meditative rigour. I have now truly begun to feel fast at 6.30am, lunch at 11am and dinner at 5pm. meditation’s benefit on both body and mind – I slept in a barely 9ft x 4ft barrack-like cell. I had better focus, higher self-control and lower stress gone for a Vipassana workshop. I think it is the best levels. break I have given myself. [Source: The Economic Times Magazine; Author: The decision to go was not easy. I had a slew of Malini Goyal] valid reasons not to go, including my teenaged son Answer the questions given below. and work deadlines. Then in January 2019, a friend forwarded a link to the Vipassana centre at Sohna. a. What was the best break that the author Within days I registered and left for the programme. had given herself? Maybe the author Yuval Noah Harari should get some credit. Earlier that month, I had read about b. What were the reasons the author men- him and his annual retreat. Or, maybe, it had more tions, that made her decision to go diffi- to do with the stirrings inside me. Since some time cult? I had felt it simmer. Tell-tale signs were all over. My morning calls to my family had stopped or become c. State two reasons which made the author brief. My patience threshold had dipped. Noise decide to go for the camp. tolerance had plummeted. Once, at a food court in a mall, I thought the ambient chatter would drive d. How did the author try to get rid of the me crazy. I lost my cool with people honking on the disturbances around her? road or jumping queues. Gory tales of murder and rape in newspapers upset me disproportionately. e. What, according to the author, makes The aggressive posturing on news channels unset- Vipassana relevant in today’s digital world? tled me. The vitriol on social media was viscerally repulsive. f. State any two reasons which made the I tried all I could, deploying my own noise-can- author feel good at the Vipassana centre. cellation mechanisms. I stopped my cable TV subscription to avoid news channels. I mastered g. What is Vipassana? the art of skipping the 'City News' page. I avoided h. Find a word from para 5 which means the malls. But the escape seemed near impossible. Then suddenly, Vipassana offered me an escape. same as ‘self-analysis’. Think of Vipassana as a boot camp for the soul. Ans: A rehab centre to help recharge and rejuvenate a. Going to Vipassana for a workshop. the mind. An executive education programme to b. Taking care of her teenaged son and work update and upgrade mental skills. It’s where one goes to disconnect; to live optimally in a connected deadlines. world. Life in the digital era suffers from a constant c. Morning calls to her family had stopped sensory onslaught. Vipassana offers a respite from the status-update treadmill. In the post-truth or become brief; patience threshold had world where alternate reality is more than a phrase dipped. Noise tolerance had plummeted; the and human mind struggles to separate reality from ambient chatter would drive her crazy; lost perceptions, switching off external variables can her cool with people honking on the road or bring some internal clarity in how one sees the jumping queues; gory tales of murder and world. This is why Vipassana – a meditation tech- rape in newspapers upset her dispropor- nique believed to have been practised by Gautam tionately; the aggressive posturing on news Buddha 2500 years ago – holds relevance in today’s channels unsettled her [any two] digital age. d. Deployed her own noise-cancellation mecha- Why did I feel so good in that 10–day break? I nisms; stopped her cable TV subscription have often asked this myself. Here are three broad to avoid news channel; mastered the art of reasons. Disconnecting from the outside world to skipping city news page; avoided malls. connect with myself is perhaps the biggest one. e. In the post-truth world where alternate Shorn of all distractions, Vipassana allows one reality is more than a phrase and human mind struggles to separate reality from perceptions, switching off external variables can bring some internal clarity in how one sees the world. 35

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) f. Disconnecting from the outside world to connect with oneself; this was an equal place that didn’t charge anyone for anything, money could buy one nothing; began to feel meditation’s benefit on both body and mind – better focus, higher self - control and lower stress levels. g. a boot camp for the soul; a rehab centre to help recharge and rejuvenate the mind. h. Introspect II. Write a story in about 200 words based on the given picture. Ans: School canteen – a place for some fun and break from books – also a place for irrelevant fights among students - dinner time – all students asked to stand in a line – some refused as they were extremely hungry – a fight ensued between two students – others unnecessarily got caught in the broil – chaos in the canteen – war- den interferes – all punished – deprived of the dessert. [This is just a skeleton. Students are free to express their ideas] The story will be evaluated for title, content, structure and fluency. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. h. like At that moment the wind rose [a] _____ a gust. 2. Read the given dialogues and complete the The liberated flames began [b] _____ race towards passage. the east. There were [c] _____ peasants’ huts near Ramdhan : I need ghee to make the offering. the oven [d] _____ were engulfed [e] _____ the Sohan : There’s no ghee in the house. fierce flames. Fed in this way, the blaze spread Ramdhan : Don’t say such things. God has given even further. Panditji’s barn was in [f] _____ path you so much. and it pounced upon it. By now the whole village Sohan : I have no cows or buffaloes, so how can was in a panic. They began to band together to [g] I have ghee? _____ out the fire but the sprinkle of water acted Ramdhan told Sohan [a] __________. Sohan [h] _____ oil on it and the flames kept mounting said that [b] __________. Ramdhan advised higher. Sohan [c] __________ and added that [d] __________. Sohan said that he had no cows or Ans: buffaloes and [e] __________. a. with Ans: b. to c. some a. that he needed ghee to make the offering d. which b. there was no ghee in the house e. by c. not to say such things f. its d. God had given him so much g. put 36

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) e. asked how could he have ghee Ans: 3. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each a. would be delighted line. Edit the given paragraph. b. but not Maria c. is one of Sun bears, a smallest of the world’s d. set to disrupt eight bear species [a] e. building at Russia’s is generally solitary animals, f. University during exam content to spend [b] g. have been brought many of their time alone outside h. move into the mating season, [c] foraging for fruits, rodents, birds of insects in 5. Rearrange the jumbled words to form meaning- ful sentences. [d] southeast Asian tropical forest but, a. are/Indian temples/of/a storehouse/Indian art scientists said [e] b. the temple architecture/form an/the they also possesses an unexpected social skill [f] sculptures and paintings/essential part of that puts it in elite company c. engineering marvel/is both/the architecture/an alongside humans [g] and some of your close evolutionary cousins.[h] artistic masterpiece/in some temples/and an Ans: Ans: a. a – the a. Indian temples are a storehouse of Indian art. b. is – are b. The sculptures and paintings form an c. many – most essential part of the temple architecture. d. of – and c. The architecture in some temples is both an e. forest – forests artistic masterpiece and an engineering marvel. f. possesses – possess OR g. it – them In some temples, the architecture is both an h. your - our artistic masterpiece and an engineering marvel. 4. In the following passage one word has been omit- ted in each line. Supply the missing word. Many students would delighted to [a] have the World Cup in town, but Maria Cheremnova. The 20-year-old physics [b] student is of the thousands campaigning against the [c] soccer tournament, which is set disrupt academic life [d] across the country. There will be a 25,000 capacity fan zone outside the main building Russia’s prestigious Moscow [e] State University exam season. In other cities exams [f] have brought forward and thousands of police are set [g] to move the dorm zones. [h] 37

8.1 Mijbil the Otter Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: I made a body-belt for him and took him on a lead to the bathroom, where for half an hour he went wild with joy in the water, plunging and rolling in it, shooting up and down the length of the bathtub underwater, and making enough slosh and splash for a hippo. 1. What did the author make and for what? 2. What happened in the bathroom? 3. What is a characteristic of otters? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: In the passage, which is the word that means ‘diving quickly’? (a) rolling (b) plunging (c) shooting (d) making. Ans: I. He made a body-belt for his otter. 2. The otter kept playing with water and went wild with joy. 3. Otters love to slosh and splash in water. 4. (b) plunging. Extract 2: A suitcase that I had taken to Iraq had became damaged on the journey home, so that the lid, when closed, remained at a slope from one end to the Other. Mij discovered that if he placed the ball on the high end it would run down the length of the suitcase. 1. Where was the author travelling to? 2. What had happened to the suitcase? 3. What did Mij discover? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘side on which one end is higher than the other’? (a) high (b) journey (c) length (d) slope. 38

8.1 Mijbil the Otter Ans: 1. He was journeying from Iraq to London. 2. It had been damaged so that the lid remained at a slope from one end to the other. 3. He discovered that if he placed the ball at the high end of the lid, it ran down the length of the suitcase. 4. (d) slope. 39

8.2 Fog Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: The fog comes on little cat feet. It sits looking over harbour and city on silent haunches and then moves on. Questions 1. Name the poem and the poet. 2. What is the fog compared to? 3. How does the fog come? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the poem means ‘a port for ships’? (a) fog (b) harbour (c) haunches (d) city. Ans: 1. The name of the poem is ‘Foe’. The name of the poet is Carl Sandburg. 2. The fog is compared to a cat. 3. It comes silently. 4. (b) harbour. 40

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the passage carefully. [factual] ties are determined by one of the three qualities – inertia, activity or balance. He further says that As we grow older, we learn that we have little in human beings the quality of ‘balance or purity’ control on circumstances or people around us. dominates which is why humans are able to trust We learn that at the end of all knowledge is the and care for strangers. realization that we know nothing at all. We learn Lately, advances in neuroscience reveal the social that no matter what we have planned our lives, nature of the brain and also its plasticity – the circumstances overtake us and the life we live is ability to change with influence or with our own quite different from what we planned it to be. Are efforts. If we cannot change our qualities or our we then not in control of any aspect of our lives? lives, maybe we still can possibly shape our We have been brought up on the concept of indi- brains to create new habits and responses. vidualism as the ideal – the belief that we alone are capable of controlling our minds, and respon- Answer the questions given below. sible for the decisions we take, thus directing a. What do humans learn with the passage of the course of our lives. But could it be that these decisions are not fully under our control? In short, time? are we the active drivers or the passive observers b. Mention the factors that influence the brain of our lives? A sense of control is very reassuring. Humans and the decisions that humans make. need to feel in control in order to feel secure. Rit- c. The foundation of our sense of control and uals, social norms and values help give us a sense of control. When there are rules, there is a need to individuality is manipulated. Explain. keep people in check. And so, either someone as- d. Which quality, according to Devdutt Patanaik, sumes that control or cedes it to another, trusting and empowering another to do the needful. is dominant in humans and how does it play A plethora of bestselling books in recent times its part in shaping humans? based on neuroscience research suggests that Ans: our decisions are neither the result of our free will, nor of rational, logical thinking. The premise is a. we learn that we have little control on circumstanc- that humans are lazy, myopic and herd followers, es or people around us - we know nothing at all - no and so our choices and decisions come mostly matter what we planned for our lives, circumstanc- from learnt behavior or from societal influences. es overtake us and the life we live is quite different Our brains and our decisions are influenced from what we planned it to be by our prejudices, emotions, learned behavior and even by external circumstances as basic as b. Our brains and our decisions are influenced by our weather, people around us and what our senses prejudices, emotions, learned behavior and even by are experiencing. external circumstances as basic as weather, people Choice, the big buzzword of our times – the around us and what our senses are experiencing. foundation of our sense of control and individ- uality – is manipulated all the time. We are so c. We are so bombarded with choices, and yet in- bombarded with choices, and yet insidiously sidiously messages are relayed to influence our messages are relayed to influence our decisions. decisions. So, a supermarket may give you multiple brands of shampoo, but keep within reach only the ones d. the quality of ‘balance or purity’ dominates which they wish to promote. is why humans are able to trust and care for strang- Devdutt Patanaik, in his book My Gita, says that ers. we are all helpless with limited control over the Complete the statements. world. We are not agents, but instruments of the a. Humans need to ________________________ world. Every organism’s capabilities and capaci- ____________. b. If we cannot change our qualities or our lives _______________________. Find words from the passage which mean the same as : c. give authority to do something [para 3] d. in a gradual, subtle way [para 5] Ans: a. feel in control in order to feel secure 41

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) b. we still can possibly shape our brains to create new habits and responses. Synonyms c. empowering d. insidiously II. You are Saurav/Surabhi, a student of grade X. You happen to see a lot of your friends disturbed by the constraints in the school, especially in the tenth grade. But you feel that these constraints enhance your performance. Write an article on the topic ‘Right Constraints Boost Performance’. Ans: Common among youngsters to complain about constraints – too little time – not enough money – too small a network – barely enough resources – constraints hold one back. Constraints often force one to make choices and cultivate talents that would otherwise go undeveloped – drive creativity – foster skill development Ways to choose the right constraints – decide the specific skill to be developed – create opportunities to use the skill – set a schedule – try to change the environment – prioritizing the strength [Marks will be awarded for format, content, structure and fluency] PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. [on/of/in] the head. The sailor fell down on the The farmers, in the fruit farms,[a] _____ fruits ground unconscious [f] _____ [by/with/off] a before they are fully ripe for otherwise they big cut on his forehead. The boys thought [g] [b] _____ become overripe or decay [c] _____ _____ [which/what/that] he was dead and ran reaching the customers. Fruits picked too away with fear. Narendra did not run [h] _____. young [d] _____ not ripen. It is difficult to [away/on/of] understand [e] _____ a fruit will ripen [f] _____ Ans: not. Scientists [g] _____ developed a scanner a. and [g] _____ can predict the ripening of the fruits. b. lifting Ans: c. along a. pick d. their b. may e. on c. before f. with d. do/will g. that e. if/whether h. away f. or g. have 3. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each h. that/which line. Edit the given paragraph. 2. Read the following passage and fill in the Nutrition and balanced diet is the modern[a] blanks with the most suitable word. terminology we use on food habits. Many[b] The sailor was a tall [a] _____ [or/but/and] strong people eat too much spicy foods and with a[c] man. He started [b] _____ [lift/lifted/lifting] the lot of chilly. Too much of oil food and fried[d] pole [c] _____ [among/along/on] with the boys. food is other problem. The spice and oily[e] Suddenly, the pole slipped out of [d] _____ [his food forces us to take too much water where [f] their/our] hands. As it fell, it hit the sailor [e] _____ eating food. But ideally we need not take [g] water at last one hour before having food. [h] 42

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Ans: a. Nutrition – Nutritious b. on – in c. foods – food d. oil – oily e. other – another f. where – while g. need – should/must h. last - least 4. In the following passage, one word has been omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. Once we had to the mountains. There was the [a] green grass covered the slope all the way down [b] to house, and it looked amazing. He was delighted to [c] see that and it only helped increasing his love for [d] nature. He became extremely fond the grass. [e] Often, he climb up the slope and roll down himself [f] and laugh out loud. Ans: a.had gone to b. grass that covered c. to our house d. helped in increasing e. fond of the f. he would climb 5. Rearrange the jumbled words to form meaningful sentences. a. had died/an infant/Sharon’s/when she/mother/was b. somewhat/of it/her brother/unbalanced/the grief c. engineering/after a/to study/he went/England/off to/few years d. was raised/our house/his aunt/the boy/by/in. Ans: a. Sharon’s mother had died when she was an infant. b. The grief of it unbalanced her brother somewhat. c. After a few years he went off to England to study engineering. d. The boy was raised by his aunt in our house. 43

9.1 Madam Rides the Bus Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: The bus rolled on now cutting across a bare landscape, now rushing through a tiny hamlet or past an odd wayside shop. Sometimes, the bus seemed on the point of gobbling up another vehicle that was coming toward them or a pedestrian crossing the road. But lo! Somehow it passed on smoothly, leaving all obstacles safely behind. 1. Where was the bus going? 2. What seemed would happen if another vehicle came from the opposite side? 3. From whose point of view has the journey been described here? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word or phrase means “to eat fast and greedily”? (a) crossing (b) cutting across gobbling (d) leaving. Ans 1. It was going to the nearest town. 2. It seemed that the bus would gobble up the other vehicle. 3. It has been described from Valli’s point of view. 4. (c) gobbling. Extract 2: The bus stopped and some new passengers got on, and the conductor got busy for a time. Afraid of losing her seat, Valli finally sat down. An elderly woman came and sat beside her. “Are you all alone, dear?” she asked Valli as the bus started again. Valli found the woman absolutely repulsive — such big holes she had in her ear lobes, and such ugly in them! 1. When did Valli sit down on her seat and why? 2. What did the elderly woman ask Valli? 3. Describe the elderly woman. 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘completely’? (a) ugly (b) elderly (c) finally (d) absolutely. Ans: 1. She sat down when the bus stopped, and some passengers got on. She sat down in fear of losing her seat. 2. The elderly woman asked Valli if she was all alone. 3. The elderly woman looked repulsive. 4. (d) absolutely 44

9.2 The Tale of Custard the Dragon Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: Suddenly, suddenly they heard a nasty sound, And Mustard growled, and they all looked around. Meowch! cried Ink, and ooh! cried Belinda, For there was a pirate, climbing in the winda. Pistol in his left hand, pistol in his right, And he held in his teeth a cutlass bright, His beard was black, one leg was wood; It was clear that the pirate meant no good. Questions 1. What sound did they hear? 2. What did the pirate have with him? 3. What was wrong with one leg? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: What is the meaning of ‘nasty’? (a) pleasant (b) unmerciful (c) cowardly (d) unpleasant. Ans: I. They heard someone climbing in through the window. 2. He bad two pistols, one in each hand. He held a small sword between his teeth. 3. It was made of wood. 4. (d) unpleasant 45

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) a room with running temperature. He was just think- ing of getting back home, but once he recovered, the I. Read the passage carefully. [factual] roads did not allow him to go back home. Even when Pranaal Khatri was preparing for his class Answer the questions given below. 12 Chemistry exam, he had made a decision. He knew a. What did Pranaal Khatri decide to do when he had to take a path not tread often. He wanted to take a break from studies and travel, meet people he was preparing for his chemistry exam? and understand them, all by hitchhiking. b. Mention the vehicles on which he hitchhiked And that’s exactly what he did, after completing his exams. His journey as hitchhiker saw him hitching during his journey. rides on bullock carts, two wheelers, trucks and lux- c. What challenges, according to Khatri, does ury cars such as BMWs. Khatri was on his way to Yel- lapur in North Karnataka. At Yellapur, he planned to travel pose? interact with the Siddhi tribes to have a deeper un- d. How did Khatri fend for himself during his derstanding of their way of life. “Travel had three challenges – transportation, food journey? and accommodation and since I come from a middle e. What did travel mean to Pranaal? class family, I knew my parents would not give me f. What happened to Khatri while in Nepal? money,” he said. So how did he dodge the money is- g. Find a word from paragraph 1 which means sue? “During my journey, I never accepted money, nor did I ask people for food. I stayed on streets, camps, the same as ‘walk’. or at hostels – where I volunteered,” he said. h. Find a word from paragraph 5 which means His journey began in November 2017 from Rajasthan and he has travelled the whole of north India and the opposite of ‘ignored’. covered 21 states, and returned home after eight Ans: months. He stayed home for less than a month and a. He wanted to take a break from soon decided to travel to Mangalore to learn surfing. studies and travel, meet people and He stayed at a surf club as a volunteer. understand them, all by hitchhiking. Once he spent all the money that he had brought b. bullock carts, two wheelers, luxury along with him from home, he decided to hit the cars such as BMW and trucks roads again. He felt that he had not explored enough c. transportation, food and accommodation of South India and started his journey again and has d. During his journey, he never accepted travelled to Bangalore, Mysore, Hampi, Koppal and money, nor did he ask people for food. Gokarna. This time he reached out to the villages. He stayed on streets, camps, or at “It took me almost four months to convince my par- hostels – where he volunteered. ents. For them there was pressure from the society. e. It is about meeting new people and My parents felt that I would give up easily and return trying to inspire young minds. home soon,” he said. There were days when Pranaal f. He fell sick and a British national looked covered about 400 km travelling or even walking for after him. For three days, he was sleeping several kilometers. in a room with running temperature. “This journey does not have a particular purpose, but g. Tread it is about meeting new people and trying to inspire h. explored young minds. I was not great at academics and un- II. You have read an article in the newspaper derstand very well what a student goes through when about an accident which claimed five precious he fails. I learn from people and listen to their stories. lives. You are quite disturbed by what you During my first journey, I followed Google maps, but have read and decide to write a letter to the now I just go where my heart and mind take me,” he editor of a newspaper about the poor condi- said. tions of roads in your city. Write the letter as There have also been difficult moments for the teen. Sanjay/Sanjana. When he was in Nepal, he fell sick and a British nation- al looked after him. For three days, he was sleeping in 46

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Ans: Causes of poor roads – weather conditions, con- stant digging and construction, confusing signage, not enough funds for maintenance, callous attitude of authorities - Causes of accidents – speeding, failing to yield to traffic rules, distracted driving and poor road- sMeasures – proper lane markings, walkways, median barriers, larger and more legible signs and imposing fine or jail term for those violating traffic rules PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. Expand the given newspaper headlines. Ans: DIRECTOR TO GIVE MORE POWER TO UNIVERSITY CAMPUS a. was GUARDS b. wanted c. was watching The Director has announced that the university d. saw guards ____________________ more power in the e. always dreamt coming days to ensure safety in the campus. f. stares STAR KID RECEIVES BEST DEBUT AWARD g. imagines The daughter of a well- known actor of yesteryears h. is studying ____________________ at a function held in the city last week. 3. In the given paragraph, there is an error in DOZENS INJURED AFTER EARTHQUAKE IN SOUTH each line. Edit the given paragraph. TURKEY. People within high commitment and low compe- Turkish officials say dozens ____________________ tence [a] after an earthquake hit South Turkey in the early are typically workaholics that work very hard.[b] hours of the morning. But they may not attain successful easily due to[c] GIANT MOSQUTO FOUND IN CHINA lack on competence. These people need smart [d] Chinese entomologists ____________________ a and efficiency training to promote their growth [e] giant mosquito with a wing span of 11.15cm in the quickly. There low competence does not make [f] Sichuan province. them shining stars and often these are used [g] Ans: only to accomplish some routine but repetitive a. will be given jobs. [h] b. received best debut award Ans: c. were injured a. within – with d. have found b. that – who c. successful – success 2. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms. d. on – of e. efficiency – efficient When Laura Martin [a] _____ [to be] just ten, she [b] f. there – their _____ [to want] to be a dancer. She [c] _____ [to watch] g. these – they TV one day when she [d] _____ [to see] Shiamak Dhavar h. but – and dancing at an awards function. Since then she [e] _____ [always/to dream] of doing the same. Whenever there is dance programme on TV, she [f] _____ [to stare] at the television screen for hours and [g] _____ [to imagine] herself dancing. At the moment, however, she [h] _____ [to study] in class four. 47

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 4. In the following passage one word has been omit- ted in each line. Supply the missing word. Every human being conflicts while working [a] with others these conflicts haunt us thereby [b] de-capacitating inherent values. These conflicts[c] are a constant source worry and should be [d] removed failing they burn us. The primary source[e] of conflict is between ‘Who’s right’ and ‘What’s right. These issues need to sorted out immediately before [f] they cause further confusion. Ans: a. being has conflicts b. others and these c. de-capacitating our inherent d. source of worry e. failing which they f. to be sorted 5. Rearrange the jumbled words to form meaningful sentences. a. sedentary/habits/lifestyle/to/modern/has led b. identified/anthrax/researchers/ destroy/have/way to/a new c. large quantities/sweating/results in/ drinking/warm water/of d. hardly/koalas are/ever/drink/animals that/water Ans: a. Modern lifestyle has led to sedentary habits. b. Researchers have identified a new way to destroy anthrax. c. Drinking large quantities of warm water results in sweating. d. Koalas are animals that hardly ever drink water. 48

10.1 The Sermon at Benares Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: Kisa Gotami became weary and hopeless and sat down at the wayside watching the lights of the city, as they flickered up and were extinguished again. At last the darkness of the night reigned. And she considered the fate of men, that their lives flicker up and are extinguished. And to herself, “HOW selfish am I in my grief! Death is common to all; yet in this valley of desolation there is a path that leads him to immortality who has surrendered all selfishness.” 1. Why was Kisa Gotami weary and hopeless? 2. What did she see sitting at the wayside? 3. What did Kisa Gotami come to realise? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means ‘stopped burning’? (a) surrendered (b) reigned (c) flickered (d) extinguished. Ans: 1. She had been going from house to house to have a handful of mustard seeds as desired by Buddha. But she could not find any house where no one had ever died. It made her weary and hopeless. 2. She saw the flickering lights of the city. These lights were extinguished after some time and there was complete darkness. 3. She realised that all human lives got extinguished after some time in the manner of flickering lights. 4. (d) extinguished. Extract 2: “Mark! While relatives are looking on and lamenting deeply, one by one mortals are carried off, like an ox that is led to the slaughter. So, the world is afflicted with death and decay. Therefore, the wise do not grieve, knowing the terms of the world. Not from weeping nor from grieving will anyone obtain peace of mind; on the contrary, his pain will be the greater and his body will suffer. He will make himself sick and pale, yet the dead are not saved by his lamentation. He who seeks peace should draw out the arrow of lamentation, and complaint, and grief. 1. What are mortals compared with? 2. What fact of life did the Buddha convey to Kisa Gotami? 3. When can you obtain peace of mind in this world? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the passage means the same as ‘Tilling of animals, etc.’? (a) decay (b) slaughter (c) obtain (d) suffer. Ans: 1. Mortals have been compared with oxen that are led to be slaughtered. 2. He conveyed the fact that there is none who can escape death. 3. Only when one who draws out the arrow of all sorrow and becomes composed, can one obtain peace in this world. 4. (b) slaughter. 49

10.2 For Anne Gregory Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: But I can get a hair-dye And set such colour there, Brown, or black, or carrot, That young men in despair May love me for myself alone And not my yellow hair.” 1. Who is speaking these lines? 2. Why is the young man in despair? 3. What is the antonym of the word, ‘despair’? 4. Choose the correct option for the following: Which word in the extract means ‘a substance used for changing the colour of hair’? (a) colour (b) despair (c) carrot (d) hair-dye. Ans: I. A young woman is speaking these lines. 2. The young man has fallen from a position of power and riches. That is why he is in despair. 3. hope 4. (d) hair-dye. 50