202110727-PERFORM-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SCIENCE-G09-FY_Optimized

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Choose the correct option: (2 Marks) 1. Sound velocity is fastest in _____. IV. Solve these: (6 Marks) a. Oxygen 1. Hearing range of a person is 20 Hz to 20 kHz. If the speed of the sound is in air is 346 b. Nitrogen m/s, what are the wavelengths for that frequency? c. Metals d. Water 2. Ultrasonic waves have frequencies __________. a. Above 20 kHz b. Below 20 kHz c. Below 20 Hz d. none of the above II. Name the following: (3 Marks) 1. Sound is a form of 2. The outer ear is called as 3. Bats hunt in the night by using of III. Give reasons in one word or in a single 2. A sonar device sends out ultrasound that sentence for the following statements: returns in 5s. The speed of the ultrasound in (4 Marks) sea water is 1531 m/s. What is the distance 1. Humans are not able to hear many sounds between seabed and device? but dogs can. 2. Generally cinema halls have curved ceiling. 3. To hear an echo, the minimum distance should be 17.2 m at 220C 4. The sound of thunder is heard a little later than a flash of light seen. 88

13. Why Do We Fall Ill? Learning Outcomes • List out the functions of various plant tissues. • Explain the vectors involved, means of spread At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Explain the importance of health. and symptoms of various infectious diseases. • Define the term disease. • Explain the principle and process of treatment • Distinguish between ‘healthy’ and ‘disease free’. • Distinguish between acute and chronic disease through immunization and vaccination. • Suggest preventive measures for various and give examples. • Distinguish between infectious and diseases. non-infectious diseases and give examples. Concept Map Why do we fall ill Health and its significance Diseases Means of spread Prevention and cure of diseases Acute Chronic Infectious Non-infectious Air Water Food Vector disease disease disease disease Key Points • Some diseases can last for a long time, even as much as a lifetime, and are called chronic • ‘Health’ is therefore a state of being well diseases. Example – tuberculosis. enough to function well physically, mentally and socially. • Diseases where microbes are the immediate causes are called infectious diseases. • Disease is a state of feeling uncomfortable, Eg – malaria. While some are caused by internal which could be at times characterised by factors and not infectious agents, such diseases certain symptoms. are called non-infectious dieseases. • Some diseases last for only very short periods • Drugs for curing diseases caused by these of time and these are called acute diseases. organisms are designed based on the Example – common cold. 89

13. Why Do We Fall Ill? biological characteristics of the pathogen. • Means of spread of diseases are air, water, food, direct contact and vectors. • Most of these symptoms are observed in response to activated body’s immune system to infection. An active immune system recruits many cells to the affected tissue to kill off the disease-causing microbes. This recruitment process is called inflammation. As a part of this process, there are local effects such as swelling and pain, and general effects such as fever. • An infected person can take medicine to get relief from the symptoms like fever, loose motion, headache, inflammation, etc. • Antibiotics drug block the bacterial synthesis pathway without affecting our own. Similar drugs are available for other pathogens also. • Immune system of our body produces response when it first sees an infectious microbe. This response is remembered by the immune system. The next time that particular microbe, or its close relatives enter the body, the immune system responds with even greater vigour. This eliminates the infection even more quickly than the first time around. This is the basic principle of vaccination. • During vaccination mimics of microbe which we want to vaccinate against, is introduced into the body. Thus, our immune system will remember the response and act accordingly when the real pathogen enters our body. • Vaccines are available for preventing infectious diseases like tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, polio and many others. Key words - Disease, heath, symptom, vaccine, immunisation, drugs, malaria, diabetes, elephantiasis, fever, HIV AIDs, inflammation, antibiotics, bacteria, virus, cholera, diarrhoea. 90

13. Why Do We Fall Ill? Work Plan Concept Sub-Concept Practice Sheet Health and its PS-1 failure • Significance of health PS-2 Infectious and • Difference between healthy and PS-3 non-infectious PS-4 diseases disease free Means of spread • Acute diseases • Chronic diseases Principles of • Causes of infectious and non-in- prevention fectious diseases. • Symptoms of infectious and non-infectious diseases. • Air-borne diseases • Water-borne diseases • Diseases spread through vectors • Organ-specific and tissue-specific manifestations • Immune system • Vaccination • Measure of prevention of infec- tious and contagious diseases Worksheet for \"Why Do We Fall Ill?\" PS-5 Evaluation with Self-evaluation Sheet self- check or Peer check* 91

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) II. Answer each of these questions: 1. What do you mean by disease symptoms? I. Choose and circle the most appropriate Explain giving two examples. option for each of the following statements: 2. What is the common symptom of stress? 1. _______ is a state of being well enough to 3. Why do chronic diseases affect us more than function well physically, mentally and acute diseases? socially. 4. Give two examples for each of the following. a. health a. Acute diseases b. ease b. Chronic diseases c. disease 5. Social equality and harmony are necessary d. illness for good health. Explain. 2. The ailments that can last for a long time, 6. What is the difference between being even as much as a lifetime, are called ____ ‘healthy’ and ‘disease-free’? diseases. 7. List out the public health services that ensure a. chronic good health of residents of a particular b. acute area. c. genetic d. simple d. Common cold 6. The organ affected by Japanese encephalitis PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) is _____________. I. Choose and circle the most appropriate op- a. liver tion for each of the following statements: b. kidney 1. Kala azar is caused by ______. c. brain a. Leishmania d. heart b. Staphylococci 7. The malarial infection that comes into c. Mycobacterium d. Trypanosoma the body via a mosquito bite finally 2. The worm found in human small intestine is affects_____. __________. a. red blood cell a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. liver b. Staphylococci c. bones c. Mycobacterium d. skin d. Trypanosoma 8. Jaundice is observed if the______ is affected. 3. The cell that is saucer shaped is __________. a. red blood cell a. Bone cell b. liver b. Red blood cell c. bones c. White blood cell d. skin d. Cheek cell II. Answer each of these questions: 4. The disease caused by Trypanosoma is 1. Write one point of difference between _______. infectious and non-infectious diseases. a. Brain fever 2. How is brain fever caused? b. Sleeping sickness 3. How does malarial bacteria infect our body? c. Common cold 4. Tabulate and classify various diseases caused d. Tuberculosis by fungi, bacteria, worms, protozoa and 5. Which of the following disease is not caused virus. by bacteria? a. Anthrax 92 b. Typhoid c. Cholera

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose and circle the most appropriate option for each of the following statements: 1. Syphilis spreads through __________. a. air b. contaminated food c. unprotected sexual contact d. contaminated water 2. HIV AIDs does not spread through __________. a. infected pregnant mother to the foetus b. casual handshake with an infected person c. unprotected sexual contact c. blood transfusion from an infected person 3. _______ virus is spread by the bite of infected dogs and other animals. a. Anthrax b. Typhoid c. Rabies d. Common cold 4. The HIV infection that comes into the body via the sexual organs further spreads to ___ all over the body. a. blood b. lymph nodes c. bones d. skin 5. The disease caused by consuming contaminated food is a. Malaria b. Common cold c. Cholera d. Brain fever 6. The animals that carry the infecting agents from a sick person to another person are called __________. a. vector b. pathogen a. host c. victim II. Answer each of these questions: 1. How can we prevent air-borne diseases from spreading? 2. What are water-borne diseases? Explain with the help of an example. 3. How does HIV AIDS spread? 4. How does HIV virus weaken our body? 5. Harry was suffering from fever since many days. When checked, his blood reports indicated that he was suffering from malaria. How does malaria spread? How can we prevent this disease? 93

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose and circle the most appropriate option for each of the following statements: 1. The recruitment process done by an active immune system to kill pathogens is called __________. a. inflammation b. vaccination c. medication d. treatment 2. The _______ system is made up of bones and muscles that holds the body parts together and helps the body move. a. musculoskeletal b. excretory c. skeletal d. muscular 3. The mimics of microbes which is introduced in our body to develop a memory for our immune system is called _______. a. medicine b. energy supplements c. vaccines d. antibiotic II. Name the following: 1. Two groups of organisms from which antibiotics can be extracted. 2. An example of antibiotic. III. Answer each of these questions: 1. What is an antibiotic? 2. Indians need not take vaccination for Hepatitis A. Why? 3. Making anti-viral drug is difficult compared to anti-biotics. Why? 4. How does penicillin function to kill bacteria in our body? 5. What is inflammation? How is it indicated? 6. State the principles of treatment. 94

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) 8. If you live in an overcrowded and poorly ventilated house, it is possible that you may I. Choose the correct option suffer from which of the following diseases? a. Water borne diseases 1. Which one of the following is not important for b. Chronic diseases individual health? c. Air borne diseases a. Social equality and harmony d. Congenital diseases b. Good economic condition Directions for Qns: 9 and 10: c. Living in a large and well-furnished house In each of the following questions, a statement d. Living in clean space of Assertion is given and a corresponding statement of Reason is given just below it. Of 2. BCG vaccine is used to prevent the statements, given below, mark the correct a. Tuberculosis answer as: b. Polio a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and c. Pneumonia Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion d. Diarrhoea b. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of 3. Which one of the following is a Assertion non-communicable disease? c. If Assertion is true but Reason is false a. Malaria d. I f both Assertion and Reason are false b. Cholera c. Tuberculosis 9. Assertion: Chicken pox is a mild disease howev- d. Cancer er it leaves scars and marks. Reason: Chicken pox results in rashes which 4. AIDS cannot be transmitted by appears first on face and spreads on stomach a. Breast feeding and chest later. b. Sexual contact c. Hugs 10. Assertion: cancer is a non-infectious disease. d. Blood transfusion Reason: Cancer impairs normal body activities only for few days. 5. Uncontrolled cell division leads to a. Gigantism b. Cancer c. Whooping cough d. Normal growth 6. Which of the following is a set of bacterial diseases? a. Tetanus, tuberculosis, measles b. Diphtheria, leprosy, plague c. Cholera, typhoid, mumps d. Malaria, mumps, poliomyelitis 7. Which of the following can make you ill if you come in contact with an infected person? a. High blood pressure b. Sneezing c. Blood cancer d. Genetic abnormalities 95

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) II. Short Answer Questions 1. Classify the following diseases as infectious or non-infectious. Cancer, Heart disease, Tuberculosis, AIDS, Cholera, High blood pressure 2. Mention the possible causes that you can think of when a baby is suffering from diarrhea, while other babies in the same locality do not. Which among them will you rate as immediate cause and what term is given to other causes? 3. The symptoms of the disease will depend on the tissue/organ targeted by the infectious agent. Justify with three examples. III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Write an account on acute and chronic diseases. 2. What precautions will you take to justify, 'prevention is better than cure.'? 96

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Fill in the blanks: (4 Marks) 3. Raj has suffered from chickenpox when he was 10 years old. Will he suffer from chicken 1. Ailments that last for a long time are called pox again if he is exposed to that virus? ______ diseases. (2 Marks) 2. Acne is caused by ______ bacteria. 3. __________ is the biological name of round worm. 4. The disease caused by Leishmania is _______. II. Write one example for each of these: (2 Marks) 1. A disease due to unprotected sexual intercourse. 2. A disease caused by fungi. III. Answer each of these questions: 1. What is health? Give any four factors necessary for a healthy person. (5 Marks) 2. How does typhoid infect our body? (2 Marks) 97

14. Natural Resources Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • State causes and effect of pollution. • Understand the importance natural resources. • Explain the process of weathering of rocks. • Explain the role of atmosphere in climate control. • Explain the greenhouse effect. • Explain the formation and patterns of wind. • State the importance of ozone layer. • Explain the formation of rain. • State causes and effect of ozone layer depletion. Concept Map Natural resources Natural resources Biogeochemical cycles Environmental degradation Air Water cycle Pollution Water Oxygen cycle Global warming Minerals Nitrogen cycle Ozone layer depletion Carbon cycle Key Points small amounts of nitrogen and sulphur. When these fuels are burnt, nitrogen and sulphur too • Life on Earth is dependent on many factors. are burnt and this produces different oxides Most life-forms need an ambient temperature, of nitrogen and sulphur. These gases are water and food. dangerous when inhaled, they also dissolve in rain to give rise to acid rain. • Movement of air is the result of changes that • Regular breathing of air that contains take place in our atmosphere due to the pollutants increases the incidence of allergies, heating of air and the formation of water cancer and heart diseases. An increase in the vapour. content of these harmful substances in air is called air pollution. • Water vapour is formed due to the heating • Over long periods of time, the rocks at or near of water bodies and the activities of living the surface of the Earth are broken down by organisms. The atmosphere can be heated various physical, chemical and some biological from below by the radiation that is reflected or processes. The end product of this breaking re-radiated by the land or water bodies. down is the fine particles of soil. • The whole process in which water evaporates • Rainfall patterns are decided by the usual and falls on land as rain and later flows back wind patterns. In large parts of India, rains are mostly brought by the southwest or north-east monsoons. • The fossil fuels like coal and petroleum contain 98

14. Natural Resources into the sea via rivers is known as the water-cycle. • Nitrogen is a part of many molecules' essential to life like proteins, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and some vitamins. • Some gases prevent the escape of heat from the Earth. An increase in the percentage of such gases in the atmosphere would cause the average temperatures to increase worldwide and this is called the greenhouse effect. • Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases. • An increase in the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere would cause more heat to be retained by the atmosphere and lead to global warming. • Ozone absorbs harmful radiations from the Sun. This prevents those harmful radiations from reaching the surface of the Earth where they may damage many forms of life. Various man-made compounds like CFCs (carbon compounds having both fluorine and chlorine which are very stable and not degraded by any biological process) were found to persist in the atmosphere. Key words – Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, CFC, ozone, rock, minerals, weathering, pollution, UV radiations, greenhouse gases 99

14. Natural Resources Work Plan Concept Sub-Concept Practice Sheet Simulation The Water-cycle • Natural resources PS-1 • Role of atmosphere Air • Movement of air PS-2 • Rain • Air pollution PS-3 PS-4 Water • Importance of water to the PS-5 And living systems Minerals • Causes, effects and prevention of water pollution • Weathering of rocks • Soil-as a resource Biogeochemical • Carbon cycle cycles • Nitrogen cycle • Oxygen cycle • Water cycle • Importance of Ozone layer • Greenhouse effect Worksheet for \"Natural Resources\" Evaluation with self- Self-evaluation check or Peer check* Sheet 100

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) c. Rain water leads to fertility of the soil. d. Rain water does not cause I. Choose and circle the most appropriate option for each of the following statements. any change in soil. 1. The movement of air from one region to the 5. Presence of high levels of all these pollutants other creates _____. a. Winds in cold weather gives rise to b. Pressure a. Fog c. Rain b. Smoke d. Clouds c. Smog 2. If there was no atmosphere around the Earth, d. Fumes the temperature of the Earth will a. Increase II. Answer each of these questions: b. Go on decreasing 1. What is air pollution? List its causes and c. increase during day and effects. decrease during night 2. What is the role of atmosphere in sustenance d. be unaffected of life on Earth? 3. Rainfall patterns depend on 3. Explain the term biosphere and its a. Underground water table components. b. Prevailing wind patterns 4. Mrs. Sunita asks her students to read an c. Rate of evaporation article published in a daily newspaper titled d. Density of clouds ‘Mathura refinery pose problems to the Taj 4. What happens when rain falls on soil without Mahal’, and list out the main reasons as to vegetation cover? why Mathura refinery is threat to Taj Mahal. a. Rain water percolates in soil efficiently. What could be the major explanations? b. Rain water causes loss of surface soil. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Answer each of these questions: 1. Weathering involves many physical, chemical and biological processes. Justify. 2. Define water cycle. 3. How does Sun contribute in soil formation? 4. How does temperature variation affect aquatic life? 5. Trees are biotic factors responsible for soil formation. Justify. 6. Rivers from land, add minerals to sea water. Justify the statementt. 7. How is the life of organisms living in water affected when water gets polluted? 8. During summer, if you go near the lake, you feel relief from the heat. Why? 9. Explain availability and existence of water. 10. List out some farming practices that can prevent soil erosion. 101

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose and circle the most appropriate option 5. Find out the wrong statement from the for each of the following statements following 1. Plants can assimilate ammonium ion or other a. Oxygen is returned to atmosphere during bacteria which can change ammonium to photosynthesis nitrate by ________. b. Carbon dioxide is returned to atmosphere a. Ammonification during photosynthesis b. Nitrification c. Fixation c. Carbon dioxide is returned to atmosphere d. Condensation during respiration 2. The organisms which survive in the absence d. Glucose is the end product of photosynthesis of oxygen are _______. 6. Which of these processes is not involved in a. Anaerobes b. Aerobes the carbon cycle? c. Algae a. Combustion of fuel d. Bacteria b. Transpiration a 3. In which of the following is nitrogen is not c. Respiration d. Photosynthesis present? a. Alkaloid II. Answer each of these questions b. Fats 1. Define bio-geochemical cycle. c. DNA 2. How is nitrogen important to living d. Urea organisms? 4. During lightning the high temperature and 3. Explain the sources of carbon dioxide. 4. How does ammonification and denitrification pressure created in the air converts nitrogen occur? into 5. How do lichens grow on rocks? a. Nitrous acid b. Nitric acid c. Oxides of Nitrogen d. Ammonia PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) II. Answer each of these questions. 1. What is greenhouse effect? I. Choose and circle the most appropriate 2. How does ozone layer deplete? option for each of the following statements 3. List the hazards of ozone layer depletion. 1. Which of the following is not a green house 4. How are greenhouses useful in agriculture? gas? 5. Oxygen exists in two allotropic states. a. ammonia Explain. b. carbondioxide 6. Write the difference between both the c. carbonmonoxide allotropic forms of oxygen. d. methane 2. The poisonous gas amongst the following is ___ a. Oxygen b. Ozone c. Air d. Carbon dioxide 102

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: 8. Why is it difficult to integrate nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into the nitrogen cycle of the 1. Soil erosion can be prevented by biosphere? a. Intensive cropping a. Few organisms can directly utilise atmospheric b. Terrace farming nitrogen gas c. Deforestation b. Oceans quickly absorb nitrogen gas d. Both a and b c. Nitrogenisnotveryabundantintheatmosphere d. Living organisms quickly absorb nitrogen gas. 2. Which of the following processes is involved in the water cycles? 9. Among the given options, which one is not cor- a. Sublimation, filtration and sedimentation rect for the use of large amount of fertilisers and b. Solidification, extraction and purification pesticides? c. Evaporation, condensation and precipitation a. They turn the fields barren after some time. d. Evaporation, dehydration and hibernation b. They are eco-friendly. c. They destroy the soil fertility. 3. One of the following factors does not lead to soil d. They adversely affect the useful component formation in nature. from the soil. a. Wind b. Polythene bags 10. What would happen, if all the oxygen present in c. The sun the environment is converted to ozone? d. Water a. We will be protected more. b. It will help harmful sun radiations to reach 4. Climate change may impact earth and damage many life forms. a. Agriculture, natural terrestrial ecosystems and c. Ozone is stable; hence it will be toxic. water resources d. It will become poisonous and kill all living b. Air quality, oceans, and coastal zones forms. c. Energy and human health d. All the above II. Short Answer Questions: 5. ‘Ozone-hole’ means 1. What do you know about the hole in the ozone a. Thinning of the ozone layer layer? Explain the probable damages caused by b. Thickening of ozone in the ozone layer it. c. Small holes scattered in the ozone layer d. A large sized hole in the ozone layer 2. Population explosion is the main cause of pollution. Explain. 6. Minerals and metals are a. Inexhaustible 3. Why is majority of fresh water not available to b. Biodegradable resources us for use? c. Renewable d. Non-renewable III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Describe an activity to show the effect of low 7. Some bacteria can ‘fix’ nitrogen. This means a. They convert ammonia into nitrites and nitrates pressure and particulate nuclei over water b. They convert nitrates into nitrogen gas vapours? c. They convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into biologically usefully forms of nitrogen 2. a. Justify “Dust is pollutant”. d. They break down useful nitrogen-rich b. Carbon dioxide is necessary for plants. Why do compounds and release ammonium ions. we consider it as pollutant? 103

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Name the following: (3 Marks) 5. The process of nitrogen-fixing by bacteria does not take place in the presence of 1. The substances which are responsible for _____. damaging ozone layer. a. Hydrogen 2. A free-living bacterium which helps in b. Oxygen nitrogen fixation. c. Carbon d. Water 3. Any two greenhouse gases. 6. _____ convert ammonia into nitrates. a. Algae II. Choose and circle the most appropriate b. Nitrobacteria option for each of the following statements: c. Azotobacter (6 Marks) d. Chlamydomonas 1. Cholera is caused due to III. Answer each of these questions: (6 Marks) 1. The temperature on moon ranges from -1900C to 1100C even though the distance from moon to sun is same as that of earth to sun. Why? a. Air pollution b. Global warming c. Sound pollution d. Water pollution 2. Growth of lichens on barren rocks is followed by the growth of a. Ferns 2. Rachna was doing a case study on aquatic life, where she came across a pond which b. Algae was situated very close to a chemical. On detailed study she found that there was c. Moss mass mortality of fishes in a pond. What may be the reasons? d. Gymnosperms 3. Nitrates are absorbed by plants into their system and utilised for making ______. a. Fat b. Carbohydrate c. Proteins d. Vitamins 4. Certain bacteria reduce nitrates back to nitrogen or to ammonia or to some other oxide by the process of ______. a. Nitrification b. Ammonification c. Digestion d. Denitrification 104

15. Improvement In Food Resources Learning Outcomes • Describe the different types of cropping. • State the importance of pesticides and insecti- At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Enlist the main steps in agriculture in a proper cides. • Explain the appropriate method of storing grains. sequence. • Explain the appropriate way of managing cattle, • Explain various ways of nutrient management. • Explain the advantages and disadvantage of fer- poultry, fish and bee for food production. tilizers and manure. • Explain the various methods of irrigation. Concept Map Improvement in food resources Agriculture Animal husbandry Crop variety Crop Crop Cattle Fish Poultry Bee keeping improvement production protection farming production manage- management ment Nutrient management Stgorraaignesof Irrigation Cropping patterns Key Points • There are some crops, which are grown in rainy season, called as kharif season from the month • Food is one of the primary needs of all human of June to October, and some of the crops are beings. Plants and animals provide us food. With grown in the winter season, called as rabi the growing population, meeting the demand for season from November to April. food has become a challenge. Various strategies are being used to increase the yield from plants • The major groups of activities for improving and livestock. crop yields can be classified as: • Different crops require different climatic • Crop variety improvement conditions, temperature and photoperiods for • Crop production improvement their growth and completion of their life cycle. 105

15. Improvement In Food Resources • There are two ways of obtaining fish. One is from natural resources, which is called capture • Crop protection management. fishing. The other way is by fish farming, which • Hybridisation refers to crossing between is called culture fishery. genetically dissimilar plants. This crossing may • Honey bees are reared to commercially be inter-varietal (between different varieties), produce honey. interspecific (between two different species of the same genus) or intergeneric (between Key words – fertilizer, manure, poultry, fisheries, different genera). crops, vermi-compost, irrigation, hybridisation, • There are sixteen nutrients which are essential nutrients, animal husbandry for plants. • Deficiency of these nutrients affects physiological processes in plants including reproduction, growth and susceptibility to diseases. • The soil can be enriched by supplying these nutrients in the form of manure and fertilizers. • Organic farming is a farming system with minimal or no use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides etc. and with a maximum input of organic manures, recycled farm-wastes (straw and livestock excreta), use of bio-agents such as culture of blue green algae in preparation of biofertilizers, neem leaves or turmeric specifically in grain storage as bio-pesticides. • Mixed cropping, crop rotation and inter- cropping are some of the healthy cropping methods. • Irrigation – It is a process of artificially watering the crops. Irrigation is useful during poor monsoon. • Weeds, insects, pests, worms spoil the crops. • weeds are unwanted plants in the cultivated field, like xanthium, parthenium, cyperinus rotundus. • Preventive and control measures are used before grains are stored for future use. • Animalhusbandryisthescientificmanagement of animal livestock. Animal-based farming includes cattle, goat, sheep, poultry and fish farming. • Cattle husbandry is done for two purposes— milk and draught labour for agricultural work such as tilling, irrigation and carting. • Poultry farming is undertaken to raise domestic fowl for egg production and chicken meat. 106

15. Improvement In Food Resources Work Plan Concept Sub-Concept Practice Sheet PS-1 • Types of crops PS-2 Crop variety improvement Improvement in crop • Nutrient management PS-3 yields • Manure • PS-4 PS-5 • Fertilizer Self-evaluation Sheet • Irrigation and its types Cropping patterns Improvement in crop • Pest control yields • Controlling weeds • • Storage of grains Animal husbandry • Cattle farming • Poultry farming • Types/species of cattle of poultry • Food requirements of diary and poultry animals • Living conditions of diary and poul- try animals • Health and vaccination of diary and poultry animals Animal husbandry • Fish production • Marine fisheries • Inland fisheries • Types and species of fish • Nutrient requirement of fish • Fish breeding • Bee-keeping • Species of bees Worksheet for \"Improvement In Food Resources\" Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 107

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Choose and circle the most appropriate option for each of the following statements: 1. Which of the following is not a source of carbohydrate? a. gram b. rice c. wheat d. millets 2. Which one is an oil yielding plant among the following? a. coconut b. lentil c. cabbage d. groundnut 3. Pigeon pea is a good source of ___. a. Fats b. Phosphorus c. Protein d. Potassium 4. Photoperiod affects the———— in plants. a. reproduction b. flowering c. formation of pollen d. photosynthesis II. Answer each of these questions: 1. Differentiate between kharif and rabi crops with examples. 2. Which are the major groups of activities for improving crop yields? 3. Quality considerations of crop products vary from crop to crop. Explain with examples. 4. Fertilisers should be applied carefully in terms of proper dose. Why? 5. Shorter the duration of crop maturity, more is the profit for farmers. Why? 6. Explain any five factors responsible for variety improvement in agriculture. 108

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) II. Answer each of these questions: 1. Which are the alternative ways to prevent I. Choose and circle the most appropriate weed growth? option for each of the following statements: 2. Which are the preventive and control 1. Weeds affect the crop plant by measures used before grains are stored? a. killing plants 3. What is organic farming? How can we b. competing with plants for resources compliment it with healthy cropping c. dominating the plants systems? d. all of the above 4. Describe the various kinds of irrigation 2. The irrigation method where water is directly systems adopted to supply water to drawn from the rivers is called agricultural lands. a. canal 5. Explain the types of manure. b. river lift system c. drip irrigation d. tube wells 3. Intergeneric crossing refers to crossing between a. between different varieties b. between two different species of the same genus c. between different genera d. none of the above 4. Which one of the following nutrients is not available in fertilisers? a. Nitrogen b. Phosphorus c. Iron d. Potassium 5. Planting soyabean and maize in alternate rows in the same field is ______________ method. a. mixed cropping b. crop rotation c. inter cropping d. none of the above 6. Growing different crops on a piece of land in pre-planned succession is known as ____________ . a. mixed cropping b. crop rotation c. inter cropping d. none of the above 7. Xanthium and parthenium are examples of ____________ . a. bio-pesticides b. weeds c. algae d. predators 109

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose and circle the most appropriate option for each of the following statements: 1. Poultry animals are prone to following pathogens a. fungi b. virus c. bacteria d. all of the above 2. Which of the following is a species of Indian cow? a. Bos indicus b. Bos bubalis c. Rana tigrinia d. Homo sapiens 3. Cattle husbandry is not done for one of the following process a. ivory production b. milk production c. agricultural work d. all of the above 4. Find out the wrong statement from the following a. White revolution is meant for increase in milk production b. Blue revolution is meant for increase in fish production c. Increasing food production without compro- mising with environmental quality is called as sustainable agriculture d. None of the above 5. Cattle used for tilling and carting are ____ a. diary animal b. drought animal c. aseel d. local species II. Answer each of these questions: 1. Which are the two types of food requirements of diary animals? 2. Which nutrients does cattle feed include? 3. How can we prevent poultry fowl from various diseases? 4. Which are the desirable traits of a poultry fowl? 5. What would happen if poultry birds are larger in size and have no summer adaptation capacity? In order to get small sized poultry birds, having summer adaptability, what method will be employed? 110

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Fill in the blanks: 1. Pearls are obtained from _____________. 2. Sometimes, fish are also grown in the ________________ field. 3. The biological name of the indian bee is _________________. II. Answer each of these questions: 1. How are fish located in an open sea? 2. Why do farmers use bee-keeping as a side income? 3. What determines the quality and taste of honey? 4. Give the merits and demerits of fish culture. 5. Italian bees are the better choice for commercial honey production. Why? 6. John intends to start fisheries business. His friends advise him to practice composite fish culture. Name any one bottom feeder that John can grow in composite fish culture. What are the common problems faced in this practice? Suggest measures to overcome such problems. 111

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: 8. Match the Column I with the Column II and select the correct option from the codes given 1. DDT is: below. a. An antibiotic a. (i) – d, (ii)- b, (iii)- a, (iv)-c b. Not a pollutant b. (i) – c (ii)- b, (iii)- a, (iv)-d c. A biodegradable pollutant c. (i) – b (ii)- c, (iii)- a, (iv)-d d. A non-degradable pollutant d. (i) – d (ii)- a, (iii)- b, (iv)-c Directions: In each of the following questions, 2. Cattle feed should contain: a statement of Assertion is given and a a. Concentrate corresponding statement of Reason is given b. Roughage just below it. Of the statements, given below, c. Spices mark the correct answer as: d. Both a and b (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion 3. Males of honeybee colony are: (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but a. Drones Reason is not the correct explanation of b. Workers Assertion c. Soldiers (c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false d. Draughts (d) If both Assertion and Reason are false 4. To solve the food problem of the country, which 9. Assertion: Fungicides act against fungal patho- among the following is necessary? gens a. Easy access of people to the food grains Reason: Fungicides are not harmful for human b. Increased production and storage of food beings grains c. People should have money to purchase the 10. Assertion: All pesticides are insecticides grains Reason: Pesticides enrich soil with essential d. All of these nutrients. 5. Growing two or more crops in definite row pat- II. Short Answer Questions: terns is known as: a. Mixed cropping 1. What do you mean by the following? b. Organic cropping a. Blue revolution – c. Intercropping b. White revolution – d. Crop rotation c. Green revolution – 6. The technique of growing two or more different 2. Ram and Shyam were given fertilisers and ma- crops together in the same field is known as: nure both to use in their field. Ram selected to a. Mixed farming use manure. Why did he not select fertilisers? b. Mixed cropping c. Intercropping 3. The use of natural manure is better than the use d. Crop rotation of fertilisers. Mention any two points in support of this statement. 7. Match the following columns and select the cor- rect option from the codes given below. III. Long answer questions a. (i) – c, (ii) -e, (iii) – d, (iv) a, (v) bs b. (i) – b, (ii) d; (iii) – c, (iv) -e, (v)- a 1. What are the various methods of irrigation in c. (i)- a, (ii)- d, (iii)- e, (iv) – c, (v) - b India? d. (i) – e, (ii) – b, (iii)- a, (iv)- d, (v)-c 2. Large amount of food grains gets spoiled every year in India due to improper storage of food grain. How can this be avoided? 112

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Fill in the blanks: (5 Marks) 3. Which crop amongst the following does not require nitrogenous fertiliser and why? 1. Growing two or more crops in definite row Rice, Soya bean and wheat. (2 Marks) patterns is known as _______. 2. Biological name of the rock bee is __________. 3. Compost prepared by using earthworms is called ________. 4. _______ refers to crossing between genetically dissimilar plants. 5. __________ are made by introducing a gene that would provide the desired characteristic. II. Answer each of these questions: 1. What are pesticides? Why are pesticides cautiously applied in appropriate quantity? (5 Marks) 2. What are the initiatives taken for (3 Marks) conserving water? 113

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