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Lesson Winning Freedom 6 I Will Learn About 6.1 R the rise of revolutionaries. U rise of Gandhi in the Indian National Movement. A roles played by the revolutionaries and the Congress in the freedom struggle. h the difference in approaches during two different revolutions. Concept 6.1: Revolutionary Efforts Towards Indian Freedom I Think Rashi, Morad and Meher are watching the news. Some people are holding signs and shouting. They are also on a hunger strike. Rashi: Morad bhai, what’s going on? Morad: People are on a hunger strike. They are asking the government for a better salary. Meher: What is a ‘hunger strike’? Morad: It is an old method where you do not eat till you get what you want. Even Mahatma Gandhi adopted this method to force the British out of our country! QQ. Who used hunger strike to force the British out of India? (A) Emperor Akbar (B) Rani Lakshmibai (C) Mangal Pandey (D) Mahatma Gandhi NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 51 47 04-Jan-18 5:07:55 PM

I Remember THE RISE OF THE REVOLUTIONARIES As we read in the previous lesson, the Indian National A revolutionary is a person Congress split into the Moderates and the Extremists. who participates or leads Many active young leaders from the Swadeshi movement in a revolution. also turned to a revolutionary movement. The revolutionaries aimed to overthrow the British by violence. They were armed and set up secret societies. They undertook heroic assassinations of individual colonial officers who were either cruel or unjust towards Indians. Although Bengal was at the centre of revolutionary activity, there were activists all over India. In one of the akharas or gymnasiums, a secret society called Anushilan Samiti was formed. They published a newspaper, Yugantar, to educate the masses and get their support. V D Savarkar ran a group called ‘Mitra Mela’. Many societies were also V D Savarkar working for the cause from Europe and America. They also helped Indian students in studying abroad. Hemachandra Kanungo travelled to Europe to learn about training revolutionaries. The British hanged some revolutionaries and deported others such as Savarkar to Andaman for lifetime. Preparation for an armed struggle against the British continued through secret societies, bomb factories and ‘political dacoities’. The Hindustan Republican Association(HRA) had many centres in Uttar Pradesh. They wanted to overthrow the British to end the exploitation of the poor. In Kakori, they tried to loot a government train but failed. Some important Sukhdev members of the HRA fearlessly faced death in 1927 for their role in the Kakori conspiracy case. After their hanging, the leaders of the movement secretly met in Delhi. They established the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army(HSRA) in 1928. The young Bhagat Singh was the main speaker of the HSRA. They were intent on spreading their ideas primarily amongst farmers, students and workers. In December 1928, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru, with the help of Rajguru Chandrashekhar Azad killed a police officer called Saunders. He was responsible for the 48 04-Jan-18 5:07:55 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 52

death of Lala Lajpat Rai in a police lathi-charge during a peaceful protest. This act was welcomed with great enthusiasm by ordinary people all over the country, who turned them into national heroes. In 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt hurled harmless bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly, to ‘make the deaf hear’, and scattered HSRA leaflets to spread their message. Bhagat Singh and his aides, including Chandrashekhar Azad were killed in Bhagat Singh 1931. After this, some revolutionary activity continued, often to avenge the death of these heroes, but with little impact. In 1938, the most long-lived revolutionary organisation, the Yugantar formally decided to dissolve itself. I Understand INDIA’S STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM In 1915, an Indian who had gone to South Africa to be a lawyer returned to India. This leader was M K Gandhi. He did not believe in violence and urged the Indians to follow the path of Ahimsa or 'non-violence'. He believed that violence would simply cause more violence. He introduced the concept of Satyagraha or ‘adherence to the truth’. He was ready to break unjust rules by passive resistance. If the British beat him or sent him to prison, he would gladly accept it. Most importantly, he did not hate them. This was Gandhi’s method of Satyagraha. Let us read about a few significant events in the course of India’s struggle for freedom. Year Event Causes Effect 1917-18 Champaran 1919 Incident Farmers and mill workers M K Gandhi went on a hunger Rowlatt Act were paid fewer wages. strike to fight for their rights. 1919 Jallianwala Bagh Before the Act, the British The Act gave the power to Massacre could arrest Indians just on the British to continue doing suspicion. Indians protested the same. against it. Around 20,000 people As it was a closed park, gathered in Jallianwala thousands of people including Bagh, Amritsar for a children were killed. This peaceful protest. General angered and shocked the Dyer, a British Officer, Indians. opened fire on the people without warning. Winning Freedom 49 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 53 04-Jan-18 5:07:55 PM

Year Event Causes Effect 1920 Non-Cooperation British sold their goods Leaders asked people not to use 1922 Movement in Indian markets. This foreign goods. Sweet-makers affected the Indian artisans refused to use foreign sugar. and farmers. Indian leaders Washers refused to use foreign were worried that this soaps and students' refused to would not allow Indians use foreign paper. Various Indian to develop their own industries sprang up and grew in industries. size. Chauri-Chara A group of protestors The angry crowd set the police Incident became violent and station on fire. Some police clashed with the police. The officials died in the incident. police fired on them. Gandhi called of the Non- Cooperation Movement. Jallianwala Bagh Non-Cooperation Dandi March Massacre Movement Year Event Causes Effect 1929 To elect a new president Lahore session of Jawahar Lal Nehru was elected Congress as the president of the Congress. The Congress asked for Purna Swaraj or complete freedom. 1930 Dandi March The British stopped Indians M.K Gandhi marched to Dandi from making salt and sold and made salt. He was arrested imported salt at higher for breaking an unjust law. Many prices. other Indians did the same at different places. 50 04-Jan-18 5:07:55 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 54

From the events mentioned in the table, you can see how the different events shook the British Government in India. Train My Brain 1) Name a moderate leader. 2) What does ‘revolutionary’ mean? I Apply EVENTS LEADING TO INDIA’S FREEDOM The Civil Disobedience Movement was unsuccessful in many of its efforts. In spite of its failure, it made the Congress very popular. The failed movements prepared the country to undertake more desperate measures for freedom. Quit India Movement After the Civil Disobedience Movement, a world war Civil Disobedience broke out in 1939. India was forced to participate in the Movement war. By this time, the entire nation was resolute that the British had to leave India. On 8th August, 1942, M K Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement. In this movement, he raised the slogan of ‘Do or Die’. During this time, most of the Congress leaders were in prison. Thus, this movement did not gather support from people all over India. The All India Muslim League, several princely states and some Indian industrialists opposed the movement. This movement was easily suppressed. The British made mass arrests and imposed heavy fines on the people. Many leaders had to leave the country or go into hiding. During this time, another leader, Subhas Chandra Bose came into prominence. The Indian National Army (INA) Subhas Chandra Bose was an extremist leader in the Indian National Congress. He broke away from the party very early. He was convinced that the British would never leave India peacefully. Winning Freedom 51 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 55 04-Jan-18 5:07:55 PM

Subhas Chandra Bose sought help from Japan to raise India’s first independent army. He raised an army of 40,000 soldiers and named it the Azad Hind Fauj or the Indian National Army. This army also had a women’s wing under the command of Captain Lakshmi Sahgal. The INA was aimed to recapture Delhi from under the Captain Lakshmi Sahgal and British rule. Initially, the INA was successful in pushing Subhas Chandra Bose back the British. Eventually, the British defeated the Indian National Army. These failures did not dampen the struggle for freedom of the Indian people. Rather, it inspired people to fight harder. After the defeat of the INA, the British Indian Army, revolted all over the country. It became impossible for the British to control or suppress revolts throughout the nation. India wins freedom On 15th August 1947, at 12:02 a.m. just after midnight, India became a free country. Thus, Indians had finally managed to free their country from the British. However, on 3rd June 1947, the last British Governor General Louis Mountbatten announced the partition of British India into India and Pakistan. So, although India became free, it was partitioned into two countries. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) The revolutionaries were inspired by the French Revolution. During the French Revolution, farmers and workers protested against their rulers violently. On the other hand, a movement in Africa was led by Nelson Mandela. He agreed with Gandhi and followed the path of non-violence. He was also jailed. You can find out more about the causes and effects of the French Revolution and the movement in South Africa. 52 04-Jan-18 5:07:55 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 56

Be Amazed The INA's battle cry, Jai Hind was declared the ‘national greeting’ of India by Nehru and remains a popular nationalist greeting. Today, it is used by all Indian prime ministers to conclude their Independence Day speeches. Connect the Dots English Fun Although India gained independence in 1947, there were many Englishmen and women who remained in India. Their children grew up with a mix of Indian and English values and ideas. They are called Anglo-Indians. ‘Anglo’ means ‘English’. Maths Fun 15th August is also celebrated as the Independence Day in the Democratic Republic of South Korea (1945), Congo (1960) and Bahrain (1971). How many years have these countries been independent for? South Korea Congo Bahrain A Note to Parent Ask your child to narrate the freedom struggle of India and the names of the people who played an important role in it. Winning Freedom 53 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 57 04-Jan-18 5:07:55 PM

New Words 1) intent – an aim or purpose 2) passive resistance – a way of opposing the government without violence by refusing to obey laws 3) massacre – the violent killing of many people 4) imported – to bring a product into a country to be sold 5) resolute – having or showing a lot of determination 6) launched – to begin something like an attack 7) prominence – to be well known 54 04-Jan-18 5:07:55 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 58

Lesson The Partition of India 7 I Will Learn About 7.1 R events that happened during the partition of 1947. U the causes and effects of the partition. A the challenges while building the nation. h relations between India and Pakistan. Concept 7.1: The Partition of 1947 I Think Rashi is telling Morad and Meher about one of her friends. Rashi: Morad bhai, my friend’s grandfather used to live in Pakistan. He says that India and Pakistan were one country. Morad: Yes! India and Pakistan were one country. Meher: I can’t believe it! Rashi: When was India divided? QQ. When do you think India was divided into India and Pakistan? (A) 1857 (B) 1947 (C) 1957 (D) 2011 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 59 55 04-Jan-18 5:07:56 PM

I Remember The partition of British India is one of the saddest events that has happened in Indian history. The partition divided the country, separated families from their homes and turned friends into enemies. 1947 – THE PARTITION OF INDIA Partition means 'dividing something into parts'. Here India experienced partition with its independence in it means dividing land 1947. During this partition, the northwestern part of the according to borders. country and the eastern half of Bengal Presidency were separated from the rest of the country. The divide and rule policy of the British led to the creation of political parties based on religious lines. This had led to a demand for a separate nation for Muslims. On 3rd June, Governor-General Mountbatten declared that British India will get freedom. However, it would be divided in two countries. This led to the formation of India and Pakistan. Main events that took place before, during and after the partition of India 1906 A new party called The All-India Muslim League was formed. This party promised to work for the benefit of the Muslims. 1940 Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the All-India Muslim League, demanded the creation of a separate country. All-India Muslim League 1946 The partition of India and Pakistan was agreed upon. 1947 British India was split into India and Pakistan. Muhammad Ali Jinnah 56 04-Jan-18 5:07:56 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 60

I Understand Causes FOR THE PARTITION OF BRITISH INDIA The partition of 1947 happened due to different reasons. Let us learn about them. • R eligious interests: The British tried to remove all traditional Sanskrit and Arabic schools and promoted English schools. This angered the Hindus and the Muslims. Leaders such as Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah felt that Muslims should live in a separate area. This way, they could control the education and other matters. • F ear of continued violence and domination: The divide and rule policy of the British had given rise to a lot of violence. Thus, some Muhammad Iqbal leaders wanted separate countries for Hindu and Muslim majorities. They believed it would put an end to the violence. Gandhi and others were against the partition of the country. But the British, the Congress and the Muslim League finally decided on the partition to end the increase in violence. The partition of 1947 had varied consequences. EFFECTS OF THE PARTITION OF BRITISH INDIA • Creation of a new country: The partition celebrations near Red Fort to mark resulted in the creation of a new country Delhi as the new capital called Pakistan. • Loss of property: The people who were moving from one side to another were forced to leave their homes and property behind. • Loss of life: When the countries were divided, people had to find new places to live. There was a lot of violence in the area around the new borders. Many communities including Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs, suffered immense loss of life, livelihood and property. The Partition of India 57 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 61 04-Jan-18 5:07:56 PM

partition of India Train My Brain 1) Name some leaders who were against the partition. 2) Why was the partition of India based on religion? I Apply CHALLENGES WHILE BUILDING THE NATION India’s population in 1947 was large, almost 35 crores. It was also divided into castes. There was widespread poverty and many other problems. India had taken some important steps to address these issues. Let us take a look at the table: Problem Description Solution Lack of proper laws There was no set of laws and The Constitution was written and Diversity rules to govern the country. adopted on 26th January, 1950. There were divisions between States were created based high castes and low castes. on common languages. All There were many different the citizens of India are equal religions and cultures. The citizens according to our constitution. spoke many different languages and had different professions. 58 04-Jan-18 5:07:56 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 62

Problem Description Solution Agriculture During Independence, the Many agricultural reforms majority of Indians lived in the were taken to increase the Unemployment villages. Farmers depended on productivity of lands. The the monsoon for their survival. ‘Green Revolution’ educated People’s The British rule had forced the farmers so that they could participation farmers to produce certain increase the yield of their lands. crops. Many factory workers lived The Planning Commission was in slums. Most of the Indian set up. They decided which industries were in ruins. factories were to be set up and the locations of the factories. Indians wanted ‘Swaraj’. There Our Constitution allowed was no way to ensure every everyone who was over the age citizen’s participation. of 18 years to vote. Elections were to be held every five years. THE NATION, post independence On 15 August 2018, India celebrated seventy-one years as an independent nation. How well has the country done since Independence? India is still a united and democratic country. Fifteen general elections to elect Prime Minister have been conducted. Hundreds of state and local elections have been held. We also have a free press and independent judiciary system. India's first general election 59 The Partition of India 04-Jan-18 5:07:56 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 63

We have people speaking different languages and following different religions. On the other hand, there are still many divisions in our society. Despite the secular beliefs in our constitution, there have been clashes between religious groups. The divide between the rich and poor has increased. Some parts of India and some people have benefitted more from the development in India. The lower castes are still treated badly in a few villages. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) India and Pakistan have had strained relations since 1947. There have also been three wars since Independence in the years 1965, 1971 and 1999. Find out about the causes of these wars. What would you try to do to improve relations between these two countries? Brainstorm some suggestions along with your partner and discuss them in class. Be Amazed ‘Mass migration’ refers to the migration of large groups of people from one geographical area to another. About 14 million people were displaced during the 1947 partition. In current terms, it is almost as if everyone in Bengaluru and Hyderabad had to leave their homes for another place! Connect the Dots English Fun Khushwant Singh - a famous Indian lawyer and writer was born and raised in Hadali (now in Pakistan). His book Train to Pakistan won the 'Grove Press India Fiction Prize' in the year 1956. It describes the painful story of the partition and shows how people suffered. 60 04-Jan-18 5:07:56 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 64

Maths Fun The Indus river, which originates in the Himalayas, flows through India and Pakistan. The total length of the river is 2,880 km, out of which 1,114 km flows through India. What is the length of the river in Pakistan?____________________________________________________ A Note to Parent It's a good idea to be present while your child is researching this time in history. This is because the documentation of this time is extensive and extremely graphic. This episode of Indian history needs to be discussed with a lot of sensitivity. New Words 1) ruins – a state of complete destruction 2) migration – the movement of a group of people from one place to another The Partition of India 61 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 65 04-Jan-18 5:07:56 PM

Leading up to India's Independence: Rowlatt Act Movement • 1928: Bhagat Singh and • passed by the British. • M K Gandhi launched Chandrasekhar Azad killed a British police They could arrest this non-violent officer. and jail anyone they movement. thought was a threat. • Indians refused to pay • 1929: Bhagat Singh and • called the Black Act by taxes to the British. his associate bombed Indians They boycotted British the British government • M K Gandhi goods and everyone office. launched the Rowlatt practised Swadeshi. Satyagraha. • M K Gandhi stopped • Chandrasekar Azad the whole movement ended his own life Jallianwala Bagh suddenly when a few before the British could massacre protestors killed 22 catch him. policemen. • The army General Revolutionaries • Bhagat Singh was Dyer banned all public hanged for his activities. meetings in Punjab. He was 23 years old. • On 13th April, in Amritsar, a peaceful public meeting was organised at Jallianwala Bagh. • General Dyer ordered soldiers to shoot the unarmed people. 379 people were killed, and 1137 were wounded. Non Cooperation 1928 – 1929 1919 1920 – 1922 62 04-Jan-18 5:07:56 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 66

A timeline of important events 1947 Civil Disobedience Movement • started by M K Gandhi to protest against many unfair British laws • Gandhi walked from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi. At Dandi, he broke the law against making one’s own salt. 1942 1939 India wins freedom • The Indian 1930 – 1934 Independence Act makes India independent. India and Pakistan are created. • India wins freedom at midnight. Start of World War II Quit India Movement • The British asked for India’s help in the • started by M K Gandhi to protest the war. sending of Indian soldiers to fight in • Gandhi and other INC leaders World War II • demanded that the British grant demanded freedom in return. India independence immediately • The British refused. The Partition of India 63 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 67 04-Jan-18 5:07:56 PM

Lesson Your Right, My Right: Human Rights 8 I Will Learn About 8.1 R some basic human rights. U reasons to protect human rights. A organisations and people working for human rights. h making a poster showing human rights. 8.2 R the rights of children. U reasons for protecting child rights. A organisations and people working for children's rights. h child rights violations. Concept 8.1: Human Rights and Human Rights Organisations I Think Mr and Mrs Barucha are Human Rights lawyers. They were discussing the problems of labourers at brick kilns in Odisha. Meher: What’s wrong with the brick kilns? Mr Barucha: The owners force these people’s families to work at the kilns for generations. Meher: How? Mrs Barucha: Imagine this: Chandni is a little girl of about six. Her father borrows money from the rich man in his village for her elder sister's wedding. To return the money he borrowed, the rich man asks Chandni’s father to work at his brick kiln. Meher: So what’s wrong with that? Mrs Barucha: Chandni’s father is illiterate. The owner of the kiln keeps telling him that he has not repaid all the money. He makes him work there till he is old. To repay the 64 04-Jan-18 5:07:57 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 68

money, Chandni and her next generation will work there too. None of them will get to go to school anymore. Mr Barucha: They are modern day slaves! This is against their basic human rights. Q. How do labourers in the brick kilns become slaves? (A) They choose to become slaves. (B) They get tricked by the owners of brick-kilns. (C) They look for jobs at the brick-kilns. (D) They send their children to work at the kilns. I Remember All human beings are born with equal rights and the freedom of choice. We all have the same rights, no matter which country, region, religion or race we belong to. gender income community or social group political beliefs Human country The rights which are rights the same for all people do not all over the world, are called human rights. depend on: religion language HUMAN RIGHTS The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a document written by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds. It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10th December 1948. 10th of December is celebrated as the International Human Rights Day. These human rights state that every person has the same human rights, regardless of his/her religion, race, caste or gender. There are 30 basic human rights, some of which are: Your Right, My Right: Human Rights 65 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 69 04-Jan-18 5:07:57 PM

• Each person is born free. Everyone has equal rights and dignity. • No one can be treated with cruelty. No one can be made a slave. • Everyone has the right to practise their religion freely. • Everyone has the right to work and to choose a suitable type of work. Each worker has the right to equal pay for equal work. • Everyone has the right to education. UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL (UNHRC) The United Nations is an international organisation. There are 193 member countries of the UN. In 2006, the United Nations Human Rights Council was established to protect human rights of people around the world. the logo of the United Nations NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (NHRC) The National Human Rights Commission is responsible for protecting the human rights of Indians. It was started in October, 1993. Each country or culture has its share of problems and human the Logo of the National rights violations. The NHRC in India does various kinds of activities. Human Rights Commission Some of these include: • Keeping a watch on various activities of the government and the people, and noting when human rights are violated. Example: the NHRC gets involved in court cases that include charges of human rights violation. • Reviewing laws from time to time to check if they protect and promote human rights. Example: the NHRC reviews laws relating to women, children and labourers. • Spreading awareness about human rights. They do this through publications, media or seminars. • Helping other institutions that work in the field of human rights. The NHRC works with institutions such as the Central Government, the State Governments or the courts. 66 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 70 04-Jan-18 5:07:57 PM

I Understand REASONS FOR PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS Many people's human rights were violated during World War II. Millions of people were killed, and countless others were treated very badly. World leaders decided that this should never happen again. The United Nations was established in 1945 to prevent wars and protect the rights of people all over the world. The UN has many organs. The UNHRC is one such organ that works especially for the protection of human rights. Not just during wars, but even in everyday life, people ill-treat other people for their benefits. In particular, the rights of smaller communities, the poor, the women, the disabled and the children need protection. Therefore, human rights need protection. Below are some examples of human rights violations that are common in India: • child labourers and child soldiers • dowry (money or gifts that the bride's family gives to the bridegroom's family) • child marriage • harassment at home or the workplace • ill-treatment of people with disabilities Train My Brain 1) Mention two human rights that you think are important. 2) When was the UN formed? I Apply Organisations and People working for Human Rights Several people and organisations – both governmental and non-governmental – work to help protect human rights. They also help people become aware of their rights. Vigil India Movement The Vigil India Movement was started in 1977. It is an organisation that works to create awareness among people about their human rights. Your Right, My Right: Human Rights 67 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 71 04-Jan-18 5:07:57 PM

Amnesty International The Amnesty International was founded in 1961. It is a global movement of more than 7 million people. It fights against injustice. It prevents violation of human rights by encouraging laws to be changed. Medha Patkar Medha Patkar has worked with many movements and organisations to make sure that all people have equal rights. She is the founder of the Narmada Bachao Andolan(Save the river Narmada) and other people's movements. Medha Patkar won several awards for her social work. Sunderlal Bahuguna Sunderlal Bahuguna is an environmentalist. He is one of the founders of the Chipko movement. The word ‘chipko’ means ‘to hug’. It works for the protection of the forests of Uttarakhand. He believes in Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2009. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Make a poster to show the human rights that you feel are the most important. Choose any three. Explain to your class why you chose these rights. Be Amazed According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the world’s ‘Most Translated Document’. It has been translated into more than 500 languages. 68 04-Jan-18 5:07:57 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 72

Concept 8.2: The Rights of Children I Think Meher: Does that mean that Chandni from the brick-kiln does not go to school at all? Mr Barucha: Yes. And for children, there is a separate set of rights. Mr Barucha: People like Kailash Satyarthi work to rescue many children like Chandni. He rescues child labourers. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 with Malala Yousafzai. Meher: : Child rights? Child labour? What do these words mean? QQ. When did Kailash Satyarthi win the Nobel Peace Prize? (A) 2000 (B) 2004 (C) 2014 (D) 2015 I Remember Did you know that there are separate rights for children? The United Nations defines a child as ‘any person who has not yet reached the age of eighteen years’. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was signed in 1989 to protect the rights of children. child rights Your Right, My Right: Human Rights 69 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 73 04-Jan-18 5:07:57 PM

THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN Some important rights of all children are: Children's rights are 1) The right to life. the human rights of 2) The right to a safe environment. children. 3) The right to play and rest. 4) The right to protection from any kind of exploitation. No one is allowed to punish children in a cruel or harmful way. Across the world, children's rights are violated through forcing children to work as child labourers and child soldiers. I Understand REASONS FOR PROTECTING CHILD RIGHTS There are many ways in which the rights of children are harmed. Some of them are: • In many countries, children do not get clean drinking water and food. This leads to poor nutrition and various diseases. • Many children die as a result of violence at home or in school. • Many children are made to work in dangerous conditions. They are forced to work for many hours without a break, including at night. This is called child labour. Example: children working in restaurants or bangle or fireworks factories 70 04-Jan-18 5:07:57 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 74

• Children are married before they reach an appropriate age. This is called child marriage. In India, a girl cannot be married until she is 18 and a boy until he is 21. • A child who is made to fight or work for an army is called a child soldier. Children as young as 9 years old are made to fight in wars. Train My Brain 1) When was the Convention on the Rights of the Child signed? 2) Share an example of child labour that you have seen around you. I Apply Organisations and People working for Children's Rights There are many organisations and people working to make sure that children remain safe and that their rights are protected. Childline India Childline India is an organisation that works to help children in trouble. They have set up a telephone helpline for children whose rights have been harmed. Children or concerned adults can call the telephone number – 1098 – and receive help. Kailash Satyarthi He started the Bachpan Bachao Andolan (Save Childhood Movement) in 1980. Kailash Satyarthi helps children who are made to work as child labourers. Malala Yousafzai She is known for her work to make sure that all children – whether they are boys or girls – are allowed to go to school. Both Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for their work for the right of all children to education. Your Right, My Right: Human Rights 71 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 75 04-Jan-18 5:07:57 PM

I Explore (H.O.T.S.) 1) Newspapers are a good means to know about the different kinds of child rights violations. Here are some examples: D iscuss with a partner which type of violation each newspaper article is about. 2) Look at the picture. Discuss what you see, and answer the following questions: a) Which child right does it deal with? b) Name one person and one organisation who can help these children. Be Amazed Kailash Satyarthi has protected the rights of more than 83,000 children in more than 144 countries. 72 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 76

Connect the Dots English Fun Read Malala, a Brave Girl from Pakistan and Iqbal, a Brave Boy from Pakistan, the stories of two young people fighting for the rights of children in Pakistan. See if you can buy or rent these books. Maths Fun Sometimes, information is shown as a number. Example: there are more than 2,00,000 child soldiers in the world. Choose a category of child rights. Find out three facts about this right in India and the world. Make an attractive and interesting information sheet using information shown through numbers, and share with your parents and friends. A Note to Parent Help your child learn more about child labour in India. Inform your child that the organisation 'Childline' has a phone number that children can call if their rights are violated. Make sure your child understands that reporting something to Childline is a serious matter. Use this link to watch a video about Childline: http://imax.pro/childline New Words 1) labourer – someone who does physical work 2) kiln – a special oven used to bake things made from clay 3) illiterate – not knowing how to read and write 4) income – money earned from work or business 5) social group – a group that a person belongs to Your Right, My Right: Human Rights 73 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 77 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM

6) universal – for everyone 7) legal – by the law 8) dignity – importance or value of a person 9) establish – to begin or create something 10) violation – something that breaks the law or harms the rights of someone 11) awareness – knowledge about something 12) organ – a part of an organisation which performs a specific function 13) child labourer – a child who does hard, physical work 14) harassment – behaviour that harms or upsets someone 15) Nobel Peace Prize – one of six prizes awarded by the Nobel foundation created by Alfred Nobel. It is awarded to those working towards bringing peace in the world. 16) labour – work 17) exploitation – using something or someone unfairly or badly 74 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 78

Lesson Our Government 9 I Will Learn About 9.1 R how we rule ourselves. U how democracy and elections work in India; levels of government. A sections of the central government. h comparison between different forms of government. Concept 9.1: India’s Democratic Government I Think Mr and Mrs Jain are taking Rashi out. Rashi wants to know where they are going. Rashi: Mother, where are we going? Mrs Jain: The elections are today. We are going to the polling station. Rashi: Which train are we catching from the polling station? Mrs Jain: We are not catching a train from the polling station. QQ. What do you think Rashi’s parents will do at the polling station? (A) pick up a relative (B) take part in the elections (C) see a railway museum (D) book a train ticket NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 79 75 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM

I Remember You have learned earlier that India was ruled by different kings and queens. Do you remember some of them? You have also learned that many European trading companies also came to India. Can you recall one of them? You have also studied that India fought against the British rule and became free on 15th August 1947. A democracy is a government run by After India became free, our leaders decided that people should the people. be allowed to elect their government. In other words, India’s leaders chose democracy. What is a ‘democracy’? In a democracy, the people are the most powerful group. They can choose their leaders. This is different from the rule of kings and queens where they have all the power. Let us now look at some of the features of a democracy. FEATURES OF A DEMOCRACY 76 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 80

I Understand We have read that one of the main features of democracy is that people get to choose their representatives. In India, we choose our representatives through elections. WHAT IS AN ELECTION? An election is a method of choosing a representative by voting. They are held after a fixed number of years. In India, they are held every five years. Process of Election • Political parties • People go to • The votes are share their ideas. polling stations counted. and vote. • They tell people • The candidate about the • They do not with the most candidates from need to tell votes wins. their parties. anyone who they voted for. • The political party Before the elections with the most On election day number of After the elections eleacwtchtparienoennrngsdioicnotindovgvpoavetroitenretnsegssmimnfgoeartcnhmhte.isne The political party that forms the government is called the ruling party. The leader of the ruling party becomes the head of the government. The head of the government chooses some winning candidates from his or her party to work in the government. These candidates are responsible for different departments. Example: one candidate manages the agriculture department, while another manages the education department. Elections for different levels of government Do you know that there are three levels of government in India? They are the local, state and central governments. We have elections to elect representatives at all three levels. Name of the election Levels of the government Local election Local government State election State government Central government National election Our Government 77 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 81 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM

The working of the Government The central, state and the local governments have separate responsibilities. However, the central, state and local governments work together for the welfare of the people. Example: the local government installs street lights. The state government distributes electricity to all the cities and villages. The central government, on the other hand, gives permission for electrical projects and decides the price to be charged. Let us learn more about these levels. Level 1: The local government The local government looks after the needs of people at the village, town or city level. It has two levels – urban and village local governments. Urban local government Village local government The urban local government looks after the The village local government is responsible needs of the people living in cities and towns. for the welfare of people living in villages. Level 2: The state government The state government takes care of many things such as agriculture, education and roads. The state government is made up of a State Assembly, Chief Minister, Governor and other ministers. Level 3: The central government The central government governs the entire country. It deals with the defence of India, relations with other countries, railways and shipping to name a few. Train My Brain 1) What do you mean by ‘opinions’? 2) After how many years do we have elections in India? I Apply You have understood the three different levels of the government. Now let us look at the structure of the central government. 78 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 82

THREE SECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT • the Parliament – has three parts and makes rules or laws for the entire country • the executive – implements the rules made by the Parliament • the courts – make sure that the laws are followed the Parliament by everyone. People who break these laws are punished. Let us learn more about the Parliament. The Parliament has three parts. They are the President of India, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha consists of members elected by the people during general elections. It is also called the House of the People. The Prime Minister is an important member of the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha consists of members indirectly elected by different states and union territories. It is also called the Council of States. The Vice-President of India is an important member of the Rajya Sabha. The President is the head of the country. He or she is elected by the members of the Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies. inside the Lok Sabha inside the Rajya Sabha I Explore (H.O.T.S.) 1) Discuss with your classmates about how things would be if you lived under the rule of a king instead of in a democracy. Hint: You can discuss the absence of elections, limited freedom to express one’s thoughts and no or a limited number of courts. Our Government 79 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 83 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM

Be Amazed India is the largest democracy in the world. Among all the democracies in the world, India has the highest population. Connect the Dots English Fun The word ‘democracy’ comes from the Greek words ‘demos’ meaning ‘people’ and ‘kratia’ meaning ‘rule’ or ‘power’. Studying the origin of words is called ‘etymology’. Maths Fun The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members. The Lok Sabha, on the other hand, can have a maximum of 552 members. What is the difference between the number of members of the two houses?______________________________________________ 80 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 84

A Note to Parent It will be a good learning experience for your child if he or she gets to see the different government offices in your area such as the post office, Municipal Corporation office or election office. You can share with them what the purpose and function of each office is. New Words 1) election – a process through which people can choose the people to act or speak for them 2) polling station 3) vote – a place where people can go to vote in the elections 4) opinion – share one’s choice 5) representative – thoughts about a particular topic or person – someone who has been chosen to act or speak for a 6) political party person or a group of people 7) candidate – a group of people who have similar aims, ideas and 8) govern thoughts and who want to be a part of the government – someone who wants to be chosen or elected – to make laws and find ways for people to follow them Our Government 81 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 85 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM

Lesson Industries of India 10 I Will Learn About 10.1 R the birth of industries. U the classification of industries. A prominent industries in India. h advantages and disadvantages of industries. Concept 10.1: Need and Classification of Industries I Think Rashi is excited about asking a riddle to Morad. Rashi: Morad, I have a riddle for you. What do Chanda Kochhar, Arundhati Bhattacharya and Shikha Sharma have in common? Morad: I don’t know, Rashi. Rashi: They are all leaders of India’s banking industry. I too want to work in the banking industry when I grow up. Meher: I would like to work in a factory that makes cars. I love cars. Rashi: Meher, then you will not be working in an industry. Arundhati Bhattacharya Chanda Kochhar Shikha Sharma 82 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 86

Q. Do you think car-manufacturing is also an industry? (A) yes (B) no I Remember You have learnt earlier that people have different occupations. Some people do something, while others make something. However, most people work in an industry. Example: A person might work in an iron and steel industry. WHAT IS AN INDUSTRY? Industry refers to a group of factories, companies or businesses that produce the same kind of goods or services. Example: several steel-producing companies form the steel industry. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES Industries are of two types: 1) Manufacturing industries 2) Service industries Examples of manufacturing industry: • iron and steel industry • car-manufacturing industry • electronic goods industry Manufacturing industries convert raw material into finished goods. Examples of service industry: Service industries provide • hotels • laundry services to their customers. They may provide goods, but they are • banks • car-repair not involved in manufacturing. • tourism THE BIRTH OF INDUSTRIES At the start of the 17th century, people developed more knowledge of science. They used this knowledge to invent new machines and tools. When people started using these tools and machines to make goods, they realised that they could manufacture goods much faster. Also, the goods could be produced in large quantities. Hence, these goods were cheaper than the goods produced by hand. Slowly, people stopped producing goods by hand and instead started using machines. Since the machines were big, they needed to be stored in special places called factories. Factories gave rise to industries. Industries of India 83 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 87 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM

making cloth by hand making cloth in a factory using machines Industries provide jobs to Need for industries Industries pay taxes to people. Countries can trade with each the government. The other by exchanging goods government can use produced by industries. this money to care for its people. I Understand You read that there are manufacturing and service industries. These industries are of different sizes. Example: iron and steel is a big industry, whereas car-repair is a small industry. DIVISION OF INDUSTRIES Based on size, industries are divided into large-scale, small-scale and cottage industries. Industry Examples Large-scale industry • iron and steel industry • ship-building industry Small-scale industry • aircraft industry • cement industry • banks • furniture manufacturers • utensils manufacturers • plastic goods manufacturers • electrical goods manufacturers • food processing units • car-repair 84 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 88

Cottage industries • toy making units • weaving factories FEATURES OF INDUSTRIES • pottery-making units Features of large-scale industries • handicraft makers Operate from very Huge sums of money Make use of large and Employ thousands of large factories are required to run complex machines people the factories and tools a large scale industry Features of small-scale industries Operate from Require small Make use of small Employ hundreds of medium-sized amounts of money and less powerful people factories to operate machines Industries of India 85 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 89 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM

Features of cottage industries Operate from Require very little Make use of simple Employ very few bungalows and money to operate tools people homes Train My Brain 1) Give an example of a service industry. 2) Give an example of a cottage industry. I Apply PROMINENT INDIAN INDUSTRIES India has a very large population. This large population has led to high demand for goods and services. To satisfy the growing needs of such a large population, many large-scale, small-scale and cottage industries have been established in India. Based on the goods they produce, these industries can be classified into: •  iron and steel • heavy engineering industries • textile • automobile •  ship-building 86 04-Jan-18 5:07:58 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 90

PUNJAB HARYANA RAJASTHAN UTTAR PRADESH GUJARAT JHARKHAND MAHARASHTRA CHHATTISGARH ODISHA WEST BENGAL GOA ANDHRA LEGEND karnataka PRADESH Iron and steel KERALA TAMIL Heavy engineering NADU Textile Automobile Ship-building Industries of India 87 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 91 04-Jan-18 5:07:59 PM

I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Industries have many advantages and disadvantages. Let us learn about them. Advantages Disadvantages • provide jobs to many people • pollute water and air • produce large number of goods • make available a variety of goods • lead to crowding in cities as many industries are located in cities. So, people leave their villages and migrate to cities Be Amazed The Giga factory, located in the USA, is the world’s largest factory. This factory produces batteries for cars. It is so big that almost 100 football fields will fit inside the factory. Connect the Dots Science Fun The period when the use of machines to produce goods became prominent is called the ‘Industrial Age.’ Many machines invented during this period include the aeroplane, telephone, sewing machine and so on. We still continue to use these inventions. English Fun Look at the pictures given below. These are tools that are used in small-scale and cottage industries. Write the names of these tools. _______________ _________________ _______________ 88 04-Jan-18 5:07:59 PM NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 92

A Note to Parent Try taking your child to a nearby factory for a brief excursion. Point out the fascinating processes by which so many things that we use in our daily lives are made in factories and industries. New Words 1) electronic goods – things that run on electricity, for example TV, radio, washing machine and so on 2) tourism – an industry that provides services related to travel such 3) manufacture as means of transport, hotels and restaurants 3) employ 4) heavy engineering – to make something in large amounts using machines 5) textile – to give jobs to people 6) automobile – industry that manufactures goods like tractors, pumps, telephones, cranes and other machines – material used for making cloth – a vehicle with four wheels Industries of India 89 NR_BGM_Passport_G5_TB_Social Studies_Part1_Text.pdf 93 04-Jan-18 5:07:59 PM

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