9789388751452-ALPINE-G03-EVS-II (SOCIAL _STUDIES)-TEXTBOOK-PART2

by classklapTM ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES – II (SOCIAL STUDIES) TEXTBOOK – PART 2 ALPINE SERIES Enhanced Edition 3 Name: ___________________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: _________ School: __________________________________ALP_SST_G3_TB_TOC.indd 1 12-12-2018 13:07:25

PrefaceIMAX Program partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials andprocesses that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system todrive learning. IMAX Program presents the latest version of this series – updated andrevised after considering the perceptive feedback and comments shared by ourexperienced reviewers and users.The Alpine series endeavours to be faithful to the spirit of the prescribed boardcurriculum. Furthermore, to facilitate comprehensive coverage, improvedunderstanding of diverse themes and ease of implementation, the EVS curriculum hasbeen split into EVS – I (Science) and EVS – II (Social Studies). Our books are split intotwo parts to manage the bag weight. They also strive to ensure inclusiveness in termsof gender and diversity in representation, catering to the heterogeneousIndian classroom.Our books also contain age-appropriate and easily relatable content that ensuresthat students can perceive social realities while imbibing the values of the IndianConstitution and human rights. There is also use of graphics, illustrations and picturesto help students to engage with concepts and ideas better. These objectives areintegrated in the EVS – II (Social Studies) textbooks and workbooks to provide a holisticlearning experience to students. The key features of the EVS – II (Social Studies) booksare as follows.  Arrangement of concepts based on the RUAH model based on Bloom’s Taxonomy  Character and dialogue-based introductions to concepts to make EVS – II (Social Studies) concepts more relatable to students  V isually engaging formats for the organisation and presentation of information  In-text activities to assist memorisation and understanding  S ubject-related vocabulary building in every lesson  U se of timelines and historical maps to help students to develop timeline, map and globe skills  U se of maps and scenario-based questions in the workbooks  Integration of values and life skills  P romotes awareness and personal responsibility through dialogue and enquiry about the world around usOverall, this series aims to enhance social, cultural and analytical skills for the intuitiveand harmonious growth of an individual in an interconnected and independentglobal community. – The AuthorsALP_SST_G3_TB_TOC.indd 2 14-12-2018 10:55:02

Textbook Features Let Us Learn About ThinkContains the list of concepts to be Introduces the concept/subtopic andcovered in the lesson along with the arouses curiosity among studentslearning objectives Understanding RememberingExplains the aspects in detail that form Introduces new concepts to build on thethe basis of the concept prerequisite knowledge/skills toIncludes elements to ensure that understand and achieve the objective ofstudents are engaged throughout the topic ApplicationConnects the concept to real-lifesituations by giving an opportunity toapply what students have learnt Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Encourages students to extend the concept learnt to advanced application scenarios Amazing Facts Fascinating facts and trivia for students to establish a better real-life connect with the conceptALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 3 07-12-2018 16:33:28

Contents 3Class6 Languages, Food and Clothing����������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 Communities and Festivals������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 98 Our Occupations�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 159 What Is History?����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 4 07-12-2018 16:33:29

Lesson Languages, Food and 6 Clothing Let Us Learn About R culture, languages, clothing and food habits of different people of India. U diversity and how natural regions and climate affect culture. A ‘unity in diversity’ in India. h how the cultures of different states are similar and different.ThinkThe Jain family is having lunch with the Irani family.Meher: Rashi, would you like to taste this patrani machchi? It is a famousParsi fish dish.Rashi: I am sure it is very tasty. But, I am vegetarian!The whole Jain family is vegetarian.Meher: Wow! That is interesting. We know very fewvegetarian families. Most of our Parsi family andfriends love patrani machchi and mutton dhansak.Rashi: Have you noticed that we speak different Patrani machchilanguages at home as well? You speak Gujarati, andI speak Marwari. Yet, we live in one country.Meher: We are so different and similar at the same time!ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 1 1 07-12-2018 16:33:31

QQ. What can be said about the Irani and Jain families? (A) Both families are vegetarian. (B) Both families enjoy non-vegetarian food. (C) Both families speak similar languages. (D) The Iranis and the Jains speak different languages.RememberingIndia is one country with many different cultures. The language, food, clothing andother habits of a group of people is called their culture. People living in different partsof India speak different languages, eat many types of food and wear special clothes.Let us learn more about these different ways of living.LANGUAGESMany languages are spoken all over the country. Hindi and English are the officiallanguages of the central government. Official languages are used by governmentsfor their work. States choose their own official languages. The 22 official languagesused in India are as follows.• Assamese • Bengali • Bodo • Dogri• Gujarati • Hindi • Kannada • Kashmiri• Konkani • Maithili • Malayalam • Manipuri• Marathi • Nepali • Oriya • Punjabi• Sanskrit • Santhali • Sindhi • Tamil• Telugu • UrduOther than these, there are about 1600 languages in India. Example: Bhojpuri, Tulu,Lepcha, Marwari and many more. Do you speak a language that is not on this list?What is it? 2 07-12-2018 16:33:32ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 2

In India, people often speak more than one language. People who can speak twolanguages are called bilingual. People who can speak three or more languages arecalled multilingual. Most Indians are bilingual, and many are multilingual. Look at themap. It shows languages used by the majority of people in different regions in India. Languages, Food and Clothing 3ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 3 07-12-2018 16:33:32

DIFFERENT STYLES OF LIVINGIndians have different kinds of food and clothing. Read about these people fromdifferent parts of India. Find out which state they live in 1, their language 2, theirclothes 3and their traditional food 4. Find them and their families on the map givenon the previous page. Assalam alaykum! I am Afshan. Khamma ghani, I am Murali.1 Jammu and Kashmir 1 Rajasthan2 Kashmiri and Urdu 2 Hindi and Rajasthani3 pheran 3 b right turban, cotton4 kulcha and rogan josh angarakha and dhoti 4 dal baati Salemu! I am Akavi. Namaskar, I am Savita.1 Nagaland 1 Maharashtra2 Ao and English 2 Marathi3 woollen shawl 3 parkar polka4 meat, fish, rice and 4 b hakari (like a roti) and vegetables with tathu bharit (made from brinjal) (tathu is a chutney) 4 07-12-2018 18:12:59ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 4

Hello! I am Julie. Namaskara, I am Lakshmi.1 Goa 1 Karnataka2 English, Konkani and 2 Kannada 3 sari Portuguese 4 bisi bele bhath – rice3 cotton frock cooked with spices4 vindaloo – meat in a curry and dals Vanakkam! I am Karthik. Write about yourself below.1 Tamil Nadu 1 ______________________2 Tamil and English3 mundu 2 ______________________ Paste a4 idli 3 ______________________ picture of 4 ______________________ yourself in traditional ______________________ clothes ______________________ here. UnderstandingThe different languages, types of food and clothing make India diverse. Diversitymeans a ‘variety or range of different things’.REASONS FOR DIVERSITYIndia has cold mountains in the north and warm plains and plateaus in the south. Wehave dry heat in the west and humidity in the east. The climate and natural regionsaffect the culture of each region.Climate and physical features also affect the crops grown. The staple diet or mainfood depends on what is easily available. These factors also affect the clothing ofdifferent regions. The map on the next page tells us more about the diversity in India. Languages, Food and Clothing 5ALP_SST_G3_TB_L06.indd 5 14-12-2018 21:38:49

DIVERSITY IN INDIA Climate: It is cold in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and so on. Clothing: People use warm, woollen clothing. Kashmiri pashmina shawls and shawls from Nagaland and Manipur are famous. Food: Seasonal fruits and vegetables are used to make food. Meat is popular too.Climate: In the desert of Rajasthan and Gujarat,it is either very hot or very cold. There are veryfew trees, plants and flowers.Clothing: Clothes are made from light cottoncloth. They are bright and colourful. Mirrors areused to decorate clothes. Woollen shawls areused to keep warm during winters.Food: Bajra and meat are popular in the desert. Climate: In the plains, highlands and plateaus, the climate is good for agriculture. Many grains are grown. Clothing: People wear cotton dhotis, kurtas and saris in the warm season and warm clothes in the colder season. Food: Grains, seasonal fruits and vegetables are used.Climate: It is hot and humid in the coastalregions of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala,Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha andWest Bengal.Clothing: People wear cotton mundus, dhotisand saris. These loose cotton clothes do notstick to the body.Food: Fish is an important part of the staplediet. Rice grows as well. Hence people makemany dishes from rice. 6 07-12-2018 16:33:50ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 6

ApplicationWhich languages are hidden in these jumbled letters?• UNPBIAJ – _____________________ • UUDR – _____________________• DIHNI – _____________________ • DOOB – _____________________Read about the following people in the table on pages 4 and 5. Find out about thelanguages they speak 2 Tick those who are bilingual. Circle those who aremultilingual.Savita Karthik Lakshmi Julie Akavi Murali AfshanHow many languages do you speak? Are you bilingual? Are you multilingual?Indians are diverse. At the same time, we are united as people of India. We singthe same national anthem and celebrate the same national festivals such asIndependence Day and Republic Day. All Indians are also united by the sameconstitution. The Constitution of India contains the laws followed in India. It states thatall Indians are equal in front of the law. Thus in India there is unity in diversity. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.)1)  Choose any two states along with a partner. Find out the following. • the official languages in their states • one traditional food item from each state Find a picture of the traditional clothes worn in those states. Make a chart and compare them. Languages, Food and Clothing 7ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 7 07-12-2018 16:33:52

Amazing FactsThere are more than 100 ways to wear a sari. Here are four popular ways.New Words1) unity – being together; feeling like a part of one group2) vegetarian – of the people who do not eat meat3) majority – most of a certain group4) humidity – the amount of water (vapour) in the air5) climate – the usual weather conditions of a place 8 07-12-2018 16:33:54ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 8

Lesson Communities and Festivals 7 Let Us Learn About R different communities of India. U the reasons for celebrating festivals. A how communities are created. h my classroom community.ThinkRashi: Meher, I am sorry I fought with you three months ago. An agiary A derasarMeher: Oh! You said sorry that same day. Why are yousaying sorry again today?Rashi: Today is ‘Paryushana Parva’. On this day, we Jainssay sorry for the wrong things we did. We do this every year.It usually falls in August or September. Do Parsis do specialthings like this?Meher: Of course, we do! We celebrate Parsi New Year orNowruz. Mom has the whole house cleaned. On this day,we go to the agiary to pray.Rashi: A Jain temple is called a derasar. So, an agiary is aParsi temple, correct?Meher: Yes, you are right. Also, Rashi, I forgive you for that fight.Rashi: Oh thank you, Meher!ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 9 9 07-12-2018 16:33:56

QQ. What are Meher and Rashi talking about? (A) their hobbies (B) their family celebrations (C) their classmates (D) their experiences at school RememberingIndia has many different communities. A community is a group of people who share acommon culture. They have different languages, food and clothing habits. They alsohave various forms of art which include music, dance, drama, drawing, paintingand writing.COMMUNITIES IN INDIACommunities are formed in many ways. People from a place form the community ofthat place. People from Mumbai form Mumbai’s community. Communities from thesame place may share the same language. People who speak Assamese form theAssamese community.A religious community has people whofollow the same religion. Some major religionspractised across India are the following.• Hinduism • Islam• Buddhism • Jainism• Christianity • Sikhism• ZoroastrianismFESTIVALS Followers of the major religions of IndiaPeople of the same religion usually celebrate the same festivals. A festival is acelebration of an event. We can learn about a community’s culture and traditionsthrough its festivals. 10 07-12-2018 16:33:57ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 10

UnderstandingDifferent communities celebrate different festivals throughout the year. Many festivalsare celebrated with new clothes, special food and traditional dances. Festivals can bebroadly divided into national, harvest and religious festivals.NATIONAL FESTIVALSThree days are very important in all parts of India: RepublicDay, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti. These are knownas national festivals. Republic Day is celebrated on 26 January. Republic DayIndependence Day is celebrated on 15 August. celebrationsGandhi Jayanti is celebrated on 2 October. They remind us of the people who madeIndia a free country.HARVEST AND RELIGIOUS FESTIVALSMany festivals celebrate the harvest season. Crops are gathered from the fields at thetime of harvest. Farmers celebrate these festivals to thank nature for the crops. Somecommon harvest festivals are mentioned below. Harvest festival Community which celebratesBaisakhi Punjabi peopleMagh Bihu Assamese peopleOnam Malayali peoplePongal Tamil peopleThe New Year’s days for different communities are also important festivals. Name of the festival Community which celebratesGudi Padwa Marathi and Kannada peoplePoila Baisakh Bengali peopleUgadi Kannada, Andhra and Telugu peopleNowruz People of the Parsi communitySome festivals celebrate the end of a long religious period. Muslims fast during themonth of Ramadan. Eid-ul-fitr celebrates the end of Ramadan. Some Christians fastduring the period of Lent. After Lent ends, Easter is celebrated. Communities and Festivals 11ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 11 07-12-2018 18:14:08

Can you guess which festivals are shown in the given pictures? Fill in the blanks. __e__ub__i__ D__ __ B__i__a__h__ G__d__ Pa__w__Events in the lives of gods and goddesses are also celebrated. For Hindus, Bonalu,Diwali and Ganesh Chaturthi celebrate visits of gods and goddesses to the Earth.Durga Puja and Dussehra are celebrated to mark good winning over evil. Christmas isan important celebration for Christians. It marks the birthday of Jesus Christ.OTHER SPECIAL DAYSSome special days are also celebrated all over India to remember the birthdays ofimportant people. Date Special day Why is it celebrated?14 April Ambedkar Jayanti Dr B R Ambedkar was a freedom fighter who helped to make laws for India.5 September Teacher’s Day S Radhakrishnan was the President of India. He dreamed of excellent teachers in India.14 November Children’s Day J Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He believed children were very important for India.There are many other festivals celebrated in India. Do you know of any other festivalsof India?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 07-12-2018 16:34:05ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 12

ApplicationYou can belong to many communities at the same time. Example: You can be aBengali Christian, a Bihari Muslim or a Tamil Buddhist.Many people move from one state to another. Your parents or grandparents mighthave been from a different state. You may feel like you belong to your old state aswell as your new state.People who share the same interests form communities. They celebrate their ownfestivals. People who love reading can form one community. People who love footballcan form another community. A person can thus belong to more than one community.Nowadays, people with similar interests create communities even on the internet.They share their ideas and stories. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.)Discuss the following with a partner. Make a booklet with their information andphotographs. Use the following points. An example has been provided for you.• language or languages they speak• their family’s religion• state or region their ancestors belonged to• two hobbies• their favourite actor or actressWere there any similarities or differences between you and your classmate? Communities and Festivals 13ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 13 07-12-2018 16:34:06

Amazing Facts In a place called Lopburi in Thailand, there is a festival for monkeys. People leave fruit and treats on the road for monkeys to eat. Thousands of monkeys come to Lopburi to eat these fruit. People believe these monkeys bring good luck.New Words1) religion – belief in a particular system of faith and worship2) fast – to not eat for a certain period of time3) ancestor – someone related to us who lived a long time ago 14 07-12-2018 16:34:08ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 14

Lesson Our Occupations 8 Let Us Learn About R  the meaning of occupation. U different kinds of occupations. A how occupations are changing. h occupations that are not common anymore.ThinkRashi was not well. Her mother took her to the doctor.The doctor asked her to take medicines and eat greenleafy vegetables. Now, they are on their way to buymedicines and vegetables.Rashi: Ma! Will I get better after I have the medicines?Mrs Jain: Yes, Rashi. You will be fine. A doctor checkingRashi: But I do not like medicines. They taste bitter. a childMrs Jain: You have to eat them, dear. Now let us hurry up. We need to go tothe greengrocer. The doctor said you need to eat green leafy vegetables tobecome strong.QQ. Who sells green leafy vegetables that the doctor asks us to take? (A) teacher (B) chemist (C) police (D) greengrocerALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 15 15 07-12-2018 16:34:10

RememberingGreengrocers, doctors, chemists are occupations that people have. ‘Occupation’means the job or work people do to earn money. They spend that money to buythings and pay bills.People choose occupations according to the following.• their interests• what they learn• their skillsExample: Some people are interested in sports and fitness. They may becomesportspersons or join the police or army.When people work, they either do some action or make something.Example: A teacher teaches. A potter makes pots. Here are some occupations thatinvolve people doing some actions.Doctor Sweeper Teacher Policewoman Greengrocer Driver 16 07-12-2018 16:34:18ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 16

Here are some occupations that involve people making things.Farmer Factory worker ChefPotter Carpenter Construction workerUnderstandingLet us find out the differences between the ‘people who do’ and the ‘peoplewho make’. People who do People who makeTheir actions are the main part of their They help us by creating or makingoccupation. things.Example: Sweepers sweep the streets to Example: Farmers grow crops we eat.keep them clean.We can only see the actions they do. We can see, touch and feel the things they make.We can see the work they do every day. They may take days, weeks or evenExample: We can see a teacher months to make things.teaching every day. Example: A farmer takes many months to grow onions.Example: teachers, doctors, sweepers, Example: farmers, potters, factorypolice, nurses workers, chefs, carpenters Our Occupations 17ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 17 07-12-2018 16:34:28

SOME OTHER OCCUPATIONSAll occupations are equally important. We should respect all the people who door make different things. Postal workers, nurses, painters, electricians, carpenters,mechanics and plumbers are a few other occupations. Let us look at a fewmore occupations.Policeman and policewomanMonitors in your classroom make sure that everybody follows the rules. The police arethe monitors of our country.A police station is a place where several policemen and policewomen work.The police do the following.• They keep our neighbourhoods safe.• They make sure that people follow rules.• They catch people who try to harm others.When someone does something wrong, we can complain to the police. To do this,we must go to a police station. The police help us record what happened. They writedown the complaint.SweepersSweepers keep our streets clean. They mostly work Food we get from animalsduring early mornings. This is when there is less trafficon the road. Sweepers work every day. They workin all kinds of weather. They work very hard. Wecan respect them by throwing waste in dustbinswherever we are.FarmersFarmers grow different crops. Many farmers also rearcows, hens and goats. These animals give us manyuseful products.Factory workersFactory workers work in factories. They make different A factory workerthings such as cars, utensils, shoes, television sets andso on. They learn how to use different types of toolsand machines. 18 07-12-2018 16:34:30ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 18

ApplicationCHANGES IN OCCUPATIONS OVER TIMENew inventions: When new machines are invented, peoplewho can run these machines are required. This means thatnew occupations are created.Example: After the camera was invented, people started A photographerworking as camerapersons and photographers.Machines replacing jobs: Sometimes, machines can dothings faster than humans and without mistakes. So,sometimes, a machine does the work instead of people.This means people have to leave that occupation. Example: In many factories, cars are Robots making cars in a put together by robots. So, the car-manufacturing factory people who put together cars had to change their jobs.A babysitter Changes in society: Sometimes, people change the way they live. Such changes result in new occupations. Example: Earlier, women used to remain at home and look after children. Now, women have started working. Therefore, many people have started working as babysitters. Easier way of doing things: Sometimes, the occupation remains the same. However, it is done differently.A note-counting Example: Earlier, cashiers working in banks used to count notes machine themselves. Now, banks have note-counting machines which cashiers use.Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.)1) These days, some occupations are rarely practised. One such occupation is that of a ‘water seller’ or ‘bhisti’. With the help of adults, find out about occupations that are no longer as common. Our Occupations 19ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 19 07-12-2018 16:34:32

Amazing FactsBefore the invention of machines, ice cream was made byhand. Cream, sugar and fruit syrup were hand-mixed in a bowl.This mixture was placed in a large wooden tub with ice and saltfor a few hours to make ice cream.New Words1) greengrocer – someone who sells fresh fruit and vegetables2) chemist – someone who sells medicines3) skill – an ability to do something well4) crop – a plant grown on a farm for food5) rear – raise and take care6) factory – a place where things are made using machines7) invent – make a thing that has never been created or built8) c ashier – a person whose job is to take in or give out money in a bank 20 07-12-2018 16:34:32ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 20

Lesson What Is History? 9 Let Us Learn About R ‘past’, ‘history’, ‘timeline’ and ‘sources of history’. U the importance of learning history. A people who study history and how they use the sources of history. h making a timeline of events.ThinkMrs Irani is wearing a sari, and she is proudly showing it to Meher and Rashi.Mrs Irani: This sari belonged to my grandmother. It is more than one hundredyears old! It is a part of our family history.Rashi: What is family history, Mrs Irani?Mrs Irani: Well, it is the story of your family. I know An old family photostories about what my grandparents did whenthey were young. My grandfather also told mestories about his father and mother. I learnedabout my family’s past through these stories.Rashi: I want to know about my family history, too!QQ. What is family history? (A) a poem to learn (B) the story of a family (C) a bedtime story (D) the story of a placeALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 21 21 07-12-2018 16:34:34

RememberingThe word past refers to the time that has gone by. It is the time before ‘now’. The word‘history’ comes from the Greek word ‘historia’. It means ‘a story’ or ‘an account ofanything that has happened’. Thus a study of past events is called history. It also refersto the past and all things that have happened at that time.How can we remember all the events that happened in the past?TIMELINEWe use the correct order of events to remember and understand the past. A timelineis a drawing that shows the order of events that took place in the past. Look at theexample. An example of a timelineOn a timeline, the first event is on the left-hand side. The latest event is on theright-hand side. A timeline can only show the order of events that have happened inthe past. It helps us to remember when events happened in the past. But how do welearn about history? To learn about history in detail, we need to know more about thesources of history.SOURCES OF HISTORYWe need objects, materials, buildings and written stories to study the past. These arecalled sources of history. Stories that tell us about the past are also sources of history.They may or may not be written. The three types of sources of history are as follows.Oral sources: stories, songs and poems that people rememberWritten sources: letters, books, plays and travel stories written in the pastArchaeological sources: famous buildings, tools, clothes, jewellery and othersuch materials22ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 22 07-12-2018 16:34:34

We use different sources of history to learn different things about the past.Sources of history What can we learn from them?Oral sources languages spoken, everyday activities and festivalsWritten sources laws, famous people and placesArchaeological sources commonly used objects, materials used to make things UnderstandingTHE NEED TO STUDY HISTORYDifferent people study history for different reasons. A doctor studies history tounderstand the different diseases and treatments of the past. A journalist studieshistory to understand the present events better. An architect learns about ways ofconstructing buildings and the materials used in the past. The study of materials helpsthem understand which materials are strong and which are weak. This helps themmake new buildings better.Some reasons to study history are as follows.• to understand the stories of people in different situations• to know why events happened in the past• to help us understand the changes in the world• to help us become better citizensWAYS OF LEARNING ABOUT FAMILY HISTORYEvery person also has a past or family history. How can we know about the familyhistory of our older family members? We can learn about our family history in manyways. Some of them are the following.• We can look at oral sources such as the stories that our family members remember about themselves and others.• F or written sources, we can read letters, diaries and journals of various family members.• W e can also look at old photographs, clothes, jewellery, videos and other belongings. What Is History? 23ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 23 07-12-2018 16:34:35

ApplicationARCHAEOLOGISTS AND HISTORIANSArchaeologists and historians work together to learn about the past. They find out aboutdifferent people and groups. An archaeologist studies buildings, paintings, clothes andother objects used by the people in the past. A historian studies the meaning of the textin books and other documents written in the past. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.)1)  Make a timeline of your life with photographs and drawings on a chart paper. You can use the following information. 24 07-12-2018 16:34:35ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 24

• the day you were born • your first day of school• the first annual day performance • a recent family holidayRemember to take the help of your family to get the information.2)  F ind one written source and one oral source for your family’s history. Write down what they are.Written source: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Oral source: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Amazing FactsHuman beings used to live in caves. A cave is a large hole-likespace that is commonly formed on the side of a mountain or ahill. Human beings painted pictures on the walls of the caves thatthey lived in. The oldest cave painting is thousands of years old.New Words1) event – something important that has happened, is happening or will happen2) archaeological – relating to the study of objects and places found by excavating sites where people in the past lived3) disease – something that makes a living being ill or unwell4) journalist – someone who writes news for a newspaper or magazine5) architect – someone who designs a building6) excavate – carefully dig in the ground to find objects from the past What Is History? 25ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 25 07-12-2018 16:34:36

ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 26 07-12-2018 16:34:43

ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 27 07-12-2018 16:34:43

ALP_SST_G3_TB_Book_Part 2_V02.indb 28 07-12-2018 16:34:44