2110011-Passport-G2-FoundationMax-Maths-FY

Example 1: Add: 27 + 55 Solution: Follow these steps to add two 2-digit numbers with regrouping. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Add the ones, 7 + 5 = 12. T O T O We can write only ones digit of the sum in the 2 7 ones place. + 5 5 4 4 So, we regroup 12 as 10 + 2. 2 + 3 8 Write 2 in the ones place. Step 2: Add the tens, 2 + 5 = 7. Add the carry (1) from the ones place to this sum. T O T O 1 7 + 1 = 8. 2 7 3 6 Write this sum in the tens place. + 5 5 + 5 8 8 2 So, 27 + 55 = 82. Add 3-digit numbers without regrouping Let us understand how to add 3-digit numbers through some examples. While adding two numbers, Example 2: Add 343 and 125. always begin Solution: Add the given numbers by following the from the ones steps given: place. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Arrange the numbers according to their place values. H T O H T O Always begin adding the 3 4 3 1 4 4 numbers from the ones place. + 1 2 5 + 3 3 4 Addition 45 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 45 23/01/2017 4:15:37 PM

Steps Solved Solve these Step 2: Add the digits in the H T O H T O ones place and write the sum in 3 4 3 6 3 4 the ones place. That is, 3 + 5 = + 1 2 5 + 1 5 2 8. 8 Step 3: Add the digits in the tens H T O H T O place and write the sum in the 3 4 3 1 0 8 tens place. + 1 2 5 + 2 0 1 That is, 4 + 2 = 6. 6 8 Step 4: Add the digits in the hundreds place. H T O H T O Write the sum in the hundreds 3 4 3 1 2 2 place. That is, 3 + 1 = 4. + 1 2 5 + 4 0 1 So, 343 + 125 = 468. 4 6 8 Properties of addition Addition of numbers show some properties. Let us learn a few properties of addition: 1) Zero property: When we add 0 to a number, the sum is the same as the number itself. For example, 89 + 0 = 89; 12 + 0 = 12 2) After numbers property: When we add 1 to a number, we get the number just after it. For example, 35 + 1 = 36 3) Order property: Adding numbers in any order gives the same sum. For example, 3 + 4 = 7 and 4 + 3 = 7 Train My Brain Solve the following: a) 12 + 39 b) Add 313 and 501 c) Add 217 and 100 46 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 46 23/01/2017 4:15:38 PM

4.1 I Apply We apply the concept of addition in solving some real-life situations. Let us see a few examples. Example 3: There are 24 balls in a box and 18 balls in another box. How many balls are there in all? Solution: Number of balls in the first box = 24 T O 1 Number of balls in the second box =18 2 4 Total number of balls = 24 + 18 = 42 + 1 8 4 2 So, there are 42 balls in all. Example 4: Mohan has 142 pencils and Sohan has 126 pencils. How many pencils do they have altogether? Solution: Number of pencils with Mohan =142 H T O 1 4 2 Number of pencils with Sohan = 126 + 1 2 6 Total number of pencils = 142 + 126 = 268 2 6 8 So, Mohan and Sohan together have 268 pencils. 4.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Framing story sums for some given numbers would be interesting. Example 5: Given 32 + 22 = 54, frame a story sum. Solution: Two numbers and their sum are given. We can use some situation to frame the story sum. Step 1: Think of a situation. Here, let us take the number of different fruits such as oranges and apples in a basket. Step 2: Write the story in your words. Addition 47 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 47 23/01/2017 4:15:38 PM

There were 32 oranges and 22 apples in a fruit basket. How many fruits were there in all? Maths Munchies 1 Trick to add 3-digit numbers quickly: 355 + 152 2 3 Step 1: 355 + 152 can be written as 350 + 5 + 150 + 2 In this step 355 is split into 350 and 5 and 152 into 150 and 2 Step 2: 350 + 150 = 500 5 + 2 = 7 500 + 7 = 507 So, 355 + 152 = 507. Connect the Dots English Fun Let us read a funny poem about Addition. I got a new dog, Addition’s his name, He lives in the kitchen, eating’s his game! He weighed in at 4 pounds, but added 4 more, 8 pounds was the sum, he couldn’t squeeze out the door... 8 pounds? Not big! So he added 8 more, The sum was 16, he was growing galore! 16’s enough! I yelled, “Don’t get bigger! 16 more pounds, was too heavy to figure! Now Addition’s so big, it’s just a sad fact, I’ll need dog, Addition, to learn to subtract. 48 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 48 23/01/2017 4:15:39 PM

EVS Fun Count the total number of fingers and toes you have. Also count the same for the other members of your family. Write the total number of fingers and toes that you have counted. A Note to Parent Take your child to the supermarket. Ask her or him to pick up three things of her or his choice. Ask her or him to find the total cost of the items. Drill Time Concept 4.1: Add 2-digit Numbers and 3-digit Numbers 1) Add 2-digit numbers with regrouping. a) 77 + 13 b) 26 + 35 c) 19 + 35 d) 49 + 12 e) 55 + 25 2) Add 3-digit numbers without regrouping. a) 166 + 111 b) 612 + 352 c) 191 + 315 d) 490 + 100 e) 812 + 121 3) Word problems a) Farah has 11 balloons and her friend has 29 balloons. How many balloons do they have in all? b) Akhil had 120 pens in one box and 121 pens in another box. How many pens did he have in all? Addition 49 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 49 23/01/2017 4:15:39 PM

S Subtractionubtraction I Will Learn Concepts 5.1: Subtract 2-digit Numbers and 3-digit Numbers 5.2: Subtract Two 1-digit Numbers Mentally Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 50 23/01/2017 4:15:40 PM

Concept 5.1: Subtract 2-digit Numbers and 3-digit Numbers I Think I Think Raj had 443 balls. He gave 231 balls to Meena. Raj wants to know the number of balls left with him. How can Raj find that? To answer this, we must learn subtraction of 2-digits numbers and 3-digit numbers. 5.1 I Recall We know to subtract numbers by counting and by using the number line. We also subtract numbers by placing them vertically one below the other. Let us solve the following to recall the concept of subtraction. a) 8 – 4 = ______ d) 67 – 15 = ______ b) 5 – 2 = ______ e) 40 – 20 = ______ c) 9 – 1 = ______ f) 22 – 10 = ______ 5.1 I Remember and Understand Subtraction of 2-digit numbers with regrouping Place values of digits in 2-digit numbers are tens and ones. Sometimes, subtracting 2-digit numbers needs While subtracting, regrouping. Let us see some examples. always start from the ones place. Subtraction 51 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 51 23/01/2017 4:15:41 PM

Example 1: Subtract 48 from 56. Solution: To subtract, follow these steps: Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Write the numbers according to their places. T O T O Subtract the digits in the ones place. But, we cannot subtract 8 from 6. So, we have to 5 6 4 4 regroup the tens. − 4 8 − 3 8 5 tens = 4 tens + 1 ten. We know that 1 ten = 10 ones. Step 2: Add 1 ten to the ones T O T O place. So, it becomes 16 ones. Also, subtract 1 ten from the 4 16 tens place (that is, 5 – 1= 4). 5 6 9 8 Now, subtract 8 from 16. That is, − 4 8 − 3 9 16 – 8 = 8. Write the difference in the ones place. 8 Step 3: Subtract the digits in T O T O the tens place. That is, 4 – 4 = 0. Write the difference in the tens 4 16 place. 5 6 8 6 So, 56 – 48 = 8. − 4 8 − 2 7 0 8 Subtract 3-digit Numbers without regrouping Let us understand how to subtract 3-digit numbers through some examples. 52 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 52 23/01/2017 4:15:41 PM

Example 2: Subtract 141 from 943. Solution: To subtract the given numbers, follow these steps: Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Arrange the numbers H T O H T O according to their place values. 9 4 3 7 8 4 − 1 4 1 − 3 3 2 Step 2: Subtract the digits H T O H T O in the ones place. Write the difference in the ones place. 9 4 3 4 9 6 That is, 3 – 1 = 2. − 1 4 1 − 2 6 2 2 Step 3: Subtract the digits H T O H T O in the tens place. Write the difference in the tens place. 9 4 3 6 3 6 That is, 4 – 4 = 0. − 1 4 1 − 1 3 0 0 2 Step 4: Subtract the digits H T O H T O in the hundreds place. Write the difference in the 9 4 3 8 4 6 hundreds place. − 1 4 1 − 4 2 0 That is, 9 − 1= 8. 8 0 2 So, 943 – 141 = 802. Properties of subtraction 1) Zero property: When we subtract 0 from a number, the difference is the number itself. For example, 12 – 0 = 12 2) Before numbers property: When we subtract 1 from a number, we get the number just before it. Subtraction 53 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 53 23/01/2017 4:15:41 PM

For example, 35 – 1 = 34 3) Subtracting a number from itself: When we subtract a number from itself, the difference is 0. For example, 35 – 35 = 0 Train My Brain Solve the following: a) 46 – 28 b) 834 – 414 c) 921 – 711 5.1 I Apply We use the concept of subtraction to solve some real-life situations. Let us see a few examples. Example 3: There are 390 students in a school. Among them,150 students are girls. How many boys are there in the school? Solution: Number of students in the school = 390 H T O Number of girls = 150 3 9 0 Number of boys = 390 – 150 = 240 − 1 5 0 So, there are 240 boys in the school. 2 4 0 Example 4: There are 52 candies in a jar. Children ate up 37 candies. How many candies are left in the jar? T O Solution: Number of candies in a jar = 52 4 12 Number of candies eaten by children = 37 5 2 Total number of candies left in the jar = 52 – 37 = 15 − 3 7 So, there are 15 candies left in the jar. 1 5 54 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 54 23/01/2017 4:15:42 PM

5.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us now learn to frame a story sum on subtraction. Example 5: Given 163 −120 = 43, frame a story sum. Solution: Two numbers and their difference are given. We can use some situations to frame the story sum. Step 1: Think of a situation. Since the numbers are 3 digit numbers, we shall take this as the number of chocolates taken by Shyam to his school on his birthday. Since it is subtraction, these chocolates should be given away. Step 2: Write the story in your words. Shyam takes 163 chocolates to school on his birthday. He distributes 120 chocolates among all his classmates. How many chocolates are left with him? Concpet 5.2: Subtract Two 1-digit Numbers Mentally I Think Raj had ` 9 with him. He gave ` 4 to his sister. What amount was left with Raj? Can you find out without using pen and paper? To answer this, we need to learn mental subtraction of 1-digit numbers. 5.2 I Recall To subtract numbers mentally; first, we need to remember the correct order of numbers. Also we need to practice backward counting of numbers in the correct order. Subtraction 55 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 55 23/01/2017 4:15:43 PM

Let us recall how to write numbers backwards from 20 to 1. 20 1 5.2 I Remember and Understand Let us understand how to subtract two 1-digit numbers mentally, through these examples. If the two given numbers Example 6: Subtract mentally: 2 from 5 are the same, we can keep any number in the Solution: To subtract the given numbers mind and count the other mentally, follow these steps: number on the fingers. Solved Solve this Steps 2 from 5 4 from 9 Step 1: Keep the bigger The bigger number The bigger number number in mind. is 5. So, keep 5 in is . So, keep___ mind. in mind. Step 2: Keep as many The smaller number The smaller number fingers open as the smaller is 2. So, keep 2 is . So, keep number. fingers open. ___fingers open. Step 3: Begin counting The number before The number before backwards, the fingers 5 is 4. Count the 2 ___ is ___. Count the from the number after the fingers backwards fingers backwards as larger number given. as 4 and 3. ___ , ___ , ___ , and ____. Step 4: Write the number The difference of 5 The difference of 9 obtained in step 3 as the and 2 is 5 – 2 = 3. and 4 is 9 – 4 = ___ difference of the given numbers. 56 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 56 23/01/2017 4:15:43 PM

Train My Brain Solve the following mentally: a) 8 – 6 b) 7 – 3 c) 4 – 4 5.2 I Apply We have seen how easy it is to subtract 1-digit numbers mentally. It is important in some real-life situations to use mental subtraction of numbers. Let us see some examples. Example 7: Meena has 7 chocolates with her. She gave 3 of them to her sister. How many chocolates are left with Meena? Solution: Number of chocolates Meena has = 7 Number of chocolates Meena gave to her sister = 3 The bigger number is 7. The smaller number is 3. So, we keep the bigger number in the mind. We keep the smaller number on the fingers. That is, 7 in the mind, 3 on the fingers. But when we subtract we count backwards. Before 7, we count 3 fingers backwards as 6, 5 and 4. So, 4 chocolates are left with Meena. Example 8: Sameer went on an 8-day long vacation to Shimla with his family. He has already completed 5 days of his vacation. How many days more are left in his vacation? Solution: Number of days of vacation = 8 Number of days of the vacation completed = 5 The bigger number is 8 and the smaller number is 5. Subtraction 57 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 57 23/01/2017 4:15:43 PM

So, we keep the bigger number (8) in the mind. Keep the smaller number (5) on the fingers. But when we subtract, we count backwards. Before 8, we count 5 fingers as 7, 6, 5, 4 and 3. So, 3 days of Sameer’s vacation were left. 5.2 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us now see an example involving mental addition and subtraction together. Example 9: Priya had 6 pencils. She gave 2 pencils to her brother and 1 pencil to her sister. How many pencils did she give away in all? How many pencils are left with Priya now? Solution: Total number of pencils with Priya = 6 Number of pencils she gave her brother = 2 Number of pencils she gave her sister = 1 We need to find the total number of pencils Priya gave away. So, add the number of pencils she gave to her brother and to her sister. The bigger number is 2 and the smaller number is 1. So, keep 2 in mind and 1 on the fingers. After 2 count 1 finger ahead. So, Priya gave away 3 pencils. Now, we need to find the number of pencils left. So, for this subtract the number of pencils given away from the total pencils. The bigger number is 6 and the smaller number is 3. So, keep 6 in mind and 3 on fingers. Counting 3 fingers backwards from 6 we get 3. So, 3 pencils are left with Priya. 58 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 58 23/01/2017 4:15:43 PM

Maths Munchies Subtraction of 3-digit numbers from 1000: 1 0 0 0 − 7 8 6 2 3 1 Consider the example 1000 – 786. In this example, we have subtracted from 9 from 9 from 10 7 and 8 from 9 and then 6 from 10 which results in 214. This trick helps in faster calculations. = 2 1 4 Connect the Dots English Fun Let us read a poem about Subtraction. Here we go subtracting numbers, To find the difference Subtracting numbers, subtracting Next you take away a part, numbers Away a part, away a part, Here we go subtracting numbers, Next you take away a part, To find the difference To find the difference First you start with the whole, You have found the other part, With the whole, with the whole, The other part, the other part, First you start with the whole, You have found the other part, That is the difference. Subtraction 59 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 59 23/01/2017 4:15:44 PM

EVS Fun There are 16 people who have come for your birthday party. Six of them are your friends. Also, there are three uncles, two aunts and three cousins. Your parents are also there. If we separate all the extended family members, how many guests will remain? A Note to Parent Give your child some toffees. Now play as follows: a) Ask for 0 toffees. Then ask the number of toffees left with her or him. b) Ask her or him to give you one toffee. Then ask her or him to count the number of toffees left with her or him. c) Ask her or him to give you different number of toffees and ask her/him to count the number of toffees left with her or him. 60 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 60 23/01/2017 4:15:45 PM

Drill Time Concept 5.1: Subtract 2-digit Numbers and 3-digit Numbers 1) Subtract 2-digit numbers with regrouping. a) 25 – 18 b) 37 – 29 c) 48 – 19 d) 56 – 27 e) 90 – 25 2) Subtract 3-digit numbers without regrouping. a) 356 – 256 b) 197 – 106 c) 786 – 122 d) 476 – 111 e) 854 – 221 3) Word problems a) Vishu has 33 cups in a box. He removed 17 of them and placed on the table. How many cups are left in the box? b) Nisha has 41 handkerchiefs with her. She gave 24 handkerchiefs for washing. How many handkerchiefs are left with her? c) Baiju has 142 marbles with him in a basket. Out of these, he removed 100. How many marbles are left in the basket? d) Seeta has 758 papers with her. She used 311 of them. How many papers has she not used? Concept 5.2: Subtract Two 1-digit Numbers Mentally 4) Subtract the following mentally: a) 3 from 9 b) 2 from 7 c) 2 from 4 d) 7 from 8 e) 1 from 2 5) Word problems a) Sunita drew 8 flowers out of which she coloured 6 red and the rest blue. How many flowers were coloured blue? b) Rohan made a bunch of 5 flowers out of which 1 flower fell down from his hand. How many flowers are left in his hand? Subtraction 61 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 61 23/01/2017 4:15:45 PM

Ti Timeme I Will Learn Concepts 6.1: Days of a Week and Months of a Year 6.2: Sequence the Events Over Longer Period Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 62 23/01/2017 4:15:45 PM

Concept 6.1: Days of a Week and Months of a Year I Think On 18 February, Raj’s father planned to take the family on a picnic. They th planned to go after the 2 week of the next month. Raj wanted to know nd the exact date of the picnic. Do you know how Raj would know the exact date? To answer this, we should learn the days of the week. We should also know the months of the year. 6.1 I Recall We do many activities throughout the day. Each activity takes some time to be completed. Some events finish soon, while the others take more time. Tick the activity that takes more time in each of the following pairs. a) b) c) Time 63 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 63 23/01/2017 4:15:48 PM

6.1 I Remember and Understand We see the days and months of a year in a calendar. Observe the given calendar. The days of the week in 10 years make a your class timetable can also be seen in this calendar. decade. Isn’t it? It also has another day which is not there in your 100 years make class timetable. Do you know which day it is? a century. Calendar of 2017 January February March SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 29 30 31 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 30 31 April May June SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 July August September SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 31 October November December SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 64 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 64 23/01/2017 4:15:52 PM

The following are a few features of a calendar: • Calendar is another way of reading time. • It shows time in days, weeks, and months. • Days are given column-wise and dates are given row-wise. • Some calendars show days row-wise and dates column-wise. • Some days are marked in red. These indicate holidays or special days. • In some calendars, special days are also written below the date. Week • A week begins on a Sunday and ends on Saturday. • There are seven days in a week. They are: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Month • A month has 30 or 31 days. • February is the 2 month in a year. It has 28 or 29 days. nd • There are four full weeks in a month. Year A year has 12 months. They are: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December. Using a calendar, we can know the day and the date. Let us now learn to read a calendar. Example 1: Read the calendar of 2017 carefully and answer the following questions. Time 65 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 65 23/01/2017 4:15:52 PM

a) On which day does 15 August fall? th b) How many Sundays are there in the month of June? c) How many weeks are there in the month of February? Solution: a) 15 August is on Tuesday. th b) The month of June has four Sundays. c) There are four weeks in the month of February. Example 2: Read the calendar of 2017 and answer the following questions. a) 8 January is Sunday. When is the next Sunday? th b) Name the 3 month of the year. rd c) Name the 11 month of the year. th d) Name the 3 day of the week. rd Solution: a) There are seven days in a week. So, we add 7 to the given date to get the same day in the next week. 8 + 7 = 15. So, the next Sunday is15 . th b) March is the 3 month of the year. rd c) November is the 11 month of the year. th d) Tuesday is the 3 day of the week. rd Train My Brain Fill in the blanks: a) 7 days make a _________. b) 12 months make a _________. c) __________ is the 2 nd month of a year. 66 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 66 23/01/2017 4:15:52 PM

6.1 I Apply The Earth moves around the Sun. It takes around 365 days and 6 hours for one round. Summer Season Seasons are caused due to the Earth’s movement around the Sun. These movements bring to us three main seasons in a year. • Summer Winter Season Rainy Season • Rainy • Winter These three seasons are spread over the 12 months of a year. In India, the seasons and the months in which they fall are as follows: Summer Rainy Winter mid-February mid-June mid-October March July November April August December September to January to May to mid-June mid-October mid-February Example 3: Answer these questions: a) Which season comes before winter? b) Which season falls between winter and rainy? c) Which season is it during the month of August? Solution: a) Rainy season b) Summer season c) Rainy season Example 4: Answer the following questions: a) Which months fall under rainy season? b) Which season is it in the month of January? c) In which season does the Sun shine brightly? Time 67 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 67 23/01/2017 4:15:52 PM

Solution: a) mid-June, July, August, September and mid-October b) Winter season c) Summer season 6.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Read the following examples. Example 5: If today is 9 May and it is summer now, what season was it four th months ago? Solution: Winter season (because four months ago it was January). Example 6: If it is rainy now, what season will it be twelve months from now? Solution: Rainy season Concept 6.2: Sequence the Events Over Longer Period I Think Raj now knows in which part of the day he does different activities. He wants to narrate the activities one after the other along with time. Do you also want to narrate your daily activities in the same way? To do that, we must know about sequence of the events. 68 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 68 23/01/2017 4:15:53 PM

6.2 I Recall When the Sun rises, we know that it is morning. The Sun is right above us at noon. After school, we play with our friends in the evening. We have dinner and go to sleep at night. Let us recall the events in a day. a) Stars twinkle ________ (at noon/at night). b) My father goes for a __________ (morning/noon) walk. c) The paper boy gets newspaper in the (morning/night). d) Boating is done during the _____________ (day-time/night-time). e) I went to the zoo during the ___________ (day-time/night-time). 6.2 I Remember and Understand We use a clock to find time. Numbers from 1 to 12 are written on the face of the clock. n Minute Hand For every one complete Hour Hand round of the minute hand, the hour hand moves forward to the next number. The clock has two hands: This means that one hour is completed. 1) the short hand, known as the ‘hour hand’, and 2) the long hand, called the ‘minute hand’. Time 69 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 69 23/01/2017 4:15:53 PM

Reading time When the minute hand points to 12 and the hour hand to any one of the numbers, we read it as the time at that hour. When the hour hand is on 3 and the minute hand on 12, we say it is 3 o’clock. Example 7: Read the time shown on these clocks. a) b) Solution: We can read the time as: The minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 5. The time is 5 o’clock. a) The minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 8. The time is 8 o’clock. b) Example 8: Read the time on these clocks and mention where the hour and the minute hands are. a) b) 70 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 70 23/01/2017 4:15:54 PM

Solution: We can read the time as: The minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 10. The time is 10 o’clock. a) The minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 11. The time is 11 o’clock. b) Train My Brain Read the time shown on these clocks. a) b) c) 6.2 I Apply We have learnt to read time from the clock. Let us now write activities in a sequence. Example 9: Put the pictures in sequence by numbering them. One has been done for you. Time 71 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 71 23/01/2017 4:15:54 PM

a) 2 1 4 3 b) Example 10: Look at the clocks and mention the time. a) I drink milk and have b) I reach school at c) I have my lunch at my breakfast at _____ o’clock in the _____ o’clock in the _____ o’clock in the morning. morning. afternoon. d) I come home from e) I eat my snacks and f) I go to play at school at do homework at _____ o’clock in the _____ o’clock in the _____ o’clock in the afternoon. evening. evening. 72 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 72 23/01/2017 4:15:54 PM

g) I watch TV at h) I have my dinner at i) I go to bed at _____ o’clock at night. _____ o’clock at night. _____ o’clock at night. 6.2 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us draw hands on the clock when time is given. Example 11: Draw the hands of the clock to show the given time. One has been done for you. Solution: We can draw the hands of the clock as: a) b) c) . . 2 o’clock 12 o’clock 10 o’clock d) e) f) . . . 11 o’clock 4 o’clock 3 o’clock Time 73 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 73 23/01/2017 4:15:55 PM

g) h) i) . . . 5 o’clock 8 o’clock 9 o’clock Maths Munchies Skip counting to tell the time 2 3 1 To tell the minutes, we need to skip count by 5. Number on the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 clock Number of 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 minutes Connect the Dots English Fun Let us read a funny poem on calendar. 30 days have September, April, June and November. All the rest have 31, Except for February alone, Which has 28 days clear, And 29 in a leap year. 74 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 74 23/01/2017 4:15:57 PM

EVS Fun Go out and observe your shadow in the morning, noon and evening. Is there any change in the length of the shadow? A Note to Parent Help your child make his or her own clock using a paper plate and straws of paper for arms. Explain how the arms of the clock move from 4 o’clock to 5 o’clock. Drill Time Concept 6.1: Days of a Week and Months of a Year 1) Read the calendar of February 2017 and answer the following. February SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 a) How many days are there in the month of February? Time 75 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 75 23/01/2017 4:15:58 PM

Drill Time b) How many weeks does February 2017 have? c) If 20 February falls on a Monday, when is the next Monday? th d) What is the date on the last day of the month? e) How many Saturdays are there in this month? 2) Name the seasons that fall in the following months: a) January b) mid-October c) mid-June d) April e) December Concept 6.2: Sequence the Events Over Longer Period 3) Read the time shown on the clocks below. a) b) c) d) e) 4) Number the pictures in sequence in each of the following. Begin with 1 for the first activity. a) b) 76 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 76 23/01/2017 4:15:58 PM

Mo Moneyney I Will Learn Concept 7.1: Add and Subtract Money without Conversion Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 77 23/01/2017 4:15:59 PM

Concept 7.1: Add and Subtract Money without Conversion I Think Raj’s mother gave him a ` 50 note to buy a loaf of bread. She asked him to get the correct change too. Raj gave ` 50 for the bread and got some change. But he did not know if the change he got was correct. If you were in Raj’s place, how would you find it? To answer this question, we must learn addition and subtraction of money. 7.1 I Recall We write money in rupees and paise. For example, we write five rupees seventy- five paise as ` 5.75. We add or subtract numbers by writing them one below the other. This method of addition or subtraction is called the column method. Solve the following to recall addition and subtraction of numbers. a) 26 + 11 = _____ d) 34 – 13 = ______ b) 34 + 22 = _____ e) 80 – 10 = ______ c) 71 + 21 = _____ f) 77 – 54 = ______ 7.1 I Remember and Understand Addition and subtraction of money are similar to that of numbers. In the column method, we write rupees under rupees. Then we write paise under paise, exactly one below the other. Then we add The point that separates or subtract as usual. rupees and paise in each number is written exactly one below the other . 78 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 78 23/01/2017 4:16:00 PM

Addition of money Let us understand the addition of money through an example. Example 1: Add: ` 45.50 and ` 32.20 Solution: Follow the steps to add the amounts. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Arrange rupees ` p ` p and paise in two 4 5 . 5 0 6 0 . 7 5 columns as shown. + 3 2 . 2 0 + 3 0 . 1 2 Step 2: Add the paise ` p ` p and write the sum in the 4 5 . 5 0 1 1 . 1 1 paise column. + 3 2 . 2 0 + 2 2 . 2 2 7 0 Step 3: Add the rupees and write the sum in the ` p ` p rupees column. 4 5 . 5 0 2 0 . 1 9 + 3 2 . 2 0 + 3 2 . 2 0 7 7 . 7 0 Subtraction of money Let us understand subtraction of money through an example. Example 2: Subtract: ` 25.40 from ` 75.60 Solution: Follow the steps to subtract the amounts. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Arrange rupees and paise in two ` p ` p columns as shown. 7 5 . 6 0 5 1 . 1 0 Write the larger amount – 2 5 . 4 0 – 5 0 . 1 0 above the smaller amount. Money 79 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 79 23/01/2017 4:16:00 PM

Steps Solved Solve these Step 2: Subtract the ` p ` p paise and write the 7 5 . 6 0 4 5 . 4 5 difference in the paise – 2 5 . 4 0 – 1 2 . 1 2 column. 2 0 Step 3: Subtract the rupees and write the ` p ` p difference in the rupees 7 5 . 6 0 9 8 . 4 3 column. – 2 5 . 4 0 – 4 6 . 2 2 5 0 . 2 0 Train My Brain Solve the following: a) ` 34.33 – ` 24.22 b) ` 21.25 + ` 42.23 c) ` 76.24 – ` 12.10 7.1 I Apply Let us see some real-life examples of addition and subtraction of money. Example 3: Five bananas cost ` 20 and two pencils cost ` 12.50. What is their total cost? Solution: Cost of five bananas = ` 20 ` p 2 0 . 0 0 Cost of two pencils = ` 12.50 + 1 2 . 5 0 Their sum = ` 20 + ` 12.50 = ` 32.50 3 2 . 5 0 So, the total cost of bananas and pencils is ` 32.50. Example 4: Veer bought a ball for ` 10.50 and gave the shopkeeper ` 15.50. How much change did the shopkeeper give Veer? Solution: The amount Veer paid the shopkeeper = ` 15.50 80 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 80 23/01/2017 4:16:01 PM

Cost of a ball = ` 10.50 ` p Difference in the amounts = 1 5. 5 0 – 1 0. 5 0 ` 15.50 – ` 10.50 = ` 5.00 5. 0 0 So, the shopkeeper gave back ` 5. 7.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Read a few examples of addition and subtraction of money. Example 5: Vani has ` 500. How many of the given items can she buy? Write any four combinations. ` 100 ` 250 ` 150 ` 200 ` 350 Solution: The total cost of the items that Vani can buy must be less than or equal to ` 500. a) Combination 1 b) Combination 2 ` 100 ` 250 ` 150 ` 100 ` 350 c) Combination 3 d) Combination 4 ` 150 ` 350 ` 250 ` 200 Money 81 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 81 23/01/2017 4:16:02 PM

Maths Munchies 1 Presently we have 2000, 500, 100, 50, 10 and 5 rupee notes. Of these, 2 3 2000 and 500 notes were introduced in November 2016. They look like the images below. The old 500 rupee notes and 1000 rupees notes looked like the images given below. Connect the Dots EVS Fun Have you seen ATMs in your city or town? ATM stands for ‘Automated Teller Machine’. Every bank has its own ATMs. Most ATMs work for 24 hours. We can go and get money from there any time! English Fun Think of at least three rhyming words for ‘money’. 82 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 82 23/01/2017 4:16:03 PM

A Note to Parent Take your child for grocery shopping on weekends. Ask him or her to count the coins and notes before paying the shopkeeper. Such practical experiences will strengthen your child’s concepts in understanding money. Drill Time Concept 7.1: Add and Subtract Money without Conversion 1) Add: a) ` 27.17 + ` 12.12 b) ` 35.88 + ` 12.11 c) ` 46.37 + ` 10.10 d) ` 87.22 + ` 12.77 e) ` 11.11 + ` 22.22 2) Subtract: a) ` 99.99 – ` 11.11 b) ` 45.23 – ` 11.13 c) ` 76.43 – ` 15.20 d) ` 39.28 – ` 27.10 e) ` 65.65 – ` 35.35 3) Word problems a) Ram has ` 52.50 and Shama has ` 15.00. How much money do they have in all? b) Soham bought chocolates for ` 41.00. Rehan bought some chocolates for ` 24.50. How much amount did they spend in all? c) Suhan had ` 87.50. He bought vegetables for ` 23.50. How much money is left with him? d) Rakesh has ` 74.19 with him. He gave ` 10.10 to his friend. What amount is left with him? Money 83 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 83 23/01/2017 4:16:03 PM

M Multiplicationultiplication I Will Learn Concepts 8.1: Concept of Repeated Addition 8.2: Skip Counting Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 84 23/01/2017 4:16:05 PM

Concept 8.1: Concept of Repeated Addition I Think Raj has five pet cats. He wants to know the number of legs they have altogether. How can Raj find that? To answer this question, we must know repeated addition. 8.1 I Recall We already know how to add some objects by counting. Let us recall the same through the following exercise: Count, add and write the number of objects. a) [ ] b) [ ] c) [ ] d) [ ] 8.1 I Remember and Understand Repeated addition is adding the same number repeatedly (again and again). Let us see a few examples. Multiplication 85 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 85 23/01/2017 4:16:09 PM

Example 1: Use repeated addition to find the total: In repeated addition, we put the objects into equal groups to find their total. Solution: Number of groups = 4 The number of objects in each group = 2 Total number of objects = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 We read it as 4 groups of 2 is 8. Example 2: Count and add: Solution: Number of groups = 3 Number of equal number of objects in each group = 4 Total number of objects = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 We read it as 3 groups of 4 is 12. Train My Brain Identify the number of groups and the number of items present in each group. a) b) c) 86 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 86 23/01/2017 4:16:11 PM

8.1 I Apply Let us now apply the concept of repeated addition. Example 3: Suresh has three pet dogs. How many legs do these dogs have altogether? Solution: Suresh has three pet dogs. So, the number of groups is 3. Each dog has 4 legs. So, the number of equal objects in each group is 4. 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 So, 3 groups of 4 is12. Therefore, the three dogs have 12 legs altogether. Example 4: A star has 5 corners. How many corners do 4 stars have? Solution: Number of stars (groups) = 4 Number of corners (objects) in each star = 5 That is, 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20. So, 4 groups of 5 is 20. So, 4 stars have 20 corners. Multiplication 87 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 87 23/01/2017 4:16:12 PM

8.1 I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Let us see an example based on repeated addition. Example 5: Sudha wanted to buy beads to make necklaces for her daughter and for herself. To make a necklace, she needs at least 25 beads. How many beads are needed to make necklaces for both of them? Solution: Number of necklaces (groups) = 2 Number of beads (objects) = 25 That is, 25 + 25 = 50. So, 2 groups of 25 = 50. So, the total number of beads required to make two necklaces is 50. Concept 8.2: Skip Counting I Think While playing hopscotch, Raj knows to jump by skipping some of the boxes. Similarly, he can count numbers by skipping some of them. How could he do that? To answer this, we must learn skip counting. 8.2 I Recall Recall the concept of repeated addition through these examples. Write the values of the following. Also, draw the groups selecting objects of your choice. 88 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 88 23/01/2017 4:16:13 PM

a) 5 groups of 2 [ ] b) 3 groups of 9 [ ] c) 2 groups of 7 [ ] d) 6 groups of 1 [ ] 8.2 I Remember and Understand “Skip Counting” is counting by a number that is not 1. It helps you • to count many things quickly. • to learn multiplication tables. Multiplication 89 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 89 23/01/2017 4:16:13 PM

Count by 2s In counting by 2s, we begin with the given number and count every alternate number. Example 6: Help the frog to find its way to the fly using skip counting by 2. Write the numbers on which it jumps. Solution: From the figure, the frog jumps on every second number. Skip counting by 2: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 So, the numbers on which the frog jumps are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20. Example 7: Count by 2s and fill in the missing numbers on the given number lines. a) b) c) Solution: a) 90 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 90 23/01/2017 4:16:15 PM

b) c) Count by 3s In counting by 3s, we count every third number from the given number. Example 8: Begin with the given number and count by 3s in each of the following. Write the numbers in the boxes below: a) b) c) Solution: a) Multiplication 91 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 91 23/01/2017 4:16:16 PM

b) c) We now know the concepts of repeated addition and skip counting. Now, let us understand how we can construct the multiplication tables from 2 to 6. Observe the following figure. It has 2 stars as a group. So, we see that 1 group of 2 is 2. We write it as ‘2 × 1 = 2’ which means ‘2 times 1 is 2’. We read it as ‘2 ones are 2’. There are 2 groups of 2 stars in each. We write it as 2 + 2 = 4 and read as 2 groups of 2 is 4. We can also write it as ‘2 × 2 = 4’ which means ‘2 times 2 is 4’. We read it as ‘2 twos are 4’. There are 3 groups of 2 stars in each. We write it as 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 and read as 3 groups of 2 is 6. This can be written as ‘2 × 3 = 6’ which means ‘2 times 3 is 6’and read as ‘2 threes are 6’. 92 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 92 23/01/2017 4:16:17 PM

In this way, we can form a table of 2 which is called the multiplication table of 2. 2 × 1 = 2 ‘×’ is the symbol used for multiplication. 2 2 times 1 is 2 2 × 2 = 4 2 + 2 2 times 2 is 4 2 × 3 = 6 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 3 is 6 2 × 4 = 8 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 4 is 8 2 × 5 = 10 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 5 is 10 2 × 6 = 12 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 6 is 12 2 × 7 = 14 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 7 is 14 Multiplication 93 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 93 23/01/2017 4:16:17 PM

2 × 8 = 16 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 8 is 16 2 × 9 = 18 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 9 is 18 2 × 10 = 20 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 times 10 is 20 The following are the multiplication tables of 3, 4, 5 and 6. Read them aloud. Table of 3 Table of 4 Table of 5 Table of 6 3 × 1 = 3 4 × 1 = 4 5 × 1 = 5 6 × 1 = 6 3 × 2 = 6 4 × 2 = 8 5 × 2 = 10 6 × 2 = 12 3 × 3 = 9 4 × 3 = 12 5 × 3 = 15 6 × 3 = 18 3 × 4 = 12 4 × 4 = 16 5 × 4 = 20 6 × 4 = 24 3 × 5 = 15 4 × 5 = 20 5 × 5 = 25 6 × 5 = 30 3 × 6 = 18 4 × 6 = 24 5 × 6 = 30 6 × 6 = 36 3 × 7 = 21 4 × 7 = 28 5 × 7 = 35 6 × 7 = 42 3 × 8 = 24 4 × 8 = 32 5 × 8 = 40 6 × 8 = 48 3 × 9 = 27 4 × 9 = 36 5 × 9 = 45 6 × 9 = 54 3 × 10 = 30 4 × 10 = 40 5 × 10 = 50 6 × 10 = 60 94 Merged file_G2_Maths_TB_13012017.indb 94 23/01/2017 4:16:18 PM