9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text

Understanding HOW ARE HOBBIES HELPFUL TO US? People take up hobbies to be happy. But there are other benefits of hobbies too. Some of the benefits are as follows: 1) They keep us healthy: Hobbies like exercising, sports and games keep us healthy. 2) They help us to be creative: Hobbies like painting, writing and cooking help us to create something new. 3) They help us to make useful things: Hobbies like knitting and pottery help us to make useful things. 4) They help us to learn new things: Hobbies like reading books help us to learn new things. A collection of stamps and coins helps us learn about different countries. 5) They teach us to work in groups: All hobbies which involve group activities teach us to work in groups. For example, games like football, hockey and so on. Group dancing also helps us learn to work in groups. Application You have learnt about the benefits of hobbies. Do all your friends have the same hobbies? One of your friends may like to play video games. Another friend may like to play badminton. Do you and your siblings like the same games or activities? Some of your choices may be the same and some may be different. What could be the reason? People choose a hobby that they find interesting. Different playing video game playing badminton people have different likes and dislikes. Therefore, different people have different hobbies. My Hobbies 3 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 101 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

If we practise a hobby for a long time, we become good at it. Then, we can carry forward that hobby as a job. For many people, their hobbies V. V. S. Laxman J. K. Rowling become their jobs when they grow up. For example, V. V. S. Laxman, the Indian cricketer, was good at studies. However, he became a great batsman as playing cricket was his hobby. The famous author of Harry Potter—J. K. Rowling—wrote stories as a hobby. Her hobby has become her job. Discuss your hobbies with your friends. Make a list of one another’s hobbies. Write what your friends want to become when they grow up. Your friends’ hobbies What your friends want to become Amazing Facts Did you know that collecting stamps is called the king of all hobbies? It is one of the most popular hobbies in the world. a collection of stamps Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Everyone has hobbies. What hobbies do your parents have? Did they have hobbies similar to yours when they were of your age? What could be the reason behind this? Find out. 4 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 102

Lesson Family as First School 2 Let Us Learn About R habits and values. U how habits and values differ in families. A habits and values in my family. H good and bad habits. Think Arnav was playing near his house. He saw an old lady walking with a stick. The stick fell from her hand. Arnav picked up the stick and gave it back to her. Who taught him to do so? Remembering We live with our family members. We spend most of our time with them. So, we learn a lot from them. What do we learn from our family? Habits: These are activities that we eating sleeping running do daily. People have different habits. For example, eating, walking, talking, sleeping and so on. NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 103 5 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

Values: These are good actions and thoughts. Values help us to decide what is right or wrong. For example, respecting elders, taking care of younger ones and so on. respecting elders taking care of younger ones Understanding Some habits that we learn from our family members are: • the type of food we like to eat • the way we eat • table manners • the time we go to bed and wake up • how loudly or softly we talk or laugh How do we learn different values from our family? learning table manners from parents Being kind and helpful: What happens when you are sick? Your family takes care of you. Respecting others: Your parents talk to elders with respect. They listen to what the elders say. Being disciplined: Your parents get up on time and do the household work. They help you get ready for school. Then, they go to work. They have taught you to wake up early and not be late for school. Does your family behave in the same way as your friends’ families? No, you will find some differences. Habits and values within families are different. In some families, the family members: • touch the feet of elders • stand up when elders enter the room • keep footwear outside the house 6 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 104 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

• eat meals and celebrate festivals together • pray before meals and so on Do your family members follow any of these practices? praying before a meal Application You have read about the habits and values we learn from our families. What are the good habits and values that you have learnt from your family? Who is the family member you respect the most? Why do you respect him or her? Whom do you respect other than your family members? Some people you respect are your school principal, teachers, helpers, drivers, cleaners and so on. All of them help to run the school. Do you think that all the things we learn from others can be good for us? Do your parents or teachers say that you have learnt some bad habits? How can we make sure that we learn only throwing garbage fighting and shouting good things from others? Find out with the around help of your teachers and parents. Amazing Facts Did you know having breakfast is a healthy habit? Children who have breakfast everyday can study and play better than others! Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Write a letter to a family member. Talk about the good habits and values you have learnt from that person. Thank him or her for it. Also, write about any bad habits he or she should quit. Family as First School 7 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 105 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

Lesson Organ Systems 3 Let Us Learn About R organs inside the body. U different organ systems and their parts. A the effect of daily activities on organ systems. H the position of different organs inside the body. Think When we breathe in, we take in air. Where does this air go? It goes inside our body. Let us find out what is inside our body. Remembering We have some special body parts. The parts of the body that help us to do special and important work are called organs. We see some organs from outside. However, there are some organs that are inside the body. We cannot see them. food pipe ORGANS INSIDE OUR BODY stomach Food pipe: It is a tube, which leads from the mouth, through the throat to the stomach. food pipe and stomach 8 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 106 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

Stomach: It is a sack-like organ. When we eat windpipe food, it goes into the stomach through the food pipe. Windpipe: It is a tube that connects the throat lung to the lungs. It is also called the trachea. lungs heart Lungs: There is a pair of lungs in the chest. Heart: It is located a little to the left of the middle of our chest. It is about the size of our fist. Kidneys: We have a pair of kidneys. They are kidneys brain bean-shaped. Brain: It is present inside the head. Some organs inside our body form a group to do specific tasks. Such a group of organs is called an organ system. There are many such organ systems. Examples of some organ systems are the digestive system, circulatory system, skeletal system, muscular system and so on. Understanding SOME IMPORTANT ORGAN SYSTEMS Our body has many organs and organ systems. They work mouth together to carry out different tasks. food pipe The digestive system helps to take in food through our mouth stomach intestines and food pipe. In our stomach, food is heart broken down to make it easy to digest blood (just like a mixer-grinder). The digestive vessels system consists of the mouth, food pipe, stomach and intestines. The respiratory system helps in breathing. digestive system The organs of this system are the nose, windpipe and lungs. The circulatory system sends blood to all parts of the body. The circulatory system heart is the most important organ in this system. Organ Systems 9 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 107 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

It pumps blood to all the parts of the body just like a water pump. Blood flows through the blood vessels (thin tubes like water pipes). Our brain controls all activities of our body. It helps us to think and learn. The brain is a part of the nervous system. Application Now, you know about the different organ systems and how they work. Can we control all these organs? We cannot directly control the organs inside our body. The brain works even when you are sleeping. You breathe continuously when you are running, eating or sleeping. Is the breathing faster or slower when you are doing these activities? The heart beats continuously. Does the heart rate remain the same or does it change? Amazing Facts A child’s heart beats faster than an adult’s. Your heartbeat changes depending on the type of music you are listening to. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Draw an outline of the human body on a cardboard cutout of the body and organs and cut it out. Then, draw the different organs present inside our body on a piece of paper. Colour them. Cut out the organ shapes. Can you place these organ shapes correctly on the cutout of the body? To do this activity, you will need: a piece of cardboard, a piece of paper, pencil, crayons, scissors, gum 10 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 108

Lesson Skeletal System 4 Let Us Learn About R the skeletal system. U the functions of the skeletal system. A keeping our bones healthy. H the skeletal system in animals. Think Asif fell while cycling. He hurt his leg. His mother took him to the doctor. The doctor asked them to get an x-ray picture of the leg. Do you know what an x-ray picture tells us? an x-ray picture of the leg Remembering Hold your wrist. Do you feel something hard inside it? It is a bone. Our body has many such bones. At birth, we have around 300 bones. As we grow, some bones fuse and join. Adults have 206 bones. Joints are places where two bones meet. Example: knee, elbow All the bones in our body together form the skeletal system. NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 109 11 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

IMPORTANT PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM skull Skull: Bones in the head form the skull. rib cage backbone Ribs: Bones around the chest form the ribs. The ribs (vertebrae) join in the front and back, to form a rib cage. Backbone: Many small bones join to form a rod- like structure called the backbone. It connects the neck to the lower back of our body. It is also called the vertebrae. human skeletal system Understanding FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 1) The skeletal system gives shape and support to our body. For example, skull bones give shape to our head and face while the backbone helps us to stay erect. Imagine how your body will be without a backbone! Bones store minerals inside them. These minerals make them strong enough to support our body. 2) It protects the organs inside our body. For example, the rib cage protects the lungs and the heart while the skull protects the brain. skull rib cage brain lung heart skull rib cage 12 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 110 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

3) The skeletal system helps us to move. Joints help our body to twist and turn. For example, leg joints help us to walk and run. Application HOW CAN WE KEEP OUR BONES STRONG AND HEALTHY? Healthy food: Vitamins and minerals like calcium make our bones strong. So, we must eat food items which contain these nutrients. Leafy vegetables, pulses and milk products are rich in calcium and vitamins. leafy vegetables pulses milk products Good posture: We should always sit straight in the upright posture to keep our bones strong. Exercise and play: Playing and exercising regularly keeps our bones strong and healthy. WHAT IS A FRACTURE? Sometimes bones may get hurt because of good and bad postures accidents or a bad fall on the playground. In such cases, the bones may crack or break. This crack or break is called a fracture. How can we know if there is a fracture in our bone? For this, an x-ray picture is taken. It helps the doctor to see the fracture in the bones. The doctor will then put a plaster around it. fracture The plaster keeps the bone in the correct position and helps in healing. Skeletal System 13 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 111 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

AB CD E plaster plaster helps to heal the fracture Amazing Facts The smallest bone in our body is found in our ear. This bone is called the femur stapes. The longest bone in our body is the thigh bone or femur. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) You have learnt that humans have a skeletal system shell inside their body. Some animals have an exposed tortoise skeletal system. earthworm Have you seen a tortoise? It has a hard cover or shell on its body. The shell of a tortoise is an example of an exposed skeletal system. Make a list of animals having such shells. You must have seen many creepy crawlies like earthworms around your house. Do they have skeletal systems? 14 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 112

Lesson Way around Our 5 Neighbourhood Let Us Learn About r directions and sub-directions. u identifying directions. a mapping our neighbourhood. h the use of a compass. Think Can you help the puppy to find its way home? To reach its house the dog needs to know where to take the correct turns. Similarly, we also need to know our way to visit places in our neighbourhood or inside our school. How do we find our way? Remembering What do we need to know before we go to any place? We should know the address and where it is located. When we tell someone how to go to a place, we give directions. While giving directions, we use words like left, right, straight and so on. We use these words in relation to a landmark. A landmark is a well-known place in an area that can be easily seen. It can be identified from a distance. NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 113 15 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

turn left turn right go straight ahead go past cross DIRECTIONS AND SUB-DIRECTIONS north- north north- W N E west south east S We also give directions using west the four main directions – north (N), south- east east (E), south (S) and west (W). west south- There are also four sub-directions that east lie between these main directions. They are north-east, north-west, south-east and south-west. Understanding How do you know Stand facing the Sun when it rises. That direction is the East. which is the north and Open your arms as shown in the picture. which is the east? Let us do an activity to Your left-hand Your right-hand find directions. shows shows These directions and the north. the south. sub-directions help us to know places in The direction behind you is the West. our neighbourhood. finding directions They also help us to read maps of our city, district, state and so on. Application To read a map, you need to know the directions that you have learnt. A map is given on the next page. It shows a ‘house’. Riya lives in this house. Her house is east-facing. She wants to go to the post office to post a letter to her friend. Let us help Riya. 16 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 114

West South North East map Since Riya’s house is east-facing, she faces the East when she steps out. The directions are as follows: • Step out of the house and go to the road on your left. • Turn west. • Walk westward on the road. • Turn left towards the South at the end of the road. • The post office is at the corner of the road. Is there any other way to reach the post office? Discuss with your friends. Amazing Facts An interesting way of remembering directions is: Never Eat Slimy Worms N = North, E = East, S = South, W = West Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) One more way of finding directions is to use a compass. It is a device used compass to find directions on the surface of the Earth. It has a needle which always points towards the north-south direction. It is mainly used in ships to understand the direction. Way around Our Neighbourhood 17 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 115 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

Lesson Forms of Water 6 Let Us Learn About R forms of water. U the water cycle. A changing water forms around us. H how salt is got from seawater. Think While going to school, Aslam saw a puddle on the road. But while coming back from school, he found that it had dried up. How did the water disappear? puddle Remembering We hang clothes out in the sun to dry. Why do wet clothes dry after some time? Heat from sunlight changes the water in the clothes to water clothes hung in the sun vapour. The water vapour moves out of the clothes and the clothes dry. We can also see water change into vapour when we boil water. When cooled, water vapour changes into water. water vapour 18 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 116

Very cold conditions change water to ice. We ice ice-covered land find ice inside refrigerators and in very cold melting ice water places around the world. On heating ice melts to form water. Let us now learn about the three forms of water. What are the differences between water, water vapour and ice? Ice has a shape. It does not flow. Water flows and does not have a shape of its own. It takes the shape of the vessel it is kept in. Water always flows downwards. Water vapour has no shape. It always moves upwards and mixes with the air around. All three forms of water have no colour, smell and taste. Understanding Cooled water vapour forms When the water drops in the clouds small water droplets. These water become heavy, they fall as rain. droplets (with other things) form clouds in the sky. Inside the clouds, During winter, the water droplets combine to in some form big drops. very cold places, water During daytime, heat from the Sun changes to changes the water of the water bodies ice and snow. into vapour form. The water vapour thus formed goes upwards and cools down. Rainwater gets collected in water bodies like rivers, ponds, lakes and so on. Some of the water that goes into the soil is stored underground. Thus, water changes its form and always moves from the water bodies to the clouds and back. This movement is called the water cycle. It makes water available to all living things. Forms of Water 19 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 117 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

Application We have read that clouds give us rain. How do rain clouds look like? Rain clouds are dark in colour. They are heavy and filled with water droplets. clouds rain clouds Why is it that all clouds do not come down as rain? Find out. seashore Have you ever been to a seashore? We sweat a lot when water droplets on a we are at the seashore. Do you know the reason for this? At glass of cold water seashores, the air is filled with water vapour. So, the water in our sweat does not get changed into vapour easily. Have you seen dew drops on leaves in the morning? Where do they come from? Some water vapour is always present in the air around us. It cools down when it touches any cold surface. This is the reason why we see water droplets on a glass of cold water. We learnt that wet clothes dry due to the heat from the Sun. How do wet clothes dry when we keep them indoors? In monsoon, clothes dry with difficulty. Why is it so? Amazing Facts Fog is a cloud that appears very close to the ground. 20 fog NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 118 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Do you know that common salt is prepared seawater collected in ponds from seawater? Seawater contains a lot of salt. So, it is unfit for drinking. This salt can be separated out. For this, the seawater is collected in open ponds. Due to the heat from the sunlight, the water changes into vapour. The salt which remains in the ponds is collected and purified to be used as common salt. Forms of Water 21 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 119 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

Inside the Lab – A Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity A1: Salt from Seawater In the lesson ‘Forms of Water’, we learnt that water exists in three different forms. Let us see how we get salt from seawater due to the changing forms of water. You will need: seawater collected in ponds salt, some tap water, a saucepan, spoon, stove, tray and a black plastic sheet. You need to: 1) add two cups of water to the pan. Place it on the stove. Let the water boil. 2) add salt to the hot water in the pan. Mix it well with a spoon. Salt dissolves faster in hot water. Continue adding salt until it stops dissolving in the hot water. Eventually, you will reach a point at which the salt won’t dissolve anymore, no matter how hot the water is. When you reach that point, turn the stove off and let the water cool slightly. 3) spread the black plastic sheet inside the tray. 4) pour the water from the pan into the tray. 5) keep the tray out in the Sun for two days. black plastic paper and tray (The location should be chosen wisely to prevent the setup from any external damage.) The water will change into water vapour. This will leave behind crystals of salt in the tray. They are small and shiny. Salt is prepared from seawater in a similar way. Seawater changes into water vapour during summer, leaving behind salt. 22 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 120

Activity A2: Create Your Compass The magnetic compass is used to detect or find out directions: north, south, east and west. It has a magnetic needle that points to the north. You can easily make your own compass. You will need: compass a bar magnet, needle, cork disc, cup/bowl/glass, pair of pliers and water You need to: 1) rub a magnet over the needle about twenty times. Always rub in the same direction. 2) cut off a small portion from one end of the cork, magnet about 1 inch thick, making a small cork disc. This 4 step should be done with the help of the teacher. 3) put the cork disc on a flat surface. Carefully needle push the needle through the side of the disc as shown in the picture. Use the pair of pliers to push the needle. This step should be done only with the help of the teacher. 4) fill a deep cup, glass or bowl with water till at least half full. 5) place the cork disk on the surface of the water. Try to keep the disc floating in the centre of the water, away from the sides of the cup. 6) place your compass on a flat surface and watch what happens. What does the needle do? When it stops moving, which direction does it point towards? Inside the Lab – A 23 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 121 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

EVS−II (Social Studies) Textbook Features Let Us Learn About Think Contains the list of concepts to be Introduces the concept/subtopic and covered in the lesson along with the arouses curiosity among students learning objectives Understanding Remembering Explains the aspects in detail that form Introduces new concepts to build on the the basis of the concept prerequisite knowledge/skills to understand Includes elements to ensure that students and achieve the objective of the topic are engaged throughout Application Connects the concept to real-life situations by giving an opportunity to apply what students have learnt Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Encourages students to extend the concept learnt to advanced application scenarios Amazing Facts Fascinating facts and trivia for students to establish a better real-life connect with the concept NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 122 1/7/2019 2:17:43 PM

EVS−II (Social Studies) Contents Class 3 1 The Solar System������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 2 The Shape of the Earth���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 3 Using and Making Maps���������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 123 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM

Lesson The Solar System 1 Let Us Learn About R the solar system. U how the solar system fits into the universe and why the Earth is a living planet. A space exploration. h solving riddles to identify heavenly bodies. Think The children and Mrs Irani are watching the night sky on their terrace. Mrs Irani: Look at the bright stars tonight. All these stars are far off in space. Rashi: But what is ‘space’? Morad: Space is the place beyond the Earth, where all the The night sky stars and planets are. Meher: What is the difference between a star and a planet? Is the Earth a star or a planet? QQ. What is the Earth? (A) a star (B) a satellite (C) a planet (D) an asteroid 1 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 124

Remembering A set of planets and heavenly bodies that constantly move around a star is called a planetary system. Our planetary system is called the solar system. Our Earth is part of the solar system. It is made up of the Sun, eight planets and their satellites and other heavenly bodies. planets A planet is a very big ball-shaped object found in space. Look at the picture and find the planets numbered as follows. 1)  Mercury 2)   Venus 3)   Earth 4)   Mars 5)   Jupiter 6)   Saturn 7)   Uranus 8)   Neptune 5 6 78 12 34 Our solar system Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system, and Jupiter is the largest. Venus is the hottest and the brightest planet in the solar system. Mars is called the red planet. Saturn has rings of ice and dust around it. Fast storms blow on Neptune. The Solar System 2 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 125 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM

stars A star The planets in our solar system continuously move around A planet with its the Sun. The Sun is a star. A star is a burning, ball-shaped natural satellites object in space. It is made up of gas. It has its own light. A star is very hot. We can feel the heat of the Sun on Earth. Asteroid belt The Halley’s Comet natural satellites The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth. A natural satellite is a ball-shaped object, which travels around a planet. Natural satellites do not have their own light. So, why does the Moon shine? Point a torch at a mirror. You will see light. However, it is not the mirror’s own light. The light from the torch is seen in the mirror. Natural satellites are like mirrors. They do not have their own light. They reflect the light of the stars. Other heavenly bodies Other than planets and stars, many objects are found in space. Some rocks found in the solar system are called asteroids. The rocks between Mars and Jupiter make up the asteroid belt. A comet is a bright speeding heavenly body that travels around the Sun. It is made up of ice, gas and dust. It forms a bright tail when it is close to the Sun. A famous comet is the Halley’s Comet. It takes about 75 years to travel around the solar system and pass by the Earth. It was last seen in 1986. It will pass close to the Earth again in 2061. Understanding OUR UNIVERSE You are a part of your class; your class is a part of your school, and your school is a part of your city. Similarly, the Sun, the Earth and the other planets make up the solar system. 3 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 126

A galaxy is a vast collection of gas, dust and of stars and their planetary systems. There are uncountable galaxies. All these galaxies are a part of the universe. The name of our galaxy is the Milky Way galaxy. OUR LIVING WORLD The Earth is the only planet which supports life. This is a special characteristic of the Earth. What makes it possible for living things to be on the Earth? Planets like Mercury and Venus are very close to the Sun and very hot. Venus is the hottest planet of our solar system. Its atmosphere traps the heat of the Sun, Position of the Earth in the making it so hot. As we go farther and solar system farther away from the Sun, the planets become cooler. Neptune is the coldest planet in our solar system. Since the Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives the right amount of light and heat. There is also plenty of water on Earth. Water, air and heat are needed for living things to grow. This is why the Earth is called the ‘living planet’. Application For hundreds of years, people have Yuri Gagarin Rakesh Sharma wanted to explore space. Long ago, people could only look at the sky and try to study it. The first person to travel into space was Yuri Gagarin from Russia (formerly known as the USSR) in 1961. Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to travel into space. The Moon is the only heavenly body that people have travelled to. The Solar System 4 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 127 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM

Artificial satellites sent into space help us learn about our Mangalyaan neighbouring planets and heavenly bodies. Example: Mangalyaan was sent to study Mars in 2013 by India. It takes photographs of Mars and the space around it. Mangalyaan became famous as it was successful on the first try. Space exploration is expensive and dangerous. So, all missions have to be very well-planned. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Solve these riddles. 1)  I am a ball-shaped natural object found in space. I shine with my own light. What am I? Ans. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2)   I am a group of rocks found between Mars and Jupiter. What am I? Ans. _______________________________________________________________________________ Amazing Facts The Earth has one moon. Did you know that Jupiter has many moons? Scientists say that Jupiter has 79 moons! New Words 1) heavenly bodies – the natural objects found in space 2) reflect – throw back the same light 3) universe – the name given to the great collection of all living things, planets, stars, satellites, galaxies and so on 4) explore – find out more about something 5) expensive – something that costs a lot of money 5 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 128

Lesson The Shape of the Earth 2 Let Us Learn About R  the shape of the Earth and its movements. U why the Earth is an oblate sphere. A how we can prove the shape of the Earth. h other planets in the solar system. Think Rashi is reading a book about the Earth. She tells Meher about a famous astronomer named Johannes Kepler. Meher: Who is an astronomer, Rashi? Rashi: An astronomer is a person who studies stars, planets and other objects in space. Meher: Wow! Tell me what you read about Kepler? Rashi: It was Johannes Kepler, who discovered that the Johannes Kepler Earth travels around the Sun. Meher: Wow! QQ. What does an astronomer study? (A) oceans (B) people’s futures (C) s tars, planets and other (D) plants and animals objects in space NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 129 6 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM

Remembering THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH The shape of the Earth The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the only planet in the solar system where life exists. The Earth is spherical in shape. It is flattened at the top and bulging near the middle. This shape is known as an oblate sphere. There is an imaginary line that runs through the Earth, from top to bottom, known as the axis. The Earth spins on its axis. The axis of the Earth is slightly tilted. The Earth also travels around the Sun in a fixed path called the orbit. MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH There are two different movements of the Earth. They are The Earth with an axis rotation and revolution. Rotation Revolution The spinning of the Earth around its axis The movement of the Earth around the is called rotation. Sun in a fixed path is called revolution. The Earth takes about 24 hours to The Earth takes 365 1/4 days to complete complete one rotation. one revolution around the Sun. The rotation of the Earth causes days The revolution of the Earth causes and nights. seasons and years. The rotation of the Earth The revolution of the Earth around the Sun 7 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 130

Understanding FIRST PROOF OF THE EARTH’S SHAPE When we stand in an open field, the Earth looks flat. But we know that the Earth is shaped somewhat like a ball. Then, why does it appear flat to us? In ancient times, people believed that the Earth was flat. They thought that if they kept sailing in one direction for a long time, they would fall off the edge of the Earth! Many years ago, an explorer named Ferdinand Magellan began sailing west from Spain. He, along with his team, continued sailing towards the west, until they came back to the same place from where they started. Their journey showed that it was not possible to fall off the Earth. Thus, it was proved that the Earth is round in shape. A painting imagining the Ferdinand Magellan edge of a flat Earth Application Ship at sea WAYS TO PROVE THE EARTH’S SHAPE The following ways can be used to see the curved shape of the Earth. From the Earth’s surface: The line where the sky and the Earth appear to meet is called the horizon. When we use binoculars to look at ships at sea, they appear to ‘sink’ below The Shape of the Earth 8 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 131 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM

the horizon. As they sail away from us, they go across the curve of the Earth’s surface. From a great height: The International Space Station (ISS) orbits the Earth from a distance of about 350 km. From this distance, the curve of the Earth can be seen. From space: An astronaut can see the complete shape of the Earth from the Moon or from space. This is because the Moon is at an average distance of 3,84,400 km away from the Earth. Earth as seen from near the Earth as seen International Space Station (ISS) from space Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) 1)  Look at the given picture. It shows the sizes of the Sun, the Earth, the Moon and other planets. • Which planet is the largest? • Which planet is the smallest? • W hat can you observe about the shapes of the planets? 9 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 132

Amazing Facts This is a famous picture called ‘Earthrise’. It shows the view of the Earth from the Moon’s surface. It was shot in 1968 by William Anders. It is one of the most famous pictures in the history of space travel. New Words 1) spherical – shaped like a ball 2) bulging – sticking out 3) axis – an imaginary line about which a body rotates 4) orbit – a fixed path along which a planet or a heavenly 5) explorer body travels – a person who travels through unknown lands to learn 6) imagining 7) binoculars more about them – forming a picture in mind – a tool used to see distant objects more clearly The Shape of the Earth 10 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 133 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM

Lesson Using and Making Maps 3 Let Us Learn About R maps and what we can see on a map. U how a map is made and its uses. A how and where maps are used. h making a map. Think Rashi, Meher and their families are going for a wedding. Mrs Jain: Do you know where the wedding hall is? Mrs Irani: It is called J K Hall. It is near Grant Road. Mr Irani: I have never heard of J K Hall. But, I do know how to reach Grant Road. Meher: Look! There is a picture on the invitation card. A map It shows us where the J K Hall is. Mr Jain: Very good, Meher! You have found a map. It will tell us where to go. QQ. W hat do we call a picture that shows us where a place is? (A) a map (B) a drawing (C) a page (D) an invitation 11 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 134

Remembering A crow flies high over Meher’s school. It can see the tops of buildings, the roads and the playground. Look at what the crow can see. A view from top A picture of the view from top When we draw a picture of this view, it is a map. A map is a drawing of a place on a flat surface as seen from a position above the place. It uses place names, signs, and colours to show information. We can make a map of any place in the world. We can even draw the map of Meher’s classroom. Imagine that the classroom has no ceiling. This way we can look down into the room and see the tops of different objects. Let us make some signs to show these things in the classroom. The signs used on a map are called symbols. Object Symbol Object Symbol Teacher’s table Blackboard Students’ desks and Cupboard chairs window Dustbin Window Symbols used for different objects Using and Making Maps 12 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 135 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM

We can use these symbols to make a map. Look at the given map of a classroom. Using the list of symbols on the previous page, can you point out the objects shown on the map? Maps are of many kinds. They can be a map or a plan of a house, a route map, or a map of a country. The signs or symbols used in maps depend A map of a classroom on the type of the map. Some maps also use different colours to show different information. The symbols, colours and what they show is explained in the key or legend. Look at the maps shown below. Key 1)  A map or plan of a house with the key. Door Window 2)  A map showing the route with the key. Sofa Sink / Chair Commode Key Position/Location Roads Path to use 13 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 136

3)  A map showing the states and capitals in India. Using and Making Maps 14 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 137 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM

Directions are also important for maps. They make it easier to locate Directions places and follow routes. Look at the map on page 14. The arrow with the letter ‘N’ shows the north. North is one of the four main directions. The other main directions are east (E), south (S) and west (W). They are used to find the position or location of a place on a map. A compass is an instrument used to show the four directions. Understanding USING MAPS We look at a place from above to make a map. Maps show us the top view of a place. Maps also help us to locate our position. How do we do this? We point out landmarks on a map. A landmark is a building or object that is easy to locate from a distance. It helps people know where they are. We can decide which way to go using landmarks. Look at the map below. The bookshop can be a landmark. Rashi and Meher are going to the park. In which direction should they turn from the bookshop? 15 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 138

Some maps show a large area. This means that only a few important things are marked on them. Example: the map of India. We cannot see our house or school on a map of India. Some maps show us every small thing in a place. Example: A map of your neighbourhood would show every building and shop. These maps need correct measurements. We need to measure the space between two places or objects. Measurements help to mark the correct positions of things on a map. Straight lines drawn on a map divide it into many equal parts. We can use these parts to find a place or object quickly. The map given below has been divided into equal parts. Can you name the parts? Some parts have been named for you. Study each part of the map carefully and answer the following questions. 1)  In which part is the building with the blue windows located? 2)  What colour is the building in A1? 3)  Where is the sign with the directions placed on the map? Using and Making Maps 16 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 139 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM

Application MAKING MAPS EASY TO USE Imagine you have two maps — Map A and Map B. Map A is as big as your classroom. When it is opened, it covers the entire floor. Map B is as big as the page of this book. Map B will be easier to use. A map needs to be easy to use. Yet, the measurements need to be correct. How can this be done? Large measurements are changed to smaller ones. This makes a map smaller and easier to use. 1cm Example: The distance from the bookshop to the park is 1km 1 kilometre. On the map, it can be shown as 1 centimetre. Scale of a map The distance from the park to Meher’s school is 10 kilometres. On a map, it can be shown as 10 centimetres. This is called the scale of the map. Now, we can use maps on mobile phones. We decide the area we want to see using these maps. To see more details we zoom in. To see a large area, we zoom out. Some maps also allow us to see what the roads look like in different places. These maps do not show the top view. They show what a person sees if they stand on the road. Street view of a road on a smartphone Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) 1)  M ake a map of your house. Draw symbols to show all the furniture. Ask members of your family to show you the north, south, east and west in your house. 17 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 140

Amazing Facts There is a magical map in the Harry Potter books. It is a map of Harry Potter’s school. Not only does it show the rooms in the school but also who is in each room. New Words 1) view – what can be seen from a certain point 2) route – the way or path taken from one place to another 3) state – a region of India with its own capital city 4) neighbourhood – the area around one’s house Using and Making Maps 18 NR_BGM_9789386663191 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 1_Text.pdf 141 1/7/2019 2:17:44 PM

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