181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text

Hello! I am Julie. Namaskaram, I am Lakshmi. • Goa • English, Konkani and some • Karnataka Portuguese • Kannada • cotton pants and shirt • vindaloo – meat in a curry • sari • bisi bele bhath – rice cooked with spices and dals Vanakkam! I am Karthik. Write about yourself here: • Tamil Nadu • Tamil and English • ______________________ Paste a • mundu • ______________________ picture of • idli • ______________________ yourself in • ______________________ traditional clothes here. ______________________ ______________________ In India, people often speak more than one language. People who can speak two languages are called bilingual. People who can speak three or more languages are called multilingual. Most Indians are bilingual, and many are multilingual. The different languages, types of food and clothing make India diverse. Diversity means a ‘variety or range of different things’. REASONS FOR DIVERSITY India has cold mountains in the north and warm plains in the south. We have dry heat in the west and humidity in the east. The climate and natural regions affect the culture of each region. United We Stand - I 5 51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 101 2/15/2018 10:16:32 AM

Climate and natural regions affect the crops grown. The staple diet or main food depends on what is easily available. It also affects the clothing of different regions. It is cold in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and so on. Clothing: People use warm, woollen clothing. Kashmiri Pashmina shawls and shawls from Nagaland and Manipur are famous. Food: Seasonal fruits and vegetables are used to make food. Meat is popular too. In the desert of Rajasthan and Gujarat, it is either very hot or very cold. There are very few trees, plants and flowers found. Clothing: Clothes are made from light cotton cloth. They are bright and colourful. Mirrors are used to decorate clothes. Woollen shawls are used to keep warm. Food: Meat is popular in the desert. In the plains, highlands and plateaus, the climate is good for agriculture. Many grains are grown. Clothing: People wear cotton dhotis, kurtas and saris in the warm season and warm clothes in the colder season. Food: Grains, seasonal fruits and vegetables are used. It is hot and humid in the coastal regions of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal. Clothing: People wear cotton mundus, dhotis and saris. These loose cotton clothes do not stick to the body. Food: Fish is an important part of the staple diet. Rice grows as well. Hence people make many dishes from rice. 6 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM 51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 102

Application 1) Which languages are hidden in these jumbled letters? • UNPBIAJ – _____________________ • UUDR – _____________________ • IDHNI – _____________________ • DOOB – _____________________ 2) You read about the following people in the table. Find out about the languages they speak. Tick those who are bilingual. Circle those who are multilingual. Savita Karthik Lakshmi Julie Akavi Murali Afshan How many languages do you speak? Are you bilingual? Are you multilingual? Indians are diverse. Yet, we are part of one big country. This is why people say India has unity in diversity. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) 1) Choose any two states along with a partner. Find out:    •   their official languages.    •   one traditional food item from each state. Find a picture of the traditional clothes worn in those states. Make a chart and compare them. Try to find a partner who is from another state. United We Stand - I 7 51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 103 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM

Amazing Facts There are more than 100 ways to wear a sari. Here are four popular ways. New Words 1) vegetarian – of the type who do not eat meat 2) ancestor – those members of a particular group who have lived and died many, many years ago 3) majority – most of a certain group 4) tradition - a way of thinking, behaving, or doing something that has been used by the people in a particular group for a long time. 5) humidity – the amount of water (vapour) in the air 6) climate – the usual weather conditions of a place 7) unity – being together; feeling like a part of one group 8 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM 51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 104

Lesson United We Stand - II 5 Let Us Learn About 5.1 R communities and some major communities of India. U the reasons for celebrating festivals. A how communities are created. h my classroom community. Concept 5.1: Communities and Festivals Think Rashi: Meher, I’m sorry I fought with you three months ago. an agiary a derasar Meher: Oh! You said sorry that same day. Why are you saying sorry again today? Rashi: Today is ‘Paryushana Parva’. On this day, we, Jains, say sorry for the wrong things we did. We do this every year. It usually falls in August or September. Do Parsis do special things like this? Meher: Of course, we do! We just celebrated Parsi New Year – or Nowruz. Mom had the whole house cleaned. On this day, we go to the agiary to pray. Rashi: A Jain temple is a derasar. So, an agiary is a Parsi temple, correct? Meher: Yes, you’re right. Also, Rashi, I forgive you for that fight. Rashi: Oh thank you, Meher! 51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 105 9 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM

QQ. Meher and Rashi are talking about: (A) their hobbies (B) their family celebrations (C) their classmates (D) their experiences at school Remembering India has many different communities. They have different languages, food and clothing habits. They also practise various forms of art. This includes music, dance, drama, drawing, painting and writing. Objects made from different materials is also a form of art. A community is a group of people who share a common culture. COMMUNITIES IN INDIA People from a place form the community of that place. People from Mumbai form Mumbai’s community. Communities from the same place usually share the same language. People who speak Assamese form the Assamese community. FOLLOWERS OF THE A religious community has people who follow MAJOR RELIGIONS OF INDIA the same religion. Some religions practised across India are: • Hinduism ● Islam • Buddhism ● Jainism • Christianity ● Zoroastrianism • Sikhism People of the same religion usually celebrate the same festivals. FESTIVALS A festival is a celebration of an event. We can learn about a community’s culture and traditions through its festivals. 10 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM 51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 106

Understanding Different communities celebrate different festivals throughout the year. Many festivals are celebrated with new clothes, special food and traditional dances. NATIONAL FESTIVALS Two days are very important in all parts of India: Republic Day Republic Day and Independence Day. Republic Day is celebrated on 26th January. Independence Day is celebrated on 15th August. They remind us of the people who made India a free country. There are other national festivals as well. SPECIAL OCCASIONS Festivals are celebrated to remember the birthdays of important people. Date Special occasion Why is it celebrated? 14th April Ambedkar Jayanti Dr B R Ambedkar was the first law minister of independent India. 5th September Teacher’s Day S Radhakrishnan was a President of India. He dreamed of excellent teachers in India. 2nd October Gandhi Jayanti M K Gandhi helped India become a free country. 14th November Children’s Day J Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He believed children were very important for India. RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS Many festivals celebrate the harvest season. Crops are gathered from the fields at the time of harvest. Harvest festival Community Baisakhi people of Punjab Holi people of Uttar Pradesh and many other states of India Navratri people of Gujarat, Rajasthan and many other states of India Onam people of Kerala Pongal people of Tamil Nadu United We Stand - II 11 51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 107 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM

The New Year’s days for different communities are also important festivals. Name of the festival Community Gudi Padwa people of Maharashtra Muharram Muslim community Ugadi people of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Nowruz Parsi community Some festivals celebrate the end of a long religious period. Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan. Eid-ul-Fitr celebrates the end of Ramadan. Christians fast during the period of Lent. At the end of Lent, Easter is celebrated. Can you guess what festivals are shown in the images? Fill in the blanks. __hi__d__e__’s Da__ B__i__a__h__ G__d__ Pa__w__ Events in the lives of gods and goddesses are also celebrated. For Hindus, Bonalu, Durga Puja and Ganesh Chaturthi celebrate visits of gods to the Earth. Durga Puja and Dussehra are celebrated to mark good winning over evil. 25th December – Christmas – is an important celebration for Christians. It marks the birthday of Jesus Christ. These are very few Indian festivals. There are many, many more. Do you know of any other festivals of India? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 12 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM 51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 108

Application You can belong to many communities at the same time. Example: You can be a Bengali Christian, a Bihari Muslim or a Sikh Tamil. Many people move from one state to another. Your parents or grandparents might have been from a different state. You may feel like you belong to your old state as well as your new state. People who share the same interests form communities. They celebrate their own festivals. People who love reading can form one community. People who love football can form another community. A person can thus, belong to more than one community. Nowadays, people with similar interests create communities even on the internet. They share their ideas and experiences. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Discuss the following with a partner. Make a booklet with their information and photographs. Use the following points. An example has been provided for you. • language or languages he or she speaks • his or her family’s religion • state or region his or her ancestors belonged to • two hobbies • his or her favourite actor or actress Were there any similarities or differences between you and your classmate? United We Stand - II 13 51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 109 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM

Amazing Facts In a place called Lopburi in Thailand, there is a festival for monkeys. People leave fruits and treats on the road for monkeys to eat. Thousands of monkeys come to Lobpuri to eat these fruits. People believe these monkeys bring good luck. New Words 1) fast – to not eat for a certain period 14 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM 51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 110

51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 111 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM

51704995_BGM_181910053-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 2_Text.pdf 112 2/15/2018 10:16:33 AM