242510196-ASCEND-STUDENT-TEXTBOOK-EVS_II-G03-PART2

Ascend EVS-II G3 TB Part 2_NS.pdf 1 8/2/2023 11:55:21 AM 3Grade ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-II TEXTBOOK Part - 2 Name: _________________________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: ______________ School: ________________________________________

TEXTBOOK FEATURES Art-Integrated Learning There are more than 100 ways to wear a sari. Here are four popular ways. Lesson plans provided for art-integrated learning 8 Life Skills Be Amazed Activity and project-based learning for deeper exploration and critical engagement with the Fascinating facts and trivia concepts learned related to the concept Student Reflection Captures student's perception of their understanding of a lesson I Explore Machines sent into space help us learn about our 7 Encourages students to extend neighbouring planets the concept learned to advanced and heavenly bodies. application scenarios Example: Mangalyaan was sent to study Mars in The Northern The Coastal Plains 2013 by India. Mountains What things would you carry with I Apply you when you visit the region? Focuses on the application of 6 the concepts and connects the concepts to real-life scenarios 1I Will Learn About What is the Earth? Indicates the learning outcomes to be covered in the lesson (A) a star (B) a planet maps and what we can see on a map (C) a satellite (D) an asteroid how a map is used how a map is made I Think making a map Introduces the concept SKILL-BASED 2and arouses curiosity about it among students Nameslip_PPS_V2_G3_SST_TB.indd 2 7/11/2023 3:10:59 PM

English Fun Encourage your child to find the start and end points of a journey on a map. Archaeologists and historians When you travel, show them the road have been able to read the you will take using maps on your ancient languages, except mobile phone. one. No one can read the language of the Indus Valley A Note to Parent Civilization yet. Ideas to engage parents in Connect the Dots out-of-classroom learning of their child to reinforce the A multidisciplinary section to connect the lesson theme with 10concepts other subjects 9 1) Name two occupations where A collection of many planetary people make things. systems and clouds of gas and dust is called a galaxy. There are countless 2) What does a factory worker do? g.alaxies. The name of our galaxy is the Milky Way. All these galaxies are Train My Brain a part of the universe. 5 Checks for understanding to gauge I Understand the level of comprehension among students on an on-going basis Explains the sub-concepts that form the basis of the Early human beings lived in groups. They used leaves and animal skins to cover themselves. They 4concept in detail used the parts of the animals that they hunted in different ways. INQUIRY-BASED I Remember Concepts organised using a question-answer approach to foster a mindset of inquiry and 3 Introduces new concepts by reasoning building on the prerequisite knowledge or skills required Reflection Time! to understand the concept Thought-provoking questions to encourage reflection on the concept and on how it is related to the student's life, experiences and the world around Nameslip_PPS_V2_G3_SST_TB.indd 3 7/19/2023 10:15:24 AM

CONTENTS 7) India's Location and Physical Features Art-Integrated Learning Skill-Based 01 Theme Geography 8) Languages, Food and Clothing Art-Integrated Learning Skill-Based 09 9) Communities and Festivals Theme Inquiry-Based 18 Unity in Diversity Nameslip_PPS_V2_G3_SST_TB.indd 4 7/13/2023 11:29:41 AM

10) The Solar System Skill-Based 23 Art-Integrated Learning Theme Geography 11) Our Occupations Inquiry-Based 29 Theme Art-Integrated Learning Introduction to the Indian Scenario Life Skills 32 Student Reflection 34 Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 5 7/11/2023 1:27:07 PM

CLASSKLAP AND NCF Education plays a crucial role in shaping the future of our children and 251 empowering them to become well-rounded individuals. The latest National 4 3 Curriculum Framework (NCF), furthering the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, focuses on fostering creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills while also nurturing values of inclusivity, collaboration and democratic citizenship. The development of foundational literacy and numeracy is also a core goal of the NCF. ClassKlap by Eupheus partners with schools, supporting them through the steps of planning, teaching, learning, personal revision and assessment to equip students with the desired knowledge and skills relevant to the 21st century. The present series is a learning resource that not only meets the requirements of the NCF but also engages and captivates young minds. Here are some salient features of this series. NCF-aligned learning tool Description Skill-based lessons in textbook and workbook Lessons are structured as per Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy Inquiry-based lessons (Remember-Understand-Apply-Analyse-Evaluate-Create) and LSRW in textbook and (Listening-Speaking-Reading-Writing) skills for English. workbook Lessons are structured based on a Socratic approach using a Highlight features question-answer format, aiming at discovery-based learning as per NCF guidelines. Exploratory activities in the workbook facilitate holistic Practice Worksheets learning of the skills and concepts and foster a sense of curiosity and exploration among students. Features such as Poetry Appreciation, Maths Lab, Think Like a Scientist, Life Skills and others help learners engage in research, application-oriented learning and the development of scientific temper; Student Reflection sheets foster the skill of reflecting on one’s own learning progress. Practice Worksheets are aligned with the goals of sharpening critical thinking, evidence-based thinking and higher-order thinking skills, as per NCF guidelines. The books contain the following overarching features recommended in the NCF: a logical and spiralling progression of frameworks adopted for Grammar, Maths and EVS inclusive representation of gender and diversity for the heterogeneous Indian classroom learner-centred content, vibrant illustrations, diagrams and photographs along with age-appropriate language a variety of question types with scaffolded and independent practice to meet the needs of different students We are confident that this series will serve as a valuable tool to accomplish the aims of the NCF and help transform teaching-learning in classrooms. We sincerely hope that our young learners develop genuine curiosity and love for learning. Nameslip_PPS_V2_G3_SST_TB.indd 6 7/21/2023 6:21:38 PM

7 India’s Location and Physical Features I Will Learn the location of India About the six regions of India how physical features affect the lives of people comparing two regions of India I Think Rashi has seen a picture of an animal that looks different from the Goats in Ladakh ones that she has seen so far. She wants to tell Meher about it. Rashi: Meher! Look at this picture of a goat. Meher: That is not a goat! It looks so different from the goats in Pune. Maybe Morad will know more about this goat. Meher and Rashi take the picture to Morad. Morad: This is a mountain goat. It is found in Leh in the Ladakh region. Rashi: It looks so different from the goats we see in Pune. Goats in Pune Q. W hy do the goats found in Ladakh look different from the ones found in Pune? (A) the climate of Ladakh and (B) Ladakh is not an Pune is different important city (C) Pune is closer to Mumbai, a big city (D)  there is no water in Ladakh Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 1 1 7/11/2023 1:27:10 PM

I Remember Just as the states are located in India, India is situated in the continent of Asia. It is the third-largest country in Asia. India measures about 3,214 kilometres from north to south. The length from west to east is about 2,933 kilometres. India is surrounded by eight neighbouring countries. • Afghanistan • Pakistan • China • Nepal • Bhutan • Bangladesh • Myanmar • Sri Lanka PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA To the north, India is surrounded by the Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain range. To the south, east and west, India is surrounded by water. There is a lot of variety in India’s physical features. Based on its physical features, India can be divided into six regions. • the Northern Mountains Physical features include • the Northern Plains landforms, water bodies, • the Great Indian Desert and soil. • the Peninsular Plateau Plains, mountains, plateaus, • the Coastal Plains deserts and islands are • the Islands examples of landforms. 2 India’s Location and Physical Features Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 2 7/11/2023 1:27:10 PM

India’s Location and Physical Features 3 Visa_G3_SST_L07_TB_Part 1_V1.indd 3 7/20/2023 3:54:16 PM

I Understand THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS The Northern Mountains form a boundary between India and China. They are also known as the Himalayan Mountains. Many important rivers start from the Himalayas. Example: Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra Some cities and states located in the Northern Mountains Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir Dehradun, Uttarakhand Shimla, Himachal Pradesh Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh Gangtok, Sikkim THE NORTHERN PLAINS This region lies to the south of the Himalayan Mountains. The river Ganga flows through the Northern Plains. Hence, the region is also known as the Gangetic Plain. The river Yamuna also flows through this region. These rivers have made the Northern Plains excellent for farming. Delhi, our capital, is located in the Northern Plains. Some cities and states located in the Northern Plains Rohtak, Haryana Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh Patna, Bihar THE GREAT INDIAN DESERT This region is also known as the Thar Desert. Here, the summers are very hot and the winters very cold. This region receives very little rainfall. Some cities and states located in the Great Indian Desert Jaisalmer, Rajasthan Bikaner, Rajasthan THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU The Peninsular Plateau is the largest region in India. It is triangular in shape. It is called so because it covers most of the Indian peninsula. The river Narmada divides the Peninsular Plateau into two parts – the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. 4 India’s Location and Physical Features Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 4 7/11/2023 1:27:10 PM

The Central Highlands lie to the north of the river Narmada. Chambal, Betwa and Son are some rivers that flow through this region. The Deccan Plateau lies to the south of the Central Highlands. It covers most parts of southern India. Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri are the three main rivers of the Deccan Plateau. Some cities and states located in the Central Highlands Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh Some cities and states located on the Deccan Plateau Bengaluru, Karnataka Hyderabad, Telangana Nagpur, Maharashtra THE COASTAL PLAINS In India, there are two long stretches of coastal plains. They run along the east and the west coasts of India. They are called the Eastern Coastal Plains and the Western Coastal Plains, respectively. These plains are popular for fishing. Some cities and states located in the Coastal Plains Chennai, Tamil Nadu Puri, Odisha Mumbai, Maharashtra Panaji, Goa THE ISLANDS India has two groups of islands. They are located on either side of the coastal plains. The Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea, next to the Western Coastal Plains. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal, next to the Eastern Coastal Plains. The islands are known for their natural beauty. Train My Brain 1) What is a ‘plain’? 2) What are the Eastern Coastal Plains? India’s Location and Physical Features 5 Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 5 7/11/2023 1:27:10 PM

I Apply EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL FEATURES ON PEOPLE, PLANTS AND ANIMALS The Northern Mountains It is difficult to build roads through the mountains. So, there are very few roads in the Northern Mountains. People living here normally use mules for travelling. The ice-covered Himalayas make this region very Mules carrying loads cold. Therefore, the animals found in this region have thick fur. The Northern Plains The Northern Plains is flat and has many rivers. So, crops grow well. Many people practise farming in this region. They grow crops such as rice, wheat and sugarcane. Many cities are located on the banks of these Banks of the Ganga in Haridwar rivers. Some of these cities are holy places for many people in India. Example: Haridwar, Ayodhya, Varanasi The Great Indian Desert The hump of a camel Deserts get very little rain. So, people have to walk long distances to get water. Food is scarce in this region. So, animals have special organs to store food. Example: Camels store their food in humps. A camel I Explore You can see pictures of two different regions on the next page. • Which region would you like to visit? • What things would you carry with you when you visit the region? • What activities would you like to do in this region? 6 India’s Location and Physical Features Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 6 7/11/2023 1:27:11 PM

The Northern Mountains The Coastal Plains Be Amazed Many rare animals live in the waters surrounding the Indian Peninsula. One such animal is the ‘dugong’. Some dugongs are also called sea cows. They eat grass growing in seas. Connect the Dots English Fun Which words rhyme with the following? • hill • plain • mountain • lake • river Science Fun This is a picture of a cactus plant. It grows in deserts. The green fleshy parts are not the leaves. They make the stem of the plant. The cactus requires very little water to stay alive. India’s Location and Physical Features 7 Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 7 7/11/2023 1:27:12 PM

A Note to Parent Discuss the physical features of your hometown with your child. Discuss the local vegetables and fruits available. Also do this when you go anywhere for a vacation. Point out to them the various landforms, vegetation and climate of the region. New Words 1) climate – the weather of a place over a long period 2) continent – a large mass of land 3) peninsular – of a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides 4) coastal – of land right next to a sea or an ocean 5) plain – a low, flat land 6) plateau – a raised land with a flat top 7) desert – a dry land covered with sand and rocks with few plants 8) island – an area of land surrounded by water 9) peninsula – a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides 10) mule – an animal that has a horse and a donkey as parents 11) scarce – very less 12) hump – a rounded fleshy bump on the back of a camel 13) rare – not found easily; not common 8 India’s Location and Physical Features Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 8 7/11/2023 1:27:12 PM

8 Languages, Food and Clothing I Will Learn culture, languages, clothing and food habits of About different people of India diversity and how natural regions and climate affect culture ‘unity in diversity’ in India how the cultures of different states are similar and different I Think The Jain family is having lunch with the Irani family. Meher: Rashi, would you like to taste this patrani machchi? It is a famous Parsi fish dish. Rashi: I am sure it is very tasty. But, I am vegetarian! The whole Jain family is vegetarian. Meher: Wow! That is interesting. We know very few vegetarian families. Most of our Parsi families and friends love patrani machchi and mutton dhansak. Rashi: Have you noticed that we speak different Patrani machchi languages at home as well? You speak Gujarati, and I speak Marwari. Yet, we live in one country. Meher: We are so different and similar at the same time! Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 9 9 7/11/2023 1:27:13 PM

Q. What can be said about the Irani and Jain families? (A)  They are both vegetarian. (B)  They both enjoy non-vegetarian food. (C)  Both families speak the same languages. (D)  The Iranis and the Jains speak different languages. I Remember India is one country with many different cultures. People living in different parts of India speak different languages, eat many types of food and wear special clothes. Let us learn more about these different ways of living. LANGUAGES Hindi and English are the official languages of the central government. Official languages are used by governments for their work. States choose their own official languages. The 22 official languages used in India are as follows: • Assamese • Bengali • Bodo • Dogri • Gujarati • Hindi • Kannada • Kashmiri • Konkani • Maithili • Malayalam • Manipuri • Marathi • Nepali • Oriya • Punjabi • Sanskrit • Santhali • Sindhi • Tamil • Telugu • Urdu Other than these, there are about 1600 languages in The language, food, India. Example: Bhojpuri, Tulu, Lepcha, Marwari and clothing and other habits many more. Do you speak a language that is not on of a group of people is this list? What is it? called their culture. 10 Languages, Food and Clothing Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 10 7/11/2023 1:27:14 PM

Look at the map. It shows only languages used by the majority of people in different regions. Languages, Food and Clothing 11 Visa_G3_SST_L08_TB_Part 2_V1.indd 11 7/20/2023 4:04:01 PM

DIFFERENT STYLES OF LIVING Indians have different kinds of food and clothing too. Read about these people from different parts of India. Find which state they live in 1, their language 2, their clothes 3and their favourite food 4. Find them and their families on the map given on page 3. Assalam alaykum! I am Afshan. Khamma ghani, I am Murali. 1 Jammu and Kashmir 1 Rajasthan 2 Kashmiri and Urdu 2 Hindi and Rajasthani 3 pheran 3 bright turban, cotton 4 kulcha and rogan josh angarakha and dhoti 4 dal baati Salemu! I am Akavi. Namaskar, I am Savita. 1 Nagaland 1 Maharashtra 2 Ao and English 2 Marathi 3 p arkar polka 3 woollen shawl 4 bhakari (like a roti) and 4 m eat, fish, rice and bharit (made from brinjal) vegetables with tathu (tathu is a chutney) 12 Languages, Food and Clothing Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 12 7/11/2023 1:27:19 PM

Hello! I am Julie. Namaskaram, I am Lakshmi. 1 Goa 1 Karnataka 2 English, Konkani and 2 Kannada 3 s ari Portuguese 4 b isi bele bhath – rice 3 cotton frock cooked with spices 4 vindaloo – meat in a curry and dals Vanakkam! I am Karthik. Write about yourself below. 1 Tamil Nadu 1 ______________________ Paste a 2 Tamil and English 2 ______________________ picture of 3 mundu 3 ______________________ yourself in 4 idli 4 ______________________ traditional ______________________ clothes here. ______________________ In India, people often speak more than one language. People who can speak two languages are called bilingual. People who can speak three or more languages are called multilingual. Most Indians are bilingual, and many are multilingual. I Understand The different languages, types of food and clothing make India diverse. Diversity means a ‘variety or range of different things’. REASONS FOR DIVERSITY India has cold mountains in the north and warm plains in the south. We have dry heat in the west and humidity in the east. The climate and physical features affect the culture of each region. Languages, Food and Clothing 13 Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 13 7/11/2023 1:27:23 PM

Climate and physical features also affect the crops grown. The staple diet or main food depends on what is easily available. Climate and physical features affect the clothing of different regions as well. DIVERSITY IN INDIA Climate: It is cold in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and so on. Clothing: People use warm, woollen clothing and Kashmiri pashmina shawls. Shawls from Nagaland and Manipur are famous. Food: Seasonal fruits and vegetables are used to make food. Meat is popular too. Climate: In the desert of Rajasthan and Gujarat, it is either very hot or very cold. There are very few trees, plants and flowers. Clothing: Clothes are made from light cotton cloth. They are bright and colourful. Mirrors are used to decorate clothes. Woollen shawls are used to keep warm during winters. Food: Bajra and meat are popular in the desert. Climate: In the plains, highlands and plateaus, the climate is good for agriculture. Many grains are grown here. Clothing: People wear cotton dhotis, kurtas and saris in the warm season and warm clothes in the colder season. Food: Grains, seasonal fruits and vegetables are used. Climate: It is hot and humid in the coastal regions of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal. Clothing: People wear cotton mundus, dhotis and saris. These loose cotton clothes do not stick to the body. Food: Fish is an important part of the staple diet. Rice grows as well. Hence, people make many dishes from rice. 14 Languages, Food and Clothing Visa_G3_SST_L08_TB_Part 2_V1.indd 14 7/20/2023 4:02:46 PM

Train My Brain 1) What does ‘majority’ mean? 2) Which food is popular in the mountains and deserts? I Apply Which languages are hidden in these jumbled letters? • UNPBIAJ – _____________________ • UUDR – _____________________ • IDHNI – _____________________ • DOOB – _____________________ Read about the following people in the table on pages 12 and 13. Find out about the languages they speak 2. Tick those who are bilingual. Circle those who are multilingual. Savita Karthik Lakshmi Julie Akavi Murali Afshan How many languages do you speak? Are you bilingual? Are you multilingual? Indians are diverse. At the same time, we are all united as people of India. We sing the same national anthem and celebrate the same national festivals such as Independence Day and Republic Day. All Indians are also united by the same constitution. The Constitution of India contains the laws followed in India. It states that all Indians are equal before the law. Thus, in India, there is unity in diversity. Languages, Food and Clothing 15 Visa_G3_SST_L08_TB_Part 2_V1.indd 15 7/20/2023 6:38:41 PM

I Explore 1) Choose any two states along with a partner. Find out the following. • the official languages in the states • one traditional food item from each state Find a picture of the traditional clothes worn in those states. Make a chart and compare them. Be Amazed There are more than 100 ways to wear a sari. Here are four popular ways. Connect the Dots Science Fun T he presence of very small living organisms can change the look, smell and feel of the food. This is called fermentation. Dishes such as idli are made with the fermented rice flour. English Fun Many words from Indian languages have become a part of English. The Gujarati word ‘bangalo’ is used in English and spelt as ‘bungalow’. It means a low-rising house, usually of one storey and with a large verandah. 16 Languages, Food and Clothing Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 16 7/11/2023 1:27:29 PM

A Note to Parent Organise a small fancy dress party for your child and their friends. Ask them to wear their traditional clothes to the party. Their parents can bring the food they have cooked at home. Enjoy the diversity of India through this event. New Words 1) unity – being together; feeling like a part of one group 2) vegetarian – of the people who do not eat meat 3) majority – most of a certain group 4) humidity – the amount of water (vapour) in the air 5) climate – the usual weather conditions of a place Languages, Food and Clothing 17 Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 17 7/11/2023 1:27:29 PM

9 Communities and Festivals Did you know that different communities celebrate different An agiary festivals throughout the year? For example, Jains say sorry for the wrong things they did on ‘Paryushana Parva’. Parsis celebrate Parsi New Year or Nowruz where they go to the ‘agiary’ to pray. But firstly, what is a community? A community is a group of people who share a common culture. India has many different communities. They have different languages, food and clothing habits. They also have various forms of art such as music, dance, drama, drawing, painting and writing. How are communities formed? Communities are formed in many ways. • People from a certain place form a community in that Fishing community place. For example, people from Mumbai form Mumbai’s in Assam community. • Communities from the same place may share the same language. For example, people who speak Assamese form the Assamese community. • People who share the same interests also form communities. People who love reading belong to a community of booklovers and those who love football belong to a community of football fans. 18 7/11/2023 1:27:30 PM Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 18

Nowadays, people with similar interests create communities even on the internet to share their ideas and stories with each other. People also form communities based on their religions. People of different religions What is a religious community? A religious community consists of people who follow the same religion. The following are some of the major religions practised across India: • Hinduism • Islam • Buddhism • Jainism • Christianity • Zoroastrianism • Sikhism Followers of the major religions of India Can one belong to more than one community? People can belong to many communities at the same time. For example, one can be a Bengali Christian, a Bihari Muslim or a Tamil Buddhist. Many people move from one state to another. Their parents or grandparents might have been from a different state. They may feel like they belong to both their old state and their new state. What is a festival? A festival is a celebration of an event. We can learn about a community’s culture and traditions through its festivals. Different communities celebrate different festivals throughout the year. Many festivals are celebrated with new clothes, special food and traditional dances. Festivals can be broadly divided into national, harvest and religious festivals. • India is often called the land of festivals. Can you name three festivals of India? • Which festival does your family celebrate in a grand manner? Communities and Festivals 19 Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 19 7/11/2023 1:27:31 PM

So, what are the national festivals that we celebrate in India? Three days in each year are very important in all parts of Republic Day parade India. They are celebrated as national festivals. They remind us of the people who made India a free country. Here are the dates on which these national festivals are celebrated. National festivals Celebrated on Republic Day 26 January Independence Day 15 August 2 October Gandhi Jayanti The following special days are also celebrated all over India to remember the birthdays of important people. Date Special day Why is it celebrated? 14 April Ambedkar Jayanti Dr B R Ambedkar was a freedom fighter who 5 September helped to make laws for India. 14 November Teachers’ Day S Radhakrishnan was the President of India. Children’s Day He dreamed of excellence among teachers in India. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He believed that children are very important for the country’s future. Shall we learn about harvest festivals next? Many festivals celebrate the harvest season. Crops are gathered from the fields at the time of harvest. Farmers celebrate these harvest festivals to thank nature for the crops. 20 Communities and Festivals Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 20 7/11/2023 1:27:31 PM

Below mentioned are some important harvest festivals celebrated in India. Harvest festivals Community that celebrates it Baisakhi Punjabi people Magh Bihu Assamese people Onam Malayali people Pongal Tamil people Aren’t you curious about religious festivals? Some festivals celebrate the end of a long religious period. Muslims fast1 Eid-ul-fitr during the month of Ramadan. Eid-ul-fitr celebrates the end of Ramadan. Some Christians fast during the period of Lent. After Lent ends, Easter is celebrated. Events in the lives of gods and goddesses are also celebrated. Bonalu, Diwali and Ganesh Chaturthi are celebrated by Hindus to mark the visits of gods and goddesses to Earth. Durga Puja and Dussehra are celebrated as a sign of good winning over evil. Christmas is an Diwali Durga Puja Christmas important celebration for Christians. It celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. The New Year’s days for different communities are also important festivals. Read about some of them below. Name of the New Year’s days Community that celebrates it Gudi Padwa Marathi and Kannada people Poila Boisakh Ugadi Bengali people Kannada, Andhra and Telugu people _____________________________________ 1 fast – not eat for a certain period of time Communities and Festivals 21 Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 21 7/11/2023 1:27:32 PM

Can you guess which festivals are shown in the given pictures? Fill in the blanks. __e__ub__i__ D__ __ B__i__a__h__ G__d__ Pa__w__ Reflection Time! 1) Which community or communities do you and your family belong to? (Think of the place you were born in, the place where you stay, the languages you speak, your religion and so on.) 2) If you had to form a community with some of your friends based on your interests, what would it be? 3) Do you think everyone should celebrate all festivals? 4) Are there any festivals that your family enjoys even though it isn’t a festival common to your community? 22 Communities and Festivals Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 22 7/11/2023 1:27:35 PM

10 The Solar System I Will Learn the solar system About h ow the solar system fits into the universe and why the Earth is a living planet space exploration solving riddles to identify heavenly bodies I Think The children and Mrs Irani are watching the night sky The night sky from their terrace. Mrs Irani: Look at the bright stars tonight. All these stars are far off in space. Rashi: But what is ‘space’? Morad: Space is the place beyond the Earth, where all the stars and planets are. Meher: What is the difference between a star and a planet? Is the Earth a star or a planet? Q. What is the Earth? (C)  a satellite (A)  a star (D)  an asteroid (B)  a planet Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 23 23 7/11/2023 1:27:36 PM

I Remember We live on a planet called Earth. It is a part of a large system called the solar system. Our solar system is made up of the Sun, eight planets and their satellites and other heavenly bodies. PLANETS A set of planets and heavenly bodies that A planet is a very big, ball-shaped object found constantly move in space. Look at the picture and find the planets around a star is called numbered as following. a planetary system. Our planetary system is 1) Mercury 2) Venus 3) Earth called the solar system. 4) Mars 5) Jupiter 6) Saturn 7) Uranus 8) Neptune Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and Jupiter is the largest. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system. Mars is also called the ‘red planet’. Saturn has rings of ice and dust around it. Uranus’ axis is very tilted. Fast storms blow on Neptune. Our solar system 24 The Solar System Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 24 7/11/2023 1:27:36 PM

STARS The planets continuously move around the Sun. The Sun is a star. A star is a burning, ball-shaped object in space. It is made up of gas. It shines with its own light. A star is very hot. We can feel the heat of the Sun on Earth. NATURAL SATELLITES A star The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth. A natural A planet with its satellite is a ball-shaped object which travels around a natural satellites planet. Natural satellites do not have their own light. So, why does the Moon shine? Point a torch at a mirror. You will see a light. However, it is not the mirror’s own light. The light from the torch is seen in the mirror. Natural satellites are like mirrors. They do not have their own light. They reflect the light of the stars. OTHER HEAVENLY BODIES In addition to planets and stars, many other objects are found in space. Some rocks found in the solar system are called asteroids. The rocks between Mars and Jupiter make up the asteroid belt. A comet is a bright, speeding heavenly body that is found in space. It is made up of ice, gas and dust. It forms a bright The asteroid belt tail when it is close to the Sun. Halley’s comet is a famous comet that takes about 75 years to travel around the Solar System and pass by the Earth. It was last seen in 1986. It will pass close to the Earth again in 2061. The Halley’s Comet 25 The Solar System 7/19/2023 10:27:08 AM Visa_G3_SST_L10_TB_Part 2_V1.indd 25

I Understand OUR UNIVERSE You are a part of your class; your class is a part of your school; and your school is a part of your city. Similarly, the Sun, the Earth and all the neighbouring planets make up the Solar System. A collection of many planetary systems and clouds of gas and dust is called a galaxy. There are countless galaxies in space. The name of our galaxy is the Milky Way Galaxy or Akash Ganga. All galaxies are a part of the universe. OUR LIVING WORLD Position of the Earth in the solar system The Earth is the only known planet where living things are found. What makes it possible for living things to be on Earth? The planets very close to the Sun are very hot. Venus is the hottest planet. Its atmosphere traps the heat of the Sun, making it the hottest planet. As we go farther and farther away from the Sun, the planets become cooler. Since the Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives the right amount of light and heat. There is also plenty of water on Earth. Water, air and heat are needed for living things to grow. This is why the Earth is called the ‘living planet’. Train My Brain 1) What do ‘heavenly bodies’ mean? 2) What is the name of our galaxy? 26 The Solar System Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 26 7/11/2023 1:27:40 PM

I Apply For hundreds of years, people wanted to explore space. Long ago, people could only look at the sky and try to study it. The first person to travel into space was Yuri Gagarin from Russia (formerly known as the USSR) in 1961. Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to travel into space in the year 1984. The Moon is the only heavenly body that people have travelled to. Machines sent into space help us learn about Yuri Gagarin Rakesh Sharma Mangalyaan our neighbouring planets and heavenly bodies. For example, Mangalyaan was sent to study Mars in 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It takes photographs of Mars and the space around it. Mangalyaan is famous as it was successful on the first try. Space exploration is expensive and dangerous. So, all missions have to be very well-planned. I Explore Solve these riddles. 1) I am a ball-shaped natural object found in space. I shine with my own light. What am I? Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 2) I am a group of rocks found between Mars and Jupiter. What am I? Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Be Amazed The Earth has one moon. Did you know that Jupiter has many moons? Scientists say that Jupiter has 79 moons! The Solar System 27 Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 27 7/11/2023 1:27:42 PM

Connect the Dots English Fun Write the English names of the following planets. Shani ― _________________________ Mangal ― _________________________ Budh ― _________________________ Shukra ― _________________________ Prithvi ― _________________________ Maths Fun Write the ordinal positions of the following planets. One has been done for you. Venus ― second Saturn ― _________________________ Neptune ― _________________________ A Note to Parent Information about space and the universe is constantly being updated. Encourage your child to read the newspaper and understand the new discoveries being made about space and our universe. New Words 1) heavenly bodies – the natural objects found in space 2) reflect – throw back the same light 3) neighbouring – very close to; next to; around 4) universe – all of space which includes the planets, stars, galaxies and the spaces between them 5) explore – to find out more about something 6) expensive – something that costs a lot of money 28 The Solar System Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 28 7/11/2023 1:27:43 PM

11 Our Occupations When we fall sick, who do we go to for help? We go to the doctor. Sometimes, the doctor prescribes medicines for us to take. We buy medicines from the chemist1. Greengrocers, doctors and chemists are occupations that people have. What is an occupation and how do people choose it? An occupation is the job or work that people do to earn money. People then use this money to buy things and pay bills. People choose their occupation according to the following: • their interests   • their education   • their skills2 For example, some people are interested in sports and fitness. They may become sportspersons or join the police or army. What are the different types of occupations? When people work, they either do some action or make something. For example, a teacher teaches, while a potter makes pots. Let us find out the differences between the ‘people who do’ and the ‘people who make’. _____________________________________ chemist1 – someone who sells medicines skills2 – an ability to do something well Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 29 29 7/11/2023 1:27:53 PM

People who do Their actions are the main part of their occupation. For example, sweepers sweep the streets to keep them clean. We can see the actions they do. We can see them working every day. For example, we can see a teacher teaching every day. Here are some more examples of occupations that involve people doing some actions: Policewoman Driver Greengrocer People who make They help us by creating or making things. For example, farmers grow the crops we eat. We can see, touch, feel or use the things they make. They may take days, weeks or even months to make things. For example, farmers take about 100 days to grow onions. Here are some more examples of occupations that involve people making things: Factory worker Chef Carpenter Construction worker What kind of occupations do your parents have? Are they people who do or people who make? There are many occupations that people can choose to do. Occupations can change with time and place. All occupations are equally important. We should respect all the people who do or make different things. Sit with a partner and name as many occupations as you can turn by turn. Do not repeat an occupation that your partner has already named. Keep a count of how many occupations you are able to name. 30 Our Occupations Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 30 7/11/2023 1:27:59 PM

How have occupations changed over time? Over time, occupations have changed because of different reasons. Let us now look at some examples: A photographer New inventions: When new machines are invented, people who can use these machines are required. This means that new occupations are created. For example, after the camera was invented, people started working as camerapersons and photographers. Machines replacing jobs: Sometimes machines can do things Robots making cars faster than humans and without mistakes. So, very often a in a factory machine does the work instead of people. This means people have to leave that occupation. In many factories, cars are put together by robots. So, the people who put together cars had to change their jobs. A babysitter Changes in society: Sometimes people change the way they live. Such changes result in new occupations. For example, earlier, women used to remain at home and look after children. Now, they have started working. As a result, many people have started working as babysitters. An easier way of doing things: Sometimes, the occupation remains A note-counting the same. However, it is done differently. machine Earlier, cashiers working in banks used to count notes themselves. Now, banks have note-counting machines which cashiers use. Reflection Time! 1) We have learned about some occupations that have changed over time. Can you think of any more occupations that have changed? 2) Do you think that technology is making more occupations change? Can you think of any examples? 3) Are there some occupations in which there are more women than men? Which are those? Why do you think that is the case? 4) Can you choose any two occupations that you want to become good at? Why are you interested in these occupations? Our Occupations 31 Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 31 7/11/2023 1:27:59 PM

LIFE SKILLS Activity 1 Find out the names of the people who help you in your daily life and ask them questions to complete this table. People who Name Where they What they like What they help you come from about their dislike about work their work Doctor Domestic help Vegetable vendor Teacher 32 8/3/2023 10:39:14 AM Visa_G3_SST_NF_TB_Part 2_v2.indd 32

Activity 2 D uring festivals, relatives, friends and neighbours come together. However, sometimes our celebration causes trouble to others. For example, many people celebrate festivals by burning fire crackers. This makes the air dirty and troubles the people who are old and/or sick. Do you know if this happens in your neighbourhood too? Make a group with your friends, and create some slogans to make people aware of such problems. Let us make sure that everyone enjoys festivals. Activity 3 Make a 3D model of our solar system using waste materials. You can use things such as waste cardboard, old balls of different sizes and acrylic paint. Then, gather five amazing facts about the Solar System or the universe and paste them around or below your model. Life Skills 33 Ascend_G3_SST_Book_TB_Part 2.indb 33 7/11/2023 1:28:01 PM

Student Reflection Come to this page after you complete a lesson. Choose the smiley that shows how well you have understood the lesson. India's Location and Physical Features Languages, Food and Clothing Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all I need help with ..........………………...............……… I need help with ..........………………...............……… ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... …………………………………………............................ …………………………………………............................ Communities and Festivals The Solar System Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all I need help with ..........………………...............……… I need help with ..........………………...............……… ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... …………………………………………............................ …………………………………………............................ Our Occupations Very clear Clear Somewhat clear Not clear at all I need help with ..........………………...............……… ...................................................................................... What I liked about this lesson ................................... …………………………………………............................ 34 8/3/2023 10:40:19 AM Student Reflection_EVS2_Part 2_V2.indd 34