Pine tree: Good news! The Green Forest will not be cut down! Eucalyptus tree and Neem tree: Great news! Peepal tree (to the Pine Tree): Who told you that? Pine tree: W ell, I have my reliable sources. A little birdie told me the court has ordered that no construction should take place here. The environmentalists have saved us. All the people are talking about it. We are all safe. All the trees: G od bless the environmentalists. Humans should understand that they are closest to God when they are close to nature. 1) What was the old man planning to make on the land? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) What did the pine tree tell the other trees at the start? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms from the brackets. a) I have already __________________ (paid/pay) the money for this jacket. b) We must not __________________ (fought/fight) with each other. c) Tara __________________ (made/make) these beautiful drawings for her parents. 4) The meaning of the word ‘environmentalist’ is ______________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) resident a) gain 2) facility b) a person who stays somewhere for a long time 3) profit c) amenity Reading Comprehension 47
Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. India was celebrating Republic Day on the 26th of January. It was a national holiday. Mr Gupta was very annoyed and in a bad mood. He had had to close his factory and give the workers time off from work. A lot of work was incomplete and left undone. His profits would suffer. Mr Gupta was driving his luxury car with the air conditioner on full blast. At the traffic light, he slowed down and then stopped as the light turned red. His mood became worse. Just then, he happened to look out of the window and see a boy selling Indian flags. The boy was dressed in torn clothes, but his smile was infectious and lit up his face. On a whim, Mr Gupta rolled the window down and called out to him, 'I want two flags'. The boy immediately ran over to him and handed him the flags, saying 'Please give me change.' Mr Gupta took out ` 20 and held it out. 'No, change please', repeated the boy. Mr Gupta was surprised. 'I am giving change', he said. 'The flags are for ` 1 each, please give me ` 2 only', said the boy. Mr Gupta was amazed. 'How can you sell them for so less?' he asked. 'Today is Republic Day. Today, we are not doing business. We do that every other day. We are doing our bit for our country. The flags actually cost one rupee, so we are selling them at that rate', the boy answered. Mr Gupta was taken aback. The poor, uneducated, street boy valued his country more than he did. He felt terribly ashamed. – Manjula Shukla 1) Why did Mr Gupta have to give his workers time off from work? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) Why were the flags being sold at a cheaper rate? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48
3) Change the following sentences into negative sentences. a) It was a national holiday. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� b) The boy was very poor. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� c) Mr Gupta was in a bad mood. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) The antonym of ‘educated’ is _____________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) annoyed a) capable of being easily spread to other people 2) infectious b) a sudden wish or desire 3) whim c) slightly angry Reading Comprehension 49
Why are we studying this theme? Great human minds have worked hard to understand the world and make it a better place. Science and technology have changed the face of the world we live in. Let us read two prose pieces and a poem that tell us more about the wonders of science.
Lesson Scientists and 16 Inventors Who Changed the World Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Words ending in -gy and -phy (stress on the third-from-last syllable) technology biology geology tautology photography geography biography autobiography Warm Up • C an you imagine your life without the telephone, television, computer and electricity? What would it be like? • What do you think made a few people invent such wonderful things? Let us read a passage about a few of the most famous scientists and inventors whose discoveries have changed our lives. 51
I Read Nowadays, we live a life full of comfort. Technology and information are easily available whenever we need them. However, a lot of things that we take for granted were carefully thought out, discovered and invented by thinkers, scientists and discoverers of previous generations. One such person was Isaac Newton. It was the year 1665 when a young mathematician and physicist named physicist Isaac Newton was sitting in his living room, drinking a cup of tea. It was a beautiful day, warm and sunny. Isaac was relaxing in his chair and thinking about the forces of nature. As he sipped his tea, he saw an apple fall to the ground. This sight started a chain of thought in his mind. ‘What caused the apple to fall?’ He knew that nothing could move from its place without some force applied to it. ‘What was this force?’ he wondered. Isaac was an intelligent man with a questioning mind. He thought very deeply about the matter and figured that there was a force deep within the Earth that made the objects stay on it. Isaac thus discovered the force of gravity. This was a very important discovery in the field of science. Let us now read about another scientist who is gravity remembered the world over. His name is Alfred Nobel. He was born in Sweden and grew up excelling in studies. He showed a deep interest in developing explosives dynamite and later invented dynamite. Again, this was a very important invention. It was extensively used in the mining and building of roads. Unfortunately, it was also misused and caused destruction and death. However, an incident changed Alfred’s life forever. His brother died, and newspapers wrongly printed the news as Alfred’s death, with the headlines saying that devastated the ‘Merchant of Death’ had passed away. He was fortune devastated at the thought that his invention was being used to kill people. He decided to put his entire fortune into a trust that was used to fund international prizes for peace. These became the famous ‘Nobel’ prizes. Have you ever thought of how our lives would be without electricity? Let’s read about the great mind behind the invention of the electric bulb. Thomas Alva Edison was possibly America’s greatest inventor. He invented nearly a thousand things and, most importantly, the light bulb. 52
When Edison displayed his electrical bulb for the first time, one of the guests remarked that the idea was good, but he doubted whether anyone would want to light up their homes with such bulbs. How wrong he was! There is an interesting story surrounding Edison. Many people used to visit Edison’s office every day to meet him and take his advice. One day, a gentleman remarked that his office door was very heavy and difficult to push open. He advised Edison to replace the door with a lighter one. Edison answered that he had fixed a small pump to the door. It pumped a gallon of water into the overhead tank every time the door was pushed open. This was an extremely creative way of generating free power, wasn’t it? Another great inventor, Alexander Graham Bell, invented the telephone. Can you imagine what it would be like if there were no phones or mobile phones? The first words were spoken on the phone in the year 1876 by Alexander to his assistant Thomas Watson: ‘Mr Watson, come here, I want to see you’. Sadly, Alexander’s wife was deaf and was never able to use the telephone. indebted These early scientists and inventors made very valuable discoveries and inventions. We are truly indebted to them. Let Us Discuss 1) What did Isaac Newton notice as he sipped his tea? 2) What did Alfred Nobel invent? 3) Who invented the light bulb? 4) What did Alexander Graham Bell invent? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word take for granted physicist gravity excelling Scientists and Inventors Who Changed the World 53
Word Meaning dynamite devastated fortune indebted Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) What chain of thought started in Isaac Newton’s mind when he saw an apple fall to the ground? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Which incident changed Alfred Nobel’s life forever? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Why was Thomas Edison’s office door heavy and difficult to open? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What and to whom were the first words spoken on the telephone by Graham Bell? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54
Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) D escribe a scientific invention that is the most useful according to you. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Do you think that scientific inventions have disadvantages? If yes, what do you think they are? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ I Speak Debate Divide your class into two groups. One group speaks for the use of mobile phones, and the other group speaks against the use of mobile phones. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using mobile phones. The topic is as follows: ‘Are mobile phones a blessing or a curse?’ Your teacher will moderate the debate. ABC Recitation (Group) Learn this poem and recite it with appropriate expressions in class. I Am a Scientist I am a scientist. What do I do? I study the nature of things, old and new. I take a close look at the things that I see And make guesses about all the ways they might be. When I find something neat, sometimes I will ponder, ‘Why does that thing behave like that, I wonder?’ I’ll come up with ideas – I’ll take a good guess, And I’ll call my guess a ‘hypothesis’. Scientists and Inventors Who Changed the World 55
The next thing I’ll do is conduct a short test To see what answers my question best. When I find a result that explains the confusion I’ll call that answer my ‘conclusion’. Next, I’ll write down all the things I’ve uncovered Then share with the world those neat things I’ve discovered. And I’ll say to myself when my hard work is done, ‘Science is interesting, useful, and fun!’ (Source: http://mixminder.com/i-am-a-scientist-poem/) Language Game Jumbled words Given below are a few scrambled names of a few scientific inventions that we use in everyday life. Unscramble these and find out what they are. Jumbled word Actual word POLTAP HONEP REMIX PETRRIN NOVE GRIDEF 56
Connect the Dots Social Studies Fun There were many interesting inventions in ancient India. Here are a few of them: Chess: This game originated in India 1,500 years ago. An Indian king ordered a scholar to design a chess game called ‘Chaturanga’ to help improve the intelligence of his people. Rulers: The first rulers were made during the Indus Valley Civilization. They were made of ivory. Flush toilets: The Indus Valley Civilization was the first to use toilets with flushes. The city had an advanced sewage system as well. Science Fun This lesson mostly talks about male scientists. However, many female scientists have made their marks in the world of science. Let us get to know a few of them. • Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958) has made significant contributions to the understanding of molecular structure and the field of X-rays. • Maria Mitchell (1818–1889) was the very first American woman to become a professional astronomer. She discovered a comet in 1847 that was named after her. • Asima Chatterjee (1917–2006) was a noted organic chemist. She has also done considerable research on the medicinal properties of many Indian plants. She was the first woman to receive a Doctorate of Science from an Indian University. A Note to Parent Help and encourage your child to understand rather than merely memorise scientific concepts. Ensure that you send your child to science camps so that they can engage with scientific concepts meaningfully. Scientists and Inventors Who Changed the World 57
Lesson Eureka! Eureka! 17 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud eureka Greek Words philosopher scientist disperse displace Syracuse weight aluminium volume Warm Up • Imagine that you are a scientist and you suddenly discover something. What would your first words be? • Have you heard the phrase ‘Eureka! Eureka!’? Do you know what it means and who said it? Let us read a story about the person who said ‘Eureka! Eureka!’ when he discovered something important. 58
I Read Archimedes was a Greek scientist in the king’s court. He lived in Syracuse nearly 2000 years ago. The king of the land wanted to wear a golden crown. He gave some gold to a goldsmith to make a suitable crown. After a few days, the goldsmith brought the finished crown to the king. The crown was weighed. The weight Archimedes of the crown was equal to the gold given to the scientist goldsmith by the king. The king looked at the colour of the crown. He had a suspicion. The goldsmith could have stolen some from the gold handed over to him and mixed other metals to make the crown. The king wanted to find out the truth. The king said to Archimedes, ‘Find out how much gold has been stolen.’ But how was Archimedes to do that? Archimedes thought about the problem day and night! One day, Archimedes suspicion was about to take his bath. He was busy thinking about the problem and did not notice that the bathtub was already full to the brim. As he slid into the bathtub, a large quantity of water flowed over the brim of the bathtub. He noticed this and suddenly realised that he had the answer to his problem. He jumped out of the bathtub, shouting ‘Eureka! Eureka!’ ‘Eureka’ in Greek means ‘I have found it’. brim Do you know that different metals of the same weight have different volumes? Objects, when put in water, displace water. The volume of the water displaced by the object is equal to the volume of the object. For example, an iron cube weighing a kilogram will displace some water. However, an aluminium cube of the same weight will displace more water than the iron cube. Archimedes knew all these theories. Using this knowledge, Archimedes worked out a plan to find out the purity of the gold in the crown. Archimedes took two bowls. He filled both the bowls with water to the brim. Then, he placed each bowl separately in the middle of a large vessel. He placed the crown in a bowl. Water overflowed and collected at the bottom of the outer vessel. Then, he took a cube of pure gold. This cube was equal in weight to the crown. He kept this gold cube in the middle of the second bowl. Again, water overflowed and got collected at the bottom of the outer bowl. Archimedes then measured the quantities of water in these two outer vessels. He found out the difference between the two quantities. The crown had displaced more water, while the Eureka! Eureka! 59
gold cube displaced less. However, since both the crown and the gold cube were of the same weight, they should have displaced the same amount of water. Therefore, it became clear that the crown had other metals mixed in it. These metals took up more space in water than pure gold. Archimedes reported these findings to the king. The king demanded the truth from the goldsmith, who then confessed. He had stolen some gold. He had in fact added other metals as a replacement. Thus, due to Archimedes’ clever principle, the king could discover the truth. This principle became famous as the ‘Archimedes principle’ and is studied even today! confessed Let Us Discuss 1) What did the king ask the goldsmith to make? 2) What suspicion did the king have? 3) W hat words did Archimedes shout when he found the solution to the king’s problem? 4) When Archimedes conducted his experiment with the gold crown and the solid gold cube, what were the results? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word scientist suspicion brim volumes displace theories confessed principle 60
I Speak Public speaking Archimedes knew that he could get a solution to his problem. He kept trying until he was successful. Think of a time when you thought of doing something and kept trying till you were successful. Tell your success story to the class. Don’t take more than two minutes, and give your friends a chance to speak about their success stories as well! You may choose anything – concepts that you may have learnt in Mathematics, Science, Social Studies or English, any sport such as cricket, tennis or football or fine arts such as music, dance, painting or martial arts. Role play Divide your class into groups of five. Your teacher will hand out slips of paper with different reactions such as ‘surprised’, ‘thrilled’, ‘fear’, ‘anger’ and ‘joy’ written on them. Then, each team has to think of a situation where they could be used. Enact the situations in the form of a play. Language Game Who am I? Archimedes has been honoured through numerous postal stamps. Look at the one shown here. Now, paste a postal stamp of a famous world personality in the space given. Also, write a few lines about the person whom you have chosen without naming them. Test your classmates and see if they can guess the person’s name just by looking at the stamp and hearing about their achievements. Be as creative as you can! Eureka! Eureka! 61
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Connect the Dots Science Fun You have learnt about a great scientist named Archimedes. Now, find out who the following scientists are. Also, match the pictures with the correct names. 1) I discovered gravity with the help of a falling apple. ______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2) I invented the light bulb. _________________________________________________ 3) I introduced zero into the modern numbering system. ______________________ Social Studies Fun Archimedes was from Greece. Find out the countries that the following scientists were from. 1) Albert Einstein 2) Madam Marie Curie 3) Charles Darwin 4) Jagdish Chandra Bose Albert Einstein Madam Marie Curie Charles Darwin J.C. Bose A Note to Parent This story talks about a great scientist named Archimedes. There were many great scientists, physicians and mathematicians in ancient India as well. Follow the link below to read about a few great minds from ancient India with your child. www.scientistindia.com/history.htm Eureka! Eureka! 63
Lesson On the Grasshopper 18 and Cricket Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Rhyming words Word Rhyming words run, done, fun mead lead, read Word frost lost Sun ever – never hills – shrills Warm Up • H ave you ever gone for long walks and observed nature? What do you like about the natural world? • Do you think plants and animals change along with the change of seasons? How? Let us read a poem about the everlasting beauty of nature and seasons. 64
I Read new-mown mead The Poetry of Earth is never dead: When all the birds are faint with the hot Sun, And hide in cooling trees, a voice will run From hedge to hedge about the new-mown mead; That is the Grasshopper’s – he takes the lead In summer luxury – he has never done With his delights; for when tired out with fun He rests at ease beneath some pleasant weed. The poetry of Earth is ceasing never: On a lone winter evening, when the frost Has wrought a silence, from the stove there shrills The Cricket’s song, in warmth increasing ever, And seems to one in drowsiness half lost, The Grasshopper’s among some grassy hills. – John Keats Let Us Discuss 1) Whose poetry is never dead? 2) Why do the birds hide in the cooling trees? 3) What has wrought silence? 4) What are the two insects/creatures mentioned in the poem? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word faint new-mown mead On the Grasshopper and Cricket 65
Word Meaning luxury ceasing wrought shrills drowsiness Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) Whose voice will run after the birds hide in the cooling trees? What does he sing about? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) When does the cricket sing? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) To whom does the cricket’s song seem like that of the grasshopper? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) Why is the poetry of the Earth never ceasing? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 66
Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) W hat do you think is the theme or message of this poem? What do the cricket and the grasshopper represent? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) What do you think the line ‘The Poetry of Earth is never dead’ means? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� I Speak Role play Read a part of another famous poem by John Keats. To Autumn Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run; To bend with apples the moss’d cottage-trees, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core; To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells With a sweet kernel; to set budding more, And still more, later flowers for the bees, Until they think warm days will never cease, For summer has o’er-brimm’d their clammy cells. On the Grasshopper and Cricket 67
Group activity Divide the class into groups of five. Make a chart and compare the different seasons of the year. Mention points like the clothes, food and the differences in the natural world in different seasons. Language Game Inversion The Cricket’s song, in warmth increasing ever, And seems to one in drowsiness half lost, Read the lines of the poem given above. The words in bold do not make logical sense because they are not put together in regular sentences. They do not follow the rules of grammar. However, arranging words in this fashion enhances the musicality of the poem. This reversal of the normal order of words for effect is called ‘inversion’. Examples: • ‘My pleasant things in ashes lie’ instead of ‘My pleasant things lie in ashes’ • ‘In fell the fox’ instead of ‘The fox fell in’ • ‘Tender is the night’ instead of ‘The night is tender’ • ‘Down fell Bhiku Bhai!’ instead of ‘Bhiku Bhai fell down!’ Here are a few inverted lines. Get into pairs and rearrange the words so that they are phrased correctly. The pair that finishes first wins. 1) To take over the world is his real plan. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) Such wonderful players are they that no one can beat them. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 68
3) Down came the rain and washed the spider out. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) In front of the desk stands a student. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5) Not until a frog develops lungs does it leave the water. Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Connect the Dots Science Fun grasshopper cricket Read on to know how grasshoppers and crickets are different from each other. • Crickets have longer antennae than grasshoppers. • Most crickets come out at dusk, whereas grasshoppers prefer to be out and about during the day. • C rickets sense sound with ‘ears’ that are on their front legs. For grasshoppers, these are at the base of their abdomens. • Crickets ‘sing’ by rubbing their wings together, while grasshoppers ‘sing’ by rubbing their long hind legs against their wings. On the Grasshopper and Cricket 69
Social Studies Fun a fossil of a grasshopper The ancestors of the modern-day grasshoppers evolved well over 200 million years ago. This was when the first reptiles appeared on Earth. This means that they existed long before dinosaurs! Most ancient grasshoppers are preserved as fossils. A Note to Parent This poem speaks about the beauty of nature regardless of whether it is summer or winter. Take nature walks with your child and discuss the beauty of all the natural things around us. Also, make your child aware of the need to conserve natural beauty. 70
S6 Speaking Project How were they invented? The telephone is one of the most used technological devices today. It connects one person with another through radio waves. We all use the telephone every day. Do you know about its history, who invented it, in which year it was invented and so on? Given below is a picture of the first telephone, which was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. There are many more interesting stories about the inventions that have changed the world. Choose an invention and research on it. Present the story of the invention interestingly. Given below is a list of inventions to choose from. You can also select other inventions. • the printing press • the electric light • the radio • the steam engine • the aeroplane • the telephone • the computer • the internet 71
R6 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. In the evening, the priest kept a light behind the curtain and stood there with his puppet. When he moved the puppet behind the curtain, it cast a dancing shadow on it that was clearly visible to the emperor on the other side. As the emperor sat in front of the curtain and watched the dancing shadow, he listened to the stories narrated by the priest. The stories were about the queen. They were simply wonderful and brought back many of the emperor’s wonderful memories. The emperor clapped his hands with joy and said, ‘I would like to watch the puppet show every evening. I am delighted.’ Every day, the emperor attended court, talked to his ministers and courtiers, and then watched the puppet show in the evening. He started taking great interest in his people. He built schools and hospitals in the name of the departed queen. He felt very happy when crowds of people gathered around him and praised him wherever he went. They would cheerfully shout, ‘Hail the Emperor! Hail the mighty one!’ The priest spoke to him one day, ‘Your Majesty, joys and sorrows are part of life. Whenever a person faces sorrow, they should always think of the good things and happy moments in life. They act as a source of joy that drives away all the sadness and cheers one up. They teach us to live happily and do good deeds to make others happy while remembering those who are no longer with us.’ The emperor smiled and nodded. ‘I thank you for guiding me and for such wise words’, he said. 1) What stories did the priest narrate in the puppet show? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 72
2) What did the emperor do before watching the puppet show every evening? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) Fill in the blanks with a homonym (words with the same spelling but different meanings) in the pairs of sentences below. a) Let’s _________________________ a game. The author wrote a new _________________________. b) Use a black _________________________ to write this letter. The rabbit is sitting in a _________________________. c) I am going to _________________________ TV at night. My _________________________ is not showing the correct time. 4) The meaning of the word ‘narrated’ is _______________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) emperor a) dead 2) memories b) king 3) departed c) recollections Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. A bird came down the walk, He did not know I saw. He bit an Angleworm in halves, And ate the fellow, raw. And then he drank a dew, From a convenient grass. And then hopped sidewise to the wall, To let a beetle pass. He glanced with rapid eyes, That hurried all around. Reading Comprehension 73
They looked like frightened beads, I thought, He stirred his velvet head. Like one in danger, cautious, I offered him a crumb. And he unrolled his feathers, And rowed him softer home. Than oars divide the ocean, Too silver for a seam. Or butterflies, off banks of noon, Leap, plash-less as they swim. – Emily Dickinson 1) Why did the bird hop sidewise to the wall? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) What does the poet compare the eyes of the bird to? Ans. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) Underline the adjectives in the following phrases. a) And ate the fellow, raw. b) From a convenient grass. c) Too silver for a seam. 4) The meaning of ‘stirred’ in the passage is ____________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) dew a) very careful 2) cautious b) tiny drops of water 3) oars c) tools used to row a boat 74
Glossary Sr. No. Words Meaning 1 beamed (v.) smiled widely 2 betel nut (n.) a seed of the betel palm 3 blur (n.) an unclear scene 4 brambles (n.) thorny bushes 5 brim (n.) the top of a vessel 6 ceasing (v.) stopping to happen 7 charging (v.) rushing forward in attack 8 chugged (v.) made the sound of an engine 9 circumstance (n.) situation; condition 10 coach (n.) a railway carriage; compartment 11 compartment (n.) a small space 12 confessed (v.) revealed the truth 13 crease (n.) the line where the batsman stands 14 criss-crossed (v.) went from one side to another 15 dashboard (n.) the part of a vehicle that has the important controls
Sr. No. Words Meaning shocked and upset by something 16 devastated (adj.) 17 disgusting (adj.) extremely unlikeable 18 displace (v.) move something out of its place 19 displeased (adj.) annoyed or upset 20 ditches (n.) 21 drowsiness (n.) long and narrow holes that are dug alongside a road 22 duct tape (n.) or field to hold or move water 23 Dutch (adj.) a feeling of sleepiness a wide, sticky tape used to repair things or hold them tightly together belonging to the Netherlands 24 dynamite (n.) a powerful explosive or bomb 25 echoed (v.) the same sound got repeated 26 election (n.) the process of choosing someone to form a government or become a leader by voting for them 27 embarrassed (adj.) ashamed 28 enquired (v.) asked 29 excelling (v.) doing something very well 30 explore (v.) travel to learn more 31 faint (adj.) weak and dizzy 32 fortune (n.) wealth
Sr. No. Words Meaning the force that attracts the objects to the earth's 33 gravity (n.) surface 34 gurgling (adj.) making a bubbling sound 35 harsh (adj.) tough; hard 36 headphones (n.) 37 hedges (n.) electrical gadgets worn on the head to listen to 38 indebted (adj.) sounds or music 39 inn (n.) bushes that are planted as borders to fields and 40 intricate (adj.) gardens owing something to someone a house where people can eat and rent a room to sleep very detailed 41 keen (adj.) strongly interested 42 lumping (v.) moving slowly and heavily 43 luxury (n.) a situation of great comfort and wealth 44 magnificent (adj.) impressive 45 majestic (adj.) royal 46 majestically (adv.) in a royal manner 47 mead (n.) meadow (old English) 48 meadows (n.) grassy fields 49 mill (n.) a building where grain is turned into flour
Sr. No. Words Meaning 50 monotonous (adj.) boring 51 navigator (n.) someone who finds the route and guides a spaceship 52 new-mown (adj.) freshly cut 53 nibbling (v.) taking small bites 54 ninepins (n.) 55 oft (adv.) a game played with a heavy ball and nine vertical columns called pins often (old English) 56 passed away (v.) died 57 pen pals (n.) 58 physicist (n.) people who exchange letters as a hobby but usually has not met a person who studies the laws of physics 59 pitch (n.) an area of play 60 plied (v.) worked steadily 61 principle (n.) a standard belief 62 rear end (n.) the back part of something 63 rocket ship (n.) a space vehicle that flies into space 64 rusted (v.) 65 scenic (adj.) get covered in rust, which is a reddish substance formed on metals having beautiful natural scenery 66 scientist (n.) one who studies science
Sr. No. Words Meaning 67 scrambles (v.) struggles to climb 68 shrills (v.) makes a loud, high-pitched sound 69 shuddered (v.) shivered with fear or disgust 70 slender (adj.) slim; thin 71 slurping (v.) drinking or eating noisily 72 space suits (n.) special outfits worn by astronauts in space 73 spectacular (adj.) beautiful and grand 74 sprang a surprise surprised someone (phr.) 75 summer break (n.) summer holidays in school 76 suspicion (n.) doubt fail to respect or appreciate 77 take for granted torn and in poor condition (phr.) 78 tattered (adj.) 79 theories (n.) ideas 80 tramp (n.) a poor, homeless person 81 troops (n.) groups of soldiers 82 umpires (n.) game officials 83 unorthodox (adj.) unusual
Sr. No. Words Meaning the amounts of space occupied by objects 84 volumes (n.) go from one place to another women who cast spells 85 wander (v.) formed an expression of surprise 86 witches (n.) 87 wrought (v.) 88 yikes (int.) n. Key v. noun adj. verb adv. phr. adjective int. adverb phrase interjection
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