4000-Essential-English-Words-4

MUThe Traveler and the Innkeeper A traveler stopped at an inn. He sat and watched people closely, like a predator. Heheard the old innkeeper talking to a young man in the core of the inn. “I just need to borrow some money. I swear that I’ll spend it in moderation, and myfriend will pay you back tomorrow,” the man said. The innkeeper gave his consent andpulled out some money. The traveler knew that this was a trick. The man was goingto leave with the poor innkeeper’s money and never return.He felt compassion for the nice innkeeper and did not wanthim to be tricked. The cunning traveler decided to teach theinnkeeper a lesson. The traveler walked over to the innkeeper and sat down.The innkeeper had started to grind coffee beans to makecoffee. He made the coffee and handed the traveler asaucer and a cup. The two started talking. After a while thetraveler yawned and then growled like a wolf. “Are you not sane? I thought I just heard you growl,”said the innkeeper. “I did. I am cursed. Every time I yawn three times in a row,I turn into a wolf and attack people.” The innkeeper became tense. Then the traveler yawned again. As thetraveler started to yawn a third time, the innkeeper turned to run outside. As heran, the traveler snatched his coat. The scared innkeeper staggered outside and tumbledinto the street. The traveler followed him out because he did not want to withhold the truth any longer.He just wanted to foster happiness and restore the innkeeper’s emotional equilibrium.The innkeeper was dizzy, and he stumbled. The traveler helped him stand up. “That was a trick,” the traveler said as he returned the coat. “Oh, good. I cherish this coat,” responded the innkeeper. “Well, hopefully this will teach you that you shouldn’t believe every story that you hear.”

“S M ig ^ a g f* Reading CoP/MD1A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.1 . The thief promised to spend money in moderation.2. The traveler staggered outside.3. The innkeeper became tense after the traveler told him why he growled4. The traveler felt compassion for the innkeeper.5. The traveler wanted to withhold the truth and foster anger.6. The innkeeper said that he cherished his coat.P/AR'D1B Answer the questions.1 . What did the traveler want to foster inside the innkeeper?a. health b. strengthc. despair d. happiness2. The traveler snatched the coat . a. to make the innkeeper sane b. to teach the innkeeper a lesson c. to be a predator d. to sell it and make money3. Why did the innkeeper consent to give the young man money?a. The young man was scary. b. The young man was cunning.c. The young man was dizzy. d. The young man’s friend would repay him.4. Why did the innkeeper hand the traveler a saucer and a cup?a. So he could drink coffee b. So he could restore equilibrium

Listaircraft [carkrasft] n.An aircraft is a vehicle that flies in the sky, such as an airplane or helicopter.-+ At the museum in the airport, you can see a lot of old aircraft.celebrity [salebrati] n.A celebrity is someone who is famous.-♦ It was the highlight of the evening when the celebrities arrived.concrete [kdnkrkt] n.Concrete is a substance made from stones.-+ The man covered the ground with concrete.decisive [disaisiv] adj.If someone is decisive, they make decisions quickly.-* Our boss is very decisive, so it did not take long to organize the project.esteemed [istkmd] adj.If someone is esteemed, many people like or respect them.-* An esteemed scientist is coming to the university to talkabout her discoveries.ethical [eeikal] adj.If something is ethical, it is the right thing to do.-♦ Many people believe that it is ethical to help others in need.extinct [iksti'qkt] adj. -%If plants or animals are extinct, there are none left.-* There used to be dinosaurs all over the world, but now they are extinct.h a r d y [ha:rdi] adj.If a person or plant is hardy, it is strong and can live though difficult conditions.-♦ The farmer is a hardy man and doesn’t mind working outside.institute [instat/ir.t] n.An institute is an organization that is interested in research or teaching.- » I am going to a lecture about ancient Rome at the Historical Institute.jealousy [d3elasi] n.Jealousy is a feeling of wanting something that somebody else has.-» She felt a lot ofjealousy when she saw Luke with two girls.

migrate [maigreit] v.To migrate means to move from one place to another.-> Many birds migrate to warmer countries in the winter.nurture [na:rtjar] v.To nurture something means to care for it as it grows or develops.-* Robert nurtured his plants, and that is why they grow so well.overhead [ouvarhed] adv.If something is overhead, it is located above you.-» As we sat on top of the hill, a plane flew overhead.principle [prmsapsl] n.A principle is a belief about the correct way to behave.-*■ To maintain principles, it’s vital to watch, listen, and speak carefully.rural [ruaral] adj.If a place is rural, it is in the countryside instead of the city.-> I want to live in a small house in a rural area.secluded [siklu:did] adj.If a place is secluded, it is far away from any other place.-» There was a secluded bench in the park.S p e c i e S [spi:Ji(:)z] n.A species is a type of plant or animal.-* There are 21 different species of butterfly in this forest.swamp [swamp] n.A swamp is a very wet area of land.-» There are lots of wild animals living in the swamp.traverse [trsevars] V.To traverse means to move or travel through an area.-» The explorer traversed the desert alone on a camel.zoology [zoualad3i] n. Zoology is a subject in which people study animals. -* Helen wants to study zoology because she has always liked animals.

PZ^EU' A Choose the right word for the given definition.1 . being the right thing to doa. jealousy b. migrate c. ethical d. secluded c. celebrity d. species2 . a wet area of land c. extinct d. decisive c. esteemed d. overheada. swamp b. institute c. concrete d. principle3. able to make decisions quicklya. hardy b. rural4. respected by many peoplea. nurture b. traverse5. a rule of behaviora. zoology b. aircraftB Choose the right definition for the given word.1 . nurturea. to travel b. respected c. to care for d. to die2. secludeda. respected b. correct c. alone d. to make decisions3. speciesa. stones b. an animal c. wet land d. a place to study4. jealousya. knowing right and wrong b. the act of wanting another person’s things d. studying animalsc. famous5. overheada. moving b. above c. able to fly d. able to copeChoose the answer that best fits the question.1. How come we cannot see dinosaurs today?a. They are celebrities. b. They are extinct.c. It isn’t ethical. d. They have all traversed the desert.2. What should I do if I want to learn about animals?a. Go to a swamp b. Study zoology c. Nurture babies d. Be decisive3. Which of these does NOT describe the countryside?a. It is very rural. b. There are not a lot of buildings,c. Birds often fly overhead. d. There is a lot of concrete.4. If you want to camp in the mountains, you need to .a. have principles b. be hardy c. feel jealousy d. travel in an aircraft5. Brids to warmer parts of the country during the winter.a. esteem b. insitute c. species d. migrate

Choose the word that is the better fit for each blank.1 . hardy / traverse You need to be___________ if you wantto ___________ the mountains.2. institute / celebrity A(n)___________is going to give a talk at the___________ of Drama.3. aircraft / migrate Many people__________ by ship or___________ .4. esteemed / jealousy She felt a lot of__________ because her sister was highly___________ . 5. swamp / extinct They found the remains of___________ animals in the___________. 6. secluded / species You can see many different bird___________ inthis___________ location. 7. ethical / decisive He made a quick,___________ choice, but he was worried if it wasthe___ thing to fire him over the holidays. 8. zoology / nurture He chose to study___________ because he has always likedto _________ animals. 9. overhead / rural I like to be in ___________ areas where there are no planesflying_______10. concrete / principle I don’t like the___________of covering the garden in

Gilbert and the Lizard Eliza disliked Australia. Firstly, she’d had to spend twenty uncomfortable hours onan aircraft getting here. She wanted to go to the beach, but her husband was a zoologyprofessor and wanted to look for some interesting animals. So now she was traversing aswamp in the midday heat. “Let me sit down, Gilbert. I’m not hardy like you,” she said, eventually. They sat under a tree. There were lots of birds in that secluded, rural place, and theywatched them flying overhead. Then suddenly Gilbert saw something on a rock.“That’s strange,” said Gilbert. “That looks like a RedSwamp Lizard, but I thought that species was extinct.” Hecarefully picked it up. “Yes, it is! I’m going to take it back tothe Zoology Institute. They will be filled with so muchjealousy when they see what I have found!” “Are you sure we should take it from its home?”asked Eliza. “Nonsense, many animals migrate. They’re used to changes,” said Gilbert. “Hmm, I don’t agree with the principle of it,” said Eliza. “It isn’t ethical.” But Gilbertwas decisive and took the lizard back to the hotel in the city. He thought that this findwould make him a highly esteemed celebrity at the Zoology Institute. For the next few days, Gilbert fed and nurtured the lizard. But the lizard wasn’t happy.It lost its beautiful red color and began to look ordinary. In fact, Gilbert started to wonderwhether it was special at all. He went outside and found a common lizard on a piece ofconcrete. When he compared them, they looked exactly alike. The lizard was only red inthe swamp! Gilbert said to Eliza, “I’m going to return this lizard to the swamp. I’ve learned animportant lesson. Home is where we are happiest. At home, we are special like the redlizard. We can never be so happy when we are away.” “Good,” said Eliza. “So, can we go home now?”

2. Eliza was a professor of zoology.3. Eliza was hardier than Gilbert.4. The swamp was in a rural, secluded area.5. Gilbert thought that the red lizard was an extinct species.6. Gilbert nurtured the red lizard at the hotel.P/MEF B Answer the questions.1. What did Gilbert and Eliza see flying overhead?a. An aircraft b. Birdsc. An extinct species d. Butterflies2. How was Gilbert described after he found the lizard?a. Full of jealousy b. Highly esteemedc. Decisive d. Full of principles3. What did Gilbert think that the find would make him feel like?a. A celebrity b. Decisivec. Ethical d. Hardy4. Where did Gilbert want to take the red lizard?a. To the Zoology Institute b. To the universityc. To a different swamp d. To his home

r a s s u m p t i o n [esAmpJsn] n. An assumption is something that you believe is true but cannot prove. -> I went to the cafeteria on the assumption that everyone would be there.r b a r l e y t a i ] n. Barley is a grain that is used for animal feed, health food and beer. -* The farmer grew barley to feed his cows in the winter.r b e a s t [bust] n. A beast is a large, dangerous animal. -* A lion is one of the fiercest beasts on Earth.r c o l o n e l [kemal] n. A colonel is a military officer. -» James has been given a promotion in the army. He is now a colonel.r c o n t a g i o u s [kanteid39s] adj. If a disease is contagious, it is easily carried from one person to another. -* You must wearprotective clothing because the patient’s illness is contagious.r c o r p s e n©yps] n. A corpse is a dead body of a human. — After the accident, the corpse was taken to the hospital. C r i s i s [kraisis] n. A crisis is a situation that is extremely stressful or dangerous. -► The airport workers’ strike led to a crisis at the airport. C U re [kjuar] v. To cure means to cause an illness or injury to end or disappear. -* My dentist cured me of my toothache.c d e f o r m e d [difomnd] adj. If something is deformed, it is not shaped normally and may appear ugly. -» Even though the carrot was deformed, it was still safe to eat.r d i s c r i m i n a t e [diskri'maneit] v. To discriminate means to judge people according to their looks. They discriminated against her because she was different.

r embassy [embasi] n. An embassy is where government officials work in a foreign country. -» If you lose your passport, you should contact the embassy.r extinguish [ikstfngwij] v. To extinguish a fire means to make it stop. -» Michael extinguished the small fire with the hose.r flint [flint] n. Flint is a hard stone that people used to make weapons for hunting. -» There are a lot offlint tools in the museum.r harass [harees] V. To harass someone means to annoy or trouble them. -* The children harassed their mother because they wanted her attention.r integrate [intagreit] v. To integrate means to join, communicate and socialize. -+ Governments want immigrants to integrate with the population.r miniature [mmiatjar] adj. If something is miniature, it is very small. The boy enjoys playing with his miniature train set in his bedroom.r nutrition [n/u:trijsn] n. Nutrition is the process by which people use food to stay healthy. -*• It is important to pay attention to nutrition if you want to be an athlete.r promptly [prdmptli] adv. If something happens promptly, it happens quickly or on time. -♦ Arrive promptly, or we won’t have time to discuss everything.r technician [teknijan] n. A technician is a person who is skilled in electronic or mechanical work. -> I need to call the technician to help me with my computer.r tropics Etrdpiks] n. The tropics are the areas of land and sea close to the equator. -♦ People like to go to the tropics for vacation because it’s warm.

PCMT A Choose the right word for the given definition.1 . a dangerous animal b. beast a. barley d. cure c. an assumption2 . to trouble or annoy someone b. harass a. extinguish d. integrate c. discriminate3. a dead body b. flint a. colonel d. embassy c. corpse4. very small b. contagious a. miniature d. promptly c. deformed5. a bad situation b. crisis a. technician d. tropics c. nutritionPAHD1B Choose the right definition for the given word.1 . assumption b. a military officer a. a grain d. a bad situation c. a belief without proof2. integrate b. to become ill a. to be on time d. to socialize with c. to put out a fire3. flint b. an unusual shape a. a dead body d. a building in another country c. a hard stone4. nutrition b. the process of how food is used for health a. trouble d. a dangerous animal c. ending an illness5. tropics b. small things a. areas close to the Equator d. bad treatment c. scientists

B5M2D1A Match the phrases to make complete sentences1. Barley is often .2. The colonel won a medal .3. Our new neighbors have integrated well.4. The corpse was examined .5. An employer should not discriminate.6. The embassy will tell you_____ .7. The financial crisis .8. I was able to extinguish the .9. Flint weapons were used_____ .10. A lot of miniature electronic machines.a. to determine the cause of death b. are manufactured in Japanc. how you can get a visa d. by people living ten thousand years agoe. fed to animals f. was caused by poor bank managementg- entire fire by myself h. for his work in the wari. with the people in the village j- among people at workPAED1B Match the clauses to make com plete sentences.1. Tom left the house early .2. The children wanted some chocolate, .3. The book was very fun to read .4. I phoned the police, .5. Pam isn’t at work today .6. I want to cut down the tree in the garden .7. James studied chemistry at university, .8. Mike was released from the hospital .9. If you want to be healthy, .10. You may need to have some vaccinations .: a. ifyou go on vacation in the tropics b. because the doctors cured his illness: c. because the illness is contagious d. because all the beasts could talk: e. and they arrived very promptly f. because it is deformed and looks uglyj g. so they harassed their father until he bought some: h. on the assumption that the traffic would be bad: i. and now he works as a technician in a laboratoryI j. you need to pay attention to your nutrition

The Forest PeopleI* _ • Colonel Wilbur and his wife Mary were flying over the tropics in their private plane. But suddenly the engine caught fire. It was impossible to extinguish the fire, so they were forced .9 to land in the forest.f« d -» “What are we going to do?” said Mary. “Can you fix the plane?” Wilbur said, “That’s impossible. I am not a technician, and the plane is out of gasoline.lilfci-Ji We’ll have to find help.” Wilbur and Mary walked through the forest. It was difficult to find a path through the| ;K^Ji trees. Mary even tore her dress on sharp thorns. Suddenly, they saw some huts and lots L.--B of miniature people, cooking and making weapons with flint. “I’ll ask them for help,” said Wilbur.'rfi “No! Don’t go! They are deformed!” said Mary. “They’ll harass us! They may have a contagious virus that will make us sick! We won’t know how to cure it. We’ll surely end up as corpses!” Wilbur tried to persuade Mary to go to the forest people, but she refused to integrate with them. She had the assumption that the small people were dangerous. “Let’s keep walking. We’re sure to find someone sooner or later.” For three days, the couple searched, but they found no one who could help them in their crisis. It was uncomfortable, and they were hungry without any source of nutrition. Plus, the forest was filled with dangerous beasts. Finally, Mary agreed to return to the forest people. When Wilbur and Mary arrived at the village, the forest people immediately welcomed them. They gave them bread made from barely to eat and a place to sleep. The next day, the forest people led Wilbur and Mary through the trees, and they promptly arrived at a small town. From there, they took a bus to the city where they found an embassy. Mary was sorry that she had not trusted the forest people sooner. She learned the value of not discriminating against people who are different.

P£\R,D’ A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.1. Wilbur and Mary had to land in the forest because the engine caught fire.2. It was possible for the colonel to extinguish the fire on the plane. Even though the plane crashed, it still had plenty of gasoline.4. Mary refused to go to the people on the assumption they had a contagious virus.5. The couple searched for help in the forest for five days.6. The forest people led Wilbur and Mary through the trees, and they promptly arrived at a city.EPZMU'u1B Answer the questions.1. What was the bread that the forest people gave Wilbur and Mary made of?a. Barley b. Flintc. Corpses d. Beasts2. After the crisis in the forest, Mary learned not to .a. discriminate against people b. harass forest peoplec. fly a plane in the tropics d. wear dresses in the forest3. Where was the embassy located? b. On the coast a. In the village d. In the town c. In the city4. Why didn’t Mary want to integrate with the forest people?a. They had poor nutrition. b. They looked deformed,c. They were very tall. d. They were from the embassy. 163

beneficial [benatp] adj.If something is beneficial, it is good for you.-* Drinking milk everyday is beneficial to your bones.birthplace [baxepleis] n.A birthplace is a place where a person is born or where something started.-* China is the birthplace of chopsticks.capacity [kspaesati] n.The capacity of something is the amount of things that can be put in it.-* The parking lot has reached its full capacity.comparative [kampaerativ] adj.If something is comparative, it is being judged based on something else.-* The money thatJohn has is comparative to most other adults.comprehensive [kdmprihensiv] adj.If something is comprehensive, it has all the details about something else.-+ The teacher gave us a comprehensive review for the exam.conserve [kansa:n/] V.To conserve something is to protect it from being ruined or used completely.— The group worked to conserve the beauty of Europe’s national parks.crucial [kru:jsl] adj.If something is crucial, it is extremely important to another thing.-» Clean air is crucial to the survival of humans, plants, and animals.cumulative ikjuimjaleitiv] adj.Cumulative describes an increase by adding one after another.-» The cumulative snowfall in the area is 50 centimeters per year.deposit [dipazit] v.To deposit something is to put it into a place or another thing.-+ 1deposited the money into my bank account.distribute [distnbju:t] v.To distribute something is to give it to a number of people. The teacher distributed crayons and markers to his students.

equator [ikweitar] n.The equator is an imaginary line that splits the Earth into north and south.-» The equator crosses the northern part ofSouth America.e x o t i c [igzatik] adj.Exotic describes something unusual because it is from far away.-* Rebecca tried many exotic foods on her trip to Africa.federal [federal] adj.If something is federal, it comes from the government of a country.-* Sometimes federal laws are different from state laws.formation [formeijen] n.A formation is the way that something is made.-+ The formation of ice happens when water freezes.frequency [fr(:kwansi] n.The frequency of something is the number of times that it happens.-» The frequency of rainstorms is very high, especially during the spring.objective [abd3§ktiv] n.An objective is a goal or plan that someone has.-*■My objective this week is to finish my homework by 7:30 every night.OXygen [aksid3an] n.Oxygen is a gas that all living things need to breathe.-+ My aunt believes that the oxygen in the country is cleaner than in the city.rainforest [reinfo(:)rist] n.A rainforest is a forest that is in a place where it rains very often.-* The rainforest is home to many animals.strategy [strsetedsi] n.A strategy is a plan for how to do something.-* The team came up with a strategy to win the game.wooded [wudid] adj. If an area is wooded, it is covered with trees.-» Jim and Ben decided to go hiking in the wooded area by the river.

A Choose the right word for the given definition.1 . to give something away b. distribute a. deposit d. conserve c. comprehensive2 . extremely important b. federal a. cumulative d. wooded c. crucial3. where something begins b. formation a. birthplace d. equator c. rainforest4. a person’s goal b. capacity a. strategy d. frequency c. objective5. unusual and unfamiliar b. exotic a. oxygen d. beneficial c. comparativeP£\Q?0’ B Choose the right definition for the given word.l . strategy b. a goal a. a plan d. a forest c. a line2. beneficial b. good for you a. filled with trees d. containing many details c. unusual or exciting3. formation b. the number of things inside something a. how something is made d. how often something happens c. where someone is born4. federal b. coming from the government a. made from added parts d. based on something else c. very important5. conserve b. to give a. to protect d. to breathe c. to put into

Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.1. I like going to the park because it’s covered with trees, and I feel like I’m in the mountains.2. Sam gave away party invitations to his friends.3. The letter came from a national government office.4. The business’s goal is to earn more money this year than it did last year. 5. My mother grows unusual and unfamiliar flowers in her garden. 6. He needed gas required for breathing to help him survive. 7. This book about the history of India is full of details. 8. I’m going to visit a small town in Ecuador that is near the imaginary line. 9. The number of shoes that Jane and Beth have is judged based on something else.10. Eddie didn’t want to eat it, but he knew the broccoli would be good for his health. 'JChoose the answer that best fits the question.1. Which word has about the same meaning as capacity?a. open b. expand c. reduce d. maximum amount2. Which of these can be cumulative?a. Snow b. A plate c. A radio d. Air3. What is something you would deposit into a closet?a. A television b. Jackets c. Money d. Water4. What is something you probably wounldn’t encounter in arainforest?a. Many trees b. Monkeys c. Humid weather d. Kangaroos5. In which place is there a high frequency of snowfall?a. Antarctica b. Spain c. England d. Australia

ItiTffll.fcW^ ■rMntf ^ , . ..... .................................................................«U .M a Dying Forest Rainforests provide much of the world’s oxygen supply. But the forests’ exotic trees and animals are being killed to make room for farmers and roads. People have been trying to conserve rainforests for years. But another type of forest—the cloud forest—is just as beneficial to humans. Cloud forests are also in danger of disappearing, but little is being done to save them. These forests are located at the tops of mountains, generally near the equator. These humid, wooded mountaintops are mainly in African and Central and South American countries. They are called “cloud forests” because their height allows for the formation of clouds among the trees. Rainforests produce large amounts of oxygen. Cloud forests produce comparative amounts of water. The trees in these forests pull water out of the clouds. The moisture gathers on the leaves. When it drips, it is deposited into streams. The streams flow into towns at the bottom of the mountain. Then, it’s distributed to people. The yearly cumulative rainfall in these areas is 173-198 centimeters. Cloud forests can pull in up to 60 percent of that. This water is crucial to the plants and the people in the area. It helps them survive. Cloud forests are also the birthplace of countless species of plants that can’t be found anywhere else. One small cloud forest has the capacity for as many types of plants as there are in all of Europe. There are so many, in fact, that scientists haven’t made a comprehensive list of them yet. These forests are being destroyed with increasing frequency. Trees are being cut down, and roads are being built in their place. Some people have an objective to get federal money to protect the forests. But they have had little success. Another strategy is to replace the destroyed plants. That, too, has been difficult because the plants are so unique. There’s plenty of work to be done, but saving the cloud forests is still a possibility.

A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.1. The equator provides much of the world’s oxygen supply.2 . People have been trying to conserve rainforests for years.3. Another type of forest—the cloud forest—is just as beneficial to humans as a rainforest.4. These humid, wooded mountaintops are mainly in African and European countries.5. Cloud forests are being destroyed with increasing frequency.6. Some people have an objective to get federal money to protect the forests.P/Mu’ B Answer the questions. b. In rainforests d. In Europe1. Where are cloud forests located? a. Near the equator c. On farms2. How do the trees in cloud forests make water?a. They pull it in from clouds. b. They allow the formation of clouds,c. They let it gather in leaves. d. They pull it in from streams.3. How much water do cloud forests add to the yearly cumulative rainfall?a. About 188 centimeters b. More than 178 centimetersc. Up to 60 percent d. Less than rainforests4. Why do some people want federal money?a. To plant more trees b. To build more roadsc. To make room for farmers d. To protect the forests 169

Listavail [aveil] n.Avail is help. It is often used in the achievement of a goal.-+ His studying was to no avail because he failed the test.expand [ikspaend] v.To expand is to become bigger in size.-+ A balloon will expand as you blow air into it.define [difain] v.To define means to clearly state, show, or explain what something is.-*• People define success in many different ways.dread [dread] v.To dread is to be afraid of something that could, or is going to, happen.-* I dread the idea that I will not get into college.fundamental [fAndamentl] adj.If something is fundamental, it is a basic part of something.-*■ The fundamental rules of basketball are easy.horrifying [ho rafain] adj.If something is horrifying, it is frightening and very unpleasant.-* There was a horrifying car accident today.3i n c r e d u l o u s [inkred alas] adj.If someone is incredulous about something, they do not believe that it is true.-*■She was incredulous that monkeys could ever drive a car.linger [linger] V.To linger is to last for a long time.-* The smell offresh cookies lingered in the bakery.O r g a n i s m [5:rganlzam] n.An organism is a living thing, especially a very small one.-* We studied the organism on the microscope.paraphrase [pserafreiz] v.To paraphrase is to make someone else’s writing or speech shorter. The students were asked to paraphrase the story they just heard.

p l a g u e [pleig] n.A plague is a serious disease that quickly spreads to many people.-» A plague in Europe killed millions ofpeople.presently [prezantli] adv.If something happens presently, it is happening right now.— Presently, our profits are good, but by next year we can do even better.random [rsendam] adj.If something is random, it happens without any pattern or reason.-* Young children often ask random questions.riot [raiat] n.A riot is a crowd that reacts to bad news by violently breaking laws.■—A riot broke out after the candidate lost the election.scribble [skrfbsl] v.To scribble is to write something quickly without caring about how it looks.-» I scribbled a rough diagram of our plan and gave it to him.shrine [Jrain] n.A shrine is a religious building built to honor a person, event, or god.-*■ He prayed at the shrine for an hour.SOlitude [salit/u:d] n.Solitude is the state of being totally alone.-* John lives a life ofsolitude because he doesn’tget along well with people.stark [sta:rk] adj. If a contrast is stark, then the things being compared are utterly different.-» There is a stark contrast between their test scores.summon [sAman] v. To summon a person is to ask them to come to you. -+ We summoned the doctor as soon as we noticed she was sick. W o r s e n [warsan] v. To worsen is to get worse. -» The weather suddenly worsened, and we had to stay inside.

B£\EO’ A Choose the right word for the given definition.1 . to ask someone to come b. scribble a. worsen d. summon c. linger2 . basic b. riot a. verse d. fundamental c. avail3. to get bigger b. define a. expand d. organism c. stark4. to be afraid b. shrine a. dread d. horrifying c. random5. not believing b. presently a. solitude d. plague c. incredulousB Choose the right definition for the given word.1 . plague b. different a. a violent reaction d. without reason c. a disease2. solitude b. success a. being alone d. right now c. afraid3. define b. to get bigger a. to last a longtime d. to make easier c. to explain clearly4. organism b. a living thing a. a religious building d. to send for c. not believing5. horrifying b. basic a. to get worse d. very unpleasant c. to write quickly

mmChoose the word that is the better fit for each blank.1. shrine/riot There was a ___________ in the city yesterday, butthe___________ was not damaged.2. paraphrased / defined For the book report, I purpose for writing it.3. expand / presently There are 15 members in the group4. avail / solitude His attempt to catch the train was to no waiting for the next one.5. fundamental / worsen The___________ point of my speech was to show that people need to act. If we don’t do something, things will6. linger / scribble the information as fast as I could because I didn’t have time to I tried to.7. dreaded / horrifying plane crash, I After seeing that___8. incredulous / stark She was___________that there could be such a boys’ and girls’ grades.9. organism / summonWe should .scientists from around the world to study this new10. plague / random people were getting sick. Then we realized that a At first we thought .was spreading

Thucydides and the Plague of Athens Thucydides was the world’s first historian. Presently, we get most of our knowledgeabout ancient Greece from his writing. But Thucydides didn’t just write about history, helived through it. However, he almost didn’t survive one historical event: the Plague ofAthens. In 430 BCE, an army attacked the city of Athens, where Thucydides lived. Thousandsof people hid from the army behind Athens’ large walls. The city became very crowdedas the population expanded. Then a horrifying disease broke out. People summoneddoctors. But it was to no avail because no one understood how the disease spread.It seemed random. They didn’t know that it was an organism. Instead, they defineddisease as a punishment from their gods. Thucydides was incredulous that gods causedthe plague, but he explained why others believed it. There was an old, long verse whichpredicted the disease. To paraphrase it, the verse said the gods would send a diseaseduring a war. As a result, large crowds gathered at shrines to ask the gods to stop theplague. But the situation only worsened because these people were so close to eachother they became sick. That’s how they learned a fundamental lesson about the plague:it spread from person to person. People wanted to leave the crowded city, but they dreaded what the army outside woulddo to them. At this time, Thucydides got sick, too. He quickly scribbled down notes becausehe thought he would soon die. His writing shows a stark contrast between people’s behaviorbefore and during the plague. There were riots, and people ignored laws. They didn’t thinkthey’d live long enough to be punished. Many sick people were left to die in solitude becauseno one wanted to be near them. The plague lingered for two years. But luckily, Thucydidessurvived. Without his writing, we would know much less about ancient Greece and the Plagueof Athens.

A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.1 . Presently, a horrifying plague has broken out in Athens.2. At first, people thought the spread of the disease was random.3. The people summoned doctors to no avail.4. Thucydides was incredulous that the plague was caused by an organism.5. By gathering in shrines, people made the plague worse.6. Thucydides luckily survived the plague.P£\EiJ B Answer the questions.1. Why did Athens’ population expand? a. Because the army moved into the city b. Because people were hiding from the army c. Because the army told people to enter d. Because people dreaded the plague2. Thucydides scribbled quickly because .a. there were so many riots b. he had to define the diseasec. he though he’d die soon d. there were too many sick people3. What fundamental lesson did the people learn?a. The plague was a punishment. b. The plague was ended in the shrines,c. The plague was from the army. d. The plague was spread between people.4. What is NOT true of Thucydides? b. He thought gods caused the plague, a. He was the world’s first historian. d. He lived in the city of Athens. c. He survived the Plague of Athens.

automobile [o:tamsbi:l] n.An automobile is a car.-> The first automobiles were very different from the ones that exist today.candidate [ksendideit] n.A candidate is a person who is competing to win something such as a job.-*■Alice is the best candidate for the job.confidential [kdnfidenjal] adj.If something is confidential, it must be kept secret.-*■ The information from the meeting is confidential.corporate [koi/parit] adj.If something is corporate, it is related to a large business.-> Tom enjoys working in the corporate world.enhance [erthaens] v.To enhance something is to make it better.-♦ Amy’s blue shirt really enhances the color of her eyes.era [era] n.An era is a period of time that has something special about it.-> During the medieval era, knights wore protective armor.guideline [gaidlain] n.A guideline is a rule about how to do something.— Before they began the project, the teacher gave them some guidelines.incorporate [ink5:rpareit] v.To incorporate is to add something to another thing.-» I decided to incorporate a new ingredient into my cake recipe.interact [intaraskt] v.To interact is to talk to or do something with another person.-* The kids began to interact when the adults left the room.interval [interval] n.An interval is the time between two things happening.-+ Tony rested for brief intervals while he worked in the yard.

mobile [moubail] adj.If something is mobile, it can be moved easily.-*■Mobile phones are popular because you can take them anywhere.modify [mddafai] v.To modify something is to change it a little bit.-* I modified my outfit by adding a belt to it.parallel [pseralel] adj.If two things are parallel, they are the same distance away from each other.— There are two yellow parallel lines dividing both sides of traffic.phenomenon [findmandn] n.A phenomenon is something that can be seen as it is happening.-*■I was amazed when I saw the phenomenon ofshooting stars.pollute [palut] V.To pollute means to make air, water, or land dirty, unclean, or foul. The careless factory polluted the river with chemicals.ridicule [ridikju:0 *To ridicule is to make fun of something in a mean way.-* The other students ridicule Peter’s foreign accent.solar [soular] adj.If something is solar, it is related to the sun.-* Using solar energy is good for the environment.territory iterator] n.A territory is a piece of land that belongs to a country but isn’t a state.-» Gibraltar is a territory of Great Britain.tournament [tuarnamant] n.A tournament is a competition, usually with many people participating. -* My dad is playing in a golf tournament tomorrow.transportation [traenspa:rteijan] v. Transportation is any type of vehicle that can carry people or things. -+ 1don’t have a car, so my normal transportation is the train.

Choose the word that is the better fit for each blank. 1 . enhance / candidate A survey found that not very many people like the__________ . So he is trying to think of ways to___________ his image and make people like him. 2 . era / solar We live in a(n)___________where people are very concerned about conserving our natural resources. Many people think using___________ energy is a good way to do this. 3. incorporate / pollute The company doesn’t want to___________the air anymore, so they are going to ___________ new rules for disposing waste. 4. corporate / confidential The___________files were locked in the basement. The information in them was about important customers and had to be kept__________ . 5. mobile / phenomenon In the early 1900s, music records were an amazing__________ . People back then would have been even more amazed by today’s ___________ music players. 6. automobile / parallel The old___________ was very large and difficult to drive. Jane had trouble parking it between the___________ lines in the parking lot. 7. ridiculed / transportation Ben didn’t listen to my advice about__________ . Instead, he___________ me and continued to drive fast, eventually causing an accident. 8 . guidelines / intervals The___________for the race are very simple: just run as fast as you can. There will be short___________when you can stop for a drink of water. 9. modify / territories The government decided to ___________ its borders. It made several of its ___________smaller so that it could create a new one.10 . tournament / interact The baseball___________ is always a lot of fun. It allows students from all over the city to___________with each other.

Exercise 2Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. Factories built in the early 1900s contine to unleash chemicals into the air. 2. My soccer team is playing in a competition next weekend. 3. When the new buildings are finished, they will be the same distance away from each other. 4. In order for my science project to work, I need to alter it. 5. Amy hurt Jane’s feelings when she made fun of her. 6. In this period of time, it’s more common for kids to play video games than read books. 7. Kate is very shy and doesn’t like to talk to and do things with the other girls. 8. Tom wants to add more colors into his painting. 9. My grandfather used to race cars across the long distances in endurance races.10. The person competing for the job interviewed very well.Choose the answer that best fits the question. 'J1. Which of the following means confidential? d. secret d. A cara. soft b. compete c. moveable d. A sidewalk d. a mealWhat is the word solar related to? d. Winninga. Lines b. Land c. The sunWhich of these is mobile?a. A tree b. A bus c. A building4. Which of the following is a form of transportation?a. a friend b. an airplane c. a new job.5 Which of these words are related to corporate?a. Business b. Time c. Competition

The Solar Car Race We live in a mobile society. But the cars we drive require too much gas, plus they pollutethe air. Eventually, the natural resources used to make gas will run out. So what happensthen? Many people think solar-powered automobiles are the answer. To learn more aboutthis type of transportation, teams from universities and corporate organizations gather inAustralia every two years for a solar car race. The race is called the World Solar Challenge. Candidates for this tournament mustdesign their own cars. The teams keep all their plans confidential. They don’t interact withother teams because the race is very competitive. And these cars aren’t just enhancedand modified versions of normal cars. They are completely different. The cars only have room for one person and are very simple inside—they don’t evenhave a cushion for the driver to sit on. These cars are shorter and much more flat thannormal cars. Most importantly, the cars incorporate solar panels onto the outside that lieparallel to each other. These panels are made from materials that take in light from thesun and turn it into electric energy. That’s how they move. These cars race over 3,000 kilometers across the Australian territories. The drivers haveto heed strict guidelines. They must stop at certain intervals to charge their batteries. Andunlike normal race cars, they can’t go very fast. They have to drive at the normal speedlimits. Although the drivers want to finish the race quickly, that is not the main goal. Theobjective is to see how well the cars work under normal driving conditions. Because of the World Solar Challenge, a new era in car making and in driving isbeginning. People may ridicule the solar cars because they look strange, but this is aphenomenon that isn’t going away. Using the technology from the vehicles, car makerswill eventually create solar cars for the rest of us.

A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.1. Candidates for this tournament must design their own cars. r2. Before the race, teams keep their plans confidential.~ r%lVC- * 1 :3?S€nt| ~________3. The cars incorporate metal panels on the outside that lie parallel to each other.4. These cars drive less than 3,000 kilometers across the Australian territories.5. The drivers have to heed strict transportation guidelines.6. They must stop at certain intervals to put air in their tires.PQEu1B Answer the questions.1 . What is the most important feature of the racecars?a. The way they pollute b. The simple designc. The solar panels d. The shorter height2. The objective of the race is to find out how the solar cars_____a. drive in normal conditions b. take in energy from the sunc. will help the environment d. can go faster3. Where are the race teams from? b. High schools a. Computer companies d. Corporate organizations c. Australian territories4. Why don’t the teams interact with other teams?a. The race is competitive. b. The teams ridicule each other,c. The rules are strict. d. They don’t know each other. 181*****

r bill [bii] n. A bill is a statement of money owed for goods or a service. - » I have so many bills that I do not know how to pay for them all.r boundary [baundsri] n. A boundary is the line where one area of land stops, and another begins. -* This fence shows the boundary between our yard and yours.r chaos [keias] n. Chaos is a situation that is confusing and not ordered. -+ His presentation was in chaos. I couldn’t understand what he meant. consistent [kansistant] adj. If a person is consistent, they keep the same behavior or attitude. -* Sara comes in every day and is our most consistent worker.r cyclone [saikloun] n. A cyclone is a large storm with heavy rain and winds that spin in a circle. -♦ Hundreds of homes were damaged by the cyclone. d o o m e d [du:md] adj. If someone or something is doomed, they are going to fail or be destroyed. -* Since I spent all my money, my date with Jane is doomed.r heir fear] n. An heir is a person who receives money or property of someone who dies. -»■ The princess was the heir to the king and queen’s throne.r martial [marfal] adj. If something is martial, it is related to fighting or war. -»■ Karate is a martial art that began many years ago in Japan. organic [oxgeenik] adj. If food is organic, it is grown without adding chemicals to it. -» The organic carrots are more expensive, but they’re better for you.r poultry [poultri] n. Poultry is a bird, such as a chicken, that is used for meat and eggs. -* He raises poultry and sells their meat for extra money.

scramble [skraembl] v.To scramble is to move somewhere quickly and desperately.-* The hikers scrambled down the side of the hill.sergeant [sd:rd3snt] n.A sergeant is a soldier or police officer of middle rank.-* He was promoted to sergeant after a year in the army.sheer [pax] adj.If you describe something as sheer, it is complete and very strong.- + 1was impressed by her sheer dedication tojogging.S t a n c e [staens] n.A stance is an attitude about an issue that someone states clearly.-* My stance is that using oil and gas is bad for the environment.telegraph [telegraef] n.A telegraph is a method of sending electric messages on wires.-* In the 1900s, the telegraph was the fastest way to send a message.textile [tekstail] n.Textile is cloth that has been woven or knitted.-»■ The blue textile was going to be used to make blouses.tornado [torneidouj n.A tornado is a tube-shaped formation of air that spins very quickly.-*■ During a tornado, the safest place to be is underground.typhoon [taifu:n] n.A typhoon is a large tropical storm that moves in circles.-♦ Thousands ofpeople lost electricity after a typhoon hitAustralia.Wail [well] v.To wail is to show sadness by crying loudly.-* The baby wailed because it was hungry.wardrobe [wordroub] n.A wardrobe is the collection of all of a person’s clothing.-»■She bought some new clothes to expand her wardrobe.

Choose the answer that best fits the question.1. Which of the following is a kind of storm?a. A typhoon b. A billc. A sergeant d. A boundary2. Which of the following would come from a farm?a. Organic vegetables b. Wool textilesc. A person’s wardrobe d. Short telegraphs3. Which of the following would help students taking a test?a. Reading in chaos b. Sheer luckc. Taking martial arts classes d. Consistent studying4. Who should expect toreceive something?a. A brave sergeant b. A dead man’s heirc. A man with a strongstance d. A man who needs a bill5. Which of the following would be loudest?a. Cooked poultry b. A scrambling womanc. A doomed project d. Wailing children6. Which word is not related to martial arts?a. Taekwondo b. Karatec. Judo d. Tango7. What can a person get from poultry? b. Fruit a. Meat d. Soldiers c. Pants8. What is part of a person’s wardrobe? b. A vegetable a. A dog d. A teacher c. A dress9. Where would you most likely find a sergeant?a. In a store b. In an armyc. In a factory d. In a class10. Which situation is full of chaos? b. Students reading a. A man driving a car d. Armies fighting c. A girl walking

Exercise 2RCMF A Match the phrases to make complete sentences. 1. The heir of Mr. Smith’s fortune . 2. This is a martial matter,_____ . 3. The kids started wailing_____ . 4. I used the telegraph to_____ . 5. Everyone scrambled to_____ . 6. The sergeant ordered the_____ . 7. He’s very consistent and_____ . 8. When the cyclone arrives,_____ . 9. The boundary of my land_____ .10. First we color the textiles,_____ .a. there will be a lot of wind and rain b. when their toys were taken awayc. is the fence not the road d. and the soldiers should take care of ite. other soldiers to march f. never really changes his attitudeg- avoid the rushing water h. and then we make them into clothes.i. will become very rich i- tell my family about the new baby B Match the clauses to make complete sentences. 1. During the summer, we always keep a supply of food and water in the basement 2. He didn’t like a strong central government, 3. He failed the test. 4. 1won’t go to fast food restaurants 5. 1was disappointed 6. The police were called 7. We all took shelter. 8. He quickly took out his credit card. 9. 1want to buy a new suit.10 . She lost a few kilos• a. because I only eat organic food b. because the event turned into chaos: c. so he could pay the bill d. because she ate only poultry and fruit• e. but that doesn’t mean the school years is doomed: f. because of their sheer lack of sportsmanship: g. but my wardrobe is pretty full h. so we knew his stance on politics: i. since the typhoon was raging j. because that’s when tornados are common

The Heirs Martin, Paul and Tom were brothers. They were very different, but they were consistentabout two things. They couldn’t succeed in business, and they never agreed aboutanything. Martin was a hardworking farmer, growing organic vegetables and raisingpoultry. But he was disorganized and forgot to pay his bills. Paul owned a textile factorythat produced clothes. He was organized, but he was greedy and took too much clothing.His wardrobe was filled with his own products. Tom was once a sergeant in the army. Heran a martial arts school, but his stance on discipline was too strong. He had almost nostudents. One day, they received a telegraph saying that their father had died. They were heirsto his old farm. They planned to sell it as soon as possible, so they went to see it eventhough there was a terrible storm. The house didn’t look great, but there was a lot of land.There was so much, in fact, that they could barely see its boundary. Suddenly, the storm got worse. The sheer force of the wind almost knocked themover. Martin said, “Look, it’s a typhoon!” Paul said, “No, it’s a cyclone.” Tom said, “No,it’s a tornado!” They argued until Paul began to wail and said, “Whatever it is, it’s comingright at us! We’re doomed!” The three brothers scrambled inside the old house. Martinsaid, “If we survive, we must stop fighting. This farm could be great if we fixed it up. Withmy hard work, Paul’s organization and Tom’s discipline, we could run a great business together!” The storm finally ended. And luckily, it didn’t wreck the farm. “Just think,” Martin said, “it took the chaos of a typhoon to bring us together.” Paul replied, “You mean a cyclone brought us together.” Tom said, “Didn’t I tell you both that it was a tornado?” The brothers never agreed on what kind of storm it was, but by combining their skills, they started a successful farm.

P/^TF A Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.1. Tom was a farmer who grew organic vegetables and poultry.2. Paul’s wardrobe was filled with clothes from his factory.3. Tom was a sergeant in the army before running a martial arts school.4. Martin’s stance on discipline was too strong.5. The brothers learned of their father’s death through a telegraph.6. The brothers could see the land’s boundary.B Answer the questions.1 . The brothers were consistent about what two things?a. Good farming and arguing b. Bad farming and businessc. Bad business and arguing d. Good business and arguing2. The brothers were almost knocked down by .a. Tom’s bills b. the chaos of the stormc. Paul’s wardrobe d. the sheer force of the wind3. Why wasn’t Paul’s textile factory successful?a. He was greedy and took home clothes, b. He gave away too much money,c. He was too disorganized. d. He was too mean.4. Who was the father’s heir? b. Tom a. Martin d. All three men c. Paul

ED ch apter....................116 c o n t r o v e r s y ........... 140a b s o l u t e ............... 38 background 128 ch a ra c te r.............. 14 convenient............ 104a c c e n t ..................... 110 bait.......................... 128 c h a r i t y ..................... 134 c o p p e r ...................128a c c e s s ................... 50 barber................110 ch arm ..................... 80 c o r e .........................146accident 14 barley................ 158 c h e r is h ................... 146 corporate............... 176a c c o u n t ................. 44 basement 110 choir .......................110 c o r p s e .....................158accurate 140 bead................ so c h o k e ...................... 122 c o z y .........................134admiral.................. 14 beak................ 26 chronicle ••*•..........128 c r a c k ...................... 50admonish 20 beast................. 158 civil.......................... 122 c r i m e .................... 44a f f e c t ..................... 80 belly................. 74 civilization............ 104 c r is is ....................... 158afflicted.................. 116 beloved............ 92 c la s s ify ••••............ 62 c r o s s ....................... 122a irc r a ft ................... 152 beneficial 164 c lim a te .................. 92 cr ucial.................... 164a i s l e ......................... 116 betray............... 122 cluster 8 crum ble................ 86a l a s ......................... 38 beverage 8 c o lo n e l.............. 158 cu ltiv a te ***** 8a ll i a n c e ................ 68 beware............. 20 c o m b in e ............... 8 c u l t u r e .................. 68alongside 56 bid................... 74 c o m ic .......................110 cumulative............ 164alternative 74 b ill...................................1 8 2 co m m e n t ............... 122 cunning *............... 146a lth ough ............... 92 bind........................ 98 com m erce.............. 134 c u r e .........................158altogether 98 birthplace 164 comparative 164 cu rr e n t.................. 74a n a l y z e ..................140 blank........................ 110 compassion ••••••• 146 c u s t o m ................. 98a n im a te................. 62 blast....................... 122 c o m p la in .............. 92 cyberspace 32a p p e t i t e ............... 56 blink........................ 110 com plicate.............110 cyclone —..............182applause 68 blow................ 74 comprehensive •• 164a p p ly ...................... 92 boundary............... 182 c o n c e a l ................ 44a r c .......................... 14 bracelet.................. 1 22 c o n c e d e ............... 62arch itect............... 44 brag........................ 20 concept *••••.......... 62 damp............... 26 decade............. 62a r m e d ................... 68 breakdown............. 116 c o n c r e te .................152 decisive............. 152 decline.............. 110a r o m a ................... 8 breeze................... 56 c o n d e m n ............... 134 deed................ 44 defense............ 68a s s i s t ..................... 56 brew................. 80 c o n d e n s e d ........... 8 define............... 170 deformed........... 158a ssu m ption ........... 158 brick................. 86 c o n d u c t................ 50 defy................. 56 den.......................... 104a ste ro id ..................140 bruise................... 98 confidential ••••••• 176 dent........................ 122 deplete............. 134a t m o s p h e r e .......... 116 bury....................... 92 conflict .......... 74 deposit........................ 164 destiny............. 80attentive............... 38 c o n f u s e ................. 92 detail............... 68 device.............. 50au d ib le .................. 20 c o n n e c t .................. 116 dew................... 104 diagram............ 62a u th o r..................... 116 conscience ........ 14 disagree........... 20authoritative 68 c o n s c io u s ............ 20autog rap h ............ 80 c a n d i d a t e .............. 176 consent *•** 146 c a p a c i t y .................. 164a u to m o b ile........... 176 cape-****...............** 38 c o n s e r v e ............. *164 c a rg o ........................116a v a il......................... 170 c e a s e ...................... 122 c o n s i s t e n t .............. 182 ce leb rity .................152a v e n u e .................. 74 ce rem ony.............. 68 c o n s ta n t............... 50 c h a o s ...................... 182a w a it ...................... 92 co n stru ct............ 62a w e s o m e .............. 20 c o n t a g i o u s ........ 158a w h ile ................... 32 contemporary 8 continent ••••• 74

d i s a p p r o v e .......... 26 e v o l v e .....................140 g e n re...................... 69 incorporated i s c r i m i n a t e .......... 158 incredulousd i s e a s e ..................128 e x c e p t ...................* 26 g l i m p s e ................. 98 in d ex .......d is o b e d ie n t ........ 98 indirect •«d i s p la y .................. 56 exception 69 g lo b a l...................... 32 i n f e c t .....disrespect............. 74 influencedistribute............... 164 exit .......104 g l o v e ........................ 111 injure *•**distrust................... 122 instituted i v e r s e .................. 68 e x o t ic ...................... 165 g o o d s ...................... 134 integratedivin e..................... 8 intellectuald i z z y ....................... 146 e x p a n d ....................170 grapefruit 14 interact---d o o m e d ..................182 interval —d o u g h ................... 86 express *...... 86 g r a t it u d e .............. 44 intervened r a s t i c .....................104 irritable •• e x t i n c t ..................... 152 g r i n d ....................... 146 isolatedread................ 170 i t c h .......... extinguish .............159 g r i p ......................... 50 i v y ............d u e ......................... 92 gro w l....................... 146 a g u id e lin e ............... 176 jealousy ■ ju s tly ....... g y m n a s iu m .......... 32 Kecho ........ 20 fa cto r...................... 140 0] fa in t....................... 32 kerosenee c o n o m y ............... m fe d e ral.................165 habitat............... 4 4 fe e b le ................. 56 □e d i t ......................... 32 ferry....................... 62 50h a lt..................... fie ry .................... 14 l a g ...........efficient................ 56 fis t...................... 86 handy.................. 62 landmark f le s h ...................... 14 h arass..................159 law ••*•*•*•e m b a s s y .................159 flexible............... 86 h a rd y................... 152 lean ••••*• flig h t...................... 26 h a rsh .................. 75 l e a s h .......em pire ........ 134 flin t.......................... 159 h a y ..................... 14 leather •** flip ........................ 116 h e e d .................... 134 lecture —e n c h a n t .* 68 f lo c k .................... 104 h e ir...................... 182 legal . flu s h ................... 86 herm it................ 111 l i d ............e n c l o s e ................ 50 fo ld ...................... 104 highlight............. 32 l in g e r ..... fo lk ..................... 38 h in t......................... 20 l in in g .....e n h a n c e .................176 folklore ..................128 hitchhike............. 134 literature fo n d .................... 26 h o o p ................... 98 lively .enthusiasm ------ 74 foresee............... 98 longing*** forgive................... 56 80h o r n ....................e n tir e .................... 92 formation............. 165 fort........................123 horrified............. 14e n v i s i o n ............... 38 fo ste r...................146 horrifying............... 170 fo u n d ...................123 h u m id ................. 8e q u a t o r .................. 165 frequency............ 165 fundamental 170equilibrium 146 furnace............... 93equip ................ 69e r a ............................176e r r a n d ..................... 110e s s a y .................... 32 identical 140e s t a b l i s h .............. 93 id io t ......................... 21e s t e e m e d .............. 152 i d l e ...........................117e t c . ............................ 116 ig n o r a n t ............... 32eth ical.............. *••• 152 immense .......... 21e v a l u a t e ............... 32 immoral................ 26evenly ....... 38 g e n e t ic ................... 140 impact 69 g e n o m e ..................140e v e n tu a l............... 20 impending* 50

l o o m ....................... 104 n ightm are............. 81 pinpoint 21 religion.............. 129 l o o p ....................... 15 n o r .......................... 57 replace............. 51 lump ...................... 86 n o t if y .......................117 pit.................... 27 rescue.............. 75 lu r e ......................... 69 n u m e r o u s ............. 63 research........... 93 n u r t u r e ....................153 pity................... 135 reserve............. 111 n u t r i t i o n ................. 159 resolution......... 33 n u tritio u s............. 81 plague...............171 resolve............. 45 resource........... 45 plantation 9 retain.................117 review.............. 63 ui plea................. 63 ridicule.............. 177 rife.................... 123 plead............... 99 rim................... 27 riot.....................171 m a j e s t i c ................. 57 pleasure........... 38 rip.................... 99 role.................. 39 m a j o r i t y ...................141 m poison .............. 105 roost................ 27 ruin.................. 87 m a m m a l................. 141 pollute...............177 rumor............... 57 rural.................. 153 m a r t ia l ................... 182 o b j e c t i v e ................165 ponder............. 111 J m a s s ....................... 123 o b l i g e ................... 45 pop.................. 39 sake................. 99 m a t u r e .................. 93 oblivious 26 poultry.............. 182 sane.................. 147 saucer............... 147 m axim ize.............. 80 o b s t a c l e ............... 69 pray.................. 123 scramble........... 1 8 3 scrape.............. 99 m e a n tim e ............. 75 o d o r ........................ 8 predator............ 147 scribble..............171 scribe................ 135 m e a s u r e ............... 93 o f f e n s e .................. 45 presently............171 script............... 111 search.............. 111 m e l t ....................... 38 offspring................. 141 principle............ 153 secluded........... 153 semester.......... 33 m e m o r a b le .......... 45 o p e r a t e ................. 33 prior................. 93 sentence.......... 45 sergeant............ 183 m i d s t ..................... 93 o p t io n ................... 21 private............. 33 shatter............. 87 sheer................ 183 mighty ................... 105 o rg a n ic................... 182 proclaim........... 45 shelter............. 69 shield................ 105 m i g r a t e .................. 153 organism 170 promote............ 129 shrine................171 shrink............... 39 m illennium ...........128 outraged .............. 57 promptly............ 159 shutter............. 87 sift................... 87 miniature .......... 159 overhead 153 protein............. 81 m is c h ie f ............... 75 o x y g e n ..................... 165 pudding........... 39 m is e r y ................... 93 m isfortune........... 98 mixture.................. 86 moan ........... 26 paddle............. 15 raft................... 15 m o bile..................... 177 palate.............. 9 rail................... 39 m o c k ........................135 paradise........... 9 rainforest 165 m o d e ..................... 51 parallel...............177 raisin .................117 moderation........... 147 paraphrase........ 170 rally.................. 45 m odify..................... 177 particle............ 63 random..............171 m o r a l ..................... 33 pastime............ 21 rapid................ 9 m u l t i p l y ...................141 patch................ 38 rate.................. 9 m u s c l e .................. 75 pea....................117 recent............... 33 m u sh roo m .............105 per................... 99 recipe............... 39 m y t h ....................... 129 perfect............. 21 reconcile 87 perish.............. 27 reduce............... 135 persecute.......... 135 reed.................. 105 perspire........... 51 refrain.............. 63 n ative...................... 105 pessimistic 57 regulate..............141 n e g a t iv e ............... 98 n e u tr a l....................135 pesticide............141 reinforce.............141 phenomenon 177 relate................ 129190

sig n a tu re.............. 81 suit.................. 39 □ w orsen ........... 171s l a m ....................... 111s l a p ....................... 57 sum .................. 129 unfortunate 117 w orth w h ile .......... 63s l i g h t ..................... 87 unity................. 135s lip p e r y ................. 27 summon 171 update.............. 129 w r e c k ...................... 15s l y ........................... 51 upright............. 63s m a s h ................... 57 supply.............. 69 urban................ 105s n a p ...................... 51 utter................. 87s n a t c h ..................... 147 surrender 63 utterly.............. 27 □s o a k ....................... 39s o a r ....................... 27 swamp.............. 153 z o o l o g y ....................153s o l a r ........................177s o l e .........................123 sway................. 105 z o o m ........................ 81s o litu d e ...................171s o o th in g ............... 9 sweep............... 123s o p h istic a ted 63s o r t ......................... 69 switch.............. 21s o u r ....................... 15s o u r c e ................... 99 usp a rk ...................... 39s p a r k le .................. 87 technician ......... 159 vain ....................... 69s p e c i e s .................. 153 valid ...................... 51s p ir it ...................... 39 telegraph........... 183 v a n ......................... 81s prin k le................. 87 v a rie ty ................... 93s t a g g e r ................... 147 teller................. 129 v a r y ....................... 9s t a i r c a s e .............. 111 v a s t ......................... 141stake ..................... 15 temper.............. 135 v e g e t a r ia n ............. 141s t a l e ...................... 87 v e h e m e n t ............. 99s t a n c e .................... 183 tend................. 51 vein .........................129s t a r k ........................ 171 v e n o m .....................129s t a t e ........................117 tense ................ 147 v e r s io n .................. 51s t e r n ...................... 99 v i c t o r ...................... 135s t e w a r d ................. 15 terrain.............. 75 v i o l e n c e ............... 75stitch ..................... 99 v iv id ..........................117s t o r m y ..................... 105 territory............. 177 v o lu n te er.............. 45stra te g y .................. 165 v o m i t .......................117stricke n .................. 141 textile ............... 183s t r in g ..................... 15s t u ff ....................... 81 texture............. 9stu m b le.................. 147s u b c o n sc io u s 81 thorn................ 15s u b j e c t .................. 57s u b t l e ................... 9 thorough 21su cce s s io n ........... 75 throne............... 135 thump.............. 99 timid................ 75 torment............ 21 tornado............. 183 tournament 177 E3 toxic................. 9 transportation ••••177 w a d e ........................105 traverse............. 153 w a g e ...................... 57 tray....................117 w a il.......................... 183 treachery 123 w a r d r o b e ............... 183 trivial............... 27 w a rn ....................... 81 tropics .............. 159 w e e p ...................... 27 trustworthy........ 129 w e ird ...................... 33 tuck................... 123 w h a ts o e v e r .......... 51 tumble.............. 147 w h e r e a s ............... 57 typewritten 33 w ith h old.................147 typhoon............. 183 w itn e s s .................. 45 typical.............. 27 w o o d e d .................. 165 workout 81 191