2018 Sec 1 Geo MYE ANS

Class Index NumberName : __________________________________________ METHODIST GIRLS’ SCHOOL Founded in 1887Monday MID-YEAR EXAMINATION 20187 May 2018 Secondary 1 (Answers) Geography 50 minsINSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATESWrite your class, index number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.Section A – Short Answer Questions (10 marks)Answer all questions.Section B – Structured Questions (15 marks)There are two structured questions. Answer one question only.Begin Section B on a fresh sheet of paper.Write all answers on the writing paper provided.INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATESAt the end of the examination, submit your answers to Sections A and B separately. Fasten allyour work for each section securely together if you use more than one sheet of writing paper.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.The total number of marks for this paper is 25. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Total (25) This question paper consists of 8 printed pages.

Page 2 of 8 Section A Short Answer Questions (10 marks)Answer all short answer questions.1. Figure 1 shows the energy consumption by each country between 2010 and 2015. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration [1] Fig.1a. Identify the country that has the lowest energy consumption.South Korea [1]b. Which country has the greatest increase in energy consumption? [1]India [1]c. What is the change in the percentage of energy consumption of Canada between 2010 and2015? Give your answers to one decimal place. [1]% change = 15.1− 13.9 × 100% = 8.6% [1] 13.9d. Describe the difference in the energy consumption of Japan and India between 2010 and2015. Support your answer with evidence. [2]Energy consumption of Japan decreases from 21.5 quad Btu in 2010 to 19.5 quad Btu in2015 / by 2.0 quad Btu, while that of India increases from 23.8 quad Btu in 2010 to 28.3quad Btu in 2015 / by 4.5 quad Btu.Energy consumption of India is consistently higher than that of India, above 22 quad Btu.Methodist Girls’ School Geography Sec 1 Mid-Year Examination 2018

Page 3 of 82. Figure 2 shows the global distribution of the tropical rainforest. Source: https://scienceworldbiomes.weebly.com/tropical-rainforest.html [2] Fig. 2 [1] [1]a. Name the regions, X and Y accordingly. [1] X – Amazon Rainforest [1] & Y – Southeast Asia [1]b. In which continent does region Z belong to? Z – Africa [1]c. Which climatic region does the distribution of tropical rainforest fall within? Tropical/ Equatorial region [1]d. Name the continent with the largest proportion of land covered by tropical rainforest. South America [1]Methodist Girls’ School Geography Sec 1 Mid-Year Examination 2018

Page 4 of 8 Structured Questions (15 marks) There are 2 questions in this Section. Answer either question 3 or question 4.3(a) Fig. 3 shows the energy consumption by different energy sources in 2009 and 2016. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009 & 2017 Fig. 3(a)(i) With reference to Fig. 3, describe and explain the changes in the use of fossil fuels. [3] (ii) [3] • The consumption of natural gas increases from 25% in 2009 to 29% in 2017. [0.5] • It is a cleaner source of energy / It emits less carbon dioxide / due to the discovery of more shale gas. [1] • The consumption of coal decreases from 21% in 2009 to 15% in 2017. • The mining of coal is regulated by the government/ more companies are turning away from coal due to the increase in carbon tax/ contributes to more pollution. Describe and explain the change in the consumption of renewable energy. • The consumption of renewable energy increases from 8% in 2009 to 10% in 2016. [1] Any two of the following [2] • It is a clean source of energy i.e. lesser pollution and contribution to greenhouse gases. • It is unlimited/ infinite/ can be replenished.Methodist Girls’ School Geography Sec 1 Mid-Year Examination 2018

Page 5 of 8 [4](b) Give two advantages and two disadvantages of nuclear energy. [5] Advantages (Award one mark each for any two of the following) • It generates more energy. One nuclear plant generate a million times more electrical energy than hydroelectric power or wind power • Fewer raw materials are needed. 50 tonnes of uranium per year compared to a coal-fired station which need 540 tonnes of coal. • Cheaper than fossil fuel. Electricity generated from nuclear energy is cheaper than electricity generated from fossil fuel. Disadvantages (Award one mark each for any two of the following) • Nuclear waste can remain radioactive for years and there are difficulties in reprocessing and storing nuclear waste. Leakages of radioactive waste pose a threat to the environment. • Building nuclear power plants can be costly and each plant takes as long as 20 years to build. The cost of shutting down is extremely high too. • Nuclear energy is not renewable as uranium deposits can only last a limited period. •(c) What are the causes of an energy crisis? Declining Supply • Most of the energy sources are from fossil fuels and it is non-renewable and therefore, it is limited. [1] Increasing Demand • There is an increased demand for energy due to industrial growth by some countries such as India and China [1] • More factories means more energy is needed to power the industries and make steel which needed coal [1] • There is also an increase in affluence in many countries in the world, which leads to more consumption of energy. [1] • With the increase in affluence, many people in these countries would be able to afford and buy more electrical appliances, which need energy to run. This would increase energy consumption. [1]Methodist Girls’ School Geography Sec 1 Mid-Year Examination 2018

Page 6 of 84. Fig. 4A shows the structure of an tropical rainforest. Z Source: iGCSE Oct/Nov 2015 [3] Fig. 4A(a) With reference to Fig. 4, describe the structure of the tropical rainforest labelled X, Y and Z. • X : Emergent layer has the tallest trees of between 40 and 50 metres. Emergent trees are very tall, with straight and smooth trunks. [1] • Y : Canopy layer has trees between 20 and 30 metres. Their crowns form a continuous/ unbroken layer, like an umbrella, which blocks out 90% of the sun’s rays from reaching the forest floor and also catches much of the rainfall. [1] • Z : Shrub layer has bushes and saplings. Their growth is also slow and restricted due to the limited sunlight that passes through the continuous canopy layer. [1]Methodist Girls’ School Geography Sec 1 Mid-Year Examination 2018

Page 7 of 8(b) Fig. 4B shows the features of trees found in a tropical rainforest. Source: https://www.americanroadmagazine.com/ and [3] http://phytophactor.fieldofscience.com/2013/04/ Fig. 4BDescribe how the features of trees shown in Fig 4B has adapted to the climate they growin. • Buttress roots [1/2m] that grown from 1 to 5 metres above the ground. [1/2m] (compulsory point to be made) • Buttress roots support the very tall trees that grow in the tropical rainforest due to the favourable climatic conditions of high rainfall and high temperature. (compulsory point to be made) Any of the following points for 1 more mark • Leaves have drip tips that allow heavy rain to flow off easily, preventing fungi or bacteria growth • Leaves are also broad and waxy to capture maximum sunlight for photosynthesis in a dense forest. • Tree trunks are straight and tall with branches spread out at the top of the trees to help them obtain maximum amount of sunlight. • Bark of tress are smooth to allow the heavy rain to flow from the crown to the roots of the trees to prevent fungi or bacteria growth/ allow water to flow faster to the ground. • Trees in TRFs have shallow roots to absorb the nutrients found on the top layer of the soil as rapid decomposition of fallen leaves and branches provide the nutrients. [Not accepted]Methodist Girls’ School Geography Sec 1 Mid-Year Examination 2018

Page 8 of 8(c) What is deforestation? Describe three human activities that have caused rapid [4]deforestation of tropical rainforests.• Deforestation is the cutting down or the removal of all or most of the trees in a forested area. [1m]Any of the three points below for 3 marks• Agriculture in the form of large-scale commercial farming like plantations that grow cash crops have brought about rapid deforestation as large areas of rainforests arecleared and converted into farmlands.• Cattle ranching also cleared large areas of tropical rainforests to make way forlarge farms to raise cattle and for them to graze.• Commercial logging is the cutting down of trees for timber, which has become a high demand.• Tropical rainforests are also cleared to establish mines for precious metals andgemstones, and to construct roads to transport the mined materials.(d) Explain how the tropical rainforest provide important resources to people. [5] Any 5 points below for 5 marks • Tropical rainforests provide timber for 1/5 of the world’s timber industry. Timber is wood used to make things like furniture, artefacts and houses. • Tropical hardwoods are greatly valued for its durability, strength, texture and beauty. • Trees from tropical rainforest also provide wood for fuel in countries where it is used for cooking. • Tropical rainforest provides a huge source of medicine with many of its plants and fruits having medicinal values. • Indigenous people living in the tropical rainforests have been dependent on the rainforests for daily necessities like food, clothing and medicine. • Food is obtained by hunting and gathering, or agriculture on the land. • Some indigenous people are shifting cultivators who use the land to grow fruits and medicine by clearing land every few years as they move from one plot to the next.Methodist Girls’ School Geography Sec 1 Mid-Year Examination 2018