2018 Sec 2 GI Handbook

TOA PAYOH CENTRAL Geographical Investigation Secondary 2BACKGROUND OF TOA PAYOH Location of Toa PayohToa Payoh, in the Hokkien dialect, translates as\"big swamp\" (with \"Toa\" meaning \"big\" and \"Payoh\"meaning \"swamp\"). The name references the largeswampy area that the town used to be.The clearance works for the development of thetown was delayed by 2 years, due to the initialresistance from squatters living in the area. In1962, however, the squatters began moving out ofthe site. It was then prepared in 1964, in time forHDB's second five-year building programme in1965. Adapted from HDB website

Introduction to GI: What makes some places in theneighbourhood special to its residents?Housing is a challenging and complex issue faced by many cities today. ThoughSingapore does not face the problem of widespread housing shortages, it is critical thatSingapore provides inclusive housing for its people. The neighbourhood contains manygathering places of everyday life. It is a place where interactions among residents oftenhappen and over time, residents gradually develop a strong sense of place and belonging(i.e., sense of familiarity and attachment) to the neighbourhood. However, as peopleidentify and relate to the neighbourhood in different ways, the relationships and memoriesformed, and meanings that residents attach to these places would also be different. Thisgeographical investigation provides you with an opportunity to explore yourneighbourhood, discover places that are special to its residents and understand thereasons why these places are special to them as well as how the characteristics of theseplaces may contribute to the residents’ sense of familiarity and attachment.Tasks Subject MarksTask 1Task 2 Group’s understanding of GI question 4m ● Ask questions to understand the focus of the GITask 3Task 4 Individual Research 4m ● Determine the types of data required to answer theTask 5 GI question ● Conduct preliminary scan using online and print materials Group Research 6m ● Conduct fieldwork Group End Product 10m ● Interpret, analyse and represent data gathered ● Construct group response to the GI question ● Present and communicate conclusion using an end product Individual Reflection 6m ● Reflect on the learning and experience Identify strengths, limitations and possible ways of improving the investigation Total 30m 2

Form your groupEach group should consist of a. 1 Group Leader b. 2 Recorder/ Secretary c. 1-2 Resource Representative/Roles Duties ● Keeps group members focused on the topic of the discussion or on the task. ● Leads discussion on the distribution of work and responsibilities and ensures that every group member is in Group Facilitator ● agreement. Encourages all group members to participate actively in ● discussions, ● Monitors that work is done by all, Helps to manage any disagreements between group ● members. ● Takes notes of the group discussions and the decisions made.Recorder/ Secretary Helps each group member keep track of progress in the GI by (2 members) recording down what is to be done by each group member, ● and by when. Helps the teacher by providing a summary of each group member and the group's current progress when asked to do so. Resource ● Takes charge of, and maintains backup copies of all materialsRepresentative given by the teacher, such as GI Logs, consent forms, etc. Checker ● Takes charge of, and maintains backup copies of all the resources and research information gathered by every group member. ● Collects and returns all equipment borrowed. ● Checks that all group members understand the ideas discussed and made by the group. ● Checks the content of the end-product, the bibliography, the use of data, etc., for accuracy, spelling, grammar, etc. ● Checks the quality of GI end product by checking against the rubrics provided. 3

Use the GI QuestionBefore you begin your investigation, let’s examine the GI question ‘What makes someplaces in the neighbourhood special to its residents?’ carefully. We can better understandthe focus of the GI question by first identifying the keywords and phrases in the question.Secondly, we can also generate some guiding questions to break down the task intosmaller parts. What?How? Why? Places in Toa Payoh neighbourhood that are special to its residents Who? Where & When? 4

Task 1- Group’s understanding of GI question (4m)With the GI question in mind, our group agreed on the following two guiding questions.These guiding questions are selected as we consider them to be most relevant to ourunderstanding of the GI question and they will guide us in our investigation.1. ……………………………………………………………………………...because……………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………2.………………………………………………………..…………………….because………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………Task 2 - Individual Research (4m)Gather secondary data through library and online researchBased on the guiding questions, you will need to conduct library and online research tofind out the information available that would help you to conduct your GI in yourneighbourhood.In your research, you need to investigate at least the following guiding questions:a. What are the reasons and characteristics (e.g., natural, cultural,aesthetical design) of places that may make some places in neighbourhoodsspecial to different groups of residents?b. What is the profile of the residents, the history, development andcharacteristics of the assigned neighbourhood?Through your research on the above guiding questions, it should help you understand thatdifferent residents may feel differently about the places in the neighbourhood for variousreasons. You would also gain a better understanding of the assigned neighbourhood forthis GI. This information will help you when you collect primary data and analyse data atthe later stages of the GI. 5

Task 3 - Group Research (6m)Gather secondary data through library and online researchBased on the individual research done by members, produce a collated group research inthe space provided below. The group research should provide comprehensive informationto address the guiding questions.a. Describe the characteristics (e.g., natural, cultural, aesthetical design) ofplaces and explain the reasons that may make some places inneighbourhoods special to different groups of residents.b. Describe the profile of the residents, the history, development andcharacteristics of the assigned neighbourhood.Task 4 - Group End Product (10m)For your group end product, use a multimedia presentation to present your findings (10marks). Your group end product should include the following:1. Understanding of the GI question2. Key points of group research3. Map of the neighbourhood4. Maps, tables or graphs and quotes showing the places in theneighbourhood that are special to its residents and their reasons5. Annotated photographs showing the characteristics of places that maymake these places special to its residents6. Analysis and explanations of the data collected on where and whyresidents find some places in the neighbourhood special7. Conclusion to the GI question8. Reflections on the GI tasksQuestions to consider:- Where are the places that are special to its residents in the neighbourhood? Whattype of places are they? Who goes there frequently? How are the placesdistributed?- How did the residents describe these places? What adjectives were used?- What were the residents’ stories/ memories about these places? How has thedevelopment over time affected the residents’ sense of familiarity and attachment?- What are the residents’ reasons why these places are special? Are the reasonsmore functional, emotional or historical? 6

Task 5 - Individual Reflection (6m)You are to use the given template and write a reflection of your learning experience andidentify the insights gained from the analysis of class data as well as reflect on thelearning experience and identify strengths, limitations and possible ways to improve theinvestigation.As your classmates are assigned to different survey sites, it will be beneficial if you canexchange and share your survey results with one another.Thereafter, you may compare the results as you answer the following questions. a. Where are the places that are special to its residents in the neighbourhood? Is there a pattern? Do the places have similar or different characteristics? b. What are the residents’ reasons why these places are special? Is there a pattern? c. Is the data from different groups similar or different?In your reflection, you are required to address the following questions.Based on your primary findings and data from other groups, 1. What makes some places in the neighbourhood special to its residents? Why do I say so? Is this conclusion similar or different from my group’s conclusion? Why? 2. What are the strengths of our investigation? 3. Limitations of our investigation 4. Possible ways of improving our investigation 7

Gathering primary data through fieldworkIn this section, your group will need to carry out a series of activities to collect primary data to helpyou answer the GI question. Your group will need to do the following: ● Construct a questionnaire and conduct interviews; and ● Observe and take photographs showing the characteristics of places in the neighbourhood.A series of recording sheets are designed to help you to record the required data from the field.Use these recording sheets when you are conducting your fieldwork and make use of the datagathered to complete your group’s end product later.BEFOREBefore your group conducts the fieldwork, you will need to ensure that you have brought along thefollowing materials: ● Geographical Investigation Log ● Writing materials ● Clipboard with paper for field sketching and note-taking ● Camera (for photo-taking and videos) ● Cap ● Poncho or umbrella ● Sun block ● Water bottleDURINGWhen conducting the fieldwork, you will need to do the following: ● Follow the safety guidelines and conduct ● Remind each other of each group member’s allocated responsibilities ● Stay on task and complete the fieldwork activities within the given time frameAFTERAt the end of the fieldwork, ensure that you have completed the following before you leave the fieldsite: ● Complete the recording sheets ● Complete the reflection exercise worksheet 8

Important Information & Instructions:By the end of the field trip, you should complete the following activities: ❏ Item 1: [Map] Find out your exact location and mark it on the map provided. ❏ Item 2: [Survey Interview] Complete at least 5 questionnaires per group member ❏ Item 3: [Photographs/ videos] Take photos or videos of the following activities. ❏ the goods and services available at the ground level shops of Toa Payoh Central ❏ the facilities and amenities available in the area ❏ the types of housing/ flats in the area i.e. the height, design, size etc. ❏ the activities people are engaged in, i.e. marketing, having their meals, shopping etc. ❏ the people (sex, age, occupation etc) present in the area, excluding your schoolmate and teachers who are there for GI ❏ Item 4: [Field Sketching] Note: If there is insufficient time, take a photo of the landmark and sketch it in school. ❏ annotate field sketches of interesting landscapes/ landmarks/ features of the area ❏ Item 5: [Land Use Survey] List down the shops at the respective and identify the types of services available. ❏ the goods and services available at the ground level shops of Toa Payoh Central ❏ Item 6: [Immediate Post-fieldwork Personal Reflections] Record your thoughts, feelings as well as actions (related to data collection) today. 9

LOCALITY MAPa. Location of FieldworkName of the neighbourhood: Toa Payoh CentralSATELLITE MAPItem 1: Indicate your current location on the map below and draw anoutline to mark out the boundaries of the neighbourhood clearly in the map. 10

b. Sampling & SurveySampling is a method used when deciding who to interview. For this GI, all the residents living inthe neighbourhood where your group will be carrying out your investigation makes up the“population”. However, it is not possible for your group to interview every person in the population.A selection or also known as sampling method will thus need to be used.Notes on SamplingRandom sampling refers to collecting data at random intervals. In this GI, it could meanapproaching anyone you see sitting at the void deck of an HDB flat to participate in your survey.You have no prior selection criteria in mind.Systematic sampling refers to collecting data at regular intervals. In this GI, it could meanapproaching every 3rd person leaving the market.Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Can you think of one advantage and onedisadvantage for each method? Jot down your answer in the table below. Method Advantage DisadvantageRandom SamplingSystematic Sampling*You may also refer to your Sec 2 textbook for more information.Discuss within your group and decide on the sampling method that your group would like to usewhen carrying out the interview. Record your group’s decision and rationale in the space providedbelow. 11

b. Survey Questionnaire (30-45 min)Item 2: Each student is required to collect at least five interview responses.Objective: ● To identify the places that are special to the residents ● To understand the reasons why these places in the neighbourhood are special to themHow do you conduct an Interview?It is necessary to prepare yourself mentally for approaching strangers to participate in an interview.Think through the following suggested steps and plan your script accordingly. 1. Identify the potential respondent according to the sampling method you/your class has decided on. 2. Introduce yourself: a. Approach the potential respondent politely, beginning with ‘Excuse me Sir/Madam.’ b. Introduce your name (as well as that of your partner if applicable), role (i.e., student) and school. 3. Provide information about your purpose: a. State that you would like to conduct an interview with them for a school project. b. Explain the purpose of the school project briefly. 4. Invite the respondent: a. State the estimated duration of the interview. b. Ask for his/her permission to proceed. If the person declines, thank him/her politely anyway. 5. Guidelines when conducting the interview: a. Either you as the interviewer or your partner should jot down the responses on copies of the questionnaire survey prepared beforehand. b. Remain cheerful and polite at all times and avoid passing comments or making funny faces about the response. c. When unsure of the response, you may ask more questions to clarify with the respondents. 6. Showing appreciation: Thank the respondent for his/her time after the interview is completed.Good morning Sir/Madam,My name is ________________ . I am a student from Methodist Girls’ School. We are here in ToaPayoh today, working on a survey of this neighbourhood.Can I do the survey with you?[If no] Thank you for your time. Have a good day.[If yes] Great! Before we start, I will like to inform you that all your answers are completelyconfidential and you are free to skip any question or end the survey at any point.Commence interview… refer to the interview questions on the next pageThank you for your time sir/ madam and have a good day. 12

Purpose: 5b How would you describe your favourite place to people who aren’t familiar with it? Please chooseTo discover places that are special to the residents and the characteristic(s)understand the reasons why these places in theneighbourhood are special to them.Date, time and duration of interview:D D MMY Y 2 4: H RSection A: Profile of Respondent 6a Besides your favourite place, please list the other place(s) in the neighbourhood that is(are) special/1 Where do you live? Please provide the block matter to you. number and street name. 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________2 What is your age group? Please pick one of the 3. __________________________________ boxes below. 6b Please state the reasons why the places listed in❏ 13-20 ❏ 51-60 6a are special/ matter to you.❏ 21-30 ❏ 61-70 ________________________________________❏ 31-40 ❏ 71-80 ______________________________________❏ 41-50 ❏ 80 years old < _______________________________________3 How long have you lived in this neighbourhood? Section C: Craft your own questions 7 Question:_______________________________❏ Less than 3 years❏ 3 to less than 5 years 8 Question:_______________________________❏ 5 to less than 10 years❏ 10 to less than 15 years 9 Question:_______________________________❏ More than 15 yearsSection B: Questions for Respondent4 The table below shows some places in your neighbourhood. Please rank the top 3 places that you frequent, with 1 being the most frequent place that you visit in a week.❏ Wet Market ❏ Park❏ Neigbourhood❏ Community Centreshops ❏ Residents’ Corner❏ Coffee shop ❏ Playground❏ Playground ❏ Others: _________5a Where is your favourite place in the neighbourhood? Why? Thank you for your time Sir/ Madam & Have a good day. 13

Purpose: 5b How would you describe your favourite place to people who aren’t familiar with it? Please chooseTo discover places that are special to the residents and the characteristic(s)understand the reasons why these places in theneighbourhood are special to them.Date, time and duration of interview:D D MMY Y 2 4: H RSection A: Profile of Respondent 6a Besides your favourite place, please list the other place(s) in the neighbourhood that is(are) special/1 Where do you live? Please provide the block matter to you. number and street name. 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________2 What is your age group? Please pick one of the 3. __________________________________ boxes below. 6b Please state the reasons why the places listed in❏ 13-20 ❏ 51-60 6a are special/ matter to you.❏ 21-30 ❏ 61-70 ________________________________________❏ 31-40 ❏ 71-80 ______________________________________❏ 41-50 ❏ 80 years old < _______________________________________3 How long have you lived in this neighbourhood? Section C: Craft your own questions 7 Question:_______________________________❏ Less than 3 years❏ 3 to less than 5 years 8 Question:_______________________________❏ 5 to less than 10 years❏ 10 to less than 15 years 9 Question:_______________________________❏ More than 15 yearsSection B: Questions for Respondent4 The table below shows some places in your neighbourhood. Please rank the top 3 places that you frequent, with 1 being the most frequent place that you visit in a week.❏ Wet Market ❏ Park❏ Neigbourhood❏ Community Centreshops ❏ Residents’ Corner❏ Coffee shop ❏ Playground❏ Playground ❏ Others: _________5a Where is your favourite place in the neighbourhood? Why? Thank you for your time Sir/ Madam & Have a good day. 14

Purpose: 5b How would you describe your favourite place to people who aren’t familiar with it? Please chooseTo discover places that are special to the residents and the characteristic(s)understand the reasons why these places in theneighbourhood are special to them.Date, time and duration of interview:D D MMY Y 2 4: H RSection A: Profile of Respondent 6a Besides your favourite place, please list the other place(s) in the neighbourhood that is(are) special/1 Where do you live? Please provide the block matter to you. number and street name. 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________2 What is your age group? Please pick one of the 3. __________________________________ boxes below. 6b Please state the reasons why the places listed in❏ 13-20 ❏ 51-60 6a are special/ matter to you.❏ 21-30 ❏ 61-70 ________________________________________❏ 31-40 ❏ 71-80 ______________________________________❏ 41-50 ❏ 80 years old < _______________________________________3 How long have you lived in this neighbourhood? Section C: Craft your own questions 7 Question:_______________________________❏ Less than 3 years❏ 3 to less than 5 years 8 Question:_______________________________❏ 5 to less than 10 years❏ 10 to less than 15 years 9 Question:_______________________________❏ More than 15 yearsSection B: Questions for Respondent4 The table below shows some places in your neighbourhood. Please rank the top 3 places that you frequent, with 1 being the most frequent place that you visit in a week.❏ Wet Market ❏ Park❏ Neigbourhood❏ Community Centreshops ❏ Residents’ Corner❏ Coffee shop ❏ Playground❏ Playground ❏ Others: _________5a Where is your favourite place in the neighbourhood? Why? Thank you for your time Sir/ Madam & Have a good day. 15

Purpose: 5b How would you describe your favourite place to people who aren’t familiar with it? Please chooseTo discover places that are special to the residents and the characteristic(s)understand the reasons why these places in theneighbourhood are special to them.Date, time and duration of interview:D D MMY Y 2 4: H RSection A: Profile of Respondent 6a Besides your favourite place, please list the other place(s) in the neighbourhood that is(are) special/1 Where do you live? Please provide the block matter to you. number and street name. 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________2 What is your age group? Please pick one of the 3. __________________________________ boxes below. 6b Please state the reasons why the places listed in❏ 13-20 ❏ 51-60 6a are special/ matter to you.❏ 21-30 ❏ 61-70 ________________________________________❏ 31-40 ❏ 71-80 ______________________________________❏ 41-50 ❏ 80 years old < _______________________________________3 How long have you lived in this neighbourhood? Section C: Craft your own questions 7 Question:_______________________________❏ Less than 3 years❏ 3 to less than 5 years 8 Question:_______________________________❏ 5 to less than 10 years❏ 10 to less than 15 years 9 Question:_______________________________❏ More than 15 yearsSection B: Questions for Respondent4 The table below shows some places in your neighbourhood. Please rank the top 3 places that you frequent, with 1 being the most frequent place that you visit in a week.❏ Wet Market ❏ Park❏ Neigbourhood❏ Community Centreshops ❏ Residents’ Corner❏ Coffee shop ❏ Playground❏ Playground ❏ Others: _________5a Where is your favourite place in the neighbourhood? Why? Thank you for your time Sir/ Madam & Have a good day. 16

Purpose: 5b How would you describe your favourite place to people who aren’t familiar with it? Please chooseTo discover places that are special to the residents and the characteristic(s)understand the reasons why these places in theneighbourhood are special to them.Date, time and duration of interview:D D MMY Y 2 4: H RSection A: Profile of Respondent 6a Besides your favourite place, please list the other place(s) in the neighbourhood that is(are) special/1 Where do you live? Please provide the block matter to you. number and street name. 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________2 What is your age group? Please pick one of the 3. __________________________________ boxes below. 6b Please state the reasons why the places listed in❏ 13-20 ❏ 51-60 6a are special/ matter to you.❏ 21-30 ❏ 61-70 ________________________________________❏ 31-40 ❏ 71-80 ______________________________________❏ 41-50 ❏ 80 years old < _______________________________________3 How long have you lived in this neighbourhood? Section C: Craft your own questions 7 Question:_______________________________❏ Less than 3 years❏ 3 to less than 5 years 8 Question:_______________________________❏ 5 to less than 10 years❏ 10 to less than 15 years 9 Question:_______________________________❏ More than 15 yearsSection B: Questions for Respondent4 The table below shows some places in your neighbourhood. Please rank the top 3 places that you frequent, with 1 being the most frequent place that you visit in a week.❏ Wet Market ❏ Park❏ Neigbourhood❏ Community Centreshops ❏ Residents’ Corner❏ Coffee shop ❏ Playground❏ Playground ❏ Others: _________5a Where is your favourite place in the neighbourhood? Why? Thank you for your time Sir/ Madam & Have a good day. 17

c. Photographs/ Videos (30 min)>> Download Skitch - An image editing appItem 3: Take photos or videos of the following activities, ❏ the goods and services available at the ground level shops of Toa Payoh Central ❏ the facilities and amenities available in the area ❏ the types of housing/ flats in the area i.e. the height, design, size etc. ❏ the activities people are engaged in, i.e. marketing, having their meals, shopping etc. ❏ the people (sex, age, occupation etc) present in the area, excluding your schoolmate and teachers who are there for GIQuestions to think about when using photographyWhen using photography to collect data and present your findings, here are somequestions you should think about: ● What is the purpose of taking this particular shot? ● How can the photograph be used to make a point to answer to the GI question? ● How do I show additional information such as where/when the photograph is taken?How to compose your photographs?1. Decide on the focus or also referred to as the purpose of the photograph.Ask yourself: What is the main feature you want to capture? This feature shouldstand out clearly in the photograph.2. Position yourself in a comfortable and safe position which gives a clear, unobstructed view which includes the features you want to capture. Use the zoom function on your camera when necessary.3. Point the camera at an angle whereby sunlight is shining onto the features so that the photograph will be sharp and clear.4. If scale matters, then find a common object e.g. a ruler for a small features or a classmate (with his/her height known to you) to stand near the large features when taking the photograph.5. Additional information such as date, time location, weather conditions (if applicable)and inferences, which you can draw in connection to the GI question, should berecorded in the GI log or a notebook for reference later. 18

Labels versus AnnotationsA label comprises one or two words that help to identify something in photographs,diagrams or maps.An annotation is a fairly detailed explanation or comment added to photographs,diagrams or maps to explain, elaborate or emphasize particular features.Using an image editing app, you are supposed to annotate your photos. An example of an annotated photo using the image editing app Skitch Covered walkway Trees are plants in the between HDB blocks to neighbourhood to provide shelter for beautify the surrounding. residents against inclement weather and Retail and coffee shops sun are available within the neighbourhood so that Broad and well-paved residents can easily get pathways to facilitate food and obtain other goods human traffic and and services. provide adequate space for residents to move about. This is especially so for wheelchair-bound residents. Seats are installed for residents to rest their feet and admire the surrounding environment.Date: 5 May 2017Time: 17 26Location: 460 Lorong 6 Toa PayohDescription: Facilities and amenities available at Toa Payoh Central 19

Recording Sheet for PhotographsUse the space below to record additional information about the photographs you havetaken. Such information can include date, time, location, notable features andinferences you can draw in connection to the GI questions. Use this map to mark the location where the photographs were taken. Date: Date:1 Time: 4 Time: Location: Location: Description: Description: Date: Date:2 Time: 5 Time: Location: Location: Description: Description: Date: Date:3 Time: 6 Time: Location: Location: Description: Description: INSTAGRAM: You can also share your photos on instagram via hashtag i.e. #mgsgisec2 20

d. Field Sketching (30 min) Item 4: Sketch a picture of the different parts of the estate and annotate it Field sketching and field photography are fundamental parts of any field work investigation. It is a simple qualitative technique which, done correctly, will support the data collected and enhance the whole study. The essence of all fieldwork is to observe, record and interpret what you see around you. Field sketching helps you look closely at the inter-related elements of an environment to decide which are more important than others. Step-by-step Guide:1. Identify the focus and purpose of your sketch.2. Create a title for your sketch.3. Draw a clear outline box.4. Divide your frame into equal horizontal sections (i.e., foreground, middleground, and background) and equal vertical sections (i.e., left, centre and right)5. Keeping the purpose in mind, identify relevant details to be included in the sketch.6. Begin your sketch with the furthest frame (i.e., background) down to the nearest frame (i.e., foreground).7. Always label and/or annotate on your sketch.8. When drawing your sketch, consider scale by taking note of prominent objects or features.9. In your sketch, note the location, direction, date and time. Such information can be useful for comparison purposes at the same site in the future. 21

An example of a field-sketchBACKGROUNDMIDDLEGROUNDFOREGROUNDDate: 5 May 2017Time: 17 26Location: 460 Lorong 6 Toa PayohDescription: Facilities and amenities available at Toa Payoh Central 22

Date:Time:Location:Description:Date:Time:Location:Description: 23

e. Land Use Survey (30 min)Item 5: List down the shops at the respective and identify the types of services available.You can find many different retail shops offering a wide range of goods and services.Here are some examples:● Electronic appliances ● Sundry store ● Furniture shop● Apparels ● Pawn shop ● Medical clinic● Jewellery ● Education centre ● Banks● Cosmetics ● Domestic help agency ● Printing shop● Footwear ● Convenient store ● Supermarket● Stationery & bookstore ● Optical store ● Hardware shop● Confectionary ● Mobile phone shop ● Coffeeshop● Fast food store ● Optical shop ● Fruit stall 24

Recording sheet for goods and services in the shopsInformation about the type of services available at the ground level shops of each block offlat. BLOCK 177 178 179 181 183 184 185 186 190 191 192 193Abbreviations ● S - Sundry store ● FN - Furniture shop 25 ● E - Electronic appliances ● P - Pawn shop ● MED - Medical clinic ● A - Apparels ● EC - Education centre ● B - Banks ● J - Jewellery ● DM - Domestic help agency ● PR - Printing shop ● CM - Cosmetics ● CV - Convenient store ● SM - Supermarket ● F - Footwear ● OP - Optical store ● HW - Hardware shop ● S&B - Stationery & bookstore ● HP - Mobile phone shop ● CS - Coffeeshop ● CF - Confectionary ● FF - Fast food store ● FS - Fruit stall

f. Immediate Post-fieldwork Personal Reflections Worksheet (15 min)Item 6: Record your thoughts, feelings as well as actions (related to data collection) todayQ1: What have your learnt about the residents of Toa Payoh Central?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q2: What were some things that worked or did not work for me or my group duringthe fieldwork?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q3: What have I learnt about the facilities and amenities as well as servicesavailable at Toa Payoh Central?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q4: If I were to do the fieldwork gain, what would I do differently?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q5: After the fieldwork exercise, how have my perception or understanding of whatmakes Toa Payoh special to its residents changed?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q6: What did I learn about myself and my group members?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 26

Living in Facilities &harmony amenities for all ages An inclusive Meeting theneighbourhood needs of the residents 27