PR1ME ENGLISH Reading Comprehension Skills L10_U8 TG_LR

SCHOLASTIC TM READING SKILLSCOMPREHENSION Level 10 Teacher’s Guide Reading Skill 11 Language Devices Unit 8 Technical Language Product code: 9781000116380

Reading Skill 11 Language Devices Unit 8 Technical Language Resources: • Student Card 1 – Skin Diving (1020L) Lesson 1 • Presentation 1 – Technical Language Objective: • To read a description and examine the technical language used Introduce the Reading Skill (2-3 minutes) • Have students imagine that they are in a restaurant, looking at a menu. As they read, they realize that they cannot make any sense of the menu because all the language is written in “jargon”, using words or expressions that only chefs would know. Jargon is a form of specialized or technical language that only people in a certain profession or field know, e.g. computer software, aeronautics, biology, law. Technical language can be difficult for people outside the group to understand. • Show Presentation 1 Slide 2. Explain to students that there is technical language specific to many different topic areas and groups. It has specific meaning unlike everyday language that is more general. Ask students to think of groups that they belong to or hobbies that they have that might use technical language. SCHOLASTIC © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116380 Explain and Engage (15 minutes) • Show Slide 3 and say: Being able to understand or work out technical language is essential when we are reading texts about topics we are unfamiliar with. It also helps us follow instructions, gain knowledge in an unfamiliar area and make sense of complex information. • Show Slide 4. Discuss how to identify technical language. Say: Ask yourself: Is this everyday language? Does the everyday meaning make sense in the context of the text? Or, is this technical language? Does it have a more specific or different meaning within the specific topic area of the text? Can I understand it from its context? Do I need to look this word up in a dictionary? Do I understand it well enough to use it myself? • Distribute/display Student Card 1 - Skin Diving and have students read the text silently. • Show Slide 5 of the graphic organizer • Have students reread the text. Remind them that unless they are skin divers it is very likely there will be technical language with which they are unfamiliar, or that has a more specific meaning than the everyday usage. • Show Slide 6. Discuss the content in the first row with students, working through the various columns of the organizer. Example: Technical language Topic-specific Everyday-language Topic-specific Everyday-language meaning meaning sentence sentence face mask A type of diving mask a cosmetic product A scuba diver I used a face mask that seals the diver’s that is spread on the cannot go the night before face against water skin to improve it underwater unless our school dance. wearing a face mask. • Then, work as a class to identify two more examples of technical language and complete the table. 2

Examples: Technical language Topic-specific Everyday-language Topic-specific Everyday-language meaning meaning sentence sentence face squeeze When water a face with cheek Divers must be pressure forces a muscles and eyes mindful of face diver’s face against squeezed together squeeze in order Whenever the baby their mask to prevent serious laughs, I want to consequences, such squeeze its face. as black eyes, from the severe pressure. wet suit A close-fitting It is important to He got caught in a rubber suit that wear a wet suit of rainstorm while on covers the whole the right thickness his lunch break, and body and is worn to A suit that is wet in order to keep a unfortunately came keep the body warm diver warm while back into the office during diving or underwater. wearing a very wet other water sports suit. • Ask if anyone needs further clarification or has any other examples they would like to share. • Ask: Why is it useful for skin divers to use topic-specific technical language? (Example: so they can clearly and unambiguously communicate about things specific to that field.) SCHOLASTIC Wrap up (2–3 minutes) • Show Slide 7 and review with students what technical language is, where it can be found and its purpose: to communicate clearly and specifically. Remind them that identifying technical language and being able to use it will give them a much better understanding of the topic they are studying. STUDENT CARD 1 TM Level Reading Skill 11 Language Devices In 1943, Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile maintained at exactly the same pressure as that of the Gagnan invented the Aqua-lung. With this new piece surrounding water. The slightest difference in pressure READING 10 Unit 8 Technical Language of equipment, divers were no longer connected by an will cause pain and may damage vital tissues or organs. air line to the surface or weighted down with heavy SKILLSCOMPREHENSION STUDENT CARD 1 LESSON 1 equipment. Instead, they were able to carry their air Protecting the Ears supply with them in high-pressure cylinders strapped A difference in pressure is the reason why people Unit 8: Technical Language to their backs. sometimes feel ear pain when diving to the bottoms of swimming pools. The water pressure pressing against Read the text. Breathing with a modern aqualung is as automatic and the eardrum is greater than the air pressure inside the natural as breathing without one. A special in-mouth ear. The pressure can usually be equalized and the Skin Diving air regulator attached to a compressed air tank ear pain stopped by holding the nose and blowing. automatically adjusts the breathing air to exactly the This is called “popping” your ears. Skin divers do the Bill Barada same pressure as that of the surrounding water. There same thing to equalize pressure as they descend. If are no valves to adjust. All the diver needs to do is they did not, the water pressure could rupture their © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116380 Skin diving gives the feeling of complete freedom in a cause black eyes. The solution is to blow a little air from © “Skin Diving” Scholastic Grolier Online https://go.scholastic.com/content/schgo/D/article/a20/271/a2027190-h.html breathe. The tank and regulator provide air at exactly eardrums. For this reason, experienced skin divers © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-4808-84-2 world where you seem to have no weight. Underwater the nose into the mask while descending. This will also the right pressure, no matter what the depth. never dive while suffering from head colds or while you have the sensation of flying. You glide by scenery help prevent the ear pain caused by increased pressure. wearing earplugs as these affect the ability to equalize as beautiful and spectacular as any on land. You can With the introduction of the aqualung, the popularity pressure. In these cases, pressure would build up inside float over grassy plains and great sandy deserts. You Another important piece of diving equipment for both of skin diving increased dramatically. Along with it came the ears, and the eardrums would rupture. can drift effortlessly over submerged mountains. Or snorkeling and scuba diving is a pair of swim fins, or various kinds of new equipment as well. Cold-water you can cruise down the face of a sheer rock cliff. flippers. Without these, skin diving would be almost suits, or wet suits, were developed to keep divers Protecting the Lungs and Vital Organs An underwater leap could take you all the way to the impossible. Flippers give divers great speed and power warm in icy water. Powerful spear guns were designed It is important to realize that a person walking on the surface. . . . and the ability to move about without using their that enabled skin divers to hunt sharks, barracuda, surface of the Earth is actually walking underneath an hands. Flippers take much of the work out of diving. and other fish. Pressure-proof watches, depth gauges, ocean of air. At sea level, the pressure of this air on the The term “skin diving” was originally used to They should fit snugly but not be too tight or too loose. and compasses were developed to help divers keep body is 14.7 pounds per square inch (1.036 kilograms differentiate between the sport of diving and the work If they are too tight, they cause cramps. If they are track of their time, depth, and direction. And special per square centimeter). At a depth of 33 feet (10 of deep-sea divers. Deep-sea divers wore cumbersome too loose, they chafe and create sores on the feet. cameras were designed, which opened the new field of meters) underwater, the weight of the water doubles diving suits and helmets and used air lines connected Divers can choose either flexible flippers or rigid ones. underwater photography. . . . this pressure, and air is compressed to one half its to the surface. A sport diver often wore only a bathing Flexible flippers can be kicked at a fast rate without Techniques and Safety Rules normal volume. As a result, when a diver breathes with suit, with bare skin exposed to the water. As sport tiring the leg muscles. Rigid flippers require a slower Despite the relative safety of skin diving, there are scuba at a depth of 33 feet, it takes twice as much air diving became popular and new equipment such as the kick. But they give more power when the speed of the some risks. However, divers who know the limitations of to fill the lungs. If a diver rose to the surface without wet suit was introduced, the original reference to diving kick is increased. diving and follow safety rules are usually in little danger. exhaling, this excess air would expand inside the in bare skin lost its meaning. Today, skin diving refers lungs and could rupture the lung tissue and permit air to any underwater diving in which there are no lines A basic piece of equipment for snorkeling is the Among the most important things a skin diver must bubbles to enter the bloodstream. This is called air connecting a diver to the surface. Divers who use self- snorkel. This is a breathing tube with a mouthpiece. learn are the effects of air and water pressure and how embolism. If the air bubbles lodge inside blood vessels contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) are The snorkel eliminates the need to raise the head to deal with pressure changes. While diving, it is very of the heart or brain, serious injury and even death known as scuba divers. Divers who limit their activities above water to take a breath. Using a snorkel, a important that all air spaces inside the diver’s body be could result. to the length of time they can hold their breath are swimmer can float face down on the surface of the called snorkel divers. . . . water and still breathe. A person can also dive beneath A. Identify technical language in the text and complete the organizer. Basic Equipment the surface, and air pressure from holding their breath The most basic piece of equipment in snorkeling and keeps water out of the lungs. Back on the surface, Technical Topic-specific Everyday-language Topic-specific Everyday-language © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-4808-84-2 scuba diving is a face mask. It is the window through the diver blows the water out of the tube and starts language meaning meaning sentence sentence which a diver can see clearly the secrets of the breathing again. Some snorkels have a J-shaped top underwater world. The face mask forms an airtight seal with an enclosed float at the end. When diving below around the diver’s eyes and nose. It places an air space the surface, the float rises and prevents water from between the eyes and the water that eliminates blurred entering the tube. . . . vision. Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (Scuba) Having the nose inside the face mask is important It was once extremely complicated to take an air supply because it lets the diver equalize pressure during dives underwater. Divers faced the problem of changing air and prevents a face squeeze. A face squeeze occurs pressure and moving about freely. Diving with an air when water pressure pushes the diver’s face into the supply was restricted to highly trained individuals using mask. It feels as if suction were pulling the mask tight. complicated, cumbersome deep-sea suits and helmets If a diver does not do something about this, it can with high-pressure air lines that reached to the surface. 1 1020L 2 3

Reading Skill 11 Language Devices Unit 8 Technical Language Resources: • Student Card 2A – Baseball (990L) • Student Card 2B – Squash (1210L) • Presentation 2 – Technical Language Lesson 2 • Answer Key Objectives: • To read a description and examine the technical language used • To plan a description of their own, using technical language Recap (Up to 5 minutes) SCHOLASTIC • Show Presentation 2 Slide 2 to review what technical language is. Remind students that © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116380 everyday language they know and use can have a different or more specific meaning within a certain field or group. Have students share some examples of technical language they encounter in their lives. Engage – Differentiated Practice (20 minutes) Set-Up • Split the class into 2 groups according to students’ reading proficiency. Students with a reading level of 1075L or below should be given Student Card 2A – Baseball. Students with a reading level of 1076L or above should be given Student Card 2B – Squash. • Have each group read the text on their card either silently or by taking turns reading a paragraph aloud. • Check in with each group in turn to ensure they are reading the text, and to check if there are any words they need your help with. Student Card 2A – Baseball • Have students complete the Check your understanding questions. • Have the group discuss the Think about it! question. Check in to hear some of their answers. • Have students complete the Word work activity. When they are finished, they should correct all question sections using the Answer Key. • Show Slide 3. Have students draw an organizer like the one they completed on Student Card 1. • Explain that students should now reread the text closely, looking for topic-specific, or technical language. They should examine the context of the language in order to make sense of it if possible, then look up a definition if necessary. Remind students that they might think they know the meaning of a particular word or phrase, but it may have a different and specific meaning in the context of the topic they are reading about. Say: Let’s find examples of technical language. Understanding this will give us a deeper understanding of the topic. Filling in the organizer will help clarify and sort our ideas and examples. • Work with students to do the first example. Then, if they are having difficulty, continue 4 to assist with other examples. When finding examples of technical language, discuss

with students whether these have other meanings and fill these in the graphic organizer. (Note that not every instance of technical language has a different meaning elsewhere.) Examples: Technical language Topic-specific Everyday-language Topic-specific Everyday-language meaning meaning sentence sentence offensive the batting team causing upset or The offensive side I found the movie hurt feelings, as in must work hard to offensive, as I offensive language earn runs while they am not used to have the chance. hearing that sort of language. • Have students read through the examples in the graphic organizer. As a class, discuss other examples of technical language in the text and whether it might mean something different in another context. Technical language Topic-specific Everyday-language Topic-specific Everyday-language diamond meaning meaning sentence sentence © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116380 the area of a a clear precious Runners run He bought SCHOLASTIC baseball field stone that is a form around the baseball a diamond enclosed by first, of carbon and is diamond to get a engagement ring for second, and third the hardest known home run. his fiancé. base, and home mineral plate the area where a small enclosed He spent a long She found it very bullpen relief pitchers warm area in which to time practicing in sad to see a large up prior to playing keep a bull the bullpen, but the bull held inside a coach never sent small bullpen. him onto the field. Student Card 2B – Squash • Have students complete the Check your understanding questions. • Have the group discuss the Think about it! question. Check in to hear some of their answers. • Have students complete the Word work activity. When they are finished, they should correct all question sections using the Answer Key. • Show Slide 3. Have students draw an organizer like the one they completed on Student Card 1. Say: Complete the graphic organizer by rereading the text closely and looking for technical language. Examples: Technical language Topic-specific Everyday-language Topic-specific Everyday-language meaning meaning sentence sentence squash a two- or four- to crush or squeeze She and her Everyone had to player indoor someone or colleague had a squash into the racquet sport, something into a game of squash train during rush played with a hollow soft, flat mass every week to keep hour as there were ball of hard rubber fit and for fun. so many people. 5

Technical language Topic-specific Everyday-language Topic-specific Everyday-language meaning meaning sentence sentence animal intestines Some people say He had a sore gut formed into string that natural gut every time he ate gut for a squash racquet stomach or is stronger than cheese. intestines synthetic gut for racquet strings. singles a game [of squash] people who are not I prefer to watch My friends and I in which there is in a relationship singles rather than are all singles who only one player per doubles squash enjoying traveling side games so I can together. really focus on the individual players. • If time permits, ask students what other instances of technical language or jargon they can identify. Discuss as a class. SCHOLASTIC Whole class • Bring the class back together. Explain that students will be writing their own descriptions. © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116380 Say: You are going to write a description for a specific sport or hobby that you know about using technical language that relates to that sport or hobby. Show Slide 4 and discuss writing tips: Use technical language if it will make your writing clearer, keep in mind your audience’s level of knowledge of the topic and don’t use language you yourself are not clear of. • Have students plan their description using the Write now section. Wrap up (5 minutes) • Have volunteers share some of the ideas they have brainstormed for technical language relating to their chosen topic. Have other students suggest further language. Discuss the differences between the technical meanings and the everyday meanings. 6

STUDENT CARD 2A TM Level Reading Skill 11 Language Devices The catcher also guards home plate against runners league baseball’s American League decided to allow 10 Unit 8 Technical Language READING STUDENT CARD 2A LESSON 2 who try to score, and fields batted balls that fall near another player to bat instead of the pitcher. home plate. The catcher must play in close harmony The addition of this player, called the designated hitter, SKILLSCOMPREHENSION with the pitcher. The catcher studies opposing batters created a ten-player team. The designated hitter does and gives signals to the pitcher indicating what type not play a fielding position. Major league baseball’s of pitches to throw. The catcher wears a metal face National League does not use the designated hitter. Unit 8: Technical Language mask, a padded chest protector, and plastic shin But most baseball leagues worldwide now do. Read the text. guards. These prevent injury from balls tipped by the Substitute batters are called pinch hitters. bat. The catcher’s mitt is very thickly padded because Replacement fielders are called defensive pitches are thrown very fast. substitutes. If two or more defensive substitutes Four other members of the defensive team are called enter at the same time, they can be inserted in any infielders. These players try to catch any ball hit spot in the lineup formerly occupied by a player being Baseball by the batter within the infield. The first baseman replaced. A pinch runner is a substitute runner for guards first base and the area around it. The second a batter who has already reached base. The pinch baseman plays on the side of second base toward runner is typically a faster runner than the player first, while the shortstop plays on the other side of replaced, and so has a better chance of scoring a run. second base. Together they defend the middle of the infield. The third baseman covers third base and the The manager is in charge of the players and area around it. strategies for each team. This person is almost always a former player. The manager sets the team’s Finally, three players called outfielders try to catch lineup, makes substitutions, and directs many plays Baseball is often called the American national Players and Positions any balls hit over or past the infielders. These players on the field. The manager also has several coaches. pastime. Every spring and summer, tens of millions Each of the nine players in the field occupies a are the left fielder (on the third-base side), the center They help train members of the team in skills and of fans watch professional major-league games specific position and performs a specific defensive fielder, and the right fielder. strategies. During a game, two coaches stand just in ballparks or on television. . . . Hardly a child in role. Together they try to keep the team at bat outside first base and third base, where they make the United States has grown up without playing from getting on base and scoring runs. For the offensive team, players take their turns at hand signals to base runners and batters. Other baseball in one form or another. And hardly an bat in an order listed before the game starts. This is coaches work in the dugout and in the bullpen. adult is not familiar with at least some of the rules, The main defensive player is the pitcher. From the the batting order, or lineup. It normally consists of The bullpen is where relief pitchers warm up before terms, and stars of “the great American game”. . . . mound in the middle of the diamond, the pitcher nine players who also have positions in the field. But entering the game. throws the ball to the batter. In an effort to keep pitchers are not usually good hitters. So in 1973 major Baseball is so much a part of American life that ©SCHOLA“Baseball”SScholastic Grolier Online.Thttps://go.scholastic.com/content/schgo/D/article/a20/023/a2002380-h.htmlICthe batter from hitting it, the pitcher may use a © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116397 its terms have been adopted into the everyday variety of overhand or sidearm (and sometimes Glossary Meaning © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116397 speech of the people. “Pinch-hit”, “going to bat”, even underhand) pitches. These include fastballs, chosen for a position or duty “three strikes you’re out”, and scores of other curveballs, sliders, and others. The pitcher also Word baseball terms and sayings are used even by fields batted balls (catches and throws them to a designated groups of people with a common interest or activity, such as a group of people who are not well acquainted with teammate), keeps a watchful eye on base runners sports teams or a political organization the game. . . . so they will not advance, and covers first base or leagues home plate when necessary. The pitcher has the someone in charge of a team or athlete, a business, or a process How Baseball Is Played most responsibility for seeing that the team at bat manager The basic rules of baseball have undergone does not score. If the pitcher loses control of the opposing competing against (someone/a team) little change in more than 100 years. Two teams, game and lets too many opposing players get on replacement consisting of nine or ten players each, play the base and score runs, the starting pitcher may be strategies one that replaces another game on a large field. During the course of the replaced by a relief pitcher. (In the early years of game, the two teams alternate between batting baseball, starting pitchers were expected to pitch substitutes clever plans for achieving a goal or winning a military battle (offensive play) and fielding (defensive play). . . . the entire game. Now, however, teams almost The object of the game is to score more runs than always use one or more relief pitchers in a game.) typically things or people acting or used in place of others, such as players who the opposing team. Generally, a run is scored take over when other players are tired when a batter hits the ball with the bat and runs The next most important defensive player is the safely around four bases, starting from and ending catcher, who crouches in a boxed area behind in an expected or usual way up at home plate. The fielders try to catch the home plate. The catcher’s job is to catch all the batted ball to record outs and to prevent runners pitcher’s throws that are not hit by the batter. from reaching base or from advancing on the bases. . . . 1 990L 2 Check your understanding 7. I get up at 6 am, but this morning I did not follow my usual routine. Literal A. Write the answer to each question using words or phrases. 8. My favorite kinds of cakes were sold out, so I had to get some . 1. Has baseball changed much in the last 100 years? Post-reading activity 2. How many players are in a baseball team? 3. What is the main object of the game? E. Draw an organizer like the one you completed on Student Card 1. Identify examples of 4. What is the name of the main defensive player? technical language in the text. Think about the topic-specific meaning and the 5. Why is the catcher’s mitt so thickly padded? everyday-language meaning. Write two sentences to highlight the difference in meaning. 6. What have baseball team managers usually been in the past? Inferential Write now B. Write the answer in full sentences. 1. Could a professional team operate without a manager? F. Plan a description about a sport or hobby you know well and enjoy. Include topic-specific, or technical, language. 2. What might happen if a player did not stick to their specific position and role? Topic: 3. Why has baseball changed so little in 100 years? Technical language (Brainstorm and list technical, or topic-specific, language to include.) © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116380 Think about it! © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116397 C. Do you think baseball deserves the popularity it enjoys, especially in the United States? Explain your answer. Word work Opening (How will you hook your audience?) D. Complete the sentence. Use a word from the word bank. Body (Plan interesting details.) Conclusion (How will you sum up your description?) designated leagues manager opposing © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116397 replacement strategies substitutes typically 4 1. Delilah was the captain of the soccer team. 2. The two schools were nearby and their sports teams often competed. 3. The soccer had teams from all around the world. 4. She had developed a set of for helping her study. 5. My made a bad business decision and had to make several employees redundant. 6. Since one of our team members is injured and won’t be able to play, we are looking for a. 3 7

STUDENT CARD 2B TM Level Reading Skill 11 Language Devices to 17 being the longest possible game. Most matches been dominated by are the best of five games. members of the READING 10 Unit 8 Technical Language Khan family The players try to work each other out of position of Pakistan, SKILLSCOMPREHENSION STUDENT CARD 2B LESSON 2 and to put the ball beyond reach of a return by including moving the ball around the court—using the walls to Jahangir Unit 8: Technical Language angle shots—and by varying the speed of each shot— Khan, who using slices, chops, and top spin. Most strokes are won the title Read the text. drivers parallel to the side walls or cross-court to a in a glass court on a theater stage in New York City corner. in 1985. Only a few amateurs have claimed this title: Squash Henri Salaun, Diehl Meteer, and Ralph Howe. History Darwin P. Kingley III Squash racquets was introduced into the United Squash Tennis States in the late 1800s, evolving from the British Squash tennis was developed in the United States. game, played widely throughout the British Empire. Tennis players introduced a pressurized, tennis-type The larger British court and much spongier ball, ball and a racquet an inch shorter than in tennis. unsuited to the cooler North American climate, The game uses squash-racquets scoring and the were modified, as was the British scoring system, squash court. The two sports differ in the speed which has a nine-point game with only the server and bounciness of the ball. The squash ball can be scoring. The U.S. Squash Racquets Association was “dropped” with soft shots, but the squash-tennis ball formed in 1920 and is the governing body in the rockets around the court, demanding fast reflexes United States. and turning ability. The squash-racquets player moves to the ball, whereas the squash-tennis player Annual championships for men and women are held finds the ball shooting toward him. in singles and doubles at various age and ability levels. The North American Open brings together With play limited to New York City, annual top amateur and professional players from around championships are held and the sport is kept alive the world. Since its inception in 1954, the Open has by an enthusiastic few. © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116403 Squash, the name of two indoor racquet sports, same as in singles. Women’s play uses men’s rules, squash racquets and squash tennis. Usually the and some mixed-doubles matches are played. Glossary ©SCHOLAKingley,SDarwin P. “Squash” ScholasticTGrolier Online.Ihttps://go.scholastic.com/content/schgo/L/article/036/738/0367380-00.htmlCterm “squash” refers to squash racquets. SquashSingles play commences when one player, standing Photo 1 © Sergei Leto/Shutterstock.com 2 © Tish1/Shutterstock.comracquets is played in a rectangular court by two orin a service box, hits the ball directly to the frontWordMeaning© 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116403 four players using a racquet similar in appearance wall above the service line, causing the ball to people who do an activity or play a sport for pleasure not for money or to a badminton racquet but more sturdily bounce on the floor in the opposite rear part of amateurs as a profession constructed and strung with heavy gut. A hollow the court. A ball in play may be volleyed—hit before ball made of hard rubber is used. Squash tennis is it bounces on the floor—or struck after it bounces appearance how something looks a related sport using the same court and scoring once on the floor. A ball may hit the side or rear commences system but employing a modified tennis racquet walls before or after bouncing, and a return may hit consecutive begins and a livelier ball. the rear or side walls as long as it strikes the front dominated Squash Racquets wall before bouncing on the floor. A ball touching inception one right after the other Singles, in which two players compete, is played in the tell-tale or any out-of-court line results in a livelier a court 32 by 18.5 feet (9.7 by 5.5 meters). A line lost point for the striker, as does failure to make a controlled, or ruled marks the playing-height limit on the front and side good return. A player must give an opponent a fair parallel walls. There is a line parallel to the back wall and chance to get to the ball. Inadvertent interference the starting point of an activity 10 feet (3 meters) from it marking the floor into two with an opponent brings a “let”, and the point is areas, with an additional line dividing the rear part replayed. having more life and energy into equal sections for receiving serves. Across the The winner of a point serves again, alternating front wall is a service line at 6.5 feet (2 meters) and service sides if he wins consecutive points. The 2 lines or rows of something staying the same distance from each other a “tell-tale” or “tin” that extends 17 inches (43 cm) first server of a match is determined by a spin or and never crossing or meeting up from the floor. toss of the racquet. Thereafter, the winner of each Doubles is played on a larger court, 25 by 45 feet game may choose to serve or receive. It usually 2 (7.6 by 13.7 meters). Teams of two players each takes 15 points to win a game. If a game is tied at alternate in striking the ball, and the scoring is the 13-all or 14-all, there is a tie-breaker system, with 18 1 1210L Check your understanding Post-reading activity Literal E. Draw an organizer like the one you completed on Student Card 1. Identify examples of A. Write the answer to each question using words or phrases. technical language in the text. Think about the topic-specific meaning and the 1. How many indoor racquet sports does the term “squash” relate to? everyday-language meaning. Write two sentences to highlight the difference in meaning. 2. What sort of racquet is a squash racquet like? Write now 3. Where did squash originate? F. Plan a description about a sport or hobby you know well and enjoy. 4. Where did squash tennis develop? Include topic-specific, or technical language. 5. Is the North American Open for amateur or professional players? Topic: 6. Which family has dominated the Open since its inception? Technical language (Brainstorm and list technical, or topic-specific, language Inferential to include.) B. Write the answer in full sentences. 1. Why would only a few amateurs ever have won the North American Open? Opening (How will you hook your audience?) 2. Why is it that not many people play squash tennis? Body (Plan interesting details.) 3. Why do you think one family dominated squash for a period of time? Conclusion (How will you sum up your description?) Think about it! 4 © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116403 C. How important do you think it is for people to play sport? Explain your answer. © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116380 Word work D. Complete the sentence. Use a word from the word bank. amateurs appearance commences consecutive dominated inception livelier parallel © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd 9781000116403 1. They were all who loved golf and played every weekend. 2. The movie at six o’clock sharp. 3. The two friends lived near each other, on streets that ran . 4. She had five exams, one a day for five days. 5. She was extremely outgoing and the conversation completely. 6. Look for the moon’s as the sun sets. 7. They made a set of founding rules at the of the club. 8. The plant has been looking a lot since I gave it some water. 3 8

TM Level Reading Skill 11 Language Devices READING 10 Unit 8 Technical Language Answer Key SKILLSCOMPREHENSION STUDENT CARD 2A : Baseball Check your understanding A. 1. No 2. Nine or ten 3. To score more runs than the other team 4. Pitcher 5. Because pitches are thrown very fast 6. Baseball players B. Answers may vary, for example: 1. No, it would be too difficult to both play, come up with the strategies on the field and direct the coaches. 2. If a player did not stick to his or her specific role and position, the game would be disorganized and the team would not play well as they are not playing as a team. 3. Baseball has not changed much at all because it already works as it is and there has not been any need to make significant changes. © 2018 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte LtdS9781000116410CHOLASTIC Word work D. 1. designated 2. opposing 3. mlLee5aavegnluaegesr 4. strategies 5. 6. replacementReading Skill 9 Main Ideas and Details 7. typically 8. substitutes LESSON 2 STUDENT CARD 2B : Squash Check your understanding A. 1. Two 2. Badminton racquet, but sturdier and strung with heavy gut 3. In Britain 4. In the United States 5. Both 6. The Khan family B. Answers may vary, for example: 1. Professionals are more likely to win as they train and play more, have more financial backing and support. 2. It was developed in the United States and has never spread. 3. In the Khan family squash was loved and played by everyone and each family member encouraged and coached others to success in the sport. Word work 2. commences D. 1. amateurs 4. consecutive 6. appearance 3. parallel 8. livelier 5. dominated 7. inception AEP RS SC G10 U8 Ans.indd 1 29/8/18 2:45 PM