Active English Coursebook 5

Vocabulary Where there is a will, there is a way. A proverb is a short popular saying that gives advice or states a general truth. The sentence given above is a proverb. It means that if we make up our mind to do something, we will find a way to do it. Here are some more examples of proverbs. Proverb Meaning A friend in need is a A friend who helps when one is in trouble friend indeed. is a real friend. Empty vessels make People who have little knowledge usually the most noise. talk the most and make the greatest fuss. A rolling stone gathers A person who does not settle down no moss. does not acquire wealth and has no sense of responsibility. Every cloud has a There is always a positive side to every silver lining. sad or unpleasant situation. Birds of a feather flock People with common interests usually together. stick together. You reap what you sow. Your actions determine what you get in return. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 49

Read the sentences below. Write the proverb from the table that best describes each situation. 1. While waiting for the bus that was delayed by a few hours, Janet met her childhood friend. 2. Sammy talks a lot and makes a lot of promises but never actually does any of the work. 3. Celine studied hard and did well in the test. 4. The singer’s fans gathered near her hotel hoping to catch a glimpse of her. 5. Nico brought home my homework for me when I was ill and unable to go to school. 6. Fred has spent his life travelling and changing jobs and has no savings. W B Unit 4, page 20 Grammar The plane only took one passenger, who had a seat in front of the pilot’s. The boy with whom I play broke his leg. 50 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Words such as who, whom, whose, that and which refer to the nouns or pronouns that come before them. They are called relative pronouns. Who and whom are usually used for people and which is used for animals and things. Whose shows that a person or thing belongs to someone or something. The relative pronoun that is sometimes used instead of who, whom and which. Underline the relative pronouns and circle the nouns they refer to. 1. Some of the fish that swim in the River Amazon are deadly. 2. Plants that are left too long in the dark often die. 3. We like the young man who helped us carry our bags. 4. The birthday present, which I ordered two weeks ago, arrived yesterday. 5. These are the girls whose bags got lost. 6. The policemen met the people whose house had been burgled. 7. I told you about the girl who lost her shoes at the beach. 8. Mr Rogers, who lives across the road, always leaves for work at eight in the morning. W B Unit 4, pages 21–23 Try it out Pair up with a classmate. Think of the achievements of your other classmates. Then, make sentences describing them using relative pronouns. For example, Rita and Anne are the girls who won the quiz last week. Jake is the boy whom the principal praised for good behaviour. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 51

Spelling A. Read the words below. They have the long vowel ur or long vowel ir sound. burn turn curve furnace churn hurl purse surf bird girl skirt dirty thirsty circus stir B. Read the clues and complete the crossword with words from the word list above. 12 3C 4 R 5 6 7 Across Down 3. Move something 1. Foam formed by waves around violently 2. Feeling a need to drink 4. Afireplace in which 3. Clowns and other entertainers metals are melted give performances here 6. A piece of woman’s 5. Asmall bag carried by a woman clothing 7. Move a spoon round and round in a liquid 52 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Listening Listen to the first part of the sentences that talk about people in different professions. Write the correct number against the sentence ending that matches each sentence you hear. The first one has been done for you. who flies a plane. 1 whose job is to make drawings and plans of a building. who makes and repairs wooden objects. whose job is to protect swimmers from drowning. Speaking An announcement is being made at an airport. Ladies and gentlemen, this is the pre-boarding announcement for flight 13C to Milan. We invite passengers with small children, and any passengers requiring special assistance, to begin boarding now. Please have your boarding pass and passport ready. Here are some points that you must include in an announcement. Mention the people whom the announcement is for. State the time and place. Explain what the listeners are supposed to do. Remind your listeners of any special instructions. Try it out The principal has asked you to inform students to come neatly dressed on Monday as the class photograph will be taken that day. How will you make the announcement? Write it and present it to the class. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 53

Writing A formal letter is an official letter. It deals with subjects such as complaints, requests, applications and apologies. Read the letter Joseph has written to his principal. Then, write a formal letter to your teacher in your notebook, asking for leave to visit the dentist. Use the guidelines given below to write your letter. Address 25 Alpha Road and date Sao Paulo Writer’s address 5 July 2016 and date on the left The Principal Name and St. George’s Academy address Greenview Road Receiver’s name Sao Paulo and address on the left Dear Madam, Greeting Comma Subject: Request to visit aircraft exhibition after greeting Heading Subject of the letter I am Joseph Tito of Class 5B. I would like to visit the aircraft exhibition that will be held in Sao Paulo on 14 July 2017. I am very interested all kinds of aircraft and I Body want to be a pilot when I grow up. The exhibition Includes will be in our city for only one day, so I request key details that you kindly grant me leave to visit it. Closing Comma Yours faithfully, after ending Joseph Tito Signature 54 W B Unit 4, page 24 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Review What did you learn? Tick. A proverb is a short popular saying that gives advice or states a general truth. Words such as who, whom, whose, that and which refer to the nouns or pronouns that come before them. They are called relative pronouns. Some words have the long vowel ur or long vowel ir sound. Project Work Work in groups of four and find out about a famous pilot, astronaut or inventor. Make a chart with information about the person. Decorate the chart with drawings or pictures. Display your chart in class. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 55

5Listen and Learn Before you read What rules should we follow when we walk on the road or in a public place? Why do you think we have such rules? The Story of Johnny Head-in-Air As he trudged along to school, What rule did It was always Johnny’s rule Johnny always To be looking at the sky follow while going And the clouds that floated by; to school? But what just before him lay, In his way, Johnny never thought about; So that everyone cried out, “Look at little Johnny there, Little Johnny Head-in-Air!” Running just in Johnny’s way astray: in the wrong direction Came a little dog one day; mind: pay attention Johnny’s eyes were still astray nigh: near Up on high, In the sky; © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 And he never heard them cry “Johnny, mind, the dog is nigh!” trudged: walked slowly with heavy steps Head-in-Air: absent-minded, not paying attention 56

Bump! What happened Dump! when Johnny Down they fell, with such a thump, bumped into Dog and Johnny in a lump! the dog? They almost broke their bones; So hard they tumbled on the stones. steep: sharply sloping headlong: head first Once, with head as high as ever, dismay: shock Johnny walked beside the river; Johnny watched the swallows trying Which was cleverest at flying. Oh! What fun! Johnny watched the bright round sun Going in and coming out; This was all he thought about. So he strode on, only think! To the river’s very brink, Where the bank was high and steep, And the water very deep; And the fishes, in a row, Stared to see him coming so. One step more! Oh! Sad to tell! Headlong in poor Johnny fell. And the fishes, in dismay Wagged their tails and swam away. lump: without a clear shape 57 tumbled: fell to the ground swallows: swift-flying birds brink: edge © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

There lay Johnny on his face, How was Johnny With his nice red writing-case; rescued? But, as they were passing by, Two strong men had heard him cry; And, with sticks, these two strong men Hooked poor Johnny out again. Oh! You should have seen him shiver When they pulled him from the river. He was in a sorry plight, Dripping wet, and such a fright! Wet all over, everywhere, Clothes, and arms, and face, and hair: Johnny never will forget What it is to be so wet. And the fishes, one, two, three, Were come back again, you see; Up they came the moment after, To enjoy the fun and laughter. Each popped out his little head, And, to tease poor Johnny, said: “Silly little Johnny, look, You have lost your writing-book!” –Heinrich Hoffman After you read What rules have your parents made for you? Which rule do you dislike? writing-case: a kind of bag for carrying writing materials and paper plight: situation 58 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Reading Comprehension cloud A. Circle the things thactloJudohnny noticed dursinchgoohlis walk by the rivscehoro. l school cloud bird Johnny peopl bird Johnny people bird stone dog stone thJoehsunnny people the sun do B. Answer the following questions. 1. Look at the end words of the first four lines of the poem. the sun Wat shtthaoetnedeondyoouf notice about the sequence of rhyming words the lines? dog As he trudged along to school, A It was always Johnny’s rule A To be looking at the sky B And the clouds that floated by; B This pattern (AABB) is known as a rhyme scheme. A rhyme scheme is a way of describing the pattern of rhyming words at the end of each line in a poem. Each new sound is given a different letter, starting from A. If the same sound is repeated, we repeat the letter. So the rhyme scheme of the four lines here is AABB. 2. What is the rhyme scheme of the fourth stanza of the poem? © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 59

C. Answer the following questions. 1. Why did people call Johnny, “Little Johnny Head-in-Air”? 2. Why didn’t Johnny see the dog that was coming his way? 3. What was Johnny doing when he fell into the river? 4. What were the swallows trying to do? 5. Besides being wet, why was Johnny shivering after he was pulled out of the river? 6. What did Johnny lose in the river? 7. How many times did the fish come out of the water and on what occasions? 8. Was the sky clear or cloudy on the day Johnny fell into the river? How can you tell? 9. Were the fishes right in teasing Johnny? What would you do if you saw someone fall down? 10. Do you think people learn to be careful only after they have had an accident? Why? D. Check your understanding of Making Inferences. 1. What can you infer about Johnny’s character? Did he not listen to people on purpose or was he a daydreamer? 2. Do you think Johnny will stop looking at the sky after falling in the river? Give reasons for your answer. 60 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Vocabulary Silly little Johnny, look, you have lost your writing-book! A word that is made up of two or more words is a compound word. Compound words may be written as one word, with a space between the words or with a hyphen (-) between the words. A. Match the columns to form compound words. Write the new words on the blanks. Remember to leave a space between the individual words. 1. fire a. machine 2. table b. alarm 3. washing c. phone 4. mobile d. pot 5. flower e. lamp B. Join two words in each sentence to make a compound word. 1. a room where you have a class in school 2. the light that comes from the moon 3. work that a student is required to do at home 4. a ground where children can play 5. a band that holds your hair away from your face W B Unit 5, page 25 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 61

Grammar Look at little Johnny there. They pulled him from the river. I am very bad at chess. Congratulations on your win. Certain verbs, adjectives and nouns are almost always used with particular prepositions. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the box. Underline the word each preposition is used with. at with to from into of on in 1. I arrived early the bus stop. 2. He has absolutely no interest games. 3. Tulip is travelling her parents. 4. You may borrow the book me if you want. 5. The teacher divided the class five groups. 6. I can’t sleep alone. I am afraid the dark. 7. I have the answer your problem. 8. There is a ban talking on the phone while driving. W B Unit 5, page 26 62 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Punctuation This is the story of Johnny Head-in-Air. My grandfather is sixty-two years old. We use hyphens (-) to join some compound words. Here are some rules about when to use hyphens. Compound numbers are written with hyphens. twenty-eight forty-five seventy-nine Compound nouns with a string of words are kept together with hyphens. sister-in-law runner-up great-grandmother Compound adjectives that come before a noun are usually written with hyphens. twelve-year-old children long-haired dog eye-catching design well-aired room Some prefixes are usually written with hyphens. Remember, a prefix is a letter or a group of letters that is added to the beginning of some words to form new words. ex-student anti-social ex-teacher anti-slavery Compound words formed with -like, -friendly, -looking, -sensitive and -sounding are usually hyphenated. owl-like environment-friendly good-looking case-sensitive strange-sounding foreign-sounding © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 63

Add hyphens where necessary. 1. This competition is for people below the age of twenty one. 2. He is my sister’s husband. He is my brother in law. 3. Meg works for only a few hours each day. She is a part time cashier. 4. The country has asked for many anti aircraft weapons. 5. The hotel had child friendly rooms. W B Unit 5, pages 27–28 Spelling A. Read the words below. They have the long vowel or or long vowel ar sound. horn born corn orbit pore sore adorable storm war warm oar boar warp board soar B. Read the clues and complete the crossword with words from the word list above. Across 1P 3. A cow has this on 2S 3 its head 6. Cute; lovable 5 6 D7 8W 8. A long stick used to 8O B row a boat B Down 1. One of the very small holes in our skin through which sweat passes 2. Fly or rise high in the air 4. Opposite of cold 5. Painful 7. The path that a planet takes around the sun 64 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Listening Listen to the first stanza of a poem by Alfred Noyes and write the last word of each line. What is the rhyme scheme? Rhyme scheme Speaking When we speak to someone about something that may hurt or make them angry, we should choose our words carefully. Will you mind if I tell you Yes, I agree with you. something? I don’t mean I have to learn to be to be rude, but I think you careful. should be more careful while walking on the streets. Try it out Pair up with a classmate and take turns to role-play the following situations using the words in bold. Your partner has failed a test. Your partner’s humming in class makes you angry. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 65

Writing A narrative is a story or a poem that tells us about a series of events involving a character. The Story of Johnny Head-in-Air is a narrative poem. Here are some points to keep in mind when you write a narrative poem. The title tells the reader what The Story of Johnny Head-in-Air the story or poem is about. Johnny, people around Johnny, The details tell the reader dog, swallows, fishes, two strong who the story is about men where and when the story on the pavement and in the river, took place. on the way to school what started the action. Johnny always looked at the sky when he walked. The storyline tells the reader about the problem faced by the Once, the people around warned character and how it was solved. Johnny about a dog but he still bumped into it and fell down. Another time, he fell into a river and nearly drowned. He was saved by two strong men, but he lost his writing-book. Write a poem on an adventure you had or have read about. Remember to first write the outline of your poem using a table like the one given above. W B Unit 5, page 29 66 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Review What did you learn? Tick. A word that is made up of two or more words is a compound word. We use hyphens (-) to join some compound words. Certain verbs, adjectives and nouns are almost always used with particular prepositions. Some words have the long vowel or or long vowel ar sound. Project Work While walking on the streets, people sometimes have accidents and hurt themselves. Learning first aid (the help that is given immediately to a sick or injured person or animal) might help you save a life. Get into groups of three and make a chart on the first aid you can give to people who have had a cut, an insect bite or a burn. Display your chart in class. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 67

6Nuclear Disaster! Before you read How would you feel if you had to move out of your home suddenly? What would your worry be about living in a new place? The Ghost Town The world’s worst nuclear accident happened on 26 April 1986. At about 1.23 a.m. that day, there was an explosion in a reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in northern Ukraine. Dark, poisonous clouds enveloped the town of Pripyat, located about two kilometres away. The following story is told by a woman named Nadezhda. It happened late on Friday night. That morning, no one suspected anything. I sent my son to school; my husband went to the barber’s. I was preparing lunch when my husband came back. “There’s some sort of fire at the nuclear plant,” he said. “They’re saying we are not to turn off the radio.” I forgot to say that we lived in Pripyat, near the reactor. I can still see the bright nuclear: relating to a kind of energy stored in reactor: a structure in which nuclear reactions atoms (smallest particle of a substance) take place 68 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

crimson glow: it was like the reactor was glowing. Why did people This wasn’t any ordinary fire; it was some sort bring their of shining light. It was pretty. I had never seen children out and anything like it in films. pick them up? We were on the ninth floor and had a great view. People brought their children out, picked them up, and said, “Look! Remember!” People who worked at the plant—engineers, workers, physics instructors—stood in the black dust, talking, breathing, wondering at it. There was a strange smell. My throat tickled and tears came to my eyes. I didn’t sleep all night and I heard the neighbours walking around upstairs, also not sleeping. They were carrying stuff around, banging things; maybe they were packing their belongings. In the morning, I got up and looked around. I remember feeling something isn’t right, something has changed forever. At eight that morning, there were already military people on the streets in gas masks. It calmed us down. Since the army had come to our aid, everything would be fine. We didn’t understand then that the peaceful atom could kill, that man is helpless before the laws of physics. All day on the radio they were telling people to prepare for an evacuation: they would take us away for three days, wash everything, and check it crimson: deep red colour evacuation: the process of leaving a place atom: the smallest unit of any substance because it is no longer considered safe © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 69

over. The kids were told to take their school books. Why do you My husband put our documents and our wedding think Nadezhda’s photos into his briefcase. husband packed the documents Our bus stopped overnight in a village; people and photos? slept on the floor in a school, others in a club. There was nowhere to go. One woman invited us to sleep at her house. “Come in,” she said. Her friend started dragging her away from us. “Are you crazy? They’re contaminated!” When we settled in Mogilev and our son started school, he came back the first day in tears. They put him next to a girl who said she didn’t want to sit with him. The other children were afraid of him. I often dream that I’m riding through sunny Pripyat with my son. (It’s a ghost town now.) We’re riding through and looking at the roses. I am young. My son is little. And in the dream, I’ve forgotten all the fears. After you read If someone from Pripyat came to live near you, how would you feel? How would you treat him or her? contaminated: polluted with a poisonous substance a ghost town: a town in which people don’t live any more 70 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Reading Comprehension A. Circle the correct answer. 1. In which part of Ukraine is Pripyat located? a. northern b. southern c. eastern 2. When did Nadezhda come to know of the explosion? a. on Friday b. on Saturday c. when the military arrived 3. How was the fire at the nuclear reactor different from an ordinary fire? a. It didn’t make a crackling sound. b. It glowed with a shining light. c. There were no flames. 4. Why couldn’t Nadezhda sleep the night after the explosion? a. The neighbours were noisy. b. Her son was sick. c. She was worried. 5. Why were the villagers afraid of getting close to the people from Pripyat? a. The villagers were afraid that the people from Pripyat were contaminated by gases from the nuclear explosion. b. The people from Pripyat were unfriendly. c. The villagers did not want to share their food. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 71

B. Answer the following questions. 1. What caused Nadezhda’s throat to tickle and her eyes to water? 2. “That morning, no one suspected anything.” What does this line show about the people? 3. Why were the people told not to turn off the radio? 4. People told their children, “Look! Remember!” What did they want their children to remember? 5. Why do you think the people felt calm when they saw the soldiers in gas masks? 6. How do you think Nadezhda’s son felt on his first day in a new school? 7. How does Nadezhda feel about Pripyat even after many years of living away? 8. How would you have felt if you were treated like Nadezhda’s family in a new place? 9. If you were allowed to carry only five things while evacuating, what would you pack and why? C. Check your understanding of Sequencing. Number the sentences in the correct order. The people of Pripyat are evacuated. [ ] ] The nuclear reactor explodes at night. [ ] ] Nadezhda’s son comes home from school in tears. [ ] The army comes to Pripyat. [ ] They reach Mogilev. [ Nadezhda’s husband tells her about the fire [ in the nuclear plant. 72 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Vocabulary What is that smell? (The smell was neither good nor bad.) The aroma of the pasta made me hungry. (The smell was pleasant.) Is something rotting here? There is a stench. (The smell was strong and very unpleasant.) Some words with similar meanings send different messages. Aroma and stench are both types of smell, but one has a positive meaning and one has a negative meaning. We choose words with positive or negative meanings depending on the message we want to send. Here are some more examples. Positive Negative a slim lady a skinny lady an antique table an old-fashioned table a lively boy a rowdy boy a challenging task a difficult task Circle the most suitable word given in the brackets. 1. He is a very ( confident / proud ) boy. Everybody admires this quality about him. 2. Austin ( talks / boasts ) about his achievements to his friends. This habit annoys them. 3. This hotel is ( economical / cheap ) but very clean and comfortable. 4. She gets angry if she does not get the biggest piece. I don’t like such ( childish / childlike ) behaviour. W B Unit 6, page 30 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 73

Grammar I didn’t sleep all night and I heard the neighbours walking around. subject verb subject verb Remember, a group of words that has a subject and a verb is called a clause. A clause may form a sentence on its own or it may form part of a sentence. Clauses that are linked by the conjunctions and, for, yet, but, or and so to form a single sentence are called coordinate clauses. Coordinate clauses make complete sense on their own. Both clauses give equally important information. A. Circle the conjunctions and underline the coordinate clauses they link. 1. Hazel came to school but Sally stayed at home. 2. I want a biscuit but the jar is empty. 3. Manny wanted a book so he went to the shop. 4. It was raining hard and there was a strong wind. 5. I might go to the library or I might go to the park. B. Join these sentences using and, but or so. Do this exercise in your notebook. 1. The teacher spoke. The students listened. 2. I wanted to make a cake. I could not find the flour. 3. The king was angry. He did not scold the courtier. 4. I don’t have money to buy an aeroplane ticket. I cannot fly home for the holidays. W B Unit 6, pages 31–32 74 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

You are crazy. He likes tea. The fire hasn’t stopped. Are you crazy? Does he like tea? Has the fire stopped? We can form questions that require a yes or no answer with different forms of the verbs be (am/is/are/was/were), have (have/has/had), do (do/does/did) and helping verbs like will, would, shall, should, can or could. Questions formed with the helping verbs will, would, shall, should, can or could and do/does/did use the basic form of the main verb. When we form a question, we usually change the order of the words and place the verb first. In most questions with helping verbs, the subject comes between the helping verb and the main verb. A. Make questions for the following answers. Write them in your notebook. 1. Yes, it is a sad story. 2. No, there weren’t many people at the function. 3. No, they haven’t gone to the hills. 4. Yes, Mona can speak Spanish. 5. Yes, Ralph goes for swimming classes. B. Make questions for the following answers in your notebook. The first one has been done for you. 1. Does your pet bite? No, he doesn’t bite. 2. No, the film did not scare me. 3. Yes, Harris can cycle. 4. Yes, Jenny has finished her lunch. 5. Yes, Ricky wants to sleep. W B Unit 6, page 33 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 75

Spelling A. Read the words below. They have the long vowel air sound. hair lair fair chair pair air flair stair dairy fairy B. Fill in the blanks with words from the word list above. 1. We must call a carpenter to mend the broken . 2. The came and left a star for John every night. 3. Lighting firecrackers pollutes the . 4. Molly ties up her long before she goes to school every day. 5. Kevin uses a of chopsticks to eat his noodles. Listening Listen to the story by a survivor of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Complete the table to see the similarities and differences between the two disasters. Chernobyl Fukushima 26 April 1986 When it occurred Pripyat, Ukraine Where it occurred explosion in a reactor Why it occurred What happened to evacuated the people 76 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Speaking Pair up with a classmate and read out this imaginary interview with Nadezhda after she has settled in Mogilev. Reporter : Hello, Nadezhda. Has your family settled well in Mogilev? Nadezhda : Life is better here but we still face many hardships. Reporter : Could you tell us more about your life? Nadezhda : My son gets teased in school. People move away from me when I’m at the grocery store. Reporter : I’m so sorry to hear that. How do you feel about this? Nadezhda : I’m sad that people are scared of us. I’m angry that I can’t do anything about it. Reporter : It must be hard for you. Have you thought about returning to Pripyat? Nadezhda : Yes, definitely, but it seems impossible now. I hope the people of Mogilev will accept us one day. Reporter : Stay hopeful, Nadezhda. I wish you all the best. Thank you. Try it out Pair up with a classmate. Imagine that you are a television news reporter (interviewer) and your partner is a worker from the nuclear plant (interviewee). Ask questions about the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl. Take turns to do this activity. Keep these points in mind. Ask questions politely. For example, Could you tell me more about…? May I know…? I beg your pardon. Could you repeat that, please? Do not interrupt the interviewee. Thank him or her after the interview. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 77

Writing News reporters sometimes find out more information about an event by interviewing people. Reports based on interviews retell an event to entertain or inform the reader. A news report based on an interview usually includes the following: a headline to attract readers an introductory sentence that tells us about the interviewee details about where and when the event happened and who was involved the main interview that contains the questions and answers a concluding sentence about the subject. Read the personal recount on pages 68 to 70. Imagine that you have interviewed Nadezhda. Write a newspaper report based on the interview in your notebook. Here are some suggestions for questions and answers to help you write your report. Questions Answers What happened on that day? I still remember… What did you do next? We rushed out… Did you face any difficulties? Yes, it was hard to… How do you feel now? I often think about… W B Unit 6, page 34 78 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Review What did you learn? Tick. Clauses that are linked by the conjunctions and, for, yet, but, or and so to form a single sentence are called coordinate clauses. Coordinate clauses make complete sense on their own. We can form questions that require a yes or no answer with different forms of the verbs be (am/is/are/was/were), have (have/has/had), do (do/does/did) and helping verbs like will, would, shall, should, can or could. Questions formed with the helping verbs will, would, shall, should, can or could and do/does/did use the basic form of the main verb. In most questions with helping verbs, the subject comes between the helping verb and the main verb. Some words have the long vowel air sound. Project Work Everybody should be prepared for disasters. Form groups of three and make an action plan in case there is a fire. Find out about the different causes of fire and how each can be extinguished. List some of the steps you can take till help arrives. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 79

7 Do It Yourself Before you read What kind of stories and poems do you like to read? I’m Sick of Learning Lochinvar I’m sick of learning Lochinvar, I’m sick of Robert Frost, Kept stopping by those snowy woods— Why didn’t he go get lost? And daffodils and babbling brooks, I don’t care if they’re pretty, I’d rather read a wicked poem About living in my city. I don’t mind the Highwayman With that hat upon his brow! But all that happened long ago, Doesn’t anyone write about now? If someone ever asked me Does the poet think (As if someone ever would!) anyone would ask I’d tell them what I’d like her how to make a To make a poem good. good poem? sick of (something): bored and annoyed by (something) brooks: small streams wicked: evil; playfully mischievous Lochinvar: a famous poem by Walter Scott, written in Highwayman: in olden times, a man, usually the year 1808 on horseback, who robbed travellers; also the name of a poem about a highwayman Robert Frost: poet who wrote the poem Stopping by brow: forehead Woods on a Snowy Evening © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 babbling: making a continuous sound of water 80 flowing over stones

I’d like a poem about my dog, Ringgit is his name (And Ringgit is a currency— Didn’t know that—what a shame!) Or a poem about my sister’s friend (The two of them are three) Who comes over to our house Only when she wants to pee. Or perhaps a really serious one About dragons and dragonflies A poem with really serious facts Instead of only lies. No poems about pirates please, I’d prefer one on sport. Or a super genius child who Invented a game of thought. But who’s listening and where can I Find such poems on the shelf? Who cares, I know a better way— I’ll write them all myself! –Sampurna Chattarji After you read What are some of the things that you can do on your own? ringgit: the paper money used in Malaysia 81 dragonflies: insects with long bodies and two pairs of large transparent wings currency: the money used in a particular country genius: extraordinarily intelligent © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Reading Comprehension A. Circle the correct answer. 1. What kind of poems is the speaker sick of reading? a. poems about pretty daffodils b. poems about dragons c. poems about living in a city 2. Which poem of long ago does the speaker not mind reading? a. a poem by Robert Frost b. a poem about the Highwayman c. a poem about Lochinvar 3. What kind of a poem would the speaker like to read? a. a poem about pirates b. a poem about brooks c. a poem about her dog 4. The speaker would like a poem on “a super genius child”. Which of the following things should the child have done? a. invented a game of thought b. fought with dragons c. written a poem 82 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

5. What does the speaker finally decide to do? a. get lost in the forest b. write poems herself c. look for good poems on the shelf B. Answer the following questions. 1. What does the speaker wish she knew? 2. How old is the speaker’s sister? 3. The speaker says that she would like a poem on dragons with “serious facts instead of only lies”. Is such a poem possible to write? Give reasons for your answer. (Hint: Are dragons real or imaginary?) 4. What kind of stories and poems are you sick of? Do you like to read stories and poems only from your country or from other countries as well? Why? 5. If you could, what three things would you ask someone else to do for you? C. Check your understanding of Drawing Conclusions. 1. How can you conclude that the speaker has read a lot of poems? 2. Is it true that none of the poems that the speaker has read belong to the present time? How do you know? 3. Do you think the speaker likes her sister’s friend? How can you tell? © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 83

Vocabulary Why didn’t he go get lost? I must get cracking at once and finish this project. Get lost is a rude way of asking someone to go away, usually because one is angry or annoyed with them. Get cracking means to hurry up and start doing something that one is supposed to do. Both these phrases are idioms. Idioms are lively expressions that we use to make a strong point. The meaning of an idiom is often quite different from the meaning of the individual words. Here are some more examples of idioms. Idiom Meaning get on your nerves annoy you a lot get the picture understand something get the door open the door lose your cool lose control and show your anger, especially by shouting lose sight of forgot about something important something because you are thinking about less important things lose heart feel that you cannot achieve what you want 84 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Fill in the blanks with idioms from the table. 1. Gary doesn’t know what is going on. He will the only if you explain the situation to him. 2. It is easy to when we fail at something but we should keep trying till we succeed. 3. My neighbours throw their rubbish on my lawn and that on my . 4. Our Maths teacher rarely her , even when the class is being noisy. 5. The doorbell rang. Mum left her tea and went to the . 6. We started this club to help people. Let us not of that. W B Unit 7, page 35 Grammar I’d rather read a wicked poem. Polly would rather eat fruit than cake. I would like chocolate ice cream for dessert. We use would rather when we want to indicate a particular choice. We use would like to show that we want something. Fill in the blanks with would rather or would like. 1. Anne a pink dress for the class party. 2. The girls collect pebbles than stamps for their project. 3. Remo five fish for his aquarium. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 85

4. Dennis draw invitation cards than decorate the classroom for the class party. 5. I be on holiday than work. 6. The children read books in the library than play basketball. W B Unit 7, page 36 Try it out Pair up with a classmate. Tell each other which of these things you would rather do. play tennis/watch a film read a book/colour a picture I was writing a poem when I saw a dragonfly. Although we had a huge dinner, we still wanted ice cream. A main clause makes complete sense by itself. The clause that depends on the main clause to make sense is known as the dependent or subordinate clause. Subordinate clauses are introduced by conjunctions such as when, although, because, if, unless, since, though and before. We use a comma after a subordinate clause if it comes before the main clause. A. Underline the main clause and circle the subordinate clause in each sentence. Add a comma where necessary. 1. Though I was tired I went to play. 2. Unless it is raining I will go to the park. 3. Since he was not well he did not go to work. 4. Mum was watching television when the doorbell rang. 5. Bernard visits his grandfather often because his grandfather is lonely. 86 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

B. Complete the sentences with clauses starting with when, although, because, if, unless, since, though or before. 1. He closed the door . 2. , the food was not very tasty. 3. Dad likes to read the newspaper . 4. I had a cup of tea . 5. , I will not be able to finish my work. W B Unit 7, pages 37–38 Spelling A. Read the words below. They have the long vowel ear sound. The ear in these words sound like air in pair. bear pear wear swear tear underwear B. Fill in the blanks with words from the word list above. 1. A is a green fruit. 2. Clothing that you wear next to your skin is known as . 3. Don’t run around at the party. You may your new dress. 4. Adam got a teddy on his birthday. 5. Sandra made her brother never to tease her. 6. Bob loves to the colour black. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 87

Listening Listen to the sentences. Tick the correct pictures. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 88 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Speaking Mina and Tom are having a conversation. Mina : You look pale. Are you sick? Tom : Thanks for your concern, I’m all right. Mina : Let’s play in the park. Tom : Thanks, but I don’t feel like playing outside now. I would like to relax for a while. Mina : Then let’s play computer games. Tom : Actually, I would rather read than play on the computer. It is important to be tactful when we speak to others. Being tactful means to be careful of what we say and how we say it, in order to not embarrass or hurt others’ feelings. Here are some tactful and tactless responses. Question Tactless response Tactful response I am really busy Can I come in? No, you can’t. at the moment. No, it was boring. It wasn’t bad. Did you enjoy No, it’s childish. the party? Thank you for the gift. Do you like the gift? Try it out Pair up with a classmate. Take turns to respond tactfully to any one of these situations. You have gone shopping with your friend, but you don’t like the dress your friend wants to buy. You are invited to see a film, but you would rather go to the library. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 89

Writing A cinquain (pronounced sin-cane) is a five-line poem that describes a person, place or thing. It has a fixed number of words. So, it always has the same shape. This is what makes it special. A cinquain has five lines and eleven words. There are no repeated words. Each line begins with a capital letter. There is no punctuation at the end. Here is a cinquain on the subject Bread. Bread parents Chewy, buttery Biting, chewing, chomping Best with sticky jam Bread Now, write your own five-line cinquain on any one of these subjects. fruit pet Line 1 a one word title (a noun that tells what your poem is about) Line 2 , Line 3 two adjectives that describe your noun ,, three -ing participles (verb + -ing) that describe what your poem is about Line 4 a phrase that says more about your subject Line 5 a synonym for your title (or repeat the title) W B Unit 7, page 39 90 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Review What did you learn? Tick. Idioms are lively expressions that we use to make a strong point. The meaning of an idiom is often quite different from the meaning of the individual words. We use would rather when we want to indicate a particular choice. We use would like to show that we want something. A main clause makes complete sense by itself. The clause that depends on the main clause to make sense is known as the dependent or subordinate clause. Subordinate clauses are introduced by conjunctions such as when, although, because, if, unless, since, though and before. We use a comma after a subordinate clause if it comes before the main clause. Some words have the long vowel ear sound. Project Work Make a list of the topics about which you would like to read in stories. Write these topics on slips of paper and place them in a box. Ask your teacher to pick a slip and give you the first sentence to start a story on this topic. Then, each student adds one sentence to carry on the story. You can add new characters or events. © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 91

8A Champion Athlete Before you read What is the most popular sport in your country? Who is the most famous sportsperson there? Usain Bolt Usain St Leo Bolt was born on 21 August 1986, in Trelawny, How did Usain Bolt Jamaica. He grew up with his parents, brother spend his time as a and sister. As a child, he spent his time playing cricket and football in the street with his brother. child? Bolt won his first medal in track and field at his school, William Knibb Memorial High. Bolt was a promising fast bowler in cricket and participated in high jump events as well. However, his coaches saw his lightning speed and encouraged him to concentrate on track and field. His commitment paid off, and he won four medals at the CARIFTA (Caribbean Free Trade Association) Games in 2002. Later that year, Bolt won the gold medal in 200m at the IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations) World Junior T&F (track and field) Championships in Kingston, Jamaica. Participating in front of a huge home crowd, he won his country’s only individual gold medal. In addition to that, he also won two silver medals, as part of the relay teams. track and field: a sporting event that includes running, commitment: being faithful to a cause jumping and throwing individual: one person, not a group relay: a race between teams of runners promising: showing signs of being successful in future © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 lightning: very fast 92

In 2004, Bolt broke the world junior record in the 200m event at the CARIFTA Games. He also made his Olympic debut at Athens in the same year, but he did not When did Bolt perform well because of a hamstring injury. make his Olympic The pain from his injured hamstring was so debut? severe that Bolt could not finish the 200m event at the 2005 IAAF World T&F Championships. Jamaican athletes won all the sprint events at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Australia. Bolt missed this “Jamaican party” because of another hamstring injury. 2007 was a landmark year for Bolt. First, he broke the 30-year-old Jamaican 200m record, held by Donald Quarrie. After that, he won two silver medals in the relays at the 2007 IAAF World T&F Championships. Bolt’s fairy tale began in 2008, at the How old was Olympic Games in Beijing. He won gold in the Bolt when he 100m, 200m and 4x100m relay, and set the participated in the world record in all three events. He won gold in Rio Olympics? the same events at the 2012 Olympic Games in London. Then, one day before his thirtieth birthday, he swept up the same triple at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio. debut: a person’s first appearance in a severe: very great particular event sprint: a fast race of 400 metres perform: do something or less hamstring: tissue at the back of a person’s knee triple: having three items © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 93

In addition to his incredible achievements at the Olympics, Bolt also shone at the IAAF World T&F Championships. He won gold in the 100m, 200m and 4x100m events at the 2009, 2013 and 2015 World Championships. He also won the 200m and 4x100m events at the World Championships in 2011. Bolt currently holds the world record in the 100m, 200m and 4x100m. Over the years, he has consistently broken and set new records. Bolt’s achievements have earned him many honours and awards. He has won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Name two awards won by Bolt. Year award and the IAAF Male Athlete of the Year award multiple times. Usain Bolt is a legend in the world of sports. He has What is the achieved the “Triple Triple”, winning three gold medals at “Triple Triple”? three consecutive Olympic Games. Bolt has a signature style of celebrating his wins: a gesture with a finger on his lips and the “lightning bolt” pose. Bolt has said that the 2017 World Championships in London will be his last competition as an athlete. Usain Bolt’s story is a magical one. It is a combination of natural talent and tireless hard work that has made Bolt the greatest sprinter of all time. After you read What difficulties do athletes face in their careers? incredible: hard to believe consecutive: coming one after another consistently: on every occasion multiple: more than once signature: a characteristic or a typical pattern legend: an extremely famous person that a person or thing can be identified with gesture: bodily action used to express something 94 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Reading Comprehension A. Answer the following questions. 1. Why did Bolt’s coaches want him to concentrate on track and field? 2. How does Bolt celebrate his wins? 3. What was the “Jamaican party”? Why was it called this? 4. Why is Bolt called a legend in the world of sports? 5. Do you think Bolt inspires young athletes all over the world? Give reasons for your answer. 6. In your opinion, is it reasonable to expect famous athletes like Bolt to be on top form all the time? Why? B. Check your understanding of Sequencing. Number the sentences in the correct order. The first one has been done for you. He achieves the “Triple Triple”. [] He is not a part of the “Jamaican party”. [] He wins a gold medal in front of his home crowd. [] He breaks the record held by Donald Quarrie. [] He breaks the world junior record. [] Usain Bolt is born in Trelawny, Jamaica. [1] He fails to finish his event because of an injury. [] He says that the 2017 World Championships in [] London would be his last competition as an athlete. He makes his debut at the Olympics. [] © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 95

Vocabulary Bolt won his first medal in track and field. His fairy tale began at the Beijing Olympic Games. The words in red are some common words that are related to sports and games. Match each word with the correct meaning. 1. competition a. the best performance in the world in a particular sport 2. medal b. people who come to watch a game or an event 3. spectators c. a metal disc given as a prize 4. coach d. a competitor who comes second in a competition 5. referee e. an event in which people take part to win 6. runner-up f. a person who makes sure that players play a game according to the rules 7. world record g. a person who trains people in a sport Try it out Pair up with a classmate. Choose one game you both enjoy. Take turns to talk about the game, for example, the number of players, the rules and the equipment used. 96 W B Unit 8, page 40 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2

Grammar The pain was so severe that he could not finish his event. It was such a severe pain that he could not finish his event. Word pairs such as so…that and such…that tell us about a cause and its effect. Match the columns to make complete sentences. 1. They had such a good a. that I stopped reading time after the first chapter. 2. Myra was injured so b. that they visited the badly same place next year. 3. She speaks so fast c. that she had to be taken to the hospital. 4. It was such a d. that people walked out bad book of the auditorium after the first fifteen minutes. 5. Martin is so shy e. that he lay in bed all day. 6. The play was such a f. that he hardly talks to disaster anyone in class. 7. Mario had such a bad g. that I cannot headache understand her. W B Unit 8, page 41 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2 97

Bolt did not perform well at his Olympic debut. I had never seen anything like it. She is not going there. A sentence that makes a negative statement using not or never is known as a negative sentence. If there is a helping verb in the sentence, we put not or never after it. If there is no helping verb in the sentence, we use do, does or did as the helping verb. We usually use never as the negative of always in a sentence. Change these sentences into negative sentences. Write them in your notebooks. The first one has been done for you. 1. I know that man. I do not know that man. 2. They are always ready to help their mother. 3. Rita is ironing her clothes. 4. It will calm us down. 5. He was listening to the teacher. 6. I always trusted him. 7. He knows the place well. 8. He can run faster than Usain Bolt. 9. The phone was ringing. 10. I have finished my homework. W B Unit 8, page 42 98 © 2017 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-981-47-8115-2