Active Maths CB G3 Inside_LR

1.4  Volume and capacity 5 L This beaker can hold 5 litres of liquid. The capacity of a 4 L The capacity of the beaker is 5 litres. container is the amount of liquid it can hold when full. 3L There are 2 litres of liquid in the beaker. The volume of liquid in the beaker is The amount of liquid in the 2 L 2 litres. container is the volume of 1 L the liquid. bea ker Exercise 2 1. Fill in the blanks with volume or capacity. 1 L a) The of the beaker is 1 litre. b) The of the beaker is 200 millilitres. SCHOLASTIC The capacity of a container is 2 litres more than the volume of liquid in it. If there is 1 litre of water in the container, what is its capacity? Practice 1 1. Which container holds a greater volume of water? XY holds a greater volume of water than . Container Container © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 105

2. Fill in the blanks. 1L 1L Container P Container Q SCHOLASTIC 1L 1L 1L 1L Container R 1L Container S a) Container contains less than 1 litre of flavoured milk. b) Container contains more than 1 litre of flavoured milk. c) Container and Container contain the same volume of flavoured milk. d) Container R contains the volume of flavoured milk. e) Container P contains the volume of flavoured milk. f) Arrange the milk containers in increasing order of their volumes. , , , 106 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

3. Fill in the blanks with volume or capacity. 20 L 3L 4L can of paint buckets a) The of the can of paint is 20 litres. b) The of the purple bucket is 3 litres. SCHOLASTIC c) The of paint left in the can after the two buckets are completely filled is 13 litres. I know how to m easure and compare volumes in litres explain the concept of volume differentiate between volume and capacity 2  Litres and Millilitres 2.1  Volume in litres and millilitres a) 500 ml 1L 50 ml The total volume of liquid is 1 litre 450 millilitres. We also use millilitres for measuring smaller volumes. © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 107

b) A fish tank contains 2 litres 765 millilitres of water. What is the volume of water in millilitres? 2 L = 2000 ml 2 L 765 ml 1 L = 1000 ml ×2 765 ml ×2 2 L = 2000 ml 2 L 765 ml = 2000 ml + 765 ml = 2765 ml The volume of water in the fish tank is 2765 millilitres. SCHOLASTIC c) A kettle contains 6180 millilitres of water. What is the volume of water in litres and millilitres? 6000 ml = 6 L 6180 ml 180 ml 1000 ml = 1 L ×6 ×6 6000 ml = 6 L 6180 ml = 6 L + 180 ml = 6 L 180 ml The volume of water in the kettle is 6 litres 180 millilitres. Exercise 3 1. Get a mug, a water bottle and a jug that contain water. Estimate and then measure the volume of water in each container. Volume Container Estimate Actual measure a) mug about L ml L ml b) water bottle c) jug about L ml L ml about L ml L ml 108 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

2. Find the total volume of water in the beakers. 1 L 500 ml Total volume of water = L ml 400 300 500 200 100 Q P 3. Express in millilitres. a) 1 L 600 ml = ml SCHOLASTIC 1L= ml 1 L 600 ml 1 L = 1000 ml 600 ml 1 L 600 ml = ml + 600 ml ml = b) 2 L 510 ml = ml 4. Express in litres and millilitres. a) 3420 ml = L ml L 3000 ml = ml 3420 ml ml 3000 ml = 3 L ml 3420 ml = L+ = L b) 1785 ml = L ml © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 109

2.2  Comparing volumes in litres and millilitres The volume of water in some containers is shown below. XY Z Z 920 ml 1900 ml 1 L 710 ml The volume of water in Container X is less than the volume of water in Container Y. The volume of water in Container X is also less than the volume of water in Container Z. Container X has the least volume of water. SCHOLASTIC The volume of w­ ater in ­Container X is less than 1 litre. Express the volume of water in Container Z in millilitres. 1 L 710 ml  = 1 L + 710 ml = 1000 ml + 710 ml = 1710 ml The volume of water in container Z is 1 litre 710 millilitres or 1710 millilitres. Compare the volumes, 920 ml, 1900 ml and 1710 ml. Compare 1900 and 1710. Both have 1 thousand, so we compare the hundreds. 9 hundreds is greater than 7 hundreds. The volume of water in Container Y is greater than the volume of water in  Container Z. Container Y has the greatest volume of water. If we arrange the containers in decreasing order of the volume of water in them, we have: Container Y, Container Z, Container X. (greatest) Exercise 4 1. Circle the correct answer. a) 3 L 104 ml is more than / equal to / less than 314 ml. b) 1 L 52 ml is more than / equal to / less than 1520 ml. c) 7 L 8 ml is more than / equal to / less than 7008 ml. 110 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

2. Arrange the volumes in increasing order. a) 2 L 181 ml 2 L 811 ml 2118 ml (least)   b) 6450 ml 6 L 45 ml 6540 ml 6504 ml (least)     ml Practice 2 L ml 1. Find the total volume of water in the beakers. L ml ml a) ml 500 ml ml 400 100 ml 300 200 50 100 b) 1L SCHOLASTIC 500 100 ml 100 ml 50 50 c) 1L 1L 500 ml 400 100 ml 500 500 300 50 200 100 2. Express in millilitres. ml b) 5 L 130 ml = a) 1 L 472 ml = ml d) 4 L 44 ml = c) 8 L 910 ml = ml f) 8 L 8 ml = e) 6 L 75 ml = © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 111

3. Express in litres and millilitres. L ml a) 1206 ml = L ml b) 4618 ml = L ml c) 9530 ml = L ml d) 2009 ml = L ml e) 6059 ml = L ml f) 4503 ml = 4. Fill in the blanks with greater than, equal to or less than. a) 900 ml is 10 L. b) 4 L 50 ml is 450 ml. c) 2700 ml is 2 L 700 ml. SCHOLASTIC d) 3 L 2 ml is 3200 ml. e) 15 L is 5000 ml. 5. Arrange the volumes in increasing order. a) 5 L 690 ml 5609 ml 5906 ml b) 7 L 180 ml 7 L 810 ml 7610 ml 7801 ml 8501 ml c) 8 L 20 ml 8 L 120 ml 8 L 150 ml 7 L 120 ml 6. Arrange the volumes in decreasing order. 7500 ml a) 3 L 960 ml 2900 ml 3 L 60 ml b) 7100 ml 6010 ml 6 L 20 ml c) 5 L 70 ml 5007 ml 7 L 50 ml I know how to express litres and millilitres in millilitres and measure volume in litres and millilitres vice versa c ompare volumes in litres and millilitres 112 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

3  Word Problems A barrel contains 124 litres of water. 56 litres more water are needed to fill up the barrel completely. What is the capacity of the barrel? 1 Understand There are 124 litres of water in the barrel. 56 litres the problem. more water are needed to fill up the barrel completely. I need to find the total volume of water in the barrel when it is full. 2 Plan Draw a bar model to solve the problem. what to do. SCHOLASTIC 3 Work out the 124 L 56 L Answer. ? 124 L + 56 L = 180 L The capacity of the barrel is 180 litres. 4 Check 180 L – 56 L = 124 L if your answer My answer is correct. is correct. 1 . Understand 2 . Plan 3 . Answer 4 . Check Exercise 5 Solve the word problems. Draw bar models to help you. 1 . Understand 2 . Plan 3 . Answer 4 . Check 1. There are 420 millilitres of water in a fish bowl. S­ usan adds 570 millilitres of water to the bowl to fill it completely. What is the capacity of the fish bowl? © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 113

2. There are 300 millilitres of water in a kettle. There are 650 millilitres of water in a flask. How much more w­ ater is there in the flask than in the kettle? 3. Ravin needs 38 litres of ­petrol for his motorcycle each week. How many litres of petrol will he need for 5 weeks? 4. There are 765 m­ illilitres of honey in a bottle. Smita poured all the h­ oney equally into 9 s­ imilar jars. How many m­ illilitres of honey are there in each jar? I know how to solve 1-step word problems on volume or capacity SCHOLASTIC Chapter Review 1. Which of the following containers has the greatest capacity? a) glass b) water bottle c) spoon d) bucket 2. Write the volume of liquid in each container in litres and millilitres. a) 1L can 1L 1L 1L b) fish tank c) Which container has greater volume of liquid?  114 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

3. The containers show the volume of water used by Krishna, Raj and Kiran to water plants daily. Fill in the blanks. 1 L 100 ml 500 ml 500 ml 1 L 1 L 100 ml 50 400 400 50 300 300 500 200 200 500 500 100 100 Krishna Raj Kiran a) Krishna uses millilitres of water. b) Raj uses litres millilitres of water. c) Kiran uses litres millilitres of water. SCHOLASTIC d) uses more water than Krishna. e) uses less water than Krishna. f) Write the names of the children in decreasing order of the volume of water used by them. ,, 4. Mark the water levels in each set of beakers to show the g­ iven volume. a) b) 1 L 500 ml 100 ml 500 ml 400 50 500 300 400 100 ml 200 300 100 200 50 100 310 ml 1 L 240 ml 5. Match. 2870 ml 2 L 809 ml 2980 ml 2 L 87 ml • • • • • • • • 2 L 980 ml 2087 ml 2 L 870 ml 2809 ml 115 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

6. Container A has a capacity of 420 millilitres. Container B has a capacity of 200 millilitres. a) What is the total capacity of the two containers? b) Container C has a capacity that is 50 millilitres less than the total capacity of Container A and Container B. What is the capacity of Container C? 7. There are 180 millilitres of milk left in a jug a­ fter Siya used some of it to bake 8 puddings. Each p­ udding ­required 225 millilitres of milk. How much milk was there in the jug at first? 8. The capacity of a bucket is 9 litres. There are 8 litres 316 m­ illilitres of water in the bucket. If 6 similar cups full of w­ ater are needed to fill up the bucket completely, what is the capacity of each cup? 9. Sharon has two buckets. The capacity of Bucket A is 5 litres. The capacity of Bucket B is 3 litres. How can Sharon get 4 litres of water if she uses both buckets? 10. Rohit says that the volume of liquid in a container can never be greater than its capacity. Is he correct? Give reasons for your answer. SCHOLASTIC 116 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

9 Money TO Let’s Revise 1. Count and write the amount of money. a) rupees and paise = ` SCHOLASTIC b) rupees and paise = ` 2. Compare the amounts of money. Then, fill in the blanks. a) Rupees Paise ` 35.67 35 67 ` is the greater amount. ` 15.90 15 90 ` is the smaller amount. b) Rupees Paise 85 ` 50.85 50 50 56 ` 50.50 50 ` is the greatest amount. ` is the smallest amount. ` 50.56 50 3. Fill in the blanks. a) 1 ten-rupee note can be exchanged for 1 five-rupee note and fifty-paisa coins. b) 1 five-hundred-rupee note can be exchanged for one-hundred-rupee notes and 2 fifty-rupee notes. © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 117

1  Rupees and Paise 1.1  Counting rupees and paise R ohit has the following notes and coins. How much money does he have? We read this as two thousand six hundredSCHOLASTICThis is a two-thousand- eleven rupees and fifty paise. rupee note. We write this as ` 2611.50. ` 2611 . 50 Exercise 1 Rupees    Paise The dot separates the 1. Count and write the amount of money. paise from the rupees. a) rupees and paise b) =` rupees and paise =` © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 118

2. Circle the correct amount of money. a)   one hundred twenty-four rupees     ` 124   ` 12.40   ` 200.75  ` 217.50  ` 207.50 b)  two hundred seven rupees and fifty paise ` 502.50  ` 512.50  ` 500.25 c) five hundred twelve rupees and fifty paise 1.2  Changing rupees and paise a) We can change rupees and paise to paise. SCHOLASTIC ` 1 = 100 p ` 5 = 500 p ` 5 or 500 p 35 p We have 5 rupees and 35 paise. ` 5.35 = ` 5 + 35 p = 500 p + 35 p = 535 p b) We can change paise to rupees and paise. 100 p = ` 1 100 p or ` 1 95 p We have one hundred and ninety-five paise. 195 p = 100 p + 95 p = ` 1 + 95 p = ` 1.95 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 119

c) We can change paise to rupees. 60 p When there are no rupees, we put a zero before the dot. We say sixty paise. We write 60 p or ` 0.60 . Exercise 2 1. Write in paise. a) ` 3 = d) ` 4.75 = SCHOLASTIC p b) ` 6.05 = p c) ` 5.20 = p p e) ` 78.13 = p f) ` 17.29 = p 2. Write in rupees. b) 306 p = ` c) 545 p = ` a) 29 p = ` e) 616 p = ` f) 570 p = ` d) 425 p = ` 1.3  Comparing amounts of money a) Which amount is greater, ` 219.65 or ` 219.80? ` 219.65 Rupees Paise ` 219.80 219 65 219 80 First, compare the Then, compare the rupees. They are paise. 80 is greater the same. than 65. ` 219.65 < ` 219.80 ` 219.80 is the greater amount. 120 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

b) Which amount is the smallest? Which amount is the greatest? ` 1027.50 Rupees Paise ` 3928.45 1027 50 ` 3928.20 3928 45 3928 20 First, compare the Then, compare the rupees. paise. ` 1027.50 < ` 3928.45 ` 3928.45 > ` 3928.20 ` 1027.50 is the smallest amount. ` 3928.45 is the greatest amount. SCHOLASTIC To compare amounts of money, compare the r­upees first. Then, compare the paise. Exercise 3 1. Compare the amounts of money. Then, fill in the blanks. a) ` 105.40 and ` 105.70 Rupees Paise ` is the greater amount. 105 40 105 70 ` is the smaller amount. b) ` 967.35, ` 2736.85 and ` 967.25 Rupees Paise ` is the greatest amount. 967 35 ` is the smallest amount. 2736 85 967 25 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 121

Monica has 3 five-rupee coins, 2 fifty-paisa coins and 3 ten-rupee notes. Monica has ` in all. Practice 1 1. Circle the notes and coins that would make the given amount. a) ` 734 b) ` 2171.50SCHOLASTIC 2. Write the amount of money. ` a) seventy-five paise ` b) fifty-two rupees ` c) ninety-one rupees and forty paise ` d) eighty rupees and twenty-five paise ` e) two thousand ten rupees and six paise 122 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

3. Complete the table. Rupees Paise a) ` 5.01 b) 900 p c) 8010 p d) ` 17.05 e) 7910 p f) 9801 p SCHOLASTIC 4. Fill in the circles with > or <. b) ` 45.75 4757 p a) ` 21 2345 p c) 7642 p ` 70 d) ` 738.49 7894 p e) ` 860.60 ` 860.06 f) ` 9284.12 ` 9244.21 5. Circle the smallest amount of money. a) ` 1736.45 ` 1376.54 ` 1736.54 ` 654.09 b) ` 4102.54 ` 654.99 ` 8279.67 ` 8009.65 c) ` 8274.67 ` 8274.76 d) ` 8009.76 ` 7008.99 I know how to change rupees to paise and vice versa count and write an amount of money in rupees and paise c ompare money in rupees and paise © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 123

2  Adding Amounts of Money 2.1  Making 1 rupee Tina has 75 p in her money box. How much does she need to make `1? 75 p ` 1 = 100 p `1 25 p ` 1 − 75 p = 100 p − 75 p = 25 p She needs 25 p to make ` 1. SCHOLASTIC 2.2  Adding rupees and paise without regrouping a) Riya has ` 3.25. Her father gives her ` 6.60. How much money does she have altogether now? ` 3.25 + 1 First, add the rupees. ` 6.60 2 Then, add the paise. `3+`6=`9 25 p + 60 p = 85 p ` 3.25 + ` 6.60 = ` 9.85 She has ` 9.85 altogether now. ` 9 + 85 p = ` 9.85 124 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

b) Add ` 7.20 to ` 24.50. ` 7.20 ` 7 20 p First, add the rupees. Then, add the paise. ` 24.50 + `7 ` 31.50 + 20 p ` 31.70 ` 24.50 + ` 7.20 = ` 31.70 Exercise 4 1. How much more money is needed to make ` 1? a) `1 b) `1 35 pSCHOLASTIC 17 p ` 3.75 2. Write the missing numbers. a) ` 4.10 + ` 3.75 = ` + ` 4.10 `4 p ` p Another way: ` ` 4.10 + ` 3.75 ` 4 + ` =` ` 3 75 p p+ p= p Add ` 4.10 and ` 3. Then, add 75 p to ` 4.10 + ` 3.75 = ` the sum. b) ` 15.35 + ` 22.40 = ` + 20 p 3. Add mentally. Then, write the missing numbers. a) ` b) +`5 + 35 p + ` 23 ` 10.60 + ` 5.35 ` ` 32.55 + ` 23.20 ` © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 125

2.3  Adding rupees and paise with regrouping a) Gopal has ` 21.70 in notes and coins in his wallet. He found 90 paise in coins in his old wallet. How much money does Gopal have altogether? + ` 21.70 SCHOLASTIC 90 p `1 ` 21.70 + 90 p ` 21.70 + 90 p = ` 22.60 30 p 60 p Gopal has ` 22.60 altogether. 70 p and 30 p make ` 1. So, ` 21.70 and 30 p make ` 22. ` 22 + 60 p = ` 22.60 126 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

b) Add ` 4.85 to ` 39.25. ` 43.25 + 85 p 75 p 10 p Method 1 `5 First, add the rupees. Then, add the paise. ` 4.85 15 p ` 39.25 + ` 4 ` 43.25 + 85 p ` 44.10 ` 4.85 and 15 p make ` 5. ` 39.25 + ` 4.85 = ` 44.10 Method 2 Adding ` 4.85 is the same as adding ` 5 and then subtracting 15 p. ` 39.25 + ` 5 ` 44.25 – 15 p ` 44.10 ` 39.25 + ` 4.85 = ` 44.10 SCHOLASTIC Exercise 5 20 p and 80 p make ` 1. 1. Add. a) 20 p + 80 p = ` b) ` 1.05 + 95 p = ` c) ` 36.85 + 15 p = ` 2. Add. b) 70 p + ` 4.30 = ` a) 35 p + 65 p = ` d) ` 82.55 + ` 12.65 p = ` c) ` 35.25 p + ` 8.75 = ` 3. Add mentally. Then, write the missing numbers. a) ` b) ` +`1 – 15 p + ` 17 – 20 p ` 6.70 + ` 0.85 ` ` 25.40 + ` 16.80 ` © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 127

2.4  Adding rupees and paise Add ` 23.65 and ` 19.70. We can write the addition this way. `2 3. 6 5 + `1 9. 7 0 1 Add the paise. This is similar to adding the numbers 2365 and 1970 in this way:  1 1 `2 3. 6 5 + `1 9. 7 0 23 6 5 + 1970 ` .3 5 35 2 Add the rupees. Remember to align the dots.  1 1 SCHOLASTIC `2 3. 6 5 + `1 9. 7 0 `4 3. 3 5 So, ` 23.65 + ` 19.70 = ` 43.35. To add amounts of money, work from right to left. We add the paise first, then add the rupees. Exercise 6 `4.1 0 b) 1 8 0 `1.8 0 + `0.7 5 +650 + `6.5 0 1. Add. a) 4 1 0 + 75 c) 1 1 4 0 ` 1 1 . 4 0 d) 1 5 7 0 `1 5.7 0 + 620 + `2 1.3 0 + ` 6.20 +2130 128 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

2.5  Solving 1-step word problems The price of a child’s ticket to the zoo is ` 19.50. The price of an adult’s ticket is ` 17.50 more. What is the price of an adult’s ticket to the zoo? 1 Understand The price of a child’s ticket is ` 19.50. The price the problem. of an adult’s ticket is ` 17.50 more than the price of a child’s ticket. I have to find the price of an adult’s ticket. 2 Plan Draw a bar model to solve the problem. what to do. SCHOLASTIC 3 Work out the ` 19.50 ` 17.50 Answer. child’s ticket adult’s ticket ? ` 19.50 + ` 17.50 = ` 37.00 The price of an adult’s ticket is ` 37.00. 4 Check ` 37.00 is more than ` 19.50 and ` 17.50. if your answer My answer is reasonable. is reasonable. 1 . Understand 2 . Plan 3 . Answer 4 . Check Exercise 7 Solve the word problems. Draw bar models to help you. 1 . Understand 2 . Plan 3 . Answer 4 . Check 1. Ruhi paid ` 14.25 for a pack of biscuits. She had ` 3.75 left. How much money did she have at first? © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 129

2. Yasmin has ` 43.70. She needs another ` 12.80 to buy a pencil box. How much does the pencil box cost? 3. John saved ` 62.85. His sister saved ` 36.40. How much did they save altogether? Practice 2 1. How much more money is needed to make ` 1? a) 50 p + = ` 1 b) 60 p + =`1 =`1 c) 75 p + = ` 1 d) 35 p + 2. Add mentally.SCHOLASTIC b) ` 67.35 + 80 p = ` a) 70 p + ` 2.65 = ` d) ` 9.60 + ` 11.05 = ` c) ` 2.80 + ` 5.40 = ` e) ` 4.75 + ` 20.85 = ` f) ` 64.15 + ` 35.75 = ` g) ` 15.30 + ` 8.90 = ` h) ` 41.25 + ` 32.85 = ` 3. Add. a) ` 4 4 . 2 0 b) ` 1 6 . 1 0 c) ` 2 8 . 3 5 + ` 3.70 + `2 1.4 5 + `5 0.1 5 d) ` 6 5 . 9 5 e) ` 1 1 . 7 5 f) ` 3 6 . 5 5 + `1 7.6 0 + `8 3.4 5 + `1 8.8 5 4. Richa has ` 25.75 left after spending ` 12. How much money did Richa have in the beginning? 5. Sara has ` 52.50. Her friend added ` 34.50 to buy a gift for their friend. How much money do Sara and her friend have for their gift? 130 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

6. Ali spent ` 6.15 of his pocket money last week. This is ` 2.90 less than what Varun spent. How much of his pocket money did Varun spend last week? I know how to a dd rupees or paise to an amount of make 1 rupee money add money up to 100 rupees solve 1-step word problems involving addition of money 3  Subtracting Amounts of Money 3.1  Subtracting rupees and paise without regrouping a) Rishu had ` 9.80. He purchased an eraser for ` 4.50. How much money did he have left? SCHOLASTIC ` 9.80 1 First, subtract the rupees. 2 Then, subtract the paise. `9–`4=`5 80 p – 50 p = 30 p ` 9.80 – ` 4.50 = ` 5.30 He had ` 5.30 left. 131 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

b) Subtract ` 5.60 from ` 19.70. First, subtract the rupees. Then, subtract the paise. ` 5.60 ` 19.70 – ` 5 ` 14.70 – 60 p ` 14.10 ` 5 60 p ` 19.70 – ` 5.60 = ` 14.10 Exercise 8 1. Write the missing numbers. a)     ` 7.95 – ` 3.40 `7 p  ` p ` 7 – ` SCHOLASTIC=` Another way: p– p= p ` 7.95 – ` 3.40 ` 7.95 – ` 3.40 = ` ` 3 40 p Subtract ` 3 from ` 7.95. b) ` 16.80 – ` 11.15 = ` Then, subtract 40 p from the result. 2. Subtract mentally. Then, write the missing numbers. a) ` b) ` –`3 – 20 p – ` 21 – 55 p ` 7.65 – ` 3.20 ` ` 32.55 – ` 21.55 ` 3.2  Subtracting from 10 rupees Simran wants to buy a pencil that costs ` 10. She only has ` 4.25. How much more money does she need to buy the pencil? ` 10 ` 4.25 ? To find how much more money Simran needs, we need to find the amount of ` 4.25 + 75 p ` 5 + ` 5 ` 10 money that makes ` 10 with ` 4.25. ` 10 – ` 4.25 = ` 5.75 She needs ` 5.75 more to buy the pencil. © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 132

Exercise 9 1. How much more money is needed to make ` 10? a) ` 10 b) ` 10 ` 3.50 ` 1.85 3.3  Subtracting rupees and paise with regrouping a) Mike has ` 24.30. His sister has 80 p less than him. How much money does his sister have? SCHOLASTIC ` 24.30 ` 24.30 – 80 p = ` 23.50 ` 24.30 – 80 p His sister has ` 23.50. ` 23.30 ` 1 ` 1 – 80 p = 20 p ` 23.30 + 20 p = ` 23.50 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 133

b) Subtract ` 3.95 from ` 26.30. ` 23.30 – 95 p ` 22.30 ` 1 Method 1 First, subtract the rupees. Then, subtract the paise. ` 26.30 – ` 3 ` 23.30 – 95 p ` 22.35 ` 26.30 – ` 3.95 = ` 22.35 Method 2 `4 Subtracting ` 3.95 is the same as ` 3.95 5 p subtracting ` 4 and then adding 5 p. ` 3.95 and 5 p make ` 4. ` 26.30 – ` 4 ` 22.30 + 5 p ` 22.35 ` 26.30 – ` 3.95 = ` 22.35 SCHOLASTIC Exercise 10 p ` 5 – 35 p p ` 4 ` 1 1. Subtract. Subtract 35 p from ` 1. a) ` 5 – 35 p = ` b) ` 11 – 20 p = ` ` 1.20 – 40 p 20 p ` 1 2. Subtract. Subtract 40 p from ` 1. a) ` 1.20 – 40 p = b) ` 1.05 – 95 p = c) ` 2.35 – ` 1.80 p = ` d) ` 4.50 – ` 2.60 p = ` 3. Subtract mentally. Then, write the missing numbers. a) ` b) ` –`6 + 10 p – ` 25 + 15 p ` 17.60 – ` 5.90 ` ` 53.25 – ` 24.85 ` 134 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

3.4  Subtracting rupees and paise Subtract ` 17.85 from ` 41.50. We can write the subtraction this way. `4 1. 5 0 – `1 7. 8 5 1 Subtract the paise. ` 4  0 14 1 This is similar to subtracting the numbers 4150 and 1785 in this way: 1 .5 0 – `1 7. 8 5 SCHOLASTIC 4 0 14 10 ` .6 5 1 5 – 1785 65 2 Subtract the rupees. ` 3 10 . 14 1 Remember to align the dots. 4 1 5 0 – `1 7. 8 5 `2 3. 6 5 So, ` 41.50 – ` 17.85 = ` 23.65. To subtract amounts of money, work from right to left. We subtract the paise first, then subtract the rupees. Exercise 11 `1.8 5 b) 7 4 0 `7.4 0 – `0.6 0 –290 – `2.9 0 1. Subtract. a) 1 8 5 – 60 c) 1 9 5 0 ` 1 9 . 5 0 d) 2 6 6 5 `2 6.6 5 – 430 – `1 2.8 5 – ` 4.30 –1285 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 135

3.5  Solving 1-step word problems Mr Sharma had ` 58. He bought a pen and had ` 32.50 left. What was the cost of the pen? 1 Understand Mr Sharma had ` 58 at first. After buying the pen, he the problem. had ` 32.50 left. I have to find the cost of the pen. 2 Plan Draw a bar model to solve the problem. what to do. ` 58 3 Work out the ? ` 32.50 Answer. SCHOLASTIC ` 58 – ` 32  ` 26 – 5 0 p  ` 25.50 ` 25 ` 1 ` 58 – ` 32.50 = ` 25.50 The cost of the pen was ` 25.50. 4 Check ` 1 .5 0 if your answer is correct. 32 + ` 25 .5 0 ` 58 .0 0 My answer is correct. 1 . Understand 2 . Plan 3 . Answer 4 . Check 136 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

Exercise 12 Solve the word problems. Draw bar models to help you. 1 . Understand 2 . Plan 3 . Answer 4 . Check 1. Chetan bought a chocolate that cost ` 17.50. He gave the cashier ` 20. How much change did he receive? 2. A pencil costs ` 9.10. An eraser costs ` 3.50. How much cheaper is the eraser than the pencil? 3. Mrs Kumar had ` 95. She bought a diary for ` 56.90. How much money did she have left? SCHOLASTIC Practice 3 b) ` 9.20 – ` 3 = ` d) ` 34.80 – 25 p = ` 1. Subtract. f) ` 47.50 – ` 15.20 = ` a) ` 5.85 – ` 4 = ` c) ` 6.75 – 55 p = ` e) ` 8.95 – ` 2.60 = ` 2. Each group of items below has a total cost of `10. Find the missing cost. a) b)       and       and   ` 4.50 ` 2.50 ` 10 ` 10 ` 10 – ` 2.50 = ` ` 10 – ` 4.50 = ` © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 137

3. Subtract mentally. b) ` 35 – 90 p = ` p a) ` 2 – 50 p = ` d) ` 1.65 – 85 p = c) ` 47 – 65 p = ` f) ` 3.05 – ` 1.75 = ` e) ` 51.25 – 75 p = ` h) ` 5.90 – ` 2.85 = ` g) ` 18.10 – ` 6.45 = ` j) ` 73.45 – ` 26.80 = ` i) ` 42 – ` 7.95 = ` 4. Subtract. a) ` 2 3 . 8 5 b) ` 5 8 . 6 0 c) ` 4 1 . 8 0 – ` 2.40 – `1 3.2 0 – `1 7.1 5 SCHOLASTIC d) ` 5 4 . 2 5 e) ` 8 3 . 1 0 f) ` 9 2 . 0 0 – `2 9.6 5 – `4 6.4 5 – `6 8.7 5 5. A ball costs ` 70.75. Sheena has a 50-rupee note. How much more money does she need? 6. One kilogram of apples costs ` 81.50. One kilogram of oranges costs ` 42.75. How much cheaper is one kilogram of oranges as compared to one kilogram of apples? 7. Maria saved ` 83.05. She saved ` 24.65 more than Kim. How much did Kim save? I know how to s ubtract from 10 rupees subtract rupees and paise from an solve 1- step word problems involving amount of money subtraction of money s ubtract money up to 100 rupees 138 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

4  Word Problems 1. Seema spent ` 124.70 of her savings to buy flowers for her mother and ` 161.50 to buy a book for her father. She had ` 7.30 left. How much savings did she have at first? 1 Understand Seema spent ` 124.70 on the flowers. She spent the problem. ` 161.50 on the book. I have to find how much ­savings she had at first. 2 Plan Draw bar models to solve the problem. what to do. SCHOLASTIC 3 Work out the ` 124.70 ` 161.50 Answer. ? 1 ` 124.70 + ` 161.50 = ` 286.20 `1 2 4. 7 0 + `1 6 1. 5 0 The total cost of the flowers and the book is ` 286.20. `2 8 6. 2 0 ` 7.30 ` 286.20 ? ` 2 1 6. 2 0 ` 7.30 + ` 286.20 = ` 293.50 8 She had ` 293.50 at first. + ` 7. 3 0 `2 9 3. 5 0 4 Check ` 28913 . 5 0 if your answer – ` 2 86 .2 0 is correct. ` 7.30 My answer is correct. 1 . Understand 2 . Plan 3 . Answer 4 . Check © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 139

2. Zara bought 6 sandwiches. Each sandwich cost ` 91. She split the cost of the sandwiches equally with her friend. How much did Zara pay? ` 91 6 × ` 91 = ` 546 ? 91 ×6 The cost of 6 sandwiches is ` 546. 546 ` 564 ?SCHOLASTIC2 . Plan 3 . Answer 4 . Check ` 546 ÷ 2 = ` 273 Zara paid ` 273. 1 . Understand Exercise 13 Solve the word problems. Draw bar models to help you. 1 . Understand 2 . Plan 3 . Answer 4 . Check 1. Kaira spent ` 98 at the stationery shop to buy crayons and a colouring book. If the cost of the crayons was ` 47.50, what was the cost of the colouring book? 2. Tina saves a part of her pocket money every day. She saved ` 15.50 less on Monday than she saved on Tuesday. If Tina saved ` 45.75 on Tuesday, how much money did she save on Monday? How much did she save in all, on the two days? 3. Bella has ` 9.25. Mike has ` 2.70 less than Bella. How much money do they have altogether? 4. Anil saved ` 42 every day for a week. He put equal amounts of these savings in two money boxes. How much money is there in each money box at the end of the week? I know how to solve 2-step word problems involving multiplication and division of money solve 2-step word problems involving addition and subtraction of money 140 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

Chapter Review 1. Fill in the blanks. a) ` 0.90 = paise b) 26 rupees and 7 paise = paise c) ` = five thousand and five paise d) ` 5.50 = paise e) ` = two hundred paise f) ninety rupees and nine paise = paise 2. C ircle the most expensive item. Cross out the least expensive item. a) SCHOLASTIC ` 53.85         ` 54.70       ` 53.58 b) ` 610.01       ` 610.00       ` 61.00 c) ` 980.42       ` 908.89     ` 908.09 d) ` 8490       8490 p    ` 849.90 3. S tudents in a class saved money in their coin banks. Find the total amount in the following coin banks.      A       B       C      D      E      F ` 28.75 ` 5.50 ` 65.25 ` 107.50 ` 14.75 ` 12.50 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 141

a) Coin Bank B and Coin Bank E b) Coin Bank B and Coin Bank F c) Coin Bank A and Coin Bank E d) Coin Bank C and Coin Bank F e) Coin Bank A and Coin Bank C f) Coin Bank D and Coin Bank F g) Coin Bank B and Coin Bank D h) Coin Bank C and Coin Bank D 4. The prices of some items are given below. Fill in the blanks. SCHOLASTIC ball    balloon   book   washing powder flour     cooking oil ` 23.45  ` 7.50   ` 58.45  ` 96.25        ` 85.90        ` 90.10 a) If Mona gave a 10-rupee note for the balloon, she will get back ` as change. b) The price of the ball and is ` 81.90. c) Cooking oil is ` more expensive than flour. d) T he price difference between the flour and the book is ` . e) The ball is ` cheaper than the cooking oil. f) If Karan has the exact money to buy a balloon, he needs ` more to buy a ball. g) If Sheena gave a 500-rupee note for the washing powder, she will get back ` as change. h) The price difference between the most expensive item and the least expensive item is ` . 5. After spending ` 75.85, Misha had ` 23.80 left. How much money did Misha have at first? 142 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

6. A cricket ball costs ` 45.50. A rubber ball costs ` 17.75. Which is more expensive and by how much? 7. M eena’s grandmother gave her ` 51 on her birthday. She bought a doll for ` 99.50 after adding some money from her savings. How much of the savings did Meena use to buy the doll? 8. A pack of 6 colour pens costs ` 65. Kabir got it at a discount of ` 5. What is the cost of each colour pen in the pack after discount? 9. Sheena saved ` 54.70. Rohit saved ` 9.25 more than Sheena. Teesha saved ` 15.75 less than the amount Sheena and Rohit saved together. How much money did Teesha save? SCHOLASTIC 10. D ivya bought a pack of biscuits for ` 14.50 and a bottle of juice for ` 15.25. She paid for them using a 50-rupee note and received ` 5.25 as change. Did the shopkeeper return the correct amount to Divya? Justify your answer. Maths Lab Activity  Finding the total amount Work in pairs. Select any 4 items. Make sure to choose items with marked prices. Decide with your partner, how many pieces of each item you want to buy. Calculate the total amount you have to pay by making a bill. For example, Item Quantity Cost per item (`) Total cost (`) Pencil 2 7 14 Eraser 1 5 Storybook 2 49 Total amount © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 143

10 Fractions TO Let’s Revise 1. Circle the shapes that are divided into equal parts. a) b) c) d) 2. Tick the shapes that are not divided into equal parts. SCHOLASTIC a) b) c) d) 3. Circle the figures that show one-half. d) a) b) c) 4. Each shape is made up of equal parts. Colour one quarter of each shape. a) b) c) d) 144 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

1 22 2 ? 3 44 3456 1 1  Halves and Quarters 1.1  Using fractions to describe halves and quarters a) This is a whole pizza. Cut it into 2 equal parts. Each part is a half.SCHOLASTIC We write a half as 1  . We read 1 as ‘one-half’. 2 2 b) 1 of the figure is shaded. 2 1 is 1 out of 2 equal parts. 2 c) This is a whole loaf. Cut it into 4 equal parts. Each part is a quarter. We write a quarter as 1  . We read 1 as ‘one-quarter’ 4 4 or ‘one-fourth’. d) 1 of the figure is shaded. 4 1 is 1 out of 4 equal parts. 4 1 and 1 are fractions. 2 4 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 145

Exercise 1 1. Circle the figures that show 1 . 2 a) b) c) d) c) d) 2. Circle the figures that show 1 . 4 a) b) Practice 1SCHOLASTIC The figures are divided into equal parts. 1. Colour to show 12. 2. Colour to show 1 . 4 3. Write the fraction for each figure that is shaded. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) I know how to recognise the fractions 1 and 1 2 4 146 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

2  Fractions of a Whole 2.1  Recognising and naming unit fractions a) 1 out of the 3 equal parts is shaded. 1 3 of the figure is shaded. b) 1 out of the 6 equal parts is shaded. 1 6 of the figure is shaded. FractionSCHOLASTICRead as Fraction Read as 1 one-half 1 one-seventh 2 7 1 one-third 1 one-eighth 3 8 one-quarter 1 one-ninth 1 or 9 4 one-fourth 1 one-tenth 10 1 5 one-fifth 1 one-eleventh 11 1 6 one-sixth 1 one-twelfth 12 These are unit fractions. Exercise 2 1. Write the fraction of each figure that is shaded. a) 1 out of the 5 equal b) 1 out of the 8 equal parts is shaded. parts is shaded. © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 147

c) 1 out of the 9 equal d) 1 out of the 10 equal parts is shaded. parts is shaded. 2.2  Recognising and naming other fractions a) 2 out of the 5 equal parts are shaded. 2 SCHOLASTIC5of the figure is shaded. b) 5 out of the 6 equal parts are shaded. 5 6 of the figure is shaded. To write a fraction, count the number of equal parts that are shaded and the total number of equal parts. Exercise 3 1. Write the fraction for each figure that is shaded. a) The figure is divided into 8 equal parts. 5 out of the 8 equal parts are shaded. of the figure is shaded. b) The figure is divided into 7 equal parts. 3 out of the 7 equal parts are shaded. of the figure is shaded. 148 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

2. Look at the figures. Then, fill in the blanks. a) 4 of the figure is shaded. 5 4 is out of 5 equal parts. b) 5 of the figure is shaded. 8 5 is out of 8 equal parts. 2.3  Naming parts of a fractionSCHOLASTIC 2 of the rectangle is shaded. 5 In the fraction 2 , 2 is the numerator and 5 is the denominator. 5 Numerator Number of equal parts being used in a whole Denominator Total number of equal parts in a whole Exercise 4 1. Write the numerator or denominator of each fraction. a) In 3 , the numerator is . 4 b) In 152, the numerator is . c) In 110, the denominator is . 2. Write the numerator of each fraction. a) 47 b) 81 c) 161 3. Write the denominator of each fraction. a) 32 b) 75 c) 1121 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 149

2.4  Making a whole Tim cuts a cake into 8 equal parts. He gives 5 parts to his friends. He has 3 parts left. given away left Tim gives away 5 of the cake. 8 He has 3 of the cake left. 8 5 and 3 makeSCHOLASTIC1whole. 8 8 Exercise 5 1. Look at the fraction bar. Then, fill in the blanks. a) The fraction bar is divided into equal parts. b) parts are shaded. c) of the bar is shaded. d) of the bar is not shaded. e) and make 1 whole. 2. Look at the fraction bars. Then, fill in the blanks. a) 4 and make 1 whole. 7 b) 161 and make 1 whole. 150 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

Practice 2 1. Write the fraction of each figure that is shaded. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) SCHOLASTIC 2. Colour to show each given fraction. a) 1 b) 1 34           c) 55 d) 78      3. Write the numerator and the denominator for each of the following. Fraction Numerator Denominator a) 1 2 b) 8 9 c) 7 10 d) 11 12 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 151

4. Look at the figures. Then, fill in the blanks. a) 1 1 11  b) 1 1 1 1 1111 8888 1 55 1 1 55 1 8888 1 111 5 5 5 5 8 888 1 1 1111 5 5 8888 make 1 whole. 4 and make 1 whole. 5 and 5 8 c) 1 1 1 11 1  d) 1 1 1 11 1 16 16 16 17 17 1 71 16 1616 66 6 17 17 17 1 777 7 666 7 77 7 4SCHOLASTICand make 1 whole. 5 and make 1 whole. 6 7 I know how to recognise and name unit fractions up to 1 recognise and name fractions of a whole 12 divided into equal parts make a whole with two fractions identify the numerator and the denominator of a fraction 3  Fractions of a Collection 3.1  Fractions of a collection a) There are 7 balloons. 3 out of the 7 balloons are red. 3 of the balloons are red. 3 out of 7 is 37. 7 152 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0

b) There are 4 groups of jars. 3 out of the 4 groups of jars have jam. 3 of the jars have jam. 4 1 out of the 4 groups of jars has peanut butter. 1 of theSCHOLASTICjarshavepeanutbutter. 4 Exercise 6 1. Fill in the blanks. a) There are pencils. pencils are green. of the of the pencils are green. b) There are equal groups of boxes. groups have blue boxes. of the of the boxes are blue. © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0 153

3.2  Finding fractions of a collection a) Find the value of 1 of 8. 2 Divide 8 into 2 equal groups. 1 One group is 2 of 8. 1 of 8 = 4 2 b) Find the value of 1 of 15. SCHOLASTIC 3 Divide 15 into 3 equal groups. 1 One group is 3 of 15. 1 of 15 = 5 3 c) Find the value of 1 of 20. 4 Divide 20 into 4 equal groups. 1 One group is 4 of 20. 1 of 20 = 5 4 154 © 2019 Scholastic Education International (S) Pte Ltd ISBN 978-93-52750-16-0