Laura Bobadilla's Body Systems Flipbook

Body Systems Flipbook By: Laura Bobadilla MHS 4A

The Integumentary System The Function: protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and mobility. - derm/o, dermat/o- skin - kerat/o- horny Vocabulary: (10) - xer/o- dryness - xanth/o- yellow/yellowish - Keratin- a fibrous protein that is the primary - erythr/o- red component of the epidermis, hair, and nails. - pedicu/o- - onych/o- nail - Electrodesiccation- a technique which destroys tissue by - myc/o- fungus - pil/o- hair burning it with an electric spark. - lip/o- fat - Skin graft- when a portion of the skin is implanted to - rhytid/o- wrinkle - albin/o- white cover another area where the skin has been lost. - cyst- is a closed pouch under the skin that contains a fluid or a semisolid substance. - Scar tissue- skin that is replaced by collagen fibers that do not contain any accessory organs that the layers of the skin normally contain. - Melanin- A pigment that gives the skin its color - Callus- A thickened portion of the skin - Sweat glands- Gland that produces a watery liquid. Responsible for heat regulation. - Arrector pili muscle- Muscle responsible for \"goosebumps\" - Moles- an excessive growth of melanocytes

Integumentary System continued... Healthcare careers:(2) diseases/disorders:(4) - Dermatologist- a medical practitioner qualified to diagnose and treat skin disorders. - Alopecia is the lack of hair due to conditions such as normal aging, skin disorders, anticancer medications, - Esthetician- provides services focused on skin care or endocrine disorders. including, but not limited to, skin treatments, facials, makeup application and hair removal. - Herpes Simplex- an infection that is caused by the herpes simplex virus that affects the skin and nervous Labeled System: system. - Psoriasis- a skin disorder that is chronic and is characterized by red patchy areas that is also covered by a dry silvery scale. - Vitiligo is a skin disease of unknown cause that is benign and characterized by irregular patches of skin that lack pigment.

Musculoskeletal System The Function: body support, facilitation of movement, - my/o- muscle protection of internal organs, storage of minerals and - myel/o- bone marrow fat, and hematopoiesis. - oste/o- bone - cost/o- rib Vocabulary:(10) - crani/o- skull - -pexy- fixation; to put in place - Bone- a connective tissue that is dense, hard and - chondr/o- cartillage makes up the framework of the human skeleton. - arthr/o- joints - -plegia- pain - Diaphysis- the straight shaft of a long bone. - kinesi/o- movement - Ligament- a flexible band of fibrous tissue that holds joints together and still allow for them to be movable connecting bones together. - synovial fluid- a lubricating fluid which reduces the friction between the two bones where the joint is formed. - Trabecula- a fibrous cord of connective tissue which form an irregular meshwork of supportive fibers. - Sarcolemma- a membrane that covers smooth, striated, and cardiac muscle fibers. - Plantar flexion- when the toes are pointed. - Prosthesis- the replacement of a missing body part such as a limb or joint using an artificial part. - Calcium- one of the mineral constituents of bone - Phosphorus- mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

Musculoskeletal System continued... diseases/disorders:(4) Healthcare careers:(2) - Scoliosis- an abnormal condition of the vertebral - Physical Therapist- evaluate and record a patient's column in which there is a lateral curvature of the progress. spine. - Orthopedist- a physician who corrects congenital or - Myopathy- an abnormal condition of the skeletal functional abnormalities of the bones with surgery, muscle characterized by muscle weakness and casting, and bracing. muscle wasting. Labeled System: - Muscular Dystrophy- a genetically transmitted disease resulting from a mutation of the gene that makes the protein dystrophin that results in progressive atrophy of symmetric groups of skeletal muscles. - Lordosis- an abnormal condition of the vertebral column in which there is an increase in concavity in the lumbar spine.

Nervous System Vocabulary:(10) - neur/o- nerve - Acetylcholine- the first neurotransmitter identified - encephal/o- head - Neuron- Cells that carry information through your - myel/o- spinal cord; bone marrow - ambul/o- to walk nervous system. - -esthesia- nervous sensation - Cerebrum- The largest part of the brain that controls - mening/o- meninges - psych/o- mind thinking, communicating and learning. - concuss/o- shaken together, violently - Sensory Neuron- Type of neuron that picks up stimuli agitated from the internal or external environment through sensory organs. The Function: receiving information about - Somatic Nervous System- Division of the nervous the environment around us (sensation) and system that controls voluntary actions generating responses to that information - Interneuron- Type of neuron that interprets a nerve (motor responses) impulse and creates a response for it. (brain & spinal cord) - Afferent- carries messages TOWARD the brain and spinal cord - Blood-brain barrier- protective separation between the blood and brain cells. Makes it difficult for substances to penetrate the capillary walls and enter the brain - Synapse- Space that separates the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of the neighboring neuron. - Cauda equina- collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

Nervous System continued... diseases/disorders:(4) Labeled System: - Parkinsons Disease- Parkinson’s disease results from damage to nerve cells in the brain, which impacts the smooth control of muscles and movement. - Alzheimer's disease- affects brain function, memory and behaviour. - Epilepsy- a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring seizures. - Shingles- Acute inflammation of nerve cells by herpes virus which also causes chickenpox. Healthcare careers:(2) - Neurologist- a specialist in the anatomy, functions, and organic disorders of nerves and the nervous system. - Psychiatrist- a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.

Special Senses The Function: to detect environmental stimuli and - irid/o- iris transduce their energy into electrical impulses. - -cusis- hearing - -opia- vision condition Vocabulary:(10) - ot/o- ear - tympan/o-tympanic membrane; middle ear - Tarsal Glands- modified sebaceous glands associated - opthalm/o- eye - -metry- process of measuring with the eyelid edges - Sclera- protective part of the fibrous layer - Gustatory Cells- Chemoreceptor for taste in which 50 to 125 form a grape like taste bud - Hyperopia- Farsightedness - Myopia- nearsightedness - Refraction- light rays being bent when it switches mediums - Meissner's Corpuscle- Touch receptor invloved in fine touch discrimination - Pupil- rounded opening of the iris that allows light through - Pitch- The frequency or number of sound waves that occur during a specific amount of time. - circadian rhythm- internal perception of the daily cycle of light and dark based on retinal activity related to sunlight - Equilibrium- sense of balance that includes sensations of position and movement of the head

Special Senses continued... diseases/disorders:(4) - Conduction deafness:Hearing loss associated with Labeled System: or resulting from interference with the transmission of sound waves to the organ of corti - Meniere's Disease: An inner ear disorder that affects balance and hearing - Ageusia: The loss of taste functions of the tongue - Retinoblastoma: A rare cancerous tumor of the retina Healthcare careers:(2) - Ophthalmologist- a person who studies and diagnoses the eye - Optometrist- a person that practices and examines the eyes

Cardiovascular System The Function: maintain blood flow to all parts of the body, to allow it to survive. - cardi/o- heart - angi/o- vessel (blood) Vocabulary:(10) - hem/o, hemat/o- blood - Brady- slow - Aorta- The largest artery in the body and the main - Tachy- fast vessel to supply blood from the heart. - thromb/o- clot - -emia- blood condition - Cardiology- the study of the disorders of the heart - erythr/o- red - Electrophysiologist- a person who works with the - leuk/o- white - arteri/o- artery body’s electrical and biological functions. - Electrocardiograph- used to record the electrical activity of the heart. - Systolic- the pressure created when the ventricles contract. - Endarterectomy- the surgical removal of the intimal lining of an artery. - Thoracentesis- the perforation of the chest wall or pleural space with a needle to aspirate fluid. - Cardiac output- the amount of blood ejected by the heart with each heartbeat - A capillary- one of the microscopic blood vessels. - Pericardium- is the thin sac that surrounds the heart.

Cardiovascular System continued... diseases/disorders:(4) Labeled System: - Atherosclerosis- the build-up of fatty plaque or cholesterol in the lining of the arteries - Arrhythmia- an irregular heart rhythm - Cardiac arrest- a sudden stoppage of cardiac circulation and cardiac output. - Cardiomyopathy- a disease of the myocardium causing enlargement. Healthcare careers:(2) - Invasive Cardiologist- A cardiologist that open or minimally-invasive surgery to identify or treat structural or electrical abnormalities within the heart structure - Electrophysiologist cardiologist- a healthcare provider who treats heart rhythm problems

Respiratory System The Function: helps your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work. It also cleans waste - bronch/o- bronchial tube gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood - cyan/o- blue - laryng/o- larynx Vocabulary:(10) - -oxia- oxygen - Oxy- soft; sharp; acid - Pulmonary- pertaining to the pulmonary and respiratory - pleur/o- pleura system - pneum/o- lung; air ;gas - pulmon/o- lung - Pleura- serous membrane that encompasses the lungs - thorac/o- chest - Lobe- a rounded projection of any structure like the lung - trache/o- trachea (windpipe) - Larynx- organ of voice - Bronchioles- airways that extend from the bronchi - Pulmonary angiography- the examination of the blood vessels in the lungs - Oximetry- a method for measuring the oxygen saturation of arterial blood - Endotracheal intubation- A type of intubation in which a catheter is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea for airway management - Thorax- the upper part of the chest containing the organs of respiration - Surfactant- a lipoprotein that reduces the surface tension in the alveoli and keeps the alveoli open

Respiratory System continued... diseases/disorders:(4) Labeled System: - Asthma- A respiratory condition caused by constriction of the bronchi causing wheezing coughing and thick bronchial secretions. - Bronchitis- Inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection - Emphysema- Over-inflation or destruction of the alveolar wall causing decreased elasticity and decreased gas exchange - Hypoxia- inadequate oxygen in the body Healthcare careers:(2) - Pulmonologist- someone who studies the lungs - Respiratory Therapist- certified medical professionals who treat problems with your lungs or breathing.

Digestive System The Function: responsible for taking whole foods and turning them into energy and nutrients to allow the body to function, - cholecyst/o- gallbladder grow, and repair itself - enter/o- intestines - col/o, colon/o- colon (large intestine) Vocabulary:(10) - hepat/o- liver - gastr/o- stomach - small intestine- the longest part of the alimentary canal - or/o- mouth - Amylase- any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic - -pepsia- digestion - chil/e- juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar - proct/o- anus and rectum - Pepsin- an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones - Mechanical digestion- the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces - Chemical digestion- the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks - Peristalsis- rhythmic muscular contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach - Stomach- muscular sac that churns food and secretes hydrochloric acid to start breaking down proteins - insulin-a hormone produced by the pancreas and released in response to high blood glucose following a meal. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels. - Bile- a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles - Glucagon- raises blood glucose levels

Digestive System continued... diseases/disorders:(4) Labeled System: - Achlorydria- Absence of hydrochloric acid - Hematemesis- vomiting blood - IBS- Irritable bowel syndrome - Appendicitis- Inflammation of the appendix Healthcare careers:(2) - Gastroenterologist- a medical practitioner qualified to diagnose and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines. - Proctologist- a person specializing in the colon, rectum and anus

Urinary System The Function: filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product - -cele- hernia Vocabulary:(10) - -lysis- breakdown of - cyst/o- urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid - Erythropoietin- Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the - nephr/o- kidney production of red blood cells by bone marrow. - ren/o- kidney - -uria- urination; condition of urine - Filtration- process whereby some substances, but not all, pass - -pexy- fixation; to put in place through a filter. In the kidney, blood pressure forces materials - -ectasis- dictation; dilatation; widening through the filter - pyel/o- renal pelvis - Nitrogenous waste- substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. - Reabsorption- process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream - Urination- process of expelling urine; also called micturition - Nephron- combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney - Afferent arteriole- The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus. - Efferent arteriole- The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus. - Glomerulus- small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place - Podocytes- A cell with branching tentacle-shaped extensions that constitutes the barrier through which blood is filtered in the glomerulus of the kidney.

Urinary system continued… diseases/disorders:(4) Labeled System: - Nephritis- an inflammation of the kidney - Renal Calculi- high concentrations of solutes in urine trigger crystalization in renal pelvis. - Nocturia- getting up and peeing frequently at night - Urethritis- inflammation of the urethra Healthcare careers:(2) - Urologist- a person that specializes in the functions and disorders of the Urinary System - Nephrologist- a person who study the kidneys and any diseases that affect them

Reproductive system The Function: To produce egg and sperm cells. To transport and sustain these cells. To nurture the - cervic/o- neck; cervix (neck of the uterus) developing offspring. - salping/o- fallopian tube; auditory Vocabulary:(10) (eustachian) tube - ov/o- egg - Cervix- the opening to the uterus - orchid/o- testis - Epididymis- structure in the male reproductive system in - oophor/o- ovary - men/o- menses; menstruation which sperm fully mature and are stored - mamm/o- breast - Fertilization- process in sexual reproduction in which male - gynec/o- women; female - colp/o- vagina and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell - prostat/o- prostate gland - Gamete- specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction - Hysterectomy- surgical removal of the uterus - Infertility- the inability to reproduce - Menopause- the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends - Menstruation- the shedding of the uterine lining - Progesterone- A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle. - Prostate gland- exocrine gland, in men, at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation

Reproductive System continued... diseases/disorders:(4) - Endometriosis- when the kind of tissue that normally Labeled System: lines the uterus grows somewhere else - Hypospadias- A condition in which the opening of the penis is on the underside rather than the tip. - Erectile dysfunction- when a man can't get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome- when a woman’s ovaries or adrenal glands produce more male hormones than normal Healthcare careers:(2) - Gynecologist- a person who specializes in the female reproductive system - Obstetrician- a person who specializes in the delivering and medical cares of newborn babies

Sources: - My medical terminology notes - https://www.teachstarter.com/vocabulary-list/digestive-system-vocabulary/ - https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/qa/what-is-the-circulatory-system - https://nursecepts.com/medical-terminology-of-the-integumentary-system/ - https://nursecepts.com/medical-terminology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/ - https://quizlet.com/44032945/male-reproductive-system-partsfunctions-flash-c ards/