BodySystems

Body SystemsTable of contentsBody SystemsIntegumentary Function Key terms Vocabulary Diseases CareersMusculoskeletal Function Key terms Vocab Diseases CareersCardiovascular Function Key terms Vocab Diseases CareersRespiratory Function Key terms Vocab Diseases CareersNervous Function Key terms Vocab 1

Diseases CareersSpecial senses Functions Key terms Vocab Diseases CareersDigestive Function Key terms Vocabulary Disease CareersUrinary Function Key terms Vocab Diseases CareersReproductive Function Key terms Vocab Diseases Careers Bibliography 2

IntegumentaryFunctionprotects from ultraviolet rays and pathogens, sense pain, temperature, and touch,regulates body temperature, store fat, sugar, fat, and water, excrete salt and excesswater, and produces vitamin DKey terms ● derm/o, dermat/o - skin ● kerat/o - hard ● xer/o- dry ● xanth/o- yellow ● erythr/o- red ● pedicu/o- feet ● onych/o- nail ● myc/o- fungus ● pil/o- hair ● lip/o- fat ● rhytid/o- wrinkle ● albin/o- whiteVocabulary 1. Collagen-flexible material in the skin 2. Papule- small raised lesion 3. Epidermis- the top layer of the skin 4. Dermis- the layer with the sweat glands, hair follicle, nerve fibers, and capillary 5. Abrasion- the rubbing off of skin 6. Mast cells- responds to injury, releases heparin and histamines 7. Heparin- anticoagulant released when the skin is injured 8. Histamine- responds to allergies, causes itching and increased mucus flow 9. Macule- flat discolored lesion 10. Subcutaneous layer- contain all the adipose tissue 3

Diseases 1. Lipoma- skin cancer 2. Gangrene- tissue necrosis 3. Keloid-abnormally raised scar 4. Keratosis- abnormal hardening of the skinCareers 1. Dermatologist- diagnoses and treats skin disorders 2. Cosmetic surgeon- known as plastic surgeon, they restore or rebuild the skin or other parts of the body.Musculoskeletal 4

FunctionProvide movement and support for the bodyKey terms ● my/o- muscle ● myel/o- bone marrow spinal cord ● oste/o- bone ● cost/o- ribs ● crani/o- skull ● -pexy- surgical fixation ● chondr/o- cartilage ● arthr/o- joint ● -plegia- paralysis ● kinesi/o- movementVocab 1. Ligaments- attaches bone to bone to hold it together 2. Tendons- attaches bone to muscle to help provide structure 3. Bone marrow- produces blood and stores fat (red or yellow) 4. Smooth muscle- are the involuntary muscles like the heart or stomach 5. Striated muscle- allows for voluntary movement 6. Flexion- decreasing the angle between 2 angles 7. Extension- increasing the angle between 2 joints 8. Rotation- circular movement around an axis 9. Adduction- movement toward the midline of the body 10. Abduction- movement away from the midlineDiseases 1. Arthritis- inflammation of the joints 2. Osteoporosis- loss of bone density 3. Myorrhexis- rupture of a muscle 5

4. Osteosclerosis- hardening of the boneCareers 1. Chiropractors- deal with realigning bone and treat neuromuscular disorders 2. Orthopedics- deal with diagnosing and treating. Muscular and skeletal disorders 6

CardiovascularFunctionThe function is to deliver oxygen and nutrients throughout the bodyKey terms ● cardi/o- heart ● angi/o- blood vessel ● hem/o- hemat/o blood ● brady- slow ● tachy- fast ● thromb/o- clot ● -emia- something in the blood ● leuk/o- white ● erythr/o- red ● arteri/o- artery 7

Vocab 1. Aorta- largest artery in the body 2. Vena cava- are the entrances into the heart that leads to the right atrium 3. Left/right atrium- are the chambers that the blood is pumped into, either from the body (right atrium) or the lungs (left atrium) 4. Left/right ventricles- pump blood outside of the heart either to the lung (right ventricle) or body (left ventricle) 5. Pulmonary artery- is the artery that carries blood to the lung so the blood can receive oxygen 6. Pulmonary vein- is the vein that carries the blood to the left atrium after it has received oxygen 7. Sinoatrial node- tells the heart how to pump by sending electrical impulses 8. Pericardium- is the membrane that surrounds the heart 9. Internal septum- separates the left and right side of the heart 10. Veins- carry blood to the heart 11. Arteries- carry blood away from the heartDiseases 1. Myocardial infarction- is a heart attack 2. Tachycardia- is an abnormally fast heart rate 3. Bradycardia- is an abnormally slow heart rate 4. Anemia- is an abnormally low blood countCareers 1. Cardiologist- treats and diagnoses problem with the heart 2. Cardiac surgeon- perform heart surgeries 8

RespiratoryFunctionTo deliver oxygen to the blood and to expel carbon dioxideKey terms ● bronch/o- bronchus ● cyan/o- blue ● laryng/o- larynx ● -oxia- condition of oxygenation ● oxy- sharp ● pleur/o- pleura ● pneum/o- lung ● pulmon/o- lung ● thorac/o- thorax 9

● trache/o- tracheaVocab 1. Larynx- (voice box) between the pharynx and the trachea 2. Pharynx- helps separate the food and any other unwanted items from getting into the lungs 3. Trachea- is the windpipe 4. Bronchi- are two branches that divide into bronchioles 5. Bronchioles- are the smallest branches of the bronchi that lead to the alveoli 6. Alveoli- is where the blood goes to exchange CO2 for oxygen 7. Pleura- is the membrane that surrounds the heart. 8. Diaphragm- is the muscle that stretches so that the lung can inhale or exhale 9. Epiglottis- are the flaps that separate the trachea and the esophagus 10. Vocal cords- separate during breathing to allow air to get inDiseases 1. Emphysema- is the expansion of the alveoli that causes constant coughing. Usually caused by smoking 2. Pneumonia- is the buildup of fluid in the lung 3. Tuberculosis- bacteria that attacks the lung. Many people are asymptomatic 4. Asthma- is the difficulty breathing when exercising, or having your allergies act up, or triggering when there is somebody smokingCareers 1. Pulmonologist- deal with treating and diagnosing problems with the lungs 2. Respiratory therapist- assist those that have difficulty breathing and help them recover 10

NervousFunctionTo deliver messages to control the body and to feel temperature or pain.VocabKey terms ● neur/o- neuron ● encephal/o- brain ● myel/o- spinal cord ● ambu/o- breathing ● -esthesia- feeling ● mening/o- meninges ● psych/o- mind ● concuss/o- shakingVocab 1. Axon- conducts electrical impulses 2. Dendrites- receive electrical impulses 11

3. Brain- the control center of the body. 4. Spinal cord- helps conduct messages across the body 5. Nerves- fibers that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body 6. Prefrontal cortex- controls mood, decision making and problem solving 7. Lobotomy- involve the surgical incision 8. Anaesthesia- a drug that reduces pain 9. Synapses- are gaps between nerves that transmits impulses 10. Brain stem- connects the brain to the spinal cordDiseases 1. Parkinsona- the uncontrollable shaking of the body 2. Alzheimer's- characterized by short term memory loss 3. CTE (chronic traumatic encephalopathy)-is caused by continuous trauma to the brain causing the brain to increase and degenerate.commonly found in football players 4. Amnesia- is forgetting all or most of your memory likely due to head traumaCareersNeurologist- specialized in treatment on the nervous systemNeuro surgeon- perform surgeries dealing with the brain, spinal cord and nerves 12

Special sensesFunctionsTo allow the person to see and hearKey terms ● irid/o- iris ● -cusis- hearing ● -iopia- vision ● ot/o- ear 13

● tympan/o- eardrum ● opthalm/o- eye ● -metry- process of measuringVocab 1. Cornea- provides optical power for the eye 2. Choroid- is the opaque middle part of the eye that light can't pass through 3. Retina- is the part that receives light and transforms that into electrical impulses to send to the brain 4. Pupila- is the black part of the eye that allows light to pass through to the retina 5. Iris- is the pigmented part of the eye that surrounds the pupil 6. Pinna- external structure of the ear that catches sound 7. External auditory canal- transmits sound waves from the pinna to the middle ear 8. Cerumen- is earwax 9. Cochlea- is the spiral tube that comes from the oval window 10. Inner ear- contains all the sensory receptorsDiseases 1. Cataracts- is the hazing of the lens 2. Astigmatism- is the eye's inability to focus because of the deformed shape of the cornea 3. Deafness- is the partial or complete loss of hearing in one or both ears 4. Tinnitus- is the ringing, buzzing, or roaring in the ear. Usually occurs after someone is exposed to an extremely loud noises without protection.Careers 1. Audiologist- provide care, treatment, diagnosing, and prescribing treatment to those that have hearing problems 2. Orientation- and mobility instructors assist the visually impaired with how to move safely in the environment 14

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DigestiveFunctionto break down food for nutrientsKey terms ● cholecyst/o- gallbladder ● enter/o -small intestine ● col/o, colon/o- colon ● hepat/o- liver ● gastr/o- stomach ● or/o- mouth ● -pepsia- digestion ● chol/e- bile ● proct/o- anus and rectumVocabulary 1. Mouth- starting point, break the food into smaller pieces so the stomach can digest easier 2. Tongue- moves the food around during chewing 3. Teeth- break the food down by crushing it 4. Esophagus- lead from the mouth to the stomach 5. Stomach- breaks down the food with acid so the small intestines can absorb the food better 6. Small intestine- absorbs nutrients 7. Large intestine- absorbs any extra water and lead to the rectum 8. Rectum/ anus- holds waste until it is ready to be pushed out 9. Liver- removes excess fluid, produces bilirubin, excretes bile and remove old red blood cells. 10. Gallbladder- stores bile for later use 16

Disease 1. Crohn's disease- causes inflammation along the digestive tract and can cause diarrhea 2. Constipation- can be infrequent passing of stool 3. Appendicitis- is the inflammation of the appendix, requires surgical removal 4. Hepatitis- is inflammation of the liverCareers 1. Dietitian- assess nutritional status and help by recommending diets 2. Hepatologist- help diagnose and treat problems with the liver 17

UrinaryFunctionto excrete any excess water and waste that was filtered from the bloodKey terms ● cele hernia ● -lysis breakdown ● cyst/o bladder ● nephr/o kidney ● ren/o kidney ● -uria condition of urine ● -pexy fixation ● -ectasis dilation ● pyel/o renal pelvisVocab 1. Bladder stores waste until it is ready to be excreted 2. Kidney filters waste from the blood 3. Ureter carries waste to the bladder 4. Urethra is where the waste comes out of 5. Nephrons are small tubes in the kidney that filters the blood 6. Medulla is the inner part of the kidney 7. Renal pelvis is surrounded by the kidney 8. Cortex is the outer part of the kidney 9. Meatus is the external opening of the urethra 10. Urethral sphincter is the muscle that controls the flow of waste from the bladderDiseases 1. Ureimia is the excess of urea in the blood 2. Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the bladder or ureter 3. Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidney 4. Acute renal failure is the sudden onset of kidney failure 18

Careers 1. Nephrologist specializes in diagnosing and treating problems with the liver 2. Urologist diagnose and treat problems with the urinary system ReproductiveFunctionTo procreate and reproduceKey terms ● cervic/o- cervixsalping/o- fallopian tubeov/o- ovaryorchid/o- testesoophor/o- ovarymen/o- menstruationmamm/o- breastgynec/o- female 19

colp/o- vaginaprostat/o- prostateVocab 1. Vagina- female reproductive organ 2. Penis- male reproductive organ 3. Ovary- contain s the ova 4. Testes- produce sperm 5. Scrotum- protects and supports testis 6. Fallopian- tube carries the ova to the uterus 7. Vasectomy- is cutting a portion of the vas deferens to sterilize the male 8. Circumcision- is removal of the foreskin 9. Mammary gland- produce milk 10. Castration- is removal of the testesDiseases 1. Gonorrhea- is a STD that causes painful urination 2. Herpes- causes itching or lesions with the appearance of cold sores 3. HIV- affects the immune system but can be sexually transmitted 4. Testitis- in inflammation of the testesCareers 1. Gynecologist- treat and diagnoses problems with the female reproductive system 2. Pediatrician- treat, diagnoses, and prevent disorders in children 20

Bibliography Ehrlich, Ann, and Carol L Schroeder. “Introduction to Medical Terminology.” ​Google Books, Cenage Learning, 1 Jan. 4ADAD,books.google.com/books/about/introduction_to_medical_terminology.html?id=ggincomz s7uc. Hoffman, Matthew. “Skin.” ​Web Md, Web Md, 21

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