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Body systems

Published by Anesu.mupanda.097, 2016-11-05 02:14:17

Description: the human body and its systems with duties of it function to medical professions that associate with each function

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Body systems

Table of ContentsIntegumentary systems Key terms System Research Diseases/Abnormal Conditions Health Careers Associated Plastic surgeonsMusculoskeletal Systems KEY TERMS Systems Research Diseases/Abnormal Conditions Health Careers AssociatedNervous Systems Network of nerve cells and fibers that transmitsnerve impulses between parts of the body. Key terms: System Research Diseases/Abnormal Conditions Health Careers AssociatedSpecial Senses - The senses that have specialized organs devoted to them: vision (the eye)hearing and balance (the ear, which includes the auditory system and vestibular system) smell(the nose) taste (the tongue) Key Terms System Research Diseases/Abnormal Conditions Health Careers AssociatedRespiratory Systems: A series of organs whose job is to take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Key terms: System Research: Diseases/Abnormal Conditions: Health Careers Associated:Cardiovascular - Organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen,carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to providenourishment Key terms

System ResearchDiseases/Abnormal Conditions:Health Careers Associated:Work citedDigestive:A group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed theentire body. Key terms System Research: Diseases/Abnormal Conditions: Health Careers Associated: Work citedUrinary System - Group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluid and othersubstances from the bloodstream. Key terms System Research Diseases/Abnormal Conditions: Health Careers Associated:Reproductive system: System of sex organs within an organism which worktogether for the purpose of sexual reproduction.Key termsSystem Research:Diseases/Abnormal Conditions:Health Careers AssociatedWork cited

Integumentary systems Consists of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Its mainfunction is to act as a barrier to protect the body from theoutside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protectagainst disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate bodytemperature. Key terms ● Derm/o, Dermat/o - Skin ● Kerat/o - The cornea ● Xer/o - Dry ● Xanth/o - Yellow ● Erythr/o - Red ● pedicu/o - Louse ● onych/o - Nail of fingers or toes ● myc/o - Fungus ● pil/o - Hair ● lip/o - Fat Lipid ● rhytid/o - Wrinkle ● albin/o - White System Research ● Alopecia - H​ air loss; can result from the normal aging process or be drug- or illness-induced. ● Bulla - L​ arge vesicle or blister. ● Cicatrix - ​Scar left by a healed wound.

● Comedo - C​ ommon blackhead caused by a buildup of sebum and keratin in a skin pore. ● Cyst - S​ mall sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid fluid. ● Ecchymosis - P​ urplish macular bruise, hemorrhaging into the skin. ● Fissure - ​Groove or crack-like sore​. ● Keloid - A​ bnormally raised, thickened scar. ● Pacule - A​ discolored lesion that lies flush with the skin (freckles, tattoo marks, and moles) . ● Papule - S​ olid elevation of the skin. Diseases/Abnormal Conditions ● Skin Cancer: ○ Basal cell carcinoma ​- Over 2 million cases in the USA can either skin color or has a slight pearl color. Rarely spread to other parts of the body. This can be problematic if not treated can destroy skin tissue and bone. ○ Squamous cell carcinoma ​- This is a rough-surfaced skin-colored lesion. Squamous cell skin cancer causes death in about 10 percent of affected patients. ○ Melanoma​ - Most serious skin looks like a dark, changing, bleeding skin spot. ● Warts: Rough bumps caused by a viral infection. They commonly occur on thehands and feet. Sometimes, tiny black dots will be visible in a wart. ● Eczema: ​Also known as Dermatitis, eczema looks like red, itchy, flaky skin. It can occur anywhere. Sometimes, it happens by itself, and other times, it is caused by outside factors such as poison ivy. ● Moles:

If a mole start changing — Moles are normal parts of the skin If a mole start changing in size, color or shape, or if it bleeds it need to be evaluated by a doctor.Health Careers Associated ● Dermatologists Physicians who have acquired a Dermatology degree from a medical institution and specializes in the diagnosis and cure of skin disorders. Dermatologists also study the functions of the skin, and the correlation between skin pathologies and disorders of other organs in the body. ● Plastic surgeons plastic surgeons perform operations that change the appearance or look of a part of apatient's body. They do not just perform cosmetic surgeries such as a nose jobs and face lifts, they also performreconstructive surgeries of patients that have injuries in a severe accident or who have birth defects.PictureWork Cited\"Medical Professions.\" I​ ntegumentary System. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2016.\"Skin: Facts, Diseases & Conditions.\" L​ ive Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2016.Biologicals, By Medifit. \"Integumentary System.\" M​ edifit Biologicals. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2016.

Musculoskeletal Systems​Provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the bones ofthe skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue thatsupports and binds tissues and organs together. KEY TERMS ● disk/o - Intervertebral Disk ● fasci/o - Membrane supporting muscles ● femor/o - Femur ● fibul/o - Fibula ● humer/o - Humerus ● ili/o - Ileum ● ischi/o - Ischium ● kinesi/o, kinet/o - Movement, Motion ● kyph/o - Hump ● lei/o - Smooth Systems Research ● Abduction - M​ oving away from the midline ● Adduction - M​ oving toward the midline ● circumduction -​ Moving in a circular manner ● Inversion - T​ urning inward ● Eversion - ​Turning outward ● Dorsiflexion - B​ ending foot upward ● Plantar flexion - B​ ending foot downward ● Extension - M​ otion that increases the joint angle ● Flexion - M​ otion that decreases the joint angle

● Pronation - T​ urning downward (palm of hand or sole of foot)Diseases/Abnormal Conditions ● Arthritis:​ A​ s​ people age joint tissues become less resilient to wear and tear and start to degenerate manifesting as swelling, pain, and oftentimes, loss of mobility of joints ● Osteoporosis:​ W​ hen too much calcium is dissolved from bones or not enough replaced, bones lose density and are easily fractured. Estrogen, the female sex hormone, helps maintain proper calcium levels in bones. Once the ovaries stop producing the hormone, women are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis. ● Osteomalacia: ​ If not enough calcium is deposited during early childhood development, the bones do not become rock-hard, but rubbery. Both adequate calcium in the diet and vitamin D, primarily, from normal sunlight exposure or supplementation, are necessary for normal bone development. ● Tendonitis​:​ Repeated strain on a tendon, attachment of a muscle to bone, can inflame the tendon resulting in pain and difficulty with movement involving the muscle. Tendons have a poor blood supply; therefore, they typically take a long time to heal on the order of six weeks or more.Health Careers Associated ● Physical Therapist- ​Help people who have injuries or illnesses improve their movement and manage their pain. Often an important part of rehabilitation and treatment of patients with chronic conditions or injuries. Promotes balance and posture, along with proper muscle function. Perform many

therapies (like range of motion exercises) to ensure full muscle movement. ● Chiropractors​ - ​Treat patients with health problems of the musculoskeletal system, which is made up of the bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Use spinal manipulation and other techniques to treat patients’ ailments, such as back or neck pain.PictureWork CitedAmbelal, Bijul. \"The Muscular System: Careers & Staying Healthy.\"P​ rezi.com. N.p., 22 Sept. 2013. Web. 10Oct. 2016.@DesMoinesUniv. \"Musculoskeletal System Diseases - Des Moines University.\" ​Des Moines UniversityMusculoskeletal System Diseases Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2016.

Nervous SystemsNetwork of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. Key terms: ● -esthesia -sensation, feeling ● -plegia - paralysis ● kinesi/o - movement ● -lepsy - seizure, attack ● narc/o - sleep ● -phasia - speech, ability to talk ● Neur/o - Nerve ● -plegia - Paralysis ● Dys - Difficult, painful, abnormal ● Myel/o - Spinal cord ● Encephal/o - Inside the head (brain) System Research ● Encephalitis -​ Inflammation of the brain or spinal cord. tissue, largely caused by a virus that enters the CNS. ● Hydrocephalus ​- Abnormal increase of the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) in the brain that causes the ventricles of the brain to dilate. ● Neuralgia ​- Sharp and paroxysmal pain along the course of a nerve. ● Syncope -​ Fainting. ● Dysphasia ​- Difficult speech. ● Anencephaly -​ Congenital absence of the brain & spinal cord. ● Bell's Palsy​ - An injury to the facial nerves, shows as paralysis of facial muscles, loss of taste, difficulty chewing and the affected eye may remain (effects may be permanent).

● Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - ​Condition that results from the compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel at the wrist. ● Cerebral Concussion​ - Temporary brain dysfunction; loss of consciousness that usually clears within 24 hours. ● Cerebral Contusion​ - Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurologic deficits persist longer than 24 hours.Diseases/Abnormal Conditions ● Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)​ –​ the fancy name for a “stroke”. A blood vessel in the brain may burst causing internal bleeding. Or, a clot may arise in a brain blood vessel (a thrombus), or arise elsewhere (embolus) and travel to get stuck in a brain vessel which then deprives brain tissue of oxygen. Depending upon the area of the brain involved, the patient may suffer paralysis, loss of speech or loss of vision. ● Epilepsy – a Greek word for “seizure.” Convulsions is another term used. Seizures may have many causes and not all seizures are epilepsy. High fevers in young children may trigger seizures which are short in duration, easily controlled and, typically, have no permanent aftereffects. ● Multiple Sclerosis –​ Literally, “many hardenings,” MS is a disease of unknown cause that manifests as multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the insulating layer of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. The loss of insulation allows “short circuiting” of nerve impulses. Depending upon where the degeneration occurs, patients may suffer paralysis, sensory disturbances or blindness. ● Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) – “Ischemia” was introduced previously in the circulatory

diseases module referring to the heart. It literally means “not quite enough blood”. A short period of insufficient blood supply to the brain can have the same signs and symptoms as a stroke such as weakness in an arm, a partial loss of vision, but the problem lasts less than 24 hours. People who get TIA’s are at increased risk of having a stroke in the future. Health Careers Associated ● Neurologist​ - N​ eurology is the study of disorders of the nervous system. A neurologist is a physician who diagnoses and treats nervous system disorders of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. This specialist deals with problems related to brain disease, disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves, and the blood vessels that provide circulation to these organs. ● Pediatric Neurology​ - T​ he study and treatment of disorders of the nervous system in infants, children and adolescents. A pediatric neurologist is a physician who diagnoses and treats nervous system disorders of the brain, spinal cord and nerves.Work cited

- By Beverley Henderson, Jennifer Lee Dorsey. \"Medical Terminology for Nervous Conditions and Pathology - Dummies.\" ​Dummies. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.- @DesMoinesUniv. \"Nervous System Diseases - Des Moines University.\"​Des Moines University Nervous System Diseases Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.

Special Senses​ -​ ​The senses that have specialized organsdevoted to them: vision (the eye) hearing and balance (the ear, which includes the auditory system andvestibular system) smell (the nose) taste (the tongue) Key Terms ● Blephar/o - Eyelid ● -cusis - Hearing ● Irid/o Iris - Color part of eye ● Myring/o - Tympanic Membrane, Eardrum ● Ophthalm/o - Eye, Vision ● -opia - Vision condition ● Opt/o - Eye, Vision ● Ot/o - Ear, Hearing ● Phak/o - Lens of Eye ● Retin/o - Retina, NetSystem Research ● Accommodation -​ the process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances ● Acoustic ​- relating to sound or hearing ● Acoustic ​nerves - transmits information to the brain, then the brain sends messages to muscles in all parts of the body to ensure the equilibrium is maintained ● Acute otitis media​ - usually associated with an upper respiratory infection and is most commonly seen in young children ● Acute purulent otitis media​ - a buildup of pus within the middle ear due to infection

● AD ​ - right ear (auris dexter)● Adnexa -​ appendages or accessory structures of an organ● Air conduction​ - the process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna● Amblyopia​ - a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye● Ametropia​ - any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina Diseases/Abnormal Conditions ● Amblyopia​ - ​Lazy eye...when muscles are weaker in eye than the other. ● Astigmatism ​-​ ​Eyeball is not perfectly round, causing the eye to focus improperly. ● Blepharoptosis ​- d​ rooping of the upper eyelid. ● Cataract ​- L​ ens of eye becomes cloud, preventing light from entering makes it difficult to see clearly ....assoc. w/ aging. Health Careers Associated ● Ophthalmologist -​ A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the eyes and vision ● audiologist​ - A​ Specialist in the measurement of hearing function and in the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments

Work cited \"Common Diseases & Conditions of the Special Senses.\" F​ lashcards. N.p., n.d.Web. 16 Oct. 2016. \"Medical Terminology, Chapter 11, Special Senses: Eyes and Ears.\" ​Flashcards.N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.

Respiratory Systems​: A​ series of organs whose job is to takeoxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Key terms​: ● Bronch/o - Bronchi ● Cyan/o - Blue ● Laryng/o - Larnys ● -oxia - Oxygen ● Oxy- Swift ● Pleur/o - Pleura ● Pneum - Lung, Air, Gas ● Pulmon/o - Lung ● Thorac/ot - Chest ● Trache/o - Trachea System Research: ● Tonsillitis​ - I​ nflammation of the tonsils. ● Rhinitis​ - I​ nflammation of mucous membranes of nose​. ● Atelectasis​ - I​ ncomplete expansion of the lungs.​ ● Tracheitis​ - Inflammation of the trachea. ● Bronchiectasis​ - D​ ilatation of the bronchi. ● Adenoiditis​ - ​Inflammation of the adenoids​. ● Pneumothorax​ - A​ ir between the lung and chest wall. ● Pulmonary neoplasm​ - A​ new growth in the lung, which can be benign or malignant.​

● ​Bronchitis​ - I​ nflammation of the bronchi. ● Laryngitis​ - I​ nflammation of the larynx. Diseases/Abnormal Conditions: ● Pulmonary Edema​ - ​Accumulation of fluid in the bronchioles and alveoli. ● OSA, Obstructive Sleep Apnea​ - ​pharynx collapse during sleep due to the absences on breath. ● Cor pulmonale​ - A​ serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders like emphysema. ● Bronchogenic carcinoma​ - A​ cancerous tumor arising from the bronchus.Health Careers Associated: ● Oncologist ​- A​ doctor who treats cancer the three main oncologist are surgical, medical, radiation. All three of these oncologist work together to help treat a patient with cancer ● Allergist -​ ​A doctor specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have allergies. They look at the body's immune system and determine what needs to be fixed or improved.

Work cited By Beverley Henderson, Jennifer Lee Dorsey. \"Medical Terminology for RespiratoryConditions, Diseases, and Pathology - Dummies.\"​Dummies. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2016. \"Medical Professions.\" ​The Respiratory System. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2016. \"Medical Terminology - Respiratory System.\" F​ lashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct.2016.

Cardiovascular - ​Organ system that permitsblood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbondioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in thebody to provide nourishment Key terms ● cardi/o - Heart ● angi/o - Blood Vessels ● hem/o, hemat/o - Blood ● Brady - Slow ● Tachy - Fast ● thromb/o - Clot ● -emia - Blood condition ● leuk/o - White ● erythr/o - Red ● arteri/o - Artery System Research ● Atrium upper​ -​ Right or left chamber of the heart. ● Interatrial septum​ - P​ artition between the right and left atria. ● Parietal pericardium​ -​ Outer layer of the pericardium. ● Epicardium​ - ​Membrane forming the outer layer of the heart​.

● Visceral pericardium​ - L​ ayer of the pericardium closest to the heart. ● Pericardium​ - ​Protective sac enclosing the heart; composed of two layers with fluid in between. ● Endocardium​ - ​Membrane lining the cavities of the heart. ● Interventricular septum​ - P​ artition between the right and left ventricles. ● Aortic valve ​- ​Heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta. ● Pericardial cavity ​- ​Fluid-filled cavity between the pericardial layers.Diseases/Abnormal Conditions: ● Coronary Artery Disease​ ​- The arteries which should be smooth and elastic get plaque in the inner walls. Which can make the more rigid and narrowed. This can restricts blood flow to the heart. Which can then be starved of oxygen. ● Heart Attack​ - Myocardial Infarction in the permanent damage to the heart muscle.If you have coronary artery disease, those arteries become narrow and blood cannot flow as well as they should. inflammatory cells build up within the arteries to form plaques of different sizes. When the plaque is hard, If a blood clot totally blocks the artery, the heart muscle becomes \"starved\" for oxygen. Within a short time, death of heart muscle cells occurs, causing permanent damage. ● Heart Failure - The heart can't pump blood so well anymore.The chambers of your heart may respond by stretching to carry more blood to pump through the body. They may become stiffer and thicker. This helps keep blood moving for a while, but in time, the heart muscle walls may get weaker.

● Cardiomyopathy - Heart Muscle Disease is a type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. Health Careers Associated: ● Cardiac and Vascular Surgeons - P​ erform surgeries to repair or limit damage to the heart and its supporting network of blood vessels. ● Cardiologist - ​Combat diseases and conditions of the cardiovascular system. They diagnose and treat heart conditions through a variety of non-surgical means, including medications and management of lifestyle factors.Work cited\"Common Medical Terminology. Suffix, Prefix, and Root Words.\"C​ ommon Medical Terminology.Suffix, Prefix, and Root Words.N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2016.\"Medical Terminology- Cardiovascular System.\" ​Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2016.\"Heart and Cardiovascular Diseases.\" W​ ebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2016\"List of Jobs & Careers Involving the Cardiovascular System.\" Work. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

Digestive:A group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feedthe entire body. Key terms ● cholecyst/o - gallbladder ● enter/o - small intestines ● col/o, colon/o - Colon ● hepat/o - Liver ● gastr/o - Stomach ● or/o - Mouth ● -pepsia - digestion ● chol/e - bile ● proct/o - rectum System Research: ● Duodenum​ - First part of the small intestine. ● Esophagus​ - Tubular structure that carries food from the throat to the stomach. ● Gastroenterologist​ - Physician who specializes in the study and treatment of the digestive system. ● Gastroenterology ​- The study of the digestive system. ● Ileum​ - Final and longest part of the small intestine. ● Jejunum -​ Middle part of the small intestine. ● Large intestine​ - Last section of the digestive system, which absorbs water and electrolytes and eliminates waste; the colon. ● Pharynx​ - the throat.

● Rectum​ - Last part of the large intestine leading to the anus. ● Sigmoid​ - S-shaped section of the large intestine.Diseases/Abnormal Conditions: ● Jaundice ​– Literally means “yellow” in French. Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes from a backup of bile metabolic by-products from the blood into body tissues. ● Cirrhosis – A degenerative disease of the liver that often develops in chronic alcoholics, but can have other causes. The name refers to the gross appearance of the organ. ● Esophageal varices – Bulging, engorged veins in the walls of the esophagus are often a complication of chronic alcoholism. The thin-walled, swollen veins are at risk of tearing resulting in severe, possibly fatal, bleeding. ● Crohn’s Disease​ – A chronic inflammatory disease primarily of the bowel. Typical symptoms are abdominal pain,

weight loss, diarrhea. There may also be rectal bleeding that can lead to anemia. Health Careers Associated: ● Endoscopy – ​Use of a flexible fiberoptic instrument attached to a video camera that can be used to directly visualize the esophagus, stomach and large bowel. ● Gastroenterologist​ – A physician specializing in diseases of the digestive system including esophagus, stomach and intestines. These specialists do not do surgery. Patients needing surgery are referred to a general surgeon.Work cited-​@DesMoinesUniv. \"Digestive System Diseases - Des Moines University.\" ​Des MoinesUniversity Digestive System Diseases Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2016.-@DesMoinesUniv. \"Digestive System Procedures/specialists - Des Moines University.\" ​DesMoines University Digestive System Proceduresspecialists Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 29Oct. 2016.-\"Medical Terminology of the Digestive System.\" F​ lashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2016.-\"The Digestive System.\" Rabbits (n.d.): 81-107. Web

Urinary System​ - G​ roup of organs in the bodyconcerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream. Key terms ● -cele - Tumor ● -lysis - Loosening ● cyst/o - Bladder ● nephr/o - Kidney ● ren/o - Kidney ● -uria - Urine ● -pexy - To surgically reattach ● -ectasis - Dilation ● pyel/o - Renal collecting ducts ​ S​ ystem Research ● urethrorrhagia​ - B​ leeding from the urethra ● urethrorrhea​ - ​An abnormal discharge from the urethra ● Urethrostenosis - ​Narrowing of the urethra; occurs almost exclusively in men and is often associated with prostate enlargement ● Epispadias -​ r​ are type of malformation of the penis

● hypospadias​ - A​ condition in which the opening of the penis is on the underside rather than the tip.● Paraspadias - ​ a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis.● benign prostatic hypertrophy - ​Also known as enlarged prostate or prostatomegaly;● hypertrophy - ​The general increase in bulk of a body part or organ that is not due to tumor formation.● prostatism​ - ​The condition of having symptoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to BPH.● prostatitis​ - ​An inflammation of the prostate glandDiseases/Abnormal Conditions:● Urinary tract infections (UTIs) -occur when bacteria enters the urinary tract and canaffect the urethra, bladder or even the kidneys. WhileUTIs are more common in women, they can occur in men.● Urethritis ​–inflammation of the urethra, the final pathway for urinein both sexes, and the common pathway for urine andsemen in the male.● Interstitial cystitis (IC)- p​ ainful bladder syndrome, is a chronic bladder condition,primarily in women, that causes bladder pressure and painand, sometimes, pelvic pain.

● Enuresis –i​nvoluntary release of urine, most often in reference to“bedwetting.” Health Careers Associated: ● Gynecologists​ ​- Specialize in care for female health problems. Since the female reproductive tract and the urinary tract system are physically co-located, gynecologists often care for women who have urinary problems such as urinary tract infections. ● Urologists​ - provide medical and surgical management for disorders of the urinary tract in both men and women. They may diagnose and treat urologic disease, cancers, deformities and injuries.Work cited -​ \"Medical Careers Involved With the Urinary System.\" W​ ork. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2016 -\"Medical Terminology Ch 7 Urinary System.\" F​ lashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2016. - \"Medical Terminology, Chapter 9, The Urinary System.\" ​Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2016. - \"Urinary System: Facts, Functions & Diseases.\" L​ iveScience. TechMedia Network, n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2016. - @DesMoinesUniv. \"Urinary System Diseases - Des Moines University.\" Des Moines University Urinary System Diseases Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2016.

Reproductive system:System of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexualreproduction. Key terms ● Cervic/o - Cervix ● Salping/o - Fallopian tube ● Ov/o - Egg ● Orchid/o - Testicles ● Oophor/o - Ovary ● Men/o - Month ● Mamm/o - Breast ● Gynec/o - Female ● Colp/o - Vagina System Research: ● Urethra -​ A​ tube connecting the bladder to outside of the body. Excretes both semen and urine. ● Spermatogonia​ - ​An intermediary male gametangium (a kind of germ cell) in the production of spermatozoa.

● Scrotum -​ f​ at skin and muscle pouch to protect and control temperature of testicles. ● Prostate Gland - G​ land that produces a clear slightly alkaline fluid that makes up to 15-30% of semen. ● Urethra - ​A tube connecting the bladder to outside of the body. Excretes both semen and urine. ● Corpus Cavernosum​ - Sponge like regions that are found in both the penis and clitoris. ● Corpus Spongiosum -​ The mass of spongy tissue surrounding the male urethra within the penis. ● Oligospermia -​ A condition in which a male has less than 20 million sperm per ml of ejaculate. ● Cryptorchidism - A​ bsence of one or both testes from the scrotum. ● Acrosome -​ An organelle with a cap like shape that develops over the head of a spermatozoa.Diseases/Abnormal Conditions: ● Prolapsed uterus​ – The uterus is almost directly above the vagina. In fact, the cervix, the neck region, of the uterus extends into the upper vagina. Ligaments hold the uterus in proper position so that it does not prolapse or herniate into the vagina. Severe prolapse can result in the uterine cervix protruding from the vaginal opening.

● Varicocele​ – D​ ilated and twisted veins of the testis, sort of “hemorrhoids” of the scrotum! Manifests itself as a swelling on the side of the scrotum which may look and feel like a bag of worms. May be surgically corrected if causing discomfort. ● Cryptorchidism​ – Meaning hidden testicle. A condition of lack of descent of one or both testes into the scrotum. If not corrected, usually by surgery, before puberty, can lead to sterility and increased risk of testicular cancer. ● Endometriosis​ – A condition involving colonization of the abdominal/pelvic cavity with islands of endometrial tissue. Endometrium is the lining layer of the uterus which sloughs off with each menstruation. If endometrial tissue flushes up the uterine tube and spills into the abdomen (peritoneal cavity), the clots of endometrial tissue can attach to abdominal organs such as the bladder, rectum, intestinal loops and then cycle along with the uterus in response to monthly changes in ovarian hormones. Health Careers Associated● Gynecologists -​ D​ eal with the health of the female reproductive system. The term gynecology literally means the study of women. They can do anything from examine the vagina for vaginal cancer to give ultrasounds to help give birth. ● Andrology - T​ he medical profession dealing with the health of the male reproductive system. It is the counterpart to

gynecology and literally means the study of men. They perform the surgical procedures of a vasectomy and a vasovasostomy which is the reversal process of a vasectomy.Work cited @DesMoinesUniv. \"Female Reproductive System - Des Moines University.\" Des Moines University FemaleReproductive System Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2016. \"Medical Professions.\" ​Reproductive System. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2016. \"Medical Professions.\" R​ eproductive System. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2016.Extra Info: ● The human brain cell can hold 5 times as much information as the Encyclopedia Britannica.

● The brain itself cannot feel pain.● The human heart creates enough pressure to squirt blood 30 feet.● The acid in your stomach is strong enough to dissolve razorblades.● The human body is estimated to have 60,000 miles of blood vessels● Your nose can remember 50,000 different scents.


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