Body Systems Flip Book

Body Systems Flip Book By hannah Kuriakose

Table of ContentsIntegumentary system …………………….pages 1-2Musculoskeletal system …………………pages 3-4Nervous system ………………………………pages 5-6Special sense…………………………………pages 7-8Cardiovascular system ………………….pages 9-10Respiratory system ……………………….pages 11-12Digestive system ………………………….pages 13-14Urinary system ………………………………pages 15-16Reproductive system ………………………pages 17-18Explaining ………………………………………….Pages 19

1 Integumentary system Function Key Terms (Define)● Skin is waterproof which prevents fluid loss throughout derm/o, dermat/o - skin kerat/o - horny, hard, cornea body xer/o - dry● The skin thats intact is important to immune system. xanth/o - yellow● Plays major role as a receptor for the sense of touch erythr/o - red● Skin allows body to synthesize vitamin D from the pedicu/o -louse (singular), or (plural) sun's ultraviolet light, but blokes out harmful ultraviolet onych/o - fingernail or toenail radiation. myc/o - fungus pil/o - hair lip/o - fat, lipid rhytid/o - wrinkle albino - white Table of contents

2 Vocabulary 1. Sweat glands - helps regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat. Small amounts of of metabolic waste is also excreted through the sweat glands. 2. Sebaceous glands 3. Hair - controls the loss of heat from body 4. Nails - protects the dorsal surface the last bone of each toe and finger 5. Crust - collection of dried serum and cellular debris 6. Vitiligo - condition where there's a loss of melanocytes resulting in whitish areas of skin bordered by normally pigmented areas. Is very sensitive to sunburn. 7. Albinism - inherited absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes from abnormality in production of melanin (causes skin to be white) 8. Clubbing - Abnormal curving of nails with enlargement of fingertips 9. Collagen - tough but flexible, fibrous protein materials 10. Epidermis - outermost layer of skin 1. Diseases/Disorder 2. 3. Rosacea - condition in which certain facial blood vessels enlarge 4. Melanoma - a tumor of melanin-forming cells Actinic keratosis - a precancerous patch of thick, scaly, or crusty skin 1. Acne - occurrence of inflamed or infected sebaceous glands in the skin 2. Healthcare careers Plastic surgeon - reconstructing or repairing parts of the body Dermatologists - medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders Table of contents

3 Musculoskeletal System Function Key terms (Define)● musculoskeletal system which consist of skeleton, muscles, cartilage, my/o - muscle tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissues all work myel/o - spinal cord or bone together to provide the body with support, protection, and movement. marrow oste/o - bone● skeletal system protect the body's internal organs cost/o - rib● muscular system keep bones in place helps with movement by crani/o - brain -pexy -surgical fixation contracting and pulling on the bones. chondr/o - cartilage arthr/o - joint -plegia - paralysis kinesio - movement Table of contents

4 Vocabulary 1. Skeletal - muscle attached to bone ( pulls on bones for movement 2. Smooth - muscles Internal organs (contract release fluids) 3. Cardiac - Heart muscle ( contracts to send blood to body tissue) 4. Fascia - cover, support, and separates muscles 5. Tendons - Attach muscle to bone 6. Aponeurosis - Flat fibrous sheet of connective tissue , like tendons 7. Cartilage - Allows joints to move easily 8. Ligament - hold bones in place at the joints 9. Tendon - Joints muscle to muscle or muscle to bone 10. Muscle tone - constant state of partial contraction of a muscle Diseases/Disorder1. Arthritis - painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.2. Tendonitis - inflammation of a tendon3. Cherubism - rare genetic disorder that causes prominence in the lower portion of face4. Gorham's disease - rare bone disorder characterized by progressive bone loss Healthcare careers1. Orthopedic surgeon - trained in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal disorders, arthritis, sports injuries, trauma, and fractures2. Radiologist - specialize in diagnosing and treating diseases using medical imaging techniques, such as x-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, positron emission tomography (PET) Table of contents

5 Nervous System Function Key Terms (Define)● Nervous system is a complex group of nerves and neurons that transmit neur/o - nerve signals between different parts of the body. encephal/o - brain myel/o - spinal cord , bone marrow● Nervous system has two main subdivisions the voluntary, and the ambu/o - walk involuntary. -esthesia - sensation mening/o - membranes● The autonomic (involuntary) nervous system regulates some stuff such psych/o - mind as blood pressure and the rate of breathing, that work without conscious concuss/o - shaken together effort.● The somatic (voluntary) system consists of nerves that have spinal cord and muscles connected to brain giving sensory receptors in the skin. Table of contents

6 Vocabulary 1. Neurotransmitters - chemical messenger to transmit impulses between neurons 2. Stimulus - activates nerve, cause impulse 3. Impulse - wave of excitation 4. Nerves - bundle of neurons connecting the brain and spinal cord with other body parts 5. Myelin - protective covering of nerve cells 6. Ganglion/Ganglia - knot like mass of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS. 7. Dendrites - receive impulse and conducts to the cell body 8. Axon - conducts impulses away from cell 9. Terminal fibers - leads impulse away from axon into the synapse 10. Nerves - receives and transmits message to and from all parts of the body Diseases/Disorder 1. Meningitis - inflammation of meninges is caused by viral or bacterial infection 2. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) - type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior 3. Parkinson's disease (PD) - the malfunction and death of vital nerve cells in the brain 4. Tetanus - Bacterial disease marked by rigidity and spasms of the voluntary muscles. Healthcare careers 1. Neuropathologist -A pathologist who specializes in diagnosis of diseases of the brain and nervous system. 2. Psychiatrist - trained in the medical, psychological, and social components of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and helps patients and their families cope with stress and crises. Table of contents

7 Special Senses Function Key Terms (Define)● Special Senses allows someone to interpret what is happening irid/o - iris around them and respond. -tosis - red -opia - vision● The five main senses are sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch , ot/o - ear touch allows one to feel pressure, temperature, and pain. tympan/o - trachea opthalm/o - eye● There are sensory receptors scattered throughout body in the skin -metry - mery Table of contents

8 Vocabulary 1. Special Sense receptors - large complex sensory organ or clusters of receptors 2. Eyelids - protects the eyes anteriorly 3. Canthus - corners of the eye 4. Pupil - rounded opening of the iris that allows light through 5. Lacrimal Glands - Above lateral end of each eye, continuously releasing tears into anterior surface of the eyeball 6. Olfaction - smell 7. Gustation - taste 8. Sensory cells - translating chemical , electromagnetic and mechanical stimuli 9. Photoreceptors - detects light waves 10. Mechanoreceptors - detects sound waves and pressure on the skin and in the inner ear Diseases/Disorder1. Pinkeye - viral disease causes redness of the eyes.2. Ageusia - inability to taste, detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness and saltiness.3. Conjunctivitis - inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye.4. Anosmia - loss of sense of smell Healthcare careers1. Ophthalmologist- doctor who specializes in eye and vision care.2. Otolaryngologists - trained in medical and surgical management and they treat patients with diseases and disorders in there ear, nose, throat and structures of the head and neck. Table of contents

9 Cardiovascular system Function Key Terms (Define)● Transport system cardi/o - heart● Blood transports nutrients and oxygen to all body tissue, picks up the waste angi/o - blood vessels hem/o, hemat/o - blood be excreted Brady- slow● Heart pumps the blood and vessels carry through body. Tachy- fast thromb/o - clot -emia - blood,blood condition leuk/o - white erythr/o - red arteri/o - artery Table of contents

10 Vocabulary 1. Superior Vena Cava - large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart carrying blood from the head, arms, and upper body. 2. Tricuspid valve - Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle 3. Pulmonary Arteries - only deoxygenated blood flows through 4. Pulmonary Valve - separates right ventricle from the pulmonary arteries 5. Interventricular spectrum - muscular wall that separates the right and left ventricles 6. Cardiac apex - lower tip or point of heart 7. Pulmonary veins - Only oxygenated blood flows through 8. Aorta - largest artery in the body 9. epicardium - external layer of heart 10. myocardium - middle layer of heart 11. Epicardium - is the thin, transparent outer layer of the wall Diseases/Disorder1. Anemia - disorder characterized by lower than normal level of rbc’ in the blood.2. Angina Pectoris - Spasmodic chest pain caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscles3. Myocardial infarction - (MI) heart attack4. Palpitation - Abnormally fast, racing heart Healthcare careers1. Cardiologists - monitor, diagnose and treat heart conditions2. EMTs and Paramedics - trained to administer medications, monitor the patient's condition, and, to restore a heartbeat with a controlled electrical shock, or defibrillation. Table of contents

11 Respiratory System Function Key Terms (Define)● Bring in oxygen rich air into the body to be transported by the bronch/o - Bronchos, windpipe blood stream to the cells of body cyan/o - blue laryng/o - larynx, vocal boy● To expel waste products that have been returned to lungs by -oxia - thorax blood Oxy- - oxygen pleur/o - pleura, multi layer● Produce airflow through the larynx (voice box) that makes membrane speech possible pneum/o - pneumon pulmon/o - lung thorac/o - thorax, chest trache/o -trachea, windpipe Table of contents

12 Vocabulary 1. Pharynx - Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. 2. Larynx - Voice box ( Contains the vocal cords) 3. Esophagus - Leans into the stomach and carries food to be digested. 4. Trachea - Windpipe 5. Alveolus - Air sac in the lung. 6. Bronchus - is an airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. 7. Capillaries - oxygen in the air passes through air sac walls into the blood in the capillaries 8. Glottis - Slit-like opening to the larynx. 9. Pleural cavity - Space between the folds of the pleura. 10. Carbon dioxide - Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine. Diseases/Disorder 1. Asthma- widespread narrowing of the bronchial airways 2. Emphysema - air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs are enlarged and damaged 3. Hay Fever - inflammation of the lining of the nose and sometimes of the conjunctiva. 4. Rhinitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose Healthcare careers 1. Pulmonologist - specialized in diagnosing and treating patients with lung problems and diseases. 2. Oncologist - doctor who treats people with cancer Table of contents

13 Digestive System Function Key terms (define)● breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the cholecyst/o - gallbladder body. enter/o - intestines col/o, colon/o - colon● specialized function of turning food into the energy hepat/o - liver● residue for waste disposal. gastr/o - stomach or/o - mouth -pepsia - swallow chol/e - bile; gall proct/o - anus and rectum Table of contents

14 Vocabulary 1. Protein - molecules that are made up of amino acids & needed for growth and repair of body cells 2. Esophagus - tube that carries food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach 3. Nutrients - food that provides energy & materials for cell development, growth & repair, 4. Large Intestine - last organ of the digestive system which removes liquid wastes and stores solid wastes. 5. Digestion - process that breaks down food into molecules so they can be used by the body's cells for energy 6. Villi - finger-like projections in the sm. intestine where nutrients are absorbed in the blood stream 7. Rectum - temporary storage facility for feces 8. Pancreas - produces enzymes that break down digestible foods 9. Gall Bladder - stores the bile that is made in the liver and help the digestions process.10. chemical digestion - process that breaks down large molecules that can be absorbed by the body's cells; takes place in the mouth, stomach sm. intestine Diseases/Disorder 1. Gallstones - hard deposits that form in your gallbladder 2. Celiac Disease - serious sensitivity to gluten, a protein found in wheat. Also immune system goes on the attack, It damages your villi, the fingerlike protrusions. 3. Hemorrhoids - inflammation of the blood vessels at the end of your digestive tract. 4. Anal Fissure - tiny, oval - shaped tears in the lining of the very end of your anus Healthcare careers 1. Gastroenterologists - treat diseases occurring throughout the entire system, from the esophagus to the rectum. 2. Proctologist - a doctor specializing in diseases of the rectum and anus Table of contents

15 Urinary System Function Key terms (define)● is to remove liquid waste -cele - hernia● The kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from blood. -lysis - breakdown; separation;● produce erythropoietin, a hormone that aids the formation of red blood loosening cyst/o - cell cells. nephr/o - kidney ren/o - kidney -uria - urine -pexy - fixation; to put in place -ectasis - dilation; dilatation; widening pyel/o - kidney Table of contents

16 Vocabulary 1. Filtration - In the kidney, blood pressure forces materials through the filter 2. Kidney - it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine. 3. Meatus - opening or canal 4. renal artery - Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney 5. renal vein - blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart 6. Urea - major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. 7. Ureter - One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. 8. Urethra - Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. 9. urinary bladder - hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine. Diseases/Disorder 1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) - occur when bacteria enters the urinary tract and can affect the urethra, bladder or even the kidneys. 2. Kidney stones - are clumps of calcium oxalate that can be found anywhere in the urinary tract. 3. Bladder cancer - difficulty urinating and urgent/and or frequent urination 4. interstitial cystitis (IC) - is a chronic bladder condition, primarily in women, that causes bladder pressure and pain Healthcare careers 1. Urologists - provide medical and surgical management for disorders of the urinary tract 2. Transplant surgeons - perform the surgeries that allow renal failure patients to become healthy again. Table of contents

17 Reproductive System Function Key terms (define)● collection of internal and external organs cervic/o - neck● The first is to produce egg cells, and the second is to protect and salping/o - fallopian tube; auditory ov/o - egg nourish the offspring until birth. orchid/o - testis, testicle oophor/o - ovary men/o - menses, menstruation mamm/o - breast gynec/o - female colp/o - vagina prostat/o - prostate gland Table of contents

18 Vocabulary 1. breast - either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman 2. cervix - the opening to the uterus 3. ova - a female reproductive cell 4. ovary - one of usually two organs that produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone 5. penis - male reproductive organ 6. puberty - period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional 7. uterus - a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females 8. sterile - incapable of reproducing 9. testes - the male gonads, which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones. 10. menopause - the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends 1. Diseases/Disorder 2. 3. gonorrhea - inflammation of the genital tract caused by infection with gonococci 4. salpingitis - inflammation of a Fallopian tube yeast infection - a vaginal infection caused by a fungal organism 1. syphilis - a sexually transmitted infectious disease 2. Healthcare careers Obstetricians - is the study of caring for women before, during, and after pregnancy. Andrologists - is the medical profession dealing with the health of the male reproductive system. Table of contents

19 Explaining I hope to get 10 points on this project because i have worked very hard to get all the information needed. Also i have searched for many kid friendly pictures so it wouldn't disturb their little minds.i have turned in all the research on time and also added some extra pictures to describe the diseases, doctors, and the structures of each system. Table of contents