Body Systems Flip Book for 7th Graders

Body Systems Flip Book Colleen Clark 2A

Table of contents● Integumentary system : slides 3-6● Musculoskeletal system : slides 7-10● Nervous system : slides 11-14● Special senses system: slides 15-18● Cardiovascular system: slides 19-22● Respiratory system: slides 23-26● Digestive system : slides 27-30● Urinary system : slides 31-34● Reproductive system : slides 35-36

Integumentary system: functions● Protection from sun rays and diseases● Feeling paining and sensing what you touch● Temperature of the body● Regulation of body temperature through blood vessels expanding and shrinking● Absorption of medicines that you rub into your skin (transdermal)● Storage of fats, sugars, water, vitamins, and salt of the body● Removal of extra water, salt, and heat from the body● Production of vitamin D Table of Contents

Integumentary system: structuresEpidermis- the outer/visible layer of the skin that covers the entire body.Dermis- the deeper layer of the skin under the epidermis where the blood, blood vessels, and nerves arefound.Hypodermis-the innermost layer of the skin that is a flexible connection between the skin and themuscles/bones and stores the fat of the body.Hair- an accessory organ of the body made up of dead skin cells.Nails- accessory organs of the skin made up of dead skin cells found at the end of fingers and toes.Glands- structures that produce sweat, wax, and oil

Integumentary system: professions1. Dermatologist- A doctor who specializes in the discovery and treatment of skin problems and disorders.2. Plastic Surgeon- Surgeons who perform operations that change theappearance or look of a part of a patient’s body. They perform both beauty relatedand reconstructive/rebuilding surgeries

Integumentary system: diseases/disordersDiseases and Disorders:1. Jaundice- yellowish color of the skin because of bile (a greenish-brown liquid that is produced by the liver) in the blood.2. Dermatitis- swelling or puffiness of the skin caused by something that irritatesyour skin, such as an allergy. Table of Contents

Musculoskeletal system: Functions● Protection of the body's internal organs● Supports the weight of the body● Stores calcium and phosphorus in the body● Movement of the body● Cartilage- prevents bone ends from rubbing directly against each other, which grinds away at the bone Table of Contents

Musculoskeletal system: structuresBones-HArd, white tissue that makes up a human’s skeleton.Muscles-bands or bundles of tissue that can contract, produce movement, and maintain the position ofdifferent parts of the body.Tendons-a flexible cord that attaches a muscle to a bone.Ligaments-a short, tough/flexible band that connects a bone to another bone/cartilage or holds togethera joint.Cartilage-a firm, whitish, connective tissue that can be found in the ear, nose, and parts of therespiratory tract.

Musculoskeletal system: professions1. Orthopedic Surgeon- Surgeons who perform surgeries having to do with trauma, tumors, injuries, infections, and other conditions involving bones and the musculoskeletal system.2. Physical Therapist- People who work with patients to help them regainmovement and manage pain of parts of their bodies after injuries, illness, orsurgery.

Musculoskeletal system: diseases/disorders1. Arthritis- swelling or puffiness of the joints that can cause stiffness and pain of the joints. This disease worsens with age, and is commonly found in old people.2. Osteoporosis- A bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone or makes too little bone. Large holes and spaces in the bone are formed, making it so the bone is very weak in brittle and very easy to break. Table of Contents

Nervous System: functions● Neurons pass messages and signals between different parts of the body● Controls the body and it’s functions● Communication among the different parts of the body● Transmission/ Passing along of nerve impulses Table of Contents

Nervous system: structuresCentral nervous system- the part of the nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord.Brain- the body’s control center for sensation and movement of the body, in addition to intellect.Spinal cord-the bundle of nerves located inside of the spine that connects almost all of the parts ofthe body to the brain, forming the central nervous system.Peripheral nervous system-the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cords, including allthe nerves and neurons.Nerves-bundles of fiber that send messages of sensation to the brain or spinal cord.

Nervous system: professions● Neurologist- Experts who diagnose and treat disorders of the nervous system. They manage/treat illnesses, injuries, and disorders found in the brain and spinal cord.● Psychiatrist- A doctor who diagnoses and treats mental disorders. They prescribe/administer medical treatments and therapy to patients who suffer from problems of the mind.

nervous system: diseases/disorders1. Huntington’s disease- a condition that is passed down through your family and causes the nerve cells in the brain to worsen/break down over time.2. Stroke- a disorder that occurs when there is bleeding on the brain or blood flow to the brain is stopped or obstructed. Table of Contents

Special Senses System: functions● Ability to hear● Ability to see● Ability to taste● Ability to smell● Works with the nervous system to send messages to the brain using theirsensory receptors (nerves that respond to things that happen to the body)● Warn the body of danger Table of Contents

Special senses system: structuresEar- the organ that allows humans to hear and recognize sounds.Tongue-the muscular organ found in the mouth of a human that is used fortasting, licking, swallowing, and making sound.Nose-a part on the face above the mouth that protrudes from the face andcontrols the nostrils. It is used for both breathing and smelling.Eyes-circular organs in the head through which humans see.

Special senses system: professions1. Otolaryngologists- a.k.a an ENT, an ear, nose, and throat doctor. They are medically trained in treating and performing surgeries of people with diseases and disorders involving the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck.2. Audiologist- provide care to people who have hearing problems,testing, diagnosing, and providing treatment to them. They also conduct noise-level testing and work to prevent hearing loss.

Special senses system: diseases/disorders1. Monochromatism- a.k.a color blindness, the inability to distinguish colors from each other.2. Tinnitus- a ringing, roaring, buzzing, or hissing in the ears. Table of Contents

Cardiovascular system: Functions Table of Contents● Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide● Transport of nutrients and waste● protection against diseases and healing● Delivery of hormones● Regulation of body temperature● Supplies blood to the body● Keeps the heart beating

Cardiovascular system: structuresHeart-a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.Arteries-carry oxygen-filled blood to different parts of the blood (like the muscles and lungs).Veins-carry blood with no oxygen back to the heart from different parts of the body.Capillaries-the “bus station” of the blood vessels, deposit the oxygen from blood to the differentparts of the body, making it so the blood has no oxygen anymore.Blood- the red liquid that circulates through the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) ofthe body, carrying oxygen-filled and oxygen-deprived blood throughout the body.

Cardiovascular system: professions● Electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG) Technician- a cardiovascular tech who operates electrocardiograph machines (measures electrical activity in the heart), Holter monitors, and performs other specialized cardiovascular tests.● Cardiovascular Surgeon- Surgeons who have been trained to perform surgery on the heart, lungs, esophagus, blood vessels, and other organs located inside of the chest. They conduct many different tests on patients to determine if they have a heart disorder or need treatment on their hearts.

Cardiovascular system: diseases/Disorders1. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)- the heart doesn’t pump enough blood to the body. THis means the body isn’t getting enough nutrients and oxygen, making it so fluid builds up in the lungs, ankles, and legs.2. Aneurysm- a weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery. They mainly occur in large blood vessels, and are usually named after those blood vessels (ex. Aortic aneurysm). They are often fatal because of the rapid loss of blood when they burst due to the weakened walls they create. Table of Contents

Respiratory system: Functions● Breathing- Inhalation and Exhalation (In and out)● External respiration- exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)between the lungs and the bloodstream● Internal respiration- exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the bloodstream and body tissues● Creating sound (air vibrating against the vocal cords) Table of Contents

respiratory system: structuresNose-a part of the face that contains the nostrils and is used for breathing and smelling.Mouth-one of the main external openings of the respiratory system that aids in breathing.Pharynx-the cavity behind the nose and mouth that connects them to the esophagus.Larynx-the muscular organ that forms the air passage to the lungs and holds the vocal cords.Trachea-a.k.a the windpipe, moves air to and from the lungs.Lungs- a pair of elastic sac-like organs inside of the rib cage that draw in air from outside of thebody.

Respiratory system: professions1. Respiratory Therapist (RT)- Treats patients with heart or lungs problems by giving them oxygen, gases, or aerosol medications under a physician’s orders. They also use exercises to to improve patient breathing, perform diagnostic tests, and connect and monitor ventilators (breathing machines).2. Pulmonologist- A physician who specializes in discovering and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues.

Respiratory system: diseases/disorders1. Pharyngitis- a.k.a a sore throat, inflammation of the pharynx.2. Hemoptysis- The spitting of blood from the lungs because of bleeding in the lungs or the throat. Table of Contents

Digestive system: functions● Breakdown of food into smaller pieces● Absorption of nutrients into the body● Convert food into nutrients● Remove unused waste from the body Table of Contents

Digestive system: structuresMouth-breaks down food into smaller piecesEsophagus-food travels from the mouth to the stomach through this tube through muscular contractions calledperistalsis.Stomach-a hollow organ that holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes to further break down food.Small intestine-an about 22 foot long muscular tube that breaks down food into nutrients.Large intestine-a.k.a the colon, removes water from food to convert it to waste (feces).Pancreas-produces enzymes to help the small intestine break down the proteins, fats, and carbs for the body.Rectum and anus-the last parts of the digestive tract that remove the waste (feces) from the body.

Digestive system: professions● Dentist- Examines teeth, gums, x-rays of teeth, and the surrounding areas for any possible problems, like cavities. They also make models and measurements for dental appliances, like retainers, and teach patients about diet, use of fluoride, flossing, and other aspects of dental care.● Gastroenterologist- Diagnose and treat diseases, disorders, and irregularities of the digestive tract. They do consultations, perform tests, and prescribe medications/treatment plans for their patients.

Digestive system: diseases/disorders1. Malnutrition-the body doesn’t have enough food or nutrients, either due to a shortage of food or that the body can’t absorb enough nutrients.2. Eructation- The act of belching or burping. Table of Contents

Urinary system: functions● Removal of waste products from the body● Regulation of electrolyte balance● Producing, storing, and eliminating urine● Remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine● Remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons Table of Contents

urinary system: structuresKidneys-a pair of organs that excrete urine and filter blood.Ureters-tubes where urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder (one connected to eachkidney).Bladder-a sac where urine is collected prior to removal from the body.Urethra-the duct where urine is removed from the body from the bladder.Rectum- the external opening of the body which urine is removed from.

urinary system: professions1. Nephrologist- A doctor who specializes in kidney care and diseases of the kidneys. They treat many different diseases having to do with the kidneys, renal (kidney) failure, kidney stones, high blood pressure, and are educated on nearly all aspects of kidney transplantation and dialysis.2. Urologist- A doctor who specializes in treating diseases and maintaining the health of the male reproductive system and the urinary tract in both males and females. They offer consult and provide treatment to problems and diseases in the kidneys, adrenal glands, and bladder.

urinary system: diseases/disorders● Renal failure- a.k.a kidney failure, the inability of the kidneys or a kidney to perform their functions. The body cannot replace damaged nephrons (filtering/functional units of the kidney). When too many nephrons have been destroyed, the result is kidney failure.● Diuresis- urinating a lot more than normal. Table of Contents

Reproductive system: functions● To produce egg cells● To protect and nourish the offspring until birth● Males- to produce and deposit sperm (male sex cells)● Female- produce egg cells necessary for reproduction and after birth to produce milk from the breasts Table of Contents

Reproductive system: professions● Midwife- assists in labor and delivery. A certified nurse midwife (CNM) is a RN with specialized training in obstetrics (care of women giving birth) and gynecology who provides primary care in normal pregnancies and deliveries.● Fertility Specialist- diagnoses and treats problems associated with conceiving a child and maintaining pregnancy. Table of Contents