Digital Sports Handbook

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH BHAADNMDIBNOTOONK PERFORMANCE TASK # 1 SUBMITTED BY: KIM RAVEN P. CUPINO GRADE 11 - JOULE

Badminton is a racket sport played on a rectangular court with a high net across the middle wherein either two or four opposing players play, one player on each side of the court which is called “singles”, or a team of two players on each side which is called “doubles”. The players try to score points by hitting a small object called a shuttlecock across the net using a racket. It is developed in year 1870 among the expatriate officers of British India as a variant of the earlier game of 'battledore and shuttlecock', and in 1873, it was introduced by the Duke of Beaufort at his country estate in Gloucestershire, England from which the sport derives its name “Badminton”. BBAADDINMMTROIDINNUCTTIOTNOONN

Court Dimensions A badminton court has a length of 13.4 m (44 ft.) with the width depending on the type of competition, 6.1 m (20 ft.) marked for doubles while 5.18 m (17 ft.) for singles. Each of the 4 service courts has a measurement of 3.96 m (13 ft.) in length and 2.59 m (8.5 ft.) in width. The posts which are placed on the double side lines irrespective of whether singles or doubles is played are 1.55 m (5 ft. 1 in) high from the surface of the court and the top of the net from the surface of the court is 1.52 m at the center of the court and 1.55 m over the side lines for doubles. The badminton court also has two service lines: short service line for a single match placed 1.98 m (6.5 ft.) from the net and long service line for double games that is paced 0.76 m (2.5 ft.) from the back boundary.

ESSENTIAL GAME EQUIPMENT Equipment BADMINTON RACKET BADMINTON ATTIRE BADMINTON EQUIPMENT BAG BADMINTON ESSENTIAL BADMINTON SHOES SHUTTLECOCK GAME EQUIPMENT BADMINTON BADMINTON COURT SCORING BOARD AND NET

BASIC SKILLS 1. gRIP The player’s choice of grip is one of the factors that impact their success on the court. In badminton, grip is a way of holding the racket in order to hit shots during a match and players usually change grips during a rally depending on the type of shot whether it is a forehand or backhand shots. It is essential to have a correct grip as your power, control and risk of injury can depend in your grip choice. TYPES OF GRIPPING TECHNIQUES: A. FOREHAND GRIP The main aim of this grip is to attain or form the ‘V-shape’ in between the thumb and index finger and to have a little space between the index finger and middle finger. For this grip, the index finger will control the racket on top of the stroke and to perform forehand grip what you need to do is to gently press your index finger in one of the wider areas and hold the racket with the other finger, as for the thumb, rest it comfortably anywhere near the wider surface of the grip so you can change your grip quickly. B. BACKHAND GRIP This type of grip looks like you are doing a ‘thumbs up’ and unlike the forehand grip, in this grip, the thumb is the one that is in control of the stroke. To perform this, you should set up your thumb on top of the wider section of the grip and as for your index finger, relax it and move it closer to your middle finger along with the other fingers around the side. Always remember that the key to perform strong backhands depends on how you hold your racket and the push of your thumb.

BASIC SKILLS 2. SERVE It is one of the most important aspects in playing badminton, because knowing how to serve properly or a good serve can put your opponent under pressure which will advantage you and can make you get a point after making a service. But you must remember that when it comes to serving, there are a few rules that must be obeyed to ensure that the serve is legal, otherwise, it might lead to penalty points. TYPES OF BADMINTON SERVE: A. HIGH SERVE It is a serve with the aim of sending the shuttlecock high and long and make it drop as close to the furthest backline as possible, in this way, the opponent will be forced to go backward and it will be difficult for an opponent to hit an effective return. High serve is the most commonly used serve in ‘singles’ matches. B. LOW SERVE It is a serve with the aim of hitting the shuttlecock low and short so it just clears the net and lands as close to the service line as possible, in this way, the opponent will be forced to move forward and it will be difficult for the opponent to hit an attacking return. Low serve is the most commonly used serve in ‘doubles’ matches.

BASIC SKILLS 3. FOOTWORK Badminton is based on speed that is why footwork is another vital skill for badminton as it refers to the speed and skill with which a player moves from one zone of the court to another during the game. A good and proper footwork provides superb speed and agility which enables the player to move around the badminton court swiftly, return every shuttlecock coming in any direction speedily, and score a point. SOME BADMINTON FOOTWROK TECHNIQUES: A. READY POSITION B. SIDE STEP (CHASSE) C. LUNGE D. SCISSOR KICK E. CROSSOVER STEP

BASIC SKILLS 4. STANCE In badminton, stance refers to the way the player stands when retrieving certain shots from the opponent. A proper stance is a ready and engaged position which is an important skill in terms of returning an incoming shot from the opponent, it will allow the player to get an advantage in rallies and enables to hit efficient and powerful shots. TYPES OF BADMINTON STANCE: A. DEFENSIVE STANCE By the use of this stance, the player can cover wider angles and easily defend the opponent’s smashes. It can also be used in performing a high serve. And to perform defensive stance, the player should face his/her body to the front of the court, place the racket in front, around waist height and pointing slighting forward and then raise the non- rachet arm for better balance. B. ATTACKING STANCE It is a stance that allows the player to return a short or high lift from the opponent and by utilizing this stance and depending on the opponent’s stroke, the player can also send a drop shot. Attacking stance is utilized by going behind the shuttlecock, rotating the body to the side court in an angular form, raising both arms, moving whole body weight in the racket legs by opening the legs wide, and then hitting the shuttlecock as a smash. C NET STANCE It is a stance that enables the player to take the shuttlecock at the highest point when he/she is at the net. It is used to return the opponent’s stroke after sending a net shot. Mostly the time you need to adopt this stance is after you perform a tumbling net shot and then after that, your body will naturally put itself in the net stance. To utilize this stance, place your racket foot forward and the non-racket foot backward, and place the racket in front of your body within a small distance on top of the weight height.

BASIC SKILLS 5. STROKES In badminton, stroke refers to the swing motion of the player’s racket arm with an intention to hit the shuttlecock. And it is highly needed to be performed to hit certain shots because the power of any badminton shot comes from how well the player perform his/her strokes. TWO TYPES OF BADMINTON STROK: A. FOREHAND STROKE This shot should be played when the shuttlecock is on the player’s racket side. The one that is in control for forehand stroke as the player swing overarm or underarm is his/her index finger, and to play a forehand stroke, the player must swing his/her wrist along with the index finger as support. B. BACKHAND STROKE This shot should be played when the shuttlecock is on the player’s non-racket side with the thumb controlling the strokes, and to play a backhand shot, the player should hold the racket with the back of his/her hand in front and by swinging his/her wrist forward while using the thumb as support.

TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS SMASH The badminton smash is considered as the most powerful shot in badminton and it can be performed with both the forehand and backhand. It is used when an opponent returns the shuttlecock high but short. It is played at a downward angle, making it difficult for an opponent to return. DROP SHOT The drop shot is known to be a strategic movement which deceives opponents to thinking a player is about to execute a drive shot. It is best to use when the opponent is near the backcourt, as the aim is to get it to just drop over the net. SMASH The badminton smash is considered as the most powerful shot in badminton and it can be performed with both the forehand and backhand. It is used when an opponent returns the shuttlecock high but short. It is played at a downward angle, making it difficult for an opponent to return. DRIVE The drive is played from mid-court to mid-court and is a quick, flat, powerful counter-attacking shot. It can be both a backhanded and forehanded shot. When it is executed correctly, a player will force their opponent to hit an upward return.

TACTICAL SKILLS Knowing your strengths and weaknesses and those of your opponent Having a clear understanding of which are your strengths and which are your weaknesses is the most important step to take to make sure you choose the right tactics. Also, knowing you opponent’s strengths and weaknesses is critical to know because if your opponent has a strength that is the same as yours, you will not be able to use tactics that exploit that strength against him or her. Once you are aware of both your skill set and that of your opponent, it is a good time to start thinking about tactics. Hitting to the corners Paying shots to the corners maximizes the distance the opponent must cover so this a good tactic to have because it is a way of tiring out the opponent, you force the opponent away from his base position and it will be difficult for them to be able to play the shuttlecock back over the net, because of the distance you are making them cover across the court. Central Base Position This tactic will benefit the player’s performance in the court because by maintaining a central base position once you’ve played each shot will give you a higher chance of being able to reach and hit the next shot. This position is most ideal as it allows the player to get to where the shuttle lands with the least amount of footsteps. Moving Opponoent Around the Court This tactic will also benefit the player’s performance because it means that the player has control over the game, as well as it will tire out the opponent, they will be forced to cover a slightly longer distance rapidly and change direction and it might cause them to play a weak shot back which will give you the opportunity to use that as an advantage and immediately try to win the rally.

RULES OF THE GAME SCORING SYSTEM 1. A match is consist of the best of three games of 21 points. 2.A point is scored on every serve and added to the score of a player or team who wins a rally. 3.The winning side gets the next serve for the next game. 4.If the score is 20-20, the side that will gain the first two clear points will win the game. 5.If the score is 29-29, the side that will score the first 30th point will win the game. 6.A point is scored if the shuttlecock hits the ground inside the opponent’s half of the court, including the lines. 7. A point will be conceded if a shot goes outside the court boundaries, if the shuttlecock hits the net or passes under it, or if a player strikes the shuttlecock twice with their racket.

RULES OF THE GAME INTERVAL AND CHANGE OF ENDS 1.Players get a 60 second interval when the leading score reaches 11 points. 2.A 2-minute break between each game is permitted. 3.In the third game, when the leading score hits 11 points, the players change ends. SINGLES 1.The server serves from the right service court at the start of the game (0-0) and when the server's score is even. On the other hand, the server serves from the left service court when his or her score is odd. 2.If the server wins a rally, he or she scores a point and then returns to the alternate service court to serve again. 3.If the receiver wins a rally, he or she scores a point and becomes the new server. They serve from the appropriate service court - left if their score is odd, right if their score is even.

RULES OF THE GAME DOUBLES 1.There is only one 'service' per side. 2.The service passes consecutively to the players as shown in the diagram. 3.The server serves from the right service court at the start of the game and when the score is even. While, when the score is odd, the server will serve from the left court. 4.If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again from the alternate service court. 5.If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point, and the receiving side becomes the new serving side. 6.Players do not change their respective service courts until their side has scored a point when serving. Ans if a player makes an error on the service court, it is immediately corrected when the mistake is discovered. 7.The server order is determined by whether the score is odd or even, same as in singles. 8. Only when a point is scored does the serving side change the service courts. In all other cases, the players remain on their respective service court where they left off during the previous rally. This will ensure an alternate server.

HOWBATDOMOINFFTIOCNIATE OFFICIALS 1. REFEREE 2. UMPIRE 3.LINE JUDGES 4.SERVICE JUDGE

How to Officiate Badminton? 1. Referee Referees are considered as the senior officials in badminton. They have overall control over the competitions, are the final arbitrator, and are in charge of both on and off-court matters. A referee's work entails a great deal of responsibility so he has a team to assist him which are called as assistant referees. ROLES: 1.Ensure that the players get enough facilities when competing in competitions. 2.Ensure the players' practice sessions and schedules. 3.Look after the playing conditions of the players 4.Ensure that the equipment used is up to BWF standards. 5.Guarantees that everyone follows the sport's health and safety requirements, as well as other rules of the sport. 6..Responsible for creating a proper match schedule, and also determines the order of play. 7.Coordinates matches and tournaments with umpires and other officials. 8.Responsible for compiling a comprehensive tournament report. Referees are rarely seen on the courts unless a critical situation arises.

How to Officiate Badminton? 2. Umpire Umpires has the authority over a specific badminton match and is in the charge of the court as well as the surroundings. ROLES: 1.Their primary responsibility is to make service calls such as faults or lets. 2.Closely examine the match and bring out the players' service faults. 3..Keeps track of each player's match score and is required to make an announcement after each point scored by a player. 4.Bound by the referee's authority, they inform the referee about any misconduct acknowledged. 5.Ensures the match is conducted in accordance with the Laws of Badminton, the rules and regulations of the BWF and any other regulations pertinent to the specific tournament. Unlike a referee, an umpire must be physically present throughout the game, from start to the end, until the players leave the court.

How to Officiate Badminton? 3. Line Judges The line judge is responsible for signaling or making a call, stating whether a shuttlecock has landed in or out when the shuttlecock lands near the line assigned to them. The number of line judges situated around a court is determined on the tournament's level. Line judges are normally in charge of two or more lines in less important tournament. While, in major tournaments, one line judge is assigned to each line that is played, for a total of ten line judges. There is a midline judge, baseline judge, and sideline judges in badminton with their respective responsibilities in the court. Three hand signals are used by line judges. One indicates that the shuttlecock has landed in, another indicates that it has landed out, and the last indicates that they have been unsighted and are unable to make the call. Line judges sit beside the badminton court, right in front of every in/out lines.

How to Officiate Badminton? 3. Sevice Judge Service judge is in charge of calling a \"service fault\" if a player is foul when doing the serve. They are also responsible for providing or distributing new shuttlecocks to the players, if they requested. In any tournaments that has no assigned service judge, it is indicated that the umpire will be taking up their role.

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